Francisco de Goya Y LUCIENTES (1746 - 1828)

FRANCISCO DE GOYA Y
LUCIENTES (1746 – 1828)

INTRODUCTION
 Considered one of the most extraordinary painters of universal Art History.
 Despite he lived mostly during the 18th Century (1746 – 1828), his most personal &
innovative artistic achievements correspond to the 19th Century.
 HISTORICAL CONTEXT:
 Enlightened despotism (Carlos III, Carlos IV)
 Napoleon’s invasion
 War of Independence
 Absolutist restoration (Fernando VII)
He was the artist that best represented the turbulent historical period that Spain
underwent at the beginning of the 19th century.
 Despite Goya lived in the Neoclassical period, his paintings can’t be considered
neoclassical. He was a unique genius. The originality & innovative character of his
paintings makes it impossible to classify Goya under any specific artistic style.
Goya marks the transition between an antique aesthetic (Gothic, Renaissance,
Baroque…) & the revolutionary aesthetic of contemporary art.  Goya is considered
a FOREFATHER OF CONTEMPORARY ART (IMPRESSIONISM,
EXPRESSIONISM…).
GOYA ANTICIPATED SEVERAL CONTEMPORARY
ARTISTIC MOVEMENTS
Romanticism Impressionism
Expressionism Surrealism
1st STAGE (until 1792)
 Frescoes in the basilica “Nuestra Señora del Pilar”

(Zaragoza)
 Tapestry cartoon painter at the Royal Tapestry
Factory (Madrid)
These works gained him prestige, and he became

court painter of Carlos IV in 1789.
FIRST WORKS
Fresco de la Basílica de
Nuestra Señora del Pilar
(Zaragoza)
FIRST WORKS
Aníbal vencedor contempla por primera vez Italia desde los Alpes
(Aníbal cruzando los Alpes)
FIRST WORKS
Pinturas de la Cartuja de Aula Dei (Zaragoza)

Cartoons for tapestries
El Quitasol
 Popular & happy themes

 Bright colours
Las floreras
El cacharrero
La gallina ciega
El Pelele
2st STAGE: 1792 - 1814
 When Goya became court painter of Carlos IV (1789)

he began painting magnificent portraits of:
 the royal family
 nobles
 He then became deaf (1792) due to a serious

disease. This event changed his character & mood,
and his paintings became more dramatic & original.
 Engravings “Los Caprichos”
 Paintings of the War of Independence
 Engravings “The Disasters of the War”
PORTRAITS • Loose brushstrokes
• Preoccupation with light
• Psychological penetration of the figures
Carlos IV Retrato ecuestre de Carlos IV

La familia de Carlos IV (1800)
Condesa de Chinchón Duques de Osuna

Duquesa de Alba
Francisco Bayeau Jovellanos

Majas en el balcón
La maja desnuda
(1790-1800)
La maja vestida
(1802-05)
Autorreratos
GOYA’S PERSONAL CRISIS (1792): his paintings became more
dramatic & original.
Asalto de ladrones Incendio, fuego de noche

Naufragio El aquelarre
Engravings • Satire of the society of his time
“Los Caprichos” • Anicipates Surrealism
El sueño de la razón produce monstruos Hasta la muerte

(grabado n.º 43 de Los Caprichos, 1799) (grabado n.º 55 de Los Caprichos, 1799)
Engravings • Satire of the society of his time
“Los Caprichos” • Anticipates Surrealism
Que viene el coco Devota profesión

(grabado n.º 3 de Los Caprichos, 1799) (grabado n.º 70 de Los Caprichos, 1799)
Paintings that showed the brutaility of the Independence War
El dos de Mayo de 1808 en Madrid

(La carga de los Mamelucos)
Paintings that showed the brutaility of the Independence War
Los fusilamientos del tres de Mayo de 1808

(Los fusilamientos de Príncipe Pío)
Engravings
“Los Desastres de la Guerra”
3rd STAGE (1814 – 1828)
 1814: After th war, during the restoration of

Absolutism (Fernando VII), sick and deaf Goya
moved to a house next to the Manzanares river
(“La Quinta del Sordo”), and he decorated the
walls with the so-called “Black Paintings”
(Pinturas Negras).
 Later, he exiled to France due to his liberal ideas,

and he regained interest in color, light & beauty.
 The Milkmaid of Bordeaux
The “Black Paintings”
The “Black Paintings” • Black & grey colouring
• Dark subject matter
• Anticipate Expressionism
Saturno devorando a sus hijos

(Saturn devouring his son)
Dos viejos comiendo sopa

El aquelarre (Witches’ Sabbath)
La romería de San Isidro

Engravings “Los Disparates”
1824 - 28: • Regained interest in colour, light & beauty
Exile in Bordeaux • Loose & free brushstrokes  anticipates
Romanticism & Impressionism
(France)
La lechera de Burdeos

Francisco de Goya Y LUCIENTES (1746 - 1828)

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Francisco de Goya Y LUCIENTES (1746 - 1828)

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FRANCISCO DE GOYA Y

LUCIENTES (1746 – 1828)

 Frescoes in the basilica “Nuestra Señora del Pilar”

These works gained him prestige, and he became

Pinturas de la Cartuja de Aula Dei (Zaragoza)

 Popular & happy themes

 When Goya became court painter of Carlos IV (1789)

 He then became deaf (1792) due to a serious

Carlos IV Retrato ecuestre de Carlos IV

Condesa de Chinchón Duques de Osuna

Francisco Bayeau Jovellanos

Asalto de ladrones Incendio, fuego de noche

El sueño de la razón produce monstruos Hasta la muerte

Que viene el coco Devota profesión

El dos de Mayo de 1808 en Madrid

Los fusilamientos del tres de Mayo de 1808

 1814: After th war, during the restoration of

 Later, he exiled to France due to his liberal ideas,

Saturno devorando a sus hijos

Dos viejos comiendo sopa

El aquelarre (Witches’ Sabbath)

La romería de San Isidro

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