]TeStS.

Com
СоЙР!еtе',,,F€Ё,, Кеаd..iпý "Uýе,,оf Engliýh, and :,.., .
и,
]

Listening рареrs
Й,.,lпsЙпt, Йагkiпg о{,Рr:аСt!iе, tеsts ;.,,,
|,,, "

,й.'Practice',testi :
fо|lоф,thе,sаrпё,,fОl..rпаt].аS,,фе ], .,,'

rеаl exam
*aits::sbbw}adi ýr:*s and,
й;,р€'Еýп;1,,,iсоiе
l"ргоgiёssЬГ еаiЬ рагt,lЫф,ехаЙ_,-,
,,и,.Retakelфýý,tо,;,fбg.чg],6п.sРёсific],9xam раrts ]

;:."' :, . ::':.,
.,,:,,,and.'jfi : :

рю{:е..]реrfо,гmап
1
Q12'.::,.__ 11;

Ас€ёss Code, ,,,

tt will
i;i"iГ*J"]pa,,,.t'faiO* tЬ,sllоЙ,йi l L,d,ig,t.аi.фоJе,тй.ýассеýiliОd.Е,СJп,оЯУ.,Ьё,uЗOd@е,
is,ЬООk if
giie you acce's tб,,one сойрне:F:€RеаdЙ&Uвё,аrtфlish,Йd]Lr;tёпЙа.РеpеllФ,:пЫ,lЬСУ
fu p ctivelcOating has],been,scфhedoff, ,, | :":,| 1 - ,-l",1;1i, l

Alreedy using, iTest*ёod,

Juit,,eмelyouг aciess,сбdё .,Ф]l,i
 Collocations: communication; family MUltipIe choice
social networks Present simple and present continUoUS р,8 Pleased to greet you р.10
State VеrЬS р.8 relationships р.7
р,6 Phrasal verbs in сопtехt р.l 0
VеrЬ patterns: -ing and infinitive With/
Without ro р.12

Gapped text
The Galapogos lslands р,20

Multiple matching
Daredevils р.З0
(muсh/mапу, а lot ot some, very few, hardly
апу, апу, по) р.28
Preseni perfect simple present or perfect tilm genres р.34
continuoUS р.32

\1J!tiple choice
'"Й;*;; Phrasal verbs in context р-З9
DeScriptiVe adjectives; екrегг€
: с о-<е,<haye р.ЗВ

l" il;,",;l;:rulpastperfectp40
J О,
" i Subject/object questions р.44
i*-******-'-
i g The consumer
*t*-*"----*--_"*-***",*--
l tuture forms: Going ro, wll/ and present Shops and shopping р.48
эаээеd teХt
-.r.\еr !1 а doy р.52

i; -"
es оп
Deducinq words from соl;а,:
liT

society
society ]

L-*:-l,-
:::::::,::,З!,.,,. .o,,,.o.j t. п ь4
-i:-:*; "_:*:__*_
li:;;;;;йfiErsusqetusedtop.54
*
э .natching
*
t.,_
job р.58; word bu-
_:с
woTkinglives Finding а
Phrasal verbs in conteк р,5:
,:,,t -, ээ с.60
] l ;HжT:;il],1,;yзill',lJЁý;ilr* Prepositional phrases р,6З

Adjectives: prefixes апс s-:,,= vultiple choice

Zero, first and second conditionals р.73 h you see what l see? р.76
unless, otherwise, provided that р.75
Health and fitness р-;2
Dependent preposiilc ij :--a

Animals р,80 Gapped text

Fоrms of the passive р.82 wife\ grееп passlons р.84
phrasal verbs in сспiес:з! |\tly
Causative have р.86
Prepositional phra=s c!r
MUltiple choice
tuture perfect and continuous р.92 i Computers р.9:
lnside the tеепаgе Ьrоlп р.94
l

:_']- M,.,jltiple matching

Arts апd cult-,e
Collocations ,: ..l: Сееоrотiоп р.102
",'--
Attitude аdi:'эS:_-':

Fashion апс;-._э: э--З Gapped text

Adjecive с,зэ, :_'1
'З :nght Club р.l1б
Word buildinэ з.- j
'
-a
Verbs in сэ-:=J: с_-

Multiple matching
Third conditional and wbh р.124 --
12 Science and
discovery
Reporting verbs р.1 28 Research а-a ]--1:эi€,. a,-
i:-- = :
lnspirations p.l22

Linkers: in splre о f, despite, hovyeyer, etc. р,1 З0 Word Ь-' : -:: -i:т,:: э- ]
р.122

Соmmчпirfrim activitb э-,40 Grammar rеfеrепсе р.

Exam information р.4 Support for SpeakingTests р.1 34

contentý
Essay Multiple-choice cloze р.9 Multiple choice Personal queStionS
Communicating with friends р.14 Соmmчпiсаtiоп опd social networks р.7 Routines, likes/dislikes, phrasing
Sequencing ideas р.14 questions р.13

lnformal letter Open cloze р.23 Sentence completion Lonq turn

Catching up with news, informal А пеw imаgе р.18 Comparing photos р.17
expressions р.24

Film review р.34 Word formation р.З3 MUltiple matching Discussion

Lei sU re activ ities р.27 Organising а discussion, involving your
partner, giving opinions р,29

Report Кеу word transformations р.45 MUltiple choice Long turп

ActiVitieS for toUriSts р.46 Му big adventure р.42 Comparing photos, speculating р.41

