9

MUSIC AND ARTS

Quarter 2 – Module
Week 1-4

MUSIC OF THE
CLASSICAL PERIOD

ARTS OF THE
RENAISSANCE AND
BAROQUE PERIOD

1
Music and Arts – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module: Music of the Classical Period
Arts of the Renaissance and Baroque Period
Week 1-4
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Pamela Rose s. Sumera / Rina Carabeo
Editor: Noe Morgado
Reviewers: Dr. Fatima T. Yusingbo
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:,MAPEH Department

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

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 Introductory Message

This module will help you understand and explore another period in the
history of music.

The second quarter is simply the most recognized music of the young
people. When you asked about what music of the past can you recognized,
almost all would answer Classical Music! Do you agree?

Classical Music is one of the most influential era in the history of music.
Although considered as the shortest era in the history of music, lasted for about 70
years from 1750 to 1820.

It was also known as the Age of Enlightenment or Age of Reason because the
leaders wanted a new perspective in life for all the people. Music and Arts should
be about beauty and entertainment. And instrumental music became more popular
as seen in the music of Beethoven, Haydn and Mozart.

BEETHOVEN: Worlds 1st Rockstar !!!!

Image taken from mentalfloss.com by Byron Eggenschwiler from an article entitled Beethoven : how the World first rock star
change the music forever by Lucas Reilly, December 1, 2016.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

 9
MUSIC
Quarter 2 – Module
Week – 1-2
Music of the Classical
Period
 Lesson

1 MUSIC OF THE
CLASSICAL
PERIOD

What’s In

Can you give a word to describe the music of the Medieval, the
Renaissance and the Baroque Period?

Understanding the musical elements present in each period of the

history of music is the most basic thing to learn in order for us to appreciate
what the period offers in the field of music.

What’s New

The classical period music can really be the best period of the
recorded evidences of how wonderfully the music was composed by our
great musicians. As we all know most of the songs were taught through oral
tradition in the past eras but up until the Baroque period; music started to
flourished but still mostly religious in nature.

The music is indeed simple as what the composers wanted it; but
sounded as elegant, sophisticated and aristocratic as Instrumental music was
patronized primarily by the nobility. For most people, it is described simply
as the Western Art Music.

5
 photo taken from Mozart.com where the young Mozart is found performing in front of the nobles
and the Empress Ma. Theresa of Austria.

What Is It

Classical period music can be described as a

balanced music. You can hear the melody and the
accompaniment at the same time that is why we can Homophonic texture is
say that it’s homophonic in texture. But when there
are more melodies heard, there is already a based primarily on chords.

counterpoint.

Although there is elegance in

Crescendo ( < ) music, it doesn’t stay that way
-gradual increase of loudness
throughout the composition as it
changes in mood frequently.
of music
Listen to Mozart’s Symphony No. 40
Diminuendo/ Descrescendo (>)

-gradual decrease of https://bit.ly/2VrsN7n

loudness

of music

Instrumental songs were given much importance during this era. Most of
the composers came from Vienna Austria that is why it is also called as the
Viennese Classics. Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, Salieri and Schubert were
among them.

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During this time, concerto, sonata, and symphony were given a more
specific rules. This era introduced a new form in composition called Sonata –
Allegro. It is a form (formula) named for the First Movement(part) of every
work in the Classical Period Music.

The Sonata-Allegro form is similar

The Sonata-Allegro Form has 3
Sections : Exposition - the first
part of a composition in sonata
form that introduces the theme
Development - the middle part of
the sonata-allegro form wherein
themes are being developed
Recapitulation - repeats the
theme as they first emerge in
the opening exposition.
to the pattern of a short story as
shown below. This enables the
listeners to know when the next
section of music would begin and
when there would be a change in the
direction of the music. Mozart’s
“Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is one good
example.

Listen to Eine Kleine Nachtmusik by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : https://bit.ly/2WZsYaj

Classical Period Musical Art Forms

Chamber Music….Photo taken from clipartpanda.com

For the first time in the history of music, instrumental

music became more important than vocal music. The
orchestra and chamber groups, such as the string
quartet, trio, and quintet, and the piano trio became
standardized.

