Astrid Gabriela Hassan

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Session 5 Hypothesis Testing One Sample Test

Please read Chapter 9 in Levine’s book, and Chapter 9 in Bowerman’s book.
1. Write the null and alternative hypotheses for each of the following examples. Determine
if each is a case of a two-tail, an upper-tail, or a lower-tail test.
a. To test if the mean number of hours spent working per week by college students
who hold jobs is different from 20 hours.
H0: 𝝁 = 20 H1: 𝝁 ≠ 20 → two tail test
b. To test whether or not a bank’s ATM is out of service for an average of more than
10 hours per month.
H0: 𝝁 ≤ 20 H1: 𝝁 >20 → upper tail test
c. To test if the mean length of experience of airport security guards is different from
3 years.
H0: 𝝁 = 3 H1: 𝝁 ≠ 3 → two tail test
d. To test if the mean credit card debt of college seniors is less than $1000.
H0: 𝝁 ≥ 1000 H1: 𝝁 < 1000 → lower tail test
e. To test if the mean time a customer has to wait on the phone to speak to a
representative of a mail-order company about unsatisfactory service is more than
12 minutes.
H0: 𝝁 ≤ 12 H1: 𝝁 >12 → upper tail test
2. A study claims that all adults spend an average of 14 hours or more on chores during a
weekend. A researcher wanted to check if this claim is true. A random sample of 200
adults taken by this researcher showed that these adults spend an average of 14.45 hours
on chores during a weekend. The population standard deviation is known to be 3.0 hours.
H0: 𝜇 ≥ 14 H1: 𝜇 <14 → one tail test
n = 200
α = 0.05
𝑋̅ = 14.45
𝑆=3
a. Find the p-value for the hypothesis test with the alternative hypothesis that all
adults spend more than 14 hours on chores during a weekend. Interpret the
meaning of p-value.
df = 200-1 = 199 → 1.6449
jika tstat < 1.6449 maka H0 ditolak
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̅− 𝝁
𝑿 𝟏𝟒.𝟒𝟓− 𝟏𝟒
tstat = 𝑺 == 𝟑 = 2.12 > 1.6449 → H0 diterima
√𝒏 √𝟐𝟎𝟎

jika p value < 0.05 maka H0 ditolak

p value = 0.9830 > 0.05 → H0 diterima
Null Hypothesis µ 14
Level of Significance 0.05
Sample size 200
Sample mean 14.45
Sample standard deviation 3

Std error of mean 0.212132034

Degrees of freedom 199
t test statistic 2.121320344

p value 0.982433805
Do not reject the null hypothesis

b. Find- the critical value at α = 0.1 and the critical value at α = 0.05. Interpret the
meaning of α.
α = 0.1
df = 199 → critical value -1.2816
jika tstat < -1.2816 maka H0 ditolak
tstat = 2.12 > -1.2816 → H0 diterima
Null Hypothesis µ 14
Level of Significance 0.1
Sample size 200
Sample mean 14.45
Sample standard deviation 3

Std error of mean 0.212132034

Degrees of freedom 199
t test statistic 2.121320344

Lower critical value -1.28582021

Do not reject the null hypothesis

α = 0.05
df = 199 → critical value -1.6449
jika tstat < -1.6449 maka H0 ditolak
tstat = 2.12 > -1.6449 → H0 diterima
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Null Hypothesis µ 14
Level of Significance 0.05
Sample size 200
Sample mean 14.45
Sample standard deviation 3

Std error of mean 0.212132034

Degrees of freedom 199
t test statistic 2.121320344

Lower critical value -1.65254675

Do not reject the null hypothesis

c. Will you reject the null hypothesis at α = 0.1? What about at α = 0.05? Use both
p-value approach and critical value approach. What are your conclusions?
Null Hypothesis µ 14
Level of Significance 0.1
Sample size 200
Sample mean 14.45
Sample standard
deviation 3