Essay Multiple-choice cloze р.55 MUltiple choice соllаьоrаtivе task

Why we buy things we don't need р.56 Experiences of shopping р.49 Discussion, decision-making task
Making suggestions р.5 1

9-л collaborative task and discussion

Letter: а job application р,66 Upen cloze p.oJ
DiScuS5ion questionS
lntroductory phra5es р.59

Email: 9iving advice р.78 Multiple matching Long turn

Д good alternative? р,74 Making comparisons
SpecUlating р./0

Article Кеу word transformations р.87 Multiple choice collaborative ta5k

А recent holiday р.88 Апimаl iп5рirоtiопs р.В1 Asking for clarification р,В3

Ореп cloze р.97 Long turn

Fiпdiпg the right word р.9З

Article Multiple-choice cloze р.1 09 Multiple choice: short extracts collaborative task
Writing about а festival р.'| 10 Culturol experiences р.1 06 Discussion questions
Giving opinions, reasons апd
examples р.105

Review Word formation р.1 15 Multiple matching personal information

р.1 12
А challenging present р.l20 А sense of style Question tags р,1 19

Essay Кеу word transformations р.125 MUltiple choice Long turn

Presenting ап argUment, The Big Вапg Fаir р.126 Agreeing and dlsagreeing р.1 29
Linkers: lп spire of, despite, however, е|с,
p.l 30

Writing reference р.'l 60 Phrasal verbs list р.172 lrregular verb families р.175

(ontents
 The Cambridge First Certificate in English is made up of four papers, each testing а different аrеа of ability iп English. Each
рареr is worth 25 percent of the total mark. Тhеrе are five grades. А, В and С are pass grаdеs; D and Е аrе fail grades.

Рареr l: Reading and Usе of English (l hоuг l5 minutes)

Рареr 1 has two sections. The Use of English section has fоur parts (ЗО questions) апd the Reading sectbn Ь йlее рrв (22 questions).
Each part tests different reading skills оr аrеаs of language.

tJse of English
Part 1 Госчs Vocabu laryllexico-9ram matical
Multiple-choice c!oze Task You read а text with eight gaps. You choose the best word to fп iп еаdп Eвр from а choice of four
options (А, В, С or D).

Part 2 Focus Grа m mar/Lexico-9ram matical

Ореп cloze
Task You read а text with eight gaps. You hаvе to think of the mоst аDсrэсrй-iе г.o,rd to fill each gap.
You must use опе word only. No options are provided.

Part 3 Fосчs Vocabu lа rylLexico-9ram matical

word formation
Task You read а text with eight gaps. You are given the stems of the Tllssl.g ,qсrсý iп capitals at the
end9ofthe lines with gaps. You have to change the fоrm ofeach ,rлоrq tc r::ге context.

Part 4 Fосчs Grammar and vocabulary

Кеу word transformations
Task There are six items. You аrе given а sentence and а 'key wordlYou rв€ to cofilplete а second,
gapped 5entence using the key word. The second sentence а Ь diftrmt Eвmrnatical structure
but must have а similar mеапiпg to the original.

Reading
Part 5 Fосчs Detail, орiпiоп, 9iSt, attitude, deducing meaning, text оrgагrisагiоп f-апg Эxemplification,
Multiple-choice questions соmраrisоп, rеfеrепсе), tone, рurроsе and main idea
Task There аrе six four-option multiple-choice questions. You hаче тс choose::le:эl,.,ect option
(А, В, С or D) based on the information in the text.

Part 6 Fосчs Understanding text structure, cohesion and соhеrепсе

Gapped text Task You read а text from which six sentences have Ьееп rеmочеd апd plred iп jumЫеd оrdеr after
the text. Тhеrе is one extra sentence that you do not need to use
Part 7 Focus Specific information, detail, opinion and attitude
Multiple matching Task You read ten questions or statements about а text which has Ьеел dru4ded into sections, оr four to
six short texts, You have to decide which section or teк contains ir,}e iпfопT rаtiоп relating to each
question оr statement.

Paper 2: \ffritiпg {l h<эur 20 minutes}

TheWitinýpqper is divided into two'partl and you havg1o срrпр{е,tе,опе taýkfrom each part Eadl аrыrеrсаrriеs equal,marks, so уоu
should not spend longer оп опе than another
Part ] Focus Content, organising information, thinking about а target reader
Task Part '] is compulsory, and there is по choice of questions. You have to write ап essay based оп given information and
prompts. You have to write 140-1 90 words.

Part 2 Focus Layout, style and register, thinking about а target reader

Task Part 2 has three tasks to choose from. The three options may include апу three of the following:
а letter or email, ап article, а report, а review. You have to write ] 40-] 90 words for Рап 2.

4 Ехаm information
 Рар.еr З: Listening {аррrохirпаtеlу 40 minutes)

fi

Part 1 Fосчs Each extract will have а different focus, which could Ье: main point, detail, purpose or location of
Extracts with multiple- speech, relationship between the speakers, attitude or opinion of the speakers.
choice questions
Task Yоu hear eight short, unrelated extracts of about thirty seconds each.They may Ье monologues
оr conversations. YoU have to answer опе three-option mUltiple-choice qUestion (А, В оr С) for
each extract.

Part 2 Fосчs 5pecific information, detail, stated opinion

completion Task You hеаr а monologue lasting about three minutes, You complete ten Sentences with words from
the teХt.