SONATA
A multi-movement work for solo instrument,
Sonata came from the word “Sonare” which means to
make sound.
Listen to Mozart’s Sonata No.16 in C Major. https://bit.ly/3nc4uG5
What solo instrument is this sonata? ______________

CONCERTO

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 Concerto is a multi-movement work designed for an
Instrumental soloist and orchestra. It is intended primarily to
emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument and to exhibit
the virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the performer.
Listen to Beethoven’s Emperor’s Concerto : https://bit.ly/3E1XKk8
The performance is a concerto for ____________ and ____________.

SYMPHONY
A multi-movement work for orchestra,
the symphony is derived from the word “Sinfonia”
which literally means “a harmonious sounding
together”. It is a Classical music for the
whole orchestra: and generally in four movements.
Listen to Haydn’s Surprise Symphony : https://bit.ly/3nfBWvb

What instruments can you hear? ______________________

The Classical orchestra came to consist of strings

(first and second violins, violas, violoncellos, and double basses), two flutes,

two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two or four horns, two trumpets,

and two timpani.

Another term for instrumental music is called Alberti Bass. A technique used during the
Classical era that uses broken chords as accompaniment. It is first used frequently by a
composer named Domenico Alberti (c1710–1746).

One of the highlights of the inventions of the musical instrument is the Pianoforte.

8
 Vocal music through opera had also a taste of the “Age of Enlightenment”. Musical
forms became less elaborate together with vocal display; and plots were more realistic.
Melodies were easy to learn because of diatonic chord progression

C Major Diatonic Scale

The word ‘diatonic’ simply
means ‘within a key’, so a
diatonic chord progression is a
set of chords made up of notes
from within a key signature.

Listen to an example of a diatonic harmony is Mozart’s Piano Sonata No. 11, K331 in A
Major, 1st mov. (Andante grazioso) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dP9KWQ8hAYk

The Age of Enlightenment in other ART Forms

PAINTING
Like its music in the Classical period,
Aside from the
the art in this era, also known as the
subject matter
Neoclassicism, usually refers to the drawing inspiration
imitation of the art of classical antiquity from Greek culture,
(c.1000 BCE - 450 CE) notably the the physical
imitation characteristics are
traditionally
of "Greek art" and "Roman Art".
classical: beauty,
harmony, balance,
and line.

This essay is a discussion of what good critics should do; however, in reading it one
gleans much wisdom on the qualities poets should strive for in their own work.

9
 LITERATURE
The English Neoclassical movement,
embodied a group of attitudes toward
art and human existence — ideals of
order, logic, restraint, accuracy, decorum,
and so on, which enable the practitioners
of various arts to imitate or reproduce
the structures and themes of Greek or
Roman originals.

What’s More

Here are some famous musical artists of the Classical Period Music.
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732 – 1809)

He was named, “Father of the Symphony” although he excelled in every

music genre of the period.
Famous Works:
1. Symphony No.94 in G Major "Surprise”
Image taken from Haydn Seek.com
2. Symphony No. 101 in D major, “The Clock”
3. Symphony No. 100 in G major, “Military”

Haydn's sense of humor and cheek is well-known, so it's no surprise that it made
it into many of his pieces too.

His string quartet in E flat (subtitled 'The Joke') is a great example - there are
false endings to try and catch the audience out.

10
 WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791)
He is a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical
history. He was also dubbed as the ultimate Classical Opera
Composer; known for his fast, bold, funny yet stunning music.

Famous Works:
1. Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik)
2. The Magic Flute “Queen of the Night Aria”
Images taken from
goog.com

While visiting the Vatican, Mozart heard Gregorio Allegri’s Miserere

performed in the Sistine Chapel. He was able to write out the entire score
from memory. Previously, the music had not been reproduced outside the
Vatican.

