Origins

 After the French Revolution of 1789, a significant social change occurred

within a single generation. However, during the course of those agitated
25years, new ideas and attitudes had taken hold in the minds of men
 Neoclassical painting, had given rise to a new but related phenomenon-
emotional intuition. Artists now began to to celebrate the emotional
intuition and perception of the individual(Romanticism). A variety of styles
began to emerge- each shaped by the national characteristics – all falling
under the heading of ‘Romanticism’.
German Romanticism(1800-1850)
 In Germany, they retreated into the world of emotion-
inspired by a yearning for times past, such as the
Medieval era, in which men had lived in harmony with
themselves and the world.
 The inconography of Romantic art includes solitary
figures set in the country side, gazing longingly into the
distance, as well as vanitas motifs such as dead trees
and overgrown ruins symbolizing the transience and
finite nature if life
Hagan and the Rhine Daughters View of the Copper Mill in Vietri
by Moritz Von Schwind by Adrian Ludwig Richter
Spanish Romanticism(1810-30)
 Francisco de Goya (1746-1828)was the undisputed
leader of the Romantic art movement in Spain,
demonstrating a natural flair of works of irrationality,
Imagination, fantasy and terror. He was afflicted by
some serious illness, which left him deaf and caused him
to withdraw
French Romanticism(1815-50)
 French Romantics did not restrict themselves to
landscape and the occasional genre painting, but also
explored the portrait art and history painting like
Napoleon Crossing the Alps by David Jaques Louis
 Another strand of 19th century Romanticism explored by
French artist was Orientalist painting, typically of genre
scenes in North Africa. Among the finest exponents
were academician Jean-Leon Gerome and Maverick
Eugene Delacroix.

Whirling Dervices by Jean-Leon Gerome

 Raft of the Medusa that is painted by Theodore Gericault
was the scandal of the 1820 Paris Salon. No painter until
then had depicted horror so graphically. The impact of
the painting was all the more effective for being based
on a true-life disaster.
 Eugene Delacroix who later became the leader of French
romanticism, painted pictures whose vivid colors and
impetuous brushwork were designed to stimulate the
emotions and stir the soul. His masterpiece in Romantic Style is
Liberty Leading the People
 Romanticism in England(1820-1850)

 The emancipation of colors is particularly characteristics of

the painting of William Turner. For Turne, observation of nature
is merely one element in the realization of his own pictorian
ambition. The mood of is painting is created by less by what
he painted than by how he painted, especially how he
employed color and his paintbrush. Many of his canvases are
painted with rapid slashes.
The Fighting Temeraire
Impact of Romanticism

 The Romantic style of painting stimulated the emergence of

numerous schools, such as: the Barzibon school of plein air
land scapes, the Norwich school of landscape painters; the
Nazarenes, a group of Catholic German and Australian
painters; Symbolism like Arnold Bocklin(1827-1901) and the
Aestheticism movement.
 Greatest Romantic Paintings

Gothic Cathedral By The Water by Karl Fredrich The Hay Wain by John Constable
The Art of Realization
 Realism, sometimes called naturalism, in the arts is generally the attempt to
represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic
conventions, or implausible, exotic, and supernatural elements. Realism has
been prevalent in the arts at many periods, and can be in large part a
matter of technique and training, and the avoidance of stylization.
Characteristics: Genres and Subject
Matter

 The style of Realist paintings spread all to almost all over genres, including
history painting, portraits, genre-painting, and landscapes.

 Favorite subject matter for Realist artist included genre scenes of rural and
urban working class life , scenes of street-life. Cafes and night clubs, as well
as increasing frankness in the treatment of the body, nudity and sensual
subjects
Realist Artists

 Realist artists strongly associated with the 19th Century movement includes
Jean-Francisco Millet, Gustave Courtbelt, Honore Daumier
 Ilya Repin

Bargement on the Volga

 Krestny Khod

Religious Procession
 Edgar Degas

The Absinthe Drinker