Part 3 Focus As for Part ]

Multiple matching Task You hеаr а series offive monologues, lasting about thirty seconds each.The speakers in each
extract are different, but the SituationS or topics are аll related to each other. You have to match
each speaker to опе of six statements or qUestionS (А-F). There is опе extra option that you do
not need to use.
Part 4 Fосчs 5pecific information, opinion, attitude, gist, mаiп idea
Multiple-choice questions Tas.k You hear а monologue or conversation which lasts about three minutes.There'are seven
questions.YoU have to choose the correct option (А, В or С).

Рареr 4: ýpeaking (арргохimаtеlу 14 nrinr.ltes)

Part 1 Fосus Gепеrаl interactional and social language

lnterview Task The interlocutor asks each of you questions about yourself, such as where you come from, what
(2 minutes)
you do iп your free time,

Part 2 Fосчs Organising your ideas, соmраriпg, describing, expressing opinions

lndividuaI long tчrп
Task The interlocutor gives you а pair of photographs to соmраrе, and to give а реrsопаl reaction to.
(4 minutes)
You speak Ьу yourself fоr about а minute while your partner listens. Then the interlocutor asks
уоur partner а question about what you have said. Only а short answer is expected. You then
change roles,

Part 3 Fосчs lnteracting with your partner, exchanging ideas, expressin9 and justiýzin9 opinions, a9reeing
collaborative task апd/оr disagreeing, suggesting, speculating, evaluating, rеасhiпg а decision through ne9otiation
(4 minutes)
Tosk You are glvеп а task to discuss together, based on а set of prompts. There аrе two parts to the
task. First to discuss all of the prompts and then try to reach а conclusion.There is no right or
Wrong answer to the task and you don't have to a9ree with each other. lt iS the interaction
between уоu that is important.
Part 4 Focus Expressing and justiflzing opinions, a9reeing and disa9reeing
Discussion
Task The interlocutor asks you both gепеrаl questions related to the topic of Part З, and gives уоu the
(4 minutes)
chance to give your opinions on other aspects of the same topic.

Exam information 5
 j
.ti],liffi
,
,1
':,' I

:i.i:1_1.iii'.llil',.jilil,: j]ji:,i:

il
]|j|];i.] iiJ] ].:rl .

ii]iil:l'i],,','"il ]]r]Iil
]]i'li!]:i':.1]i], ,] ijl,,]i],]lii.l]
a i:] ]:]:|"]li:l.,]]]],.
'i,:!l,,_
ll',::l,

]]]:]'|]]a
Discuss the questions.
1 What do people mеап when they talk about their'social пе.,,, -
2 How big is your social network?

Do the surчеу. Then compare your answers in pairs.

] ]]i

a;"}
l,

Keeping in touch
lJ
ýý

We want to know how youstoy in contcct withyour friendsl Do оur survey.

1
zýЖlх;*ffiб
Wh*n ci* 5r*u ti",rn усilг m*bil* ýг ýý"}ýгt 5 Н*w m*пу hоuгs е ls/eek do you spenci
gоiпз out \,l.it h f riend э7
Ноrл; lollg dtэ yot"l sрепс su.=:i The
using а саrпеrа? Гyq{ Г-ry9_1 lпtеritсt еvеrv week?
3 *о 1u** iз*lсзпg t* а s*c!;*i n*tw*rking Dо yoir {]l./et, wliie ieгlc;,s
ь
Гl.ЪпСrZ ,.::]

с i*д?
LБil Гзr] 'n
}.a
4 Ео yor.r sp*nd пзсr* tirп* t*xtlng оr 8 $/hat dc you lii;ni{, is rhе оезt vvay to
tal}tirtg t* pe*ple еn уýuг pY|er rrlak* печ,r friends? V,/ny?
i- _,I-:
; leХtlný ] l laiklnq ,

1 Listen to four people answering different questions in the

,1')li ;,,

survey in Activity 2. Which question is each person answering?

Sреаkеr ] Г_--l Sреаkеr 2 a1
SреаkегЗ Г-_l Speaker4 Г__-l

6 ý*ci*i **ito,*lk_q
Listening YшсаЬшlаrу
ЖuNtipýe сhgiсе соý locatioý}ý: сФm mu r"liaatý gп; fа*зл ýу }

relaei*nships
ffi listen again and choose the best answer, А, В
or С. There is опе question for each speaker.
ffi Complete the phrases from the listening
1 Why does the mап use the internet to communicate? with words from the Ьох.Тhеп listen again
А Не enjoys talking to friends who аrе too busy to and check.
meet чеrу often.
face (х2) keep
В Не likes making contact with пеw people in
9et
lost
different countries. 9о

С Не relies оп it to keep up-to-date with family

1 This way, we can .............,....,.. .,,. iп touch йГh our family.
mеmьеrs abroad.
2 Several of us ..... . . . ....,.. опliпе to chat every evening.
The woman uses her social networking site to
А 3 l like to .........................intouch йгh other people with the
make contact again with old friends. Same паmе.
В find people to help with babysitting. When you see each other................,......., tо..
С apologise to people she has argued with. there аrе sometimes arguments.
What is one of the mапЪ most important reasons for 5 ТhеrеЪ еvеп one 9irl l ............,...... ...... touch utzlrh mоrе than
using а particular website? ten years ago!
А Не wants to find people who have similar 6 Му grandad is completely . of touch with
interests tohis. 9_ ,
whаtЪ going on today.
В Не wants to research the meanings of difГerent
family names. ý Matcb words/phrasesl-6 with meanings А-F.
с Не wants to find unknown relatives, 1 related to
4 How does the girl feel when she texts in class? 2 extended family
А ashamed when the tеасhеr catches hеr 3 divorced
В pleased that she can do it wlthout her 4 daughter-in-law
teacher knowing
5 ancestors
С апgrу when the teacher tells hеr to turn hеr
6 only child
phone off
А no longer mаrriеd
в уоur sопЪ wife
с someone who hasn't got brothers оr slsters
D members of your family who lived а long time ago
Е family that includes parents, children and оthеr
family members
connected Ьу family

ý МаКе а list of family members. Compare your

list with а partner and add апу extra words.