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827)

He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the
early Romantic era. He started going deaf at 26. And known to
many as the World’s 1st Rock Star because of his greatest music
hits.
Famous Works:
1. Piano Sonata no 14 in c sharp minor (Moonlight)
1st mov.
2. Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, C Minor
3.Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, d minor “Choral”(Ode to
Joy

So how did he still compose music despite his deafness? Beethoven's

housekeepers remembered that, as his hearing got worse, he would sit at
the piano, put a pencil in his mouth, touching the other end of it to the
soundboard of the instrument, to feel the vibration of the note.

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 Lesson

2 VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF

THE MEDIEVAL, RENAISSANCE AND
BAROQUE PERIOD

What’s In

Let’s Groove with Beethoven!

Is Classical Period Music fun? Can you perform the music of Haydn?
Or Mozart? What about Beethoven? Would you like to try?

Watch this video : https://bit.ly/3jVQhep. Isn’t is fun? So let’s groove and move it!

●
What’s New

Get to Know Your Vocal Range

Voice classification is a tool for singers, composers, venues, and listeners to
categorize vocal properties and to associate roles with voices.
Here are the common Opera voice types:

SOPRANO For females, the highest voice
type is the soprano. In operatic
drama, the soprano is almost
always the heroine because
she projects innocence and
youth
TENOR For males, the tenor is generally
considered to be the highest
male voice in an opera, and is
most often the hero or the love
interest of the story.

Ariadne Auf Naxos

Rodolfo in La Boheme
https://www.youtube.com/wat

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 ch?v=xM9B-z53BBk https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=OkHGUaB1Bs8

MEZZO-SOPRANO The mezzo-soprano has a COUNTERTENOR A countertenor is able to sing

lower range than the soprano. even higher than a tenor. This
Many mezzo-sopranos sing the voice actually falls within a
so-called "trouser" roles, female's voice range.
portraying young boys or men.
They can also be the
villainesses or motherly types.
Gypsy Carmen Andreas Scholl
https://www.youtube.com/wat https://www.youtube.com/w
ch?v=Gd0FNpiBDyA atch?v=N7XH-58eB8c

CONTRALTO/
ALTO
Maria Anderson’s Ave Maria
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=GksRp42s3S8
The contralto or alto is the
lowest female voice and the
darkest in timbre. ince this is
such a rare voice type, dramatic
mezzos often sing roles in this
range.
BARITONE A baritone is the most common
type of male voice whose range
lies midway between the high
tenor voice and the low bass
voice. In comedic operas, he is
often the leader of the funny
business, but he can also be the
hero, who sacrifices himself for
Toreador Escamillo in
Carmen the tenor or soprano, or the
villain
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=CoV2YOjFowY

What Is It

Although instrumental music is given much importance in the Classical period, Vocal
music still exist.
Opera
A drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting.
The two distinct styles of opera are Opera Seria and Opera Buffa; developed during the
Classical Period

There are two kinds of opera in the Classical period:

● Opera Seria (Serious Opera)

● Opera Buffa (Comic Opera)

An “Idomeneo” opera performance.

13
Photo taken from the Chicago
Tribun(https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/
music/howard-reich/ct-ent-lyric-idomeneo-review-1020-
story.html)
 The Opera Seria (serious opera) usually implies a heroic or tragic drama that
employs mythological characters, which was inherited from the Baroque period. The
number of characters is limited. It is patronized by the court and the nobility as only high
voices were used the star singers were often castrati (male singers who were castrated
before puberty to maintain their high voice range).

Modern science proves castration The castrato voice was introduced in

restricts the formation of testosterone
in the male body and allows the male
voice to grow about 63 percent longer
than before the procedure.
the 16th century, when women were
banned from church choirs and the
stage. It reached its greatest
prominence in 17th- and 18th-century
opera.

The Opera Buffa (comic opera) from Italy made use of everyday characters and
situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight
gags, naughty humor and social satire.

A “Marriage of Figaro” opera performance.