Std error of mean 0.212132034

Degrees of freedom 199
t test statistic 2.121320344

p value 0.982433805
Do not reject the null hypothesis
Berdasarkan hasil uji menggunakan metode critical value dan p value dengan α =
0.05 dan α = 0.1, disimpulkan bahwa H0 diterima karena p value > α dan hasil uji
tstat lebih besar dari critical value.
3. A random sample of 14 observations taken from a population that is normally distributed
produced a sample mean of 212.37 and a standard deviation of 16.35. Using the table in
Appendix E3, find the critical and observed values of t for each of the following tests of
hypotheses, using α = 0.1.
a. H0: µ = 205 versus H1: µ ≠ 205
n = 14
α = 0.1
𝑋̅ = 212.37
S = 16.35
df = n -1 = 14-1 = 13 → critical value 1.7709
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jika tstat < -1.7709 atau tstat > 1.7709 maka H0 ditolak
̅− 𝝁
𝑿 𝟐𝟏𝟐.𝟑𝟕− 𝟐𝟎𝟓
tstat = 𝑺 == 𝟏𝟔.𝟑𝟓 = 1.68 < 1.7709 → H0 diterima
√𝒏 √𝟏𝟒

p value = 0.1155 > α = 0.1 → H0 diterima

Null Hypothesis µ 205
Level of Significance 0.1
Sample size 14
Sample mean 212.37
Sample standard deviation 16.35

Std error of mean 4.369721305

Degrees of freedom 13
t test statistic 1.686606418

Lower critical value -1.7709334

Upper critical value 1.770933396
p value 0.115513469
Do not reject the null hypothesis
b. H0: µ ≤ 205 versus H1: µ > 205
α = 0.1
df = 14 – 1 = 13 → critical value 1.3502
jika tstat < 1.3502 maka H0 ditolak
̅− 𝝁
𝑿 𝟐𝟏𝟐.𝟑𝟕− 𝟐𝟎𝟓
tstat = 𝑺 == 𝟏𝟔.𝟑𝟓 = 1.68 > 1.3502 → H0 diterima
√𝒏 √𝟏𝟒

p value = 0.9422 > 0.1 → H0 diterima

Null Hypothesis µ 205
Level of Significance 0.1
Sample size 14
Sample mean 212.37
Sample standard deviation 16.35

Std error of mean 4.369721305

Degrees of freedom 13
t test statistic 1.686606418

Upper critical value 1.350171289

p value 0.942243265
Do not reject the null hypothesis
4. A cellphone provider wants to determine the proportion of subscribers who would
upgrade to a new cellphone with improved features if it were made available at a
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substantially reduced cost. Data are collected from a random sample of 500 subscribers.
The results indicate that 135 of the subscribers would upgrade to a new cellphone at a
reduced cost. At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence that more than 20% of
the customers would upgrade to a new cellphone at a reduced cost?
X = 135
n = 500
p = x/n = 135/500 = 0.27
α = 0.05
H0 : π = 0.2
H1: π ≠ 0.2
Jika zstat < -1.96 atau zstat > 1.96 → H0 ditolak
𝒙−𝒏𝝅 𝟏𝟑𝟓−𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐱 𝟎.𝟐 𝟑𝟓
Zstat = = = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐 = 3.91 > 1.96 atau 3.91 > -1.96 maka H0 ditolak.
√𝒏𝝅 (𝟏−𝝅) √𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐱 𝟎.𝟐 (𝟏−𝟎.𝟐)

Hal ini berarti terdapat bukti bahwa lebih dari 20% customer melakukan upgrade
telepon baru dengan biaya yang murah.

Null Hypothesis µ 0.2

Level of significance 0.05
Number of item interest 135
Sample size 500

Sample proportion 0.27

Std error 0.017888544
z test statistic 3.913118961

Lower critical value -1.959963985

Upper critical value 1.959963985
p value 0.00
Reject the null hypothesis