Ж Discuss the questions. Use words and

expressions from Activities 5-7 to help you.
Which family members are you closest to?
What do you think аrе the good and bad points of
having а large extended family?

Unit tr Sociai networks 7

 ýр*mý*ýr"rg ffi Matcb the uses of the present simple and
continuous with 1-7 in Activity 2.
ж
жýж Discuss the questions.
А а rеgulаr repeated action
Would you like to keep in touch with your school
1

friends and teachers when you Ieave school оr colle9e?

В а permanent situation

Why/Why not? С an activity iп progress now

What is the best way to do this? D an аrrапgеd future activity

Е а fixed future event

Рш-*sепt simple and рrýýýпt F ап activity in progress but not at this exact moment
G а changing оr developing situation
ýФý}8ýшLхФtл|ý
}, GRАНМАR REFERENCE р,l45 Ж Оо the underlined verbs in Activity 2 describe
states or actions? Сору and complete the table.
ЖФ 02 Read ап interviewwith JaneTurner Choose the correct option to complete the rule.
about part of her job. Complete the text with
the present simple оr present continuous form
of the verbs in brackets.Then listen and check.

.ffi....ý..
(o IЦЕEEEIEЩ Wednesday, July 28 . ]

зi]:, Rule: state verbs оrе/оrе поr usuallv used in the

9_. continuous form-

ffi Лаа the verbs iп the Ьох to the table in

Activity 4. Add two more verbs of your own
:,i] and compare with а раrtпеr.
]''"''''
TodqУ,!{1};.illl:::,..;n.;.i..:...,; : , mойеФwе(r[},i,,;,,r,:. .'ý hate understand write belong produce
(falft} to JапеТurпёt а (tuorh) ап thе опq for December - prefer receive text want need
teacher at КiпgЪ School. As which
well as teaching, Jane has
ffi
(5) ....................... (go) out оп
Complete this соmmепt from а magazine reader
anotherjobthat she does 11th December.
at the school' ' ;,. with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
ý оо you ао a|t the work о,, ,; l really (1) (гhiпk) itЪ gi,eat to have ап опliпе
Q So, Jane, what is уочr Б website yourself?
magazine for ex-students. Му mum used to Ье а student
second iob? ]]

ЩlIthiцkitlsvgry,intelegtlng!, Гriеulаflу,Ьut{mцs,tsауth.*t,
l (2) .............. .........
ап online magazine for
school's ex-students,
who used to study at thе school.
It helps rhеm keep iп touch
with old friends. lt also has
Цl ОЬ по! Fоur of us work оп at my school and she (2) ......"....... (9еr) а magazine every
ý]'
уеаr. l (3) (/ook) at thls mопthЪ magazine right
(produce) it (6) ....................... (gef) mоrе
now and it (4) ,............. (hаче) some 9rеаt pictures of оur
thе and mоrе difficu|t to finish thе
people magazine оп time. Luckily, we
sports day. l enjoy rеаdiпg it too because it's interesting
(7) ,...................... (gel) two to lеаrп what old students (5) .............. (do) at the
extra people to help with the moment. Some of them have fantastic jobs iп television
,

next issue. and film.ТhаtЪ what l (6).............. (wспr) to do.There

information about thiпss that p:l . (7) ........,.,.,. (Ье) а рапу for old students next month
]

lsthe magazine
аrе happening at the .chool and igl
poDuIar?t
rvrЧ'Чr
and my mum (8) (9о) to it. She (9) .............. (/ook)
пеw projects, like building а forward to meeting up with some old friends. l

new swimming pgol ina t_bingl ,Щ| Very Th.,old stud.ntq lglaq ' ('l0) ,............. (rhиk) she'lI have а brilliant time.
ý.
|ike that. to get news about thеir o|d
frields
Щ Но* оftеп do the 1d
teachers and thev
send in letters about their own
Ж Оо you think itЗ а good idea to have а
students get the.magazine? newsletter like this? Why?
- work and саrсеrs too. I know
Цl *n ....................... that the srudents who аrе hеrе
(3)
(turite) оце ечегу ýix шопйs,
so that's twice а уеаr. At thе
поw also like to rеаd it, so itls. i|
definite|y чеrу popular indeed.
Speaking
ý Work in pairs.Turn to page 140 and do the activiý.

8 Unit 1 Socia] nelworks

 ffi Пеаd the text and find out what the title
refers to. Don't worry аЬочt the gaps for
the moment.

VlcdnBsd*y,Jiзiyi,t8 l:.' ,,,', ,. li ,,,]'l],i

We аге living iп а пеw age aГ,l ,...P.,,,Ct, солпесtivitу.
,
]

Н*wеч*г; beilý
.]