Photo taken from Classicfm.com

(https://www.classicfm.com/composers/mozart/g
uides/marriage-figaro-synopsis-guide/cherubino/)

Examples of Opera Buffa:

1. “The Marriage of Figaro” by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
2. “Queen of The Night” (an aria from “The Magic Flute”)by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
3. “Don Giovani” by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Listen to Mozarts’ Queen of the Night from the Opera, The Magic Flute :
https://bit.ly/3zPlRA0.

What do you think is the vocal range of the singer? __________________________

In the early 18th century, comic operas often
appeared as short, one-act interludes known as
14acts of
intermezzi that were performed in between
opera seria. These gave way to the full-fledged
opera buffa later in the 18th century.
It was, in part, intended as a genre that
the common man could relate to more
easily. Opera buffa was made for and
depicted common people with more
common problems.
 Proper Breathing
Breathing well will support your voice. Singing when there's no
breath left is a common way of tiring your voice. Follow the steps
below to help improve your breathing.
1. Breathe deeply from your lower lungs - imagine a rubber ring around your waist
(your diaphragm)
2. Breathe in and try to push the ring outwards.
3. Breathe in through your nose and out through your nose and mouth.
4. Avoid raising your shoulders as you breathe in - keep them relaxed and level.
5. Relax! Tension will prevent you from making a good sound.

Awareness of Resonance
Resonance is “the quality in a sound of being deep,
full, and reverberating” and awareness of resonance
is simply getting to know where the voice resonates
naturally throughout the range of your voice.

Your resonating chambers—your cartilage, teeth,

nasal cavities, and bones—are all over your body.
Your voice does not resonate in the audience. It
resonates in your body which in turn amplifies your
sound.

What’s More

The pianoforte, more commonly called the piano,

became, by the last quarter of the eighteenth
century, a leading instrument of Western art music.
The first true piano was invented almost entirely by
one man—Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of
Padua

15
HOW TO IMPROVISE PIANO ACCOMPANIMENT?

What is a “chord”?
A chord is the layering of several tones played simultaneously - usually built on
superposed thirds. Chords are defined by their root note and their quality (major, minor, 7,
etc) - and eventually by their inversion.
How to Use Chords in Piano

A triad is a chord
made of three notes. It
consists of a root and
the third and fifth
above it

Download a piano app in your phones so you can try playing in the piano
-Virtuoso Piano Free 3 -Perfect Piano
-The Piano Keyboard - Piano

A Major and minor chords are the most basic chords that one can play on piano. To
form a major chord you use the root, third and fifth of the major scale. To form a minor
chord you use the root, flat third and fifth of the major scale.

“Ode to Joy” is a known poem that used the theme of Beethoven’s Symphony no. 9
“Choral”. Listen to the music and make your own accompaniment using any improvised
musical instrument available at home.
Listen to the link : https://bit.ly/3DXuICh.
You may try to play the notes on the piece below and enjoy Beethoven’s compositions.

16
Let’s see how well did you understand our journey to the Classical Period Music.

Name a Music or a Song that you enjoyed listening to in the Classical

Period and describe it using the elements of music?

Reference:
● Grade 9 Music and Arts Learning Materials , Department of Education, Republic of
the Philippines
● Grade 9 Music and Arts Teacher’s Guide , Department of Education, Republic of the
Philippines
● Most Essential Learning Competencies with CG Codes/Suggested LR’s
● Learning Activity Worksheets for Music Grade 9

17
Readings :

● Britannica.com
● Classicfm.com
● Courses.lumenlearning.com
Images :

● Google images
Videos:

● Youtube.com
Vocals

● https://www.depednegor.net/uploads/8/3/5/2/8352879/music_9_lm_draft_4.7.2014.pdf
● https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/2012/02/29/147638290/talk-like-an-opera-geek-the-age-of-
serious-opera
● https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-opera-opera-buffa-vs-seria-wagnerian-vs-
mozart.html#:~:text=Opera%20seria%20is%20characterized%20by,feature%20subjects%20of%20daily%20life.
● https://www.schmopera.com/shades-of-opera-how-to-tell-your-buffo-from-your-bel-canto/
● https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-epcc-musicappreciation/chapter/opera-buffa/
● Scriven, M. (1991). Evaluation thesaurus. Fourth edition. Newbury Park : Sage.
● http://clipart-library.co
● https://www.depednegor.net/uploads/8/3/5/2/8352879/music_9_lm_draft_4.7.20
14.pdf
● http://www1.lasalle.edu/~reese/SA_form.htm
● https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicappreciation_with_theory/chapter/the-classical-sonata/
● https://www.depednegor.net/uploads/8/3/5/2/8352879/music_9_lm_draft_4.7.2014.pdf
● https://theviolinchannel.com/violinist-emily-sun-philip-shovk-faure-violin-sonata-1-a-major-2018/
● https://www.britannica.com/art/instrumentation-music/The-Classical-period
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LP3aUTTnCuA
● http://clipart-library.com
● https://www.earmaster.com/wiki/music-memos/what-are-chords-in-music.html
● https://www.piano-keyboard-guide.com/basic-piano-chords.html
● https://www.depednegor.net/uploads/8/3/5/2/8352879/music_9_lm_draft_4.7.2014.pdf
● https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicapp_historical/chapter/f-j-haydn/
● https://slideplayer.com/slide/6839678/
● https://www.naxos.com/education/brief_history.asp
● https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/periods-genres/classical/classical-music-beginners-guide/
● https://www.classicfm.com/composers/haydn/pictures/haydn-facts-great-composer/string-quartet-haydn-joke/
● https://www.biographyonline.net/music/facts-mozart.html
● https://www.classicfm.com/composers/beethoven/guides/deaf-hearing-loss-composing/
● appbitly.com

18
 9
ARTS
Quarter 2 – Module
Week 3-4
Arts of the Renaissance
and Baroque Periods

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

19
 Lesson

1
Renaissance and Baroque Art Periods

What’s In

Arts of the Renaissance period covers artworks produced during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries
in Europe.
The arts of the Baroque period are more elaborate and fuller of emotion. They developed in
Europe around the 1600’s.

What’s New

Introduction to Renaissance Period (1400-1600)

Renaissance art was characterized by accurate anatomy, scientific perspective, and deeper
landscape. It was a period of artistic experimentation. Renaissance held up the ideal of the well-rounded
man, knowledgeable in a number of fields such as philosophy, science, arts, including painting and
music – and who applies his knowledge to productive and creative activity.
Baroque Art Period (1600-1800)
Baroque was a period of artistic styles in exaggerated motion, drama, tension, and grandeur. Baroque
art above all reflects the tensions of the age notably the desire of the Catholic Church in Rome to
reassert itself in the wake of the protestant Reformation which is almost the same with Catholic
Reformation Art of the period.

What is It
Renaissance was the first period in Western art history to name itself, for its time and posterity. It came
from the word “renaitre”, meaning rebirth. Renaissance painters depicted real-life figures and their
sculptures were naturalistic portraits of human beings. Da Vinci, Raphael, Donatello, and Michelangelo
are the notable artists on this era.

Baroque art is full of emotion, energy, and movement. It came from the Potuguese word “barocco”
means irregularly shape pearl or stone. The artwork on this period is more elaborate and fuller of
emotions. Baroque favored ornamentation, as rich and complex as possible. This was highly encouraged
by the Catholic Church to propagate its dogma. Caravaggio, Rubens, Velasquez, Rembrandt, and
Bernini are the notable artists on this era.

20
This period encouraged artists to express themselves in grand and beautiful artworks. This was also the
period of artistic experimentation and it brought man into a full view just like the human figure in Greek
Art. The common subject matter of the Renaissance period is religious with ancient Greek and Roman
mythology.
A period of artistic expression characterized by extravagant forms and forceful dynamic actions. During
the Baroque period, artists are commissioned by the church to create artworks that were used for the
church decoration and iconography

Lesson
Characteristics and the Iconic
2 Artists of the Renaissance and
Baroque Art Period

What’s In

In the previous lesson, we studied the brief introduction of the Renaissance and
Baroque period.