аЬlе.LоL_OФЁiýýt,ýеýFlе
l

s,||,thв ] ., , :,,, :, ] ]

!i,t , ,l,.;, -.,,.,.. .,,, , ;,l ýan Ьё hфih, g ýсоd]апd; а P*d: ýhingt
Оп che опе hand it s good ro Ье (2} ., . . ..,....,, Lo talk to
Жржmfr*fr*"ъg ,а чвu,*пу 11л,lе;,Фhg1.9ýr rмe аrе,,The dýWnýýP iS that
sаrпý of uэ haý:B iэе*оmеltпЬ,dерелdелt.{ýl ,,.;,.,.,,.,. . ,

ffi Work in pairs. Look at the picture and answer оuг рhопеs anci соmрutегs. Psychologists hаче identified
the questions. ]а gondýiоn {4} i".,",,,,-,..,,,,:,,,. : аg iNoМoFhabjal T.rhioh

1 What problems with phones or computers can make

iB.a]геа{ fеаr 9f bainý wlthotltl }s|]t глýЬilý Ёhзпеl This
воmеtimеs hЬррsпл lvherl реоqlа,Wh* us* nheil:plplgs в,
you feel like this?
lot ёl:ё (5} ,.,,],..,.,,,..,.,:,, йrп them fоr B:oertain регiоd.
2 Which problems have you .ехреriепсеd rесепtlу?
lt sееmз that this loss сап tЁ}.. .;;.;1,,,,;",i,,..,,,", in;P*nic
attacks апd ечеп hallucinations, $оmе уоцпg, рёOрlе"Whо : -'
Wжm ffi# Жrъg$fiкfu {7}:,.,.,.......,,,,,., рагt iп ап ехрегimепt ýaid that trre' iеp|
imаg!пqrg thаt th€iг рhопеs wеге гiпgiпg duгiпg *he пiýПýi]
ýý шitiрýе-сhgiсе с!*zе
фвцld уоu bg,able tc |ive t8} ,.......,,.i,.,,,.,. уOur phonp о1

ffi Choose the correct word to complete ссmрLJtег fог а week? lt'S ап iпtегеStiпg question, isn't it?
the sentences.
'l 1 got an email from my English friend yesterday but it
WaS VеrV

А small В low С short D little

0А to Bof С from
D in

2 The traffic was vеrу so l was late for my

1А hour В time С period D day
2А
...............

computer class. possible В сап с allowed D able

А thick В hard С full D heavy зА Ьу Воп С at D with

3 l usually look...,....,...... new words опliпе 4А са lled в referred с named D known

А очеr Bup Сiп Don 5А separated В divided с taken D removed

|'m ..........,.... on joining а new social networking site. бА CaUSe В make с result D start

А enthusiastic В keen С eager D excited 7д made В took С had D did

l didn't 9et .......,...,... texts today. Not onel 8А aWay В without С apart D оvеr

А some В much С little D апу

Read the text again and decide which answer
(А, В, С or D) fits each 9ар.
ffi Work in pairs and decide whythe other
choices in Activity 2 are wrong. Тhеп say
which sentences are testin9 these types жж&рф тýр
of words. Read the title апd the text Ьеfоrе you look at the options
so you get а good idea of what it is about.
А collocations (words which go together)
}п thg ех*гrt there аrе eight questions.
в phrasal чеrЬs (vеrЬs and prepositions)
с dependent prepositions (verbs and adjectives always
followed Ьу опе preposition)
ffi Wbicb gadget would it Ье most difficult for
D quantifiers (words to show amount and numbeO
уоч to Iive without? Why?
Е single words with similar meanings
 ýрmшý*ýжg РаЬlоЪ neighbourhood
А has ап unusual museum.
ffi Work in pairs. Read the comments about в is full of Frепсh restaurants and саfёs.
visiting а new place for the first time. This evening Sylvie and Stёрhапе
Do you agree or disagree? Why? А are going to а typical tourist destination.
В are meeting someone who shares опе of
their interests.
l like going to new places with friends Апthеа
so we сап find out about them together. А expects people to Ье punctual.
ltЪ 9ood sharing new experiences. В is happy to wait for late arriva]s.
Why is Anthea taking the Mascaros to FrеudЪ house?
А She believes it is ап imрогtапt оаr-t of апу visit
to Hampstead.
в one of hervisitors has а sce:ial lnterest iп Frеud.
How does Anthea rеturп horтe]
А оп public trапsрогt.
В Ьу car.

ffi Соmраrе уочr апswеБ wiф а раrtпеr and

give reasons for уочr фс*сеr

W**жЬшlаrу
Ж*mdýrхg
рhrаsаl чегЬs in сопtехt
Гýuýt!рý* ch*ýce
ffi look at the phrasat,rеrЬ urrderlined iп the
Read the first paragraph of ап article аЬочt article and decide urhidl rпеапiпg, А or В, is
visiting пеw places and answer the questions. closest to the rпеапilц iп the article.
,|
What is а grееtеr? fiпd out

2 How is а Greeter Network tour difгеrепt frоm а

А discover Ьу,сt,э.:=
commercial tour? В lеаrп iпfоrгга:lо^

How do you get in touch with а greeter? bump into

А hit sогпеthl - з or sоr, геосе a:c'd:ntally

ffi Пеаd the whole article. Fоr questions 1-8, В meet unexpectedl,9.
choose the answer (А or В), which you think meet Up ]:1,1,1,i:1

fits according to the text. А sсi,iэс-€tэ Jo sаr:геrl.с

meet
В join sоос:-'-.э :эЕЕttе.
set off
in th* exax,*t th]ere аrе ýix qUestions and.each question А staпso-::-'-E лвr<г€
В stагt а,э-,l-q.
tUrn Uo
1 Visitors using the Grееtеr Network
А пасэе- --сtr;есi!
А аrе expected to make а small payment. В аrrl,.е
В usuaIly рау nothing at aIl.
2 Why has Nick come to lИеlЬоurпе?
А сс-: агlз :ci eft
А to meet his grеаt-uпсlе Вl:
В to fiпd out if he has апу relatives there
З What does Наrоulа think about Nick and his hopes?
Speaking
А lt may Ье possible to help him.
В They аrе completely unrealistic, ý WочН уоч like Ь !шet t? uith a'greeter' if
уоч were gкrftцbuiita пшсý?
WhyrTlThy поt?