What’s New

Renaissance Period (1400-1600)

The Renaissance brought a revolution in the world of art, which is clear break with the immediate past,
nearly everything about art changed, and changed quickly – such as the types of work being made, the
way works of art looked, the materials used, the role of the artists, the identities and influence of
patrons, and the artistic precedents that served as inspiration. Artists studied human anatomy for
correct proportion. It also gave significance to individual personality, uniqueness, genius, and artists of
the period sought to create artworks that are realistic.
They use “contrapposto” or counter pose in Italian wherein the human figure weight is place on one foot
while the shoulders and arms twist from the hips and legs.

Baroque Period (1600-1800) Baroque existed in varying degrees of intensity, from a simple animated
movement of lines and surfaces to a rich and dynamic wealth. This period is exaggerated motion,
tension, grandeur, and drama. Its painting is illustrated key elements of Catholic dogma while its
gestures are broader than mannerist gestures: less arcane, less ambiguous, and mysterious. Sculpture,
typically larger than life size, is marked by similar sense of dynamic movement, typically larger than life
size and they are active uses of space. Baroque Architecture was designed to create illusion and
21
spectacle.

What is It

Renaissance and Baroque Artists

Renaissance and Baroque Artists:

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564)

- an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. Considered
as the best artist of his time and greatest artists of all time.
He also created two of the most influential works in fresco in
the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the
ceiling and the Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine
Chapel in Rome. He had established his reputation as a
sculptor at the age of 25

Leonardo di ser Piero Da Vinci (1452- 1519)- a painter,

sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer, and draftsman
— the epitome of a true Renaissance man. Gifted with a
curious mind and a brilliant intellect. Leonardo da Vinci was a
Renaissance artist and engineer, known for paintings like
"The Last Supper" and "Mona Lisa,” and for inventions like a
flying machine.

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Raphael) (1483-1520)- an

italian painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance.
Raphael is best known for his Madonna’s and for his large
figure compositions in the Vatican. His work is admired for its
clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual
achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.
His most famous artwork was “The Sistine Madonna”, “The
Transfiguration” and “The School of Athens”.

Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi (Donatello) (1386- 1466)- an

Italian sculptor during the Renaissance. He lived in Florence. He
worked in stone, bronze, wood, clay, and wax with several
assistants. His work was inspired by ancient sculpture. He was the
first sculptor of his time to celebrate the human body, an idea that
had died out after Greek and Roman times. His life-size statue of
22
David is his best-known work. The David is the first known
freestanding nude statue made since antiquity.

Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi da Caravaggio (1571- 1610) –

greatest naturalistic Italian painter. His paintings combine a realistic
observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a
dramatic use of lighting, which had a formative influence on Baroque
painting. One of his famous paintings is the Conversion of St. Paul.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680) - an Italian sculptor and

architect who worked principally in Rome. He was the leading
sculptor of his age and a prominent architect. A great student of
classical art, he is credited with being a leading figure in creating the
Baroque style of sculpture. One of Bernini’s greatest works is the
Ecstasy of St Therese in the Cornaro Chapel. Its endeavors to
capture a mystical experience of pure joy. The work was inspired by
St Therese’s own description of her religious experience.

Peter Paul Rubens (1577- 1640) – a Flemish painter who was the
greatest exponent of Baroque painting’s dynamism, vitality, and
sensuous exuberance. Rubens is perhaps best known for his
religious and mythological compositions. His powers of invention
were matched by extraordinary energy and versatility. His
commissioned works were mostly religious subjects, history
paintings of magical creatures, and hunt scenes that includes
Portrait.

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606- 1669) - a Dutch Golden

Age painter of light and shade and as an artist who favored an
uncompromising realism that would lead some critics to claim that
he preferred ugliness to beauty. Early in his career and for some
time, Rembrandt painted mainly portraits. Although he continued to
paint—and etch and, occasionally, draw— portraits throughout his
career, he did so less frequently over time.

Diego Velasquez (1599- 1660) – a Spanish painter, the leading

artist in the court of King Philip IV and of the Spanish Golden Age.
His famous works were Las Meninas, Los Barachos and Maria
Theresa.

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 What I Have Learned

There are different artists from different periods which contributed a lot during their times that made them
flourish all over the world.

Baroque aims to give an effect that wants to carry the viewers away with the force of its impact. It gives
not a generally enhanced vitality, but excitement, ecstasy, and intoxication. Its impact was intended to be
momentary, while that of the Renaissance was slower but more enduring, making the viewers want to
linger forever in a presence.

Lesson

3
Functions of Art during Renaissance and
Baroque Periods

What’s In

Before we derived with the meaning of an artworks, we should understand and evaluate the
characteristics, elements and principles used in an artwork.

• Classism – the artists, architects and sculptors studied the art of Ancient Greece and Rome and
incorporated elements of these civilizations.

Mythological themes

Proportion (Idealized beauty)

Classical architecture elements (columns, semicircular arches) and techniques (symmetry, proportion,
and simplicity)

• Emphasis on human figure – Artists rediscovered the beauty of nature and the human body,
expressing the optimism of this new age. Beauty is achieved by proportion and symmetry. The human
figure became important

• Realism and expression – It involve several techniques that make the subjects and background look
like they would in real life. One of the big changes in art was to paint and sculpt subject realistically. This
also meant giving the subjects more emotional qualities, more expressions.

• Perspective – drawing or painting a picture such that it looks like there three dimensions. It gives the
illusion that some objects in the painting are further away than others.

• Light and Shade – Renaissance painters used light and shade to:

1. Add perspective and make it more realistic. Help viewer picture the shape of objects and to imagine
what the objects feels like.

2. Depicts emotions (cheerfulness of a bright day, darkness of a sad day. . .)

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3. Some artists used a strong contrast of light and shade. The technique is called “chiaroscuro”.
However, it will reach its peak in the Baroque.

What’s New
Here are a few of the most important techniques and materials that were
available to them:

1. Fresco

done when pigments are mixed with water and applied to wet plaster.
The pigments are absorbed into the wall as it dries, making the painting
and the wall become one. The benefit of a fresco is durability; since the
painting has become part of the wall, it does not wear in the same way
that a painting does if pigments are applied topically. A major
disadvantage is that because the artist works with wet plaster, he needs
to work quickly before it dries. Also, colors tend to be opaque, and the
finish has a matte appearance.

2. Tempera

created when pigment is mixed with egg to produce a durable paint. The
types of colors that painters could achieve with tempera was limited, but
it was the medium of choice for most artists working in Italy until the
late fifteenth century, when oil paints were adopted

3. Oil

Oil paints were widely adopted in Northern Europe in the first half of the fifteenth
century, and they did not become popular in Italy until late in the century. Oil is
slow drying, making it easy to make modifications while it dries. Unlike fresco
painting, oil painting allowed artists to create translucent effects because oil
could be applied lightly as a glaze. Oil paints also offered artists the ability to
paint with a greater variety of colors that they could with other paint types, which
allowed them to depict the human figure, architecture, and the natural
environment in more and more realistic visual terms.

The renaissance and baroque arts have their distinct functions along with
the use of the principles and elements of arts.

The Last Supper created by Leonardo di ser Piero Da Vinci intends to depict Christ with the disciples
where there is symmetrical balance of the subjects and background. It was the most reproduce religious
painting of all time.
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Pieta is a sculpture of Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni. It shows proportions of the body
segments and the line of carves of the clothing. This is a religious function of sculpture. The portrayal of
pain had always been connected with the idea of redemption as represented by the seated Madonna
holding Christ’s body in her arms

The “Las Meninas” by Diego Velasquez serves a political function of this art in which the
daughter of the Queen, Margaret Theresa is the main emphasis of the painting.

The baroque period architectural design of the interior house is known to be adorn with
artistic carved figures and forms.