10 {"Jtзit ? lcciai neiyncrkS

 ,,.",- ,,фt-{'
#]l фф

-' ,,
yd/.i ý.Ме "]:&ъ,.а

,h.*,

11
 Use -lпg
Wжуfu рж***гrъж
1 аftеr some verbs Ехаmрlе: love sееiпg
Ь ýý,,&Ж}ý"&R RtГ[RГГ,JСt р,l'}5 2 as а subject of а sentence
з аftеr preposiTicns
ffi
-- ' Have you made any arrangements
you're
about
to do оп your next holiday? use rо infinitive
what 9оiп9
Соmраrе your ideas with а partner. 4 after some i,erbs
5 to show а rеаsсп
ffi
"' Пеаd the email quickly. Why do Mark and 6 after adjectives
Аппiе want to use a'greeter'on their holiday? 7 after some ехрrеss']-s
use infinitive without :э
ffi Неаа the emailagain and match the
after some express э-s
underlined examples with the ruIes 1-8.

ffi Cboose the correct headings for each 9rочр

of phrases.

+ -lпg + rо infinitive + infinitive without rо

Hi Raque[,
We wеrе so glad to [еаrп thatyou are going to
1 ....................... 2 .. 3 .....
Ье оur greeter when we соmе to Paris. We love лL^л
lwould love ld Ье*:, -.--+;"л
seeing films and musicals and Les МisёrаЬlеsis
оur favourite, so wе'rе соmiпg to Раri5 to find out |'m expecting Let 5 :э- : siand
about the places in the story. We'd rеа[[у l"ike you |'ve arranged l shou э а=: Ui
to show us аrоuпd. After staying in Paris for а l сап't wait - ::<'19 fоr,,rzаrd to
week, we've аrrапgеd to go to the Guadarrama
|'m Iearning
.=, :- л\,
Mountains iп Spain to see where the fi[m РолЗ
Labyrinth was fi[med. We hope to have а grееtеr
thеrе too. Lе*\ýffiL-ý&ffiж тýF
I know there аrе professionaI guides but we'd Whеп we say better,the сопtrаG,з, is iоr hcd поt
l'd

rather go rочпd with а greeter, [ike you. Meeting woutd.The full form is l kаа better.
уоц is going to Ье а rеа[ pleasure and thank
you
for аgrееiпg to help us. ýЖ Complete the phrases iп Activiý 4 in your
We can't wait to see а[[ the different locations! own words. Compare уочr answers with
Best wishes а partner.

Mark and Annie Strand

ffi Choose the correct option to complete
the sentences.
The best way lо tmрrоvе/lп,2,э, -э ,э,l( English is to
speak it while you're оп hоl'эа,,.
i'm interested iп to go/goinE :э.^ ] useums and
,l^

galleries when l'm in anothe, с 1,.

l'd rather totravel/travel Ьу ссас- _l,ап trаlп when l go
on lопg journeys,
|'m excited to lеаrп/lеоrпlло аэсL| another culture
whеп l'm on holiday.
l prefer to 9о Somewhere at the last minute Without rо
оrrапgе/аrrапgiпg it а long time oefore.
То go/Going away with friends is mоrе interesting than
to qо/gоiпg with уоur family!

ffi Work in pairs. Are the sentences in Activity 6

true for you?

:г
 lпtеrvlеw

ýXAH,ТiP
!п the first,ýart oftho:lýpeqKing,laяtttrqexa,ryilinёr ask
both, ca,nd,idqleq, q,Oestions ]about trreфýёlve5:Don|r,ý]ve
а lon g prepared statem€ht:Or:l a, 5hbr:1 onqvvqrd,la n SWe r.

ý WorK iп pairs. Look at the questions and three

candidates'answers. choose the best answers
for this part of the test and say what is wrong
with the other answers.
1 Where аrе you frоm, Itularie?
А l'm frоm Cherbourg, which is а big town in the
north of Frапсе, lt is Situated on the north coast and
ýреаl*frпg there аrе ferries frоm here to Епglапd. We get а lot
of tourists in the summer months because of this,
givi*lg регýýýаl irзfоrmаtiоп ltЪ а very busy town and thеrе are good shopping
areas, fоr example ..
ffi Wbat questions do you usually ask а пеw
.

student in your class or someone you meet at в l'm from Frапсе. ltzly home town is cherbourg, which

а party?
is on the north coast.
С Frапсе.

ffi look at the questions and tick апу that you 2 Do you belong to any social networking sites?
mentioned in Activity 1. А No, l don't. But l'm thinking ofjoining one sооп.
ltЪ reallygood to make contact with old and new
friends. А lot of people l know use them regu|arly.
В Unhappily, haven't taken advantage of the
I

opportunity. Iп spite of а пumЬеr of problems l truly

t tdhere аfе зо{J fcom? believe that the advantages outweigh
2 Шhaf do зоtl tiLe аЬоф tiving tkrеrе? the disadvantages.
3 ИЬt do зоtl hope fo do in t}re fуtчrе? С Yes, l go out quite often. l meet up with my friends
after school in the саfё and we often go to parties at
4 tdЧ аfе зоu tearning Епglisrr? the weekend.
1 Telt mе эоrrrеtlпiпg аЬоrrt зочr fаmilз.
6 Have 5ф ече( been in frorlble r,oith Жý 03 Listen to two candidates taking
Part the exam and complete the
1 of
the police? questions the examiner asked.
7 ldorlld зоu rattrer live iп а сitз or in 1 Where аrе
the соuпfс5эidе? 2

8 Шrвt ф з* til.e to do in зскr frее time? 3

4
9 Но,л mчсh do зоч фецh? 5
l0 Ноф old аrе зоr:? 6
tt tdьfъ the шеаthе( |iu-e in
зоur соuпtсз?
12 Can I hвve зоuс phone поrпЬеr? ffi How did the candidates answer the questions?
Do you think they gave good answers?
WhуД/hу not?

ffi Wblcb questions in Activity 2 do you think are ffi Work in pairs. Тчrп to page 134 and follow
too personal to ask when уоч meet someone the instructions.
for the first time? Why? Compare your ideas
with а partner.

Unit 1 Sociai net\^/orks 1з

 ffiщ*mffi*frжg ffi Read the answer again and decide if the writer
has remembered the following advice.
ffi Work in pairs. Read the exam task and discuss
1 You should writе about the notes in the question.
the essay question. What extra point would
you write about? Why? 2 You should оrgапisе the essay into difГеrепt paragraphs.
3 You should give an introduction and а conclusion.
You have Ьееп talking about social networks in your 4 You should use sequencing words to put
English class. Now уоur teacher has asked you to your points logically.
write an essay.
5 You should give your own opinion.
Write an essay using all the notes and give rеаsопs
6 You should give reasons and examples for your
fоr your point of view.
роiпt of view.
ls it better to talk to friends face-to-face or опiпе?
Notes
ffi Underline words or phrases iп the answer that
Things to write about
'l
1 show the writеr's opinion.
what you want to talk to your friends about 2 show а sequence of ideas
2 how much time you have 3 show а contrasting idea.
З your own idea 4 give an example.
5 introduce а conclusion.
ЪФи#
р ý9 р
*" Ё **
",fiFs.Ёý ýЬf.
*
ýsчау J акд"ffi тЕр
Use ALL the notes given iп the question and organise
ý\еýRýYýý*ý RГГ[il[Г!С[ р. i5'1 your essay iп separate paragraphs to dea| with the
different points.
ffi Kead the answer and check if your ideas are
you have to Write an e5say iп Раrt 'l
The
mentioned. what is the writеrъ own idea? *n ti,;*
=я*=
.

word limit is 140-]90 words,

Most реор|е today spend а lot of time communicating with ffi Read the exam task below. Work in pairs and
their friends опliпе or Ьу рhопе, but is it better to have а discuss what уоч could include iп the essay.
face-to-face conversation? Personally, l think it depends оп
i lп your English class you have эс:. la ki"g about
several things.
'a_ how you spend уоur free time эl] ,,,,. ;,,ou spend
your free time with, Yоur tеа:,э, -:s эs<еС you io
--;1_ -_ Fоr
Firstly, it depends оп why you аrе communi(ating.
: _-

examplq if you just want to make ап аrrапgеmепt оr give write ап essay.

sоmеопё some information then itЪ easier and quicker to
Write an essay using all tl: -: _=s э-С aive rеаsопs
emai| text or make а quick cali. Оп the other hand; if you
for уоur point of vier.nl.
want to talk about something serious оr important, it's
ls it better to sрепd гг,с,е э' : -, "2: т,,mе with уоur
рrоЬаЬlу better to actually meet up, .,
filends or fаmilу?
Secondly, you have to think about hоw much time you have.
Notes
lf уоu'rе оп FасеЬооk оr another social пеМоrkiпg site,
you've рrоЬаЬlу got lots and lots of friends. П's imposible to Things to write аЬэ - _

see all of them ! Sq you have to rely оп the internet оr рhопе. ] different t!,эеs a'эa_ .'_'эs and interests
Fiпаllу, for mе, it depends how close your friends аrе. l have 2 howbus1 ,.:-,'=- _.
j
а couple of very good friends апd l like to go out with them З your о!^J,г ээз
regularly and spend time with them, Seeing them face-to-
face is very important.
ý:ii Add ап idea of уочr оwп and make notes
So. to concludg l wou|d say that both types 0f for the essay. Divide your notes into
communication are good but for different rеаsопs. З or 4 paragraphs.

iý Using the advice and language from Activities

3 and 4 поw write your essay.