What is I

Functions of Art in Renaissance and Baroque Periods.

The most noticeable function of art during the Renaissance period was the religious function. It is evident
in the paintings of the famous artists whose subjects of artworks depict the biblical event or idea. The
Pope of the church during the time, commissioned the artists to paint out biblical teachings because a
printed bible during the time was expensive.

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Another art function was the physical and personal function. Artists tend to portray a painting to figure out
simplicity and hidden story about woman. One of the examples is the Mona Lisa, where there is unity
among the art elements.

Art also played an important role in the society, it did not only portray the role of philosophical
thought in the society but also it revealed social issues, thus, art played a social function, like the
School of Athens by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino. Depicts a sense of balance

Political function is inevitable in all art endeavors. The emperors commissioned the artists to portray
their predecessors’ greatness or even while they are still alive like the portray of King Louis XVI

The art also played an important role in the economic life of the people. One of its artworks is the coin
money that signifies a value. The relief art on the is evidence of an economic function of art. where the
shape and its texture implied something.

What I Have Learned

There is different function of art in the Renaissance and Baroque period. Try to list down
what you have learned for the day.

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 Lesson
Techniques, Styles and Influences of

4 Renaissance and Baroque Period

What’s In

In the Renaissance period, the painting follows the technique called SFUMATO (from Italian word
sfumare, “to tone down” or to evaporate like smoke”) It isa painting technique for softening the transition
between colors, mimicking an area beyond what the human eye is focusing on, or the out-of-focus plane.
It was commonly used by Leonardo da Vinci, which made subtle gradations, without lines or borders
from light to dark areas. The frescoes and oil technique were used for highly illusionistic rendering of
facial features and for atmospheric effects. Example is Self Portrait by Leonardo da Vinci. It uses
extremely fine, soft shading instead of line to delineate forms and features.

CHIAROSCURO (from Italian chiaro, “light” and scuro, “dark”), technique employed in the visual arts to
represent and shadow as they define three dimensional objects. An effect of contrasted light and shadow
created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something.

The Renaissance period sculpture uses marble to carve a contrapposto (Italian word means opposite)
style where the position of the segments may somehow lean to one side (weight-shifted) whereas the
baroque period depicts a dynamic position in which the body segments express movement.

What’s New

The tradition of art from Renaissance and Baroque period played a significant role in the
preservation of cultural heritage of a certain nation. The Western tradition of art carried its classical
genre unto the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods that eventually breaks the border of
every nation like Philippines.

The dome as an architectural tradition of the Florence Cathedral during the Renaissance period has its
influence not only in St. Peters Basilica but also in the Philippine Cathedrals.

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The Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata by Donatello is a sculpture of prominent person
that until in the Philippines, monument like it is also evident.

The painting of Rafaello which is the “La Velata” (1515) is another art of the Renaissance
period which has also a greater influence on the Filipino artist. human as the subject is
also common among the Filipino Paintings.

What is It

In the Philippines, not only Catholic Cathedrals uses dome designs, but we have government offices,
houses, and entertainment places too. The Philippine Coal Therma South (A) has its dome design and
the Dome Houses at Camotes Island. (B) are concrete evidence of influences of Renaissance and
Baroque

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If the Renaissance has La Velata, the Filipino has Fernando Amorsolo’s a Portrait of a Lady. The
technique of portrait had been influenced by Renaissance artists.

The Bonifacio Monument was sculpted by Guillermo Tolentino that its style has somehow influence
of the Renaissance period.

One of the Philippine Churches built during the Baroque Period was the San Agustin Church of
Paoay, Ilocos Norte. The architectural design of it is highlighted by its enormous buttresse

What I Have Learned

Share with your classmates or teacher about the influences of the Renaissance and Baroque
art to Philippine art. Write at least five sentences about your learnings for the day.
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References:
Grade 9 Arts LM 4.pdf
HORIZONS Grade 9 Learner’s Materials Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos Raul M.
Sunico, Ph.D. Evelyn F. Cabanban Melissa Y. Moran

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