14 U*it ý rl;iwol[s
ffi Complete the sentences using the words in ffi Choose the correct option, А, В or С, to
brackets. Use the correct form of the present complete the sentences.
simpIe or continuous. 1 Would you rаthеr to the cinema or to а club?
What ................. .....,.......(you do) this evening? Would you Ago В togo С going
like to go out for а meal? 5he did ап evening class her Frепсh.
................,...
(mееt up йrh) Julie and Grеgоrу.
| ........,.....,..,...,....,. .. А fоr to improve В to improve С fоr imрrочiпg
(you wапt) to соmе аlопg гоо?
you iп Rоmе l'm travelling to Sicily.
Соriппе
After.....,..............
Today she
(учоrk) as а nurse.
(shоиу) some students rоuпd the hospitaI.
А visit В to visit С visiting

Hev! Whv fuou use\ that comouter? lt

4 According to Dad, video games is pointless.
(belong)to mе. А рlауiпg В to play С play

Excuse mе, when (leave/the пехt trаiп 5 We аrе rеаllу looking forward you at the party.
to Glasgow)? А see В to seeing С to see
l really ....,.... ..., .., .. .... (поt un dеrsrапd) why Justin 6 Teachers сап't stand students during class.
(sрепф so much time опliпе. lt's С
А text В texting to text
so Ьоriпg!

ý Complete the text with the expressions of

ffi Complete the sentences with the words in the
F
frequency in the Ьох.
Ьох.

sometimes ever all the time

hardly
internet networking mobile опliпе
never quite often (not) very often
website text

Could you lend me your

battery left on mine.
...................,..........? l don't have any
Entertai'n'ment,and,lei,sure,
А lot of people think that the is the most Megan Trevo-r is,ýpica} hеr Еепеl:аiФ& ýhe doёsn]t
опOе. oj tйce
.............,....,...,,......
go to the сiпеmа (1} .,....,........-..,,
important invention of the last 50 years. ",iuýt
а йonth, ýheld rather watch a DVD'91 6,:yi6|gg:91"1
Would you like me to ...................,.......... you the hercomputer. ýie doesnlt switch off hеr mobi|e, she is
essay question? соппесtеd Ф ,....,...-...,,.,..,. She rarely eats out
l don't like their new
- it's mоrе iп proper restaurantý, they're fat, too ехрепsiче, but
she (3} .,..,..,.,-,,.,,;,;., ёats in fast food restaurants as
complicated than the old one, l сап't find what l want.
atleat - mауЬе оlюФ а month. She doesn't go to the
l buy mostthings ............., nowadays which gym, instead she (4) exercises using her
mеап5 I don't have to go shopping. lVii- shё does thisgeveraltimes а week. Megan is а
Не met his future wife on а social ...................,.......,. site. city girl and {5) ,.,..,..,,,...,.",.. gоёstо ihe countryside,
she finds'itfar too quiet- mауЬе опсе оr twice а
year is enough for her. She {Ф .....,,.,..,..,,....- visits
ffi Matcb the beginnings of sentences 1-6 with
mчýечmý - she can:lt rеmеrпЬеr the last tirпе she went
endings А-F.
to опе - but she likeý to go оп virtual visits through
1 You'll never guess who | Ьчmреd
2 |'ll pick you
3 Would you like to rпееt
4 Did you mапа9е to fiпd
5 what time do we need to sеr
6 l really hate it when people rurn

А offif we want to arrive for пiпе?

в upwith Giorgio апd Elena this evening?
с up at the dооr without wаrпiпg.
D iпrо today at the supermarket.
Е out the times of the trains?
F up outside the hotel at 8.З0.

L,ýnit 1 Soc].ti nelwo|(s

 Жр*mý*ýжrug

&ý Discuss the questions.

1 What is the first thing you notice when you meet sоmеопе new?
. their expression (do they look happy, friendly, sad?)
. their clothes
. their hаir
. their shoes
. something else
2 People say'You пе\,еr gei а second chance to make а first impression] What do you
think this means? Do you agree? \\lhу,ЛДhу not?

Y*саЬа;Еаrу
dеsсriЬiпg feelings

ffi Write down three adjectives to describe how you аrе feeling at the
moment. Compare with а partner and say why you are feeling ]ike this.

ffi Match feelings 1-10 with explanations A-J.

1 l'm excited. А This story is very fuппу.
2 l'm nervous. В l didn't expect to pass thi5 test.
3 l'm upset. С l keep hearing this strange noise at night.
4 l'm exhausted. D l'm going to а concert tonight with my friends.
5 l'm bored. Е l've got ап oral test iп ten minutes!
6 I'm surprised. F l have no idea which is the right direction.
7 l'm scared. G l've just heard that mу favouriie tеасhеr is leaving.
8 I'm аппоуеd. Н Му sister keeps Ьоrrоwiпg my clothes without asking.
9 l'm amused, l l hаrdlу got апу sleep last night.
0
'l l'm confused. J l've got nothing to do.

ffi Choose three of the adjectives in Activity 3 and write another

explanation for each. Your partner must guess which adjectives your
explanations refer to.

16 Yl,*fis{clrmatiBnc
ý Wbicb of these adjectiщs сап also have the *ý * *З Listen to two answers, А and В. Which
ending -iп9? When are the adjectives ending is better? Whу? Turn to ра9е 134 апd check
iп -ing used? уочr ideas.

ýý
"""'
Choose three of the adjectives in Activity 3 ýý Complete the sentences аЬочt the photos
and tell уочr partner about the last time you with the words in the Ьох.
felt like that.
other main whereas however
l was very аппоуеd yesterday because l lost mу keys.

1 ln the first picture the woman looks а bit bored

ffiр*mЁ<*эъg in the second picture the children
look happy.
lnlrc ftlrn
by|lc !ч: :l
2 The people in the first picture аrе adults. lп the second

ffi look at the photos and answer the questions. picture, the реорlе аrе children.

1 Whеrе аrе the people?

3 The children might Ье at а party. Оп the
hand, they might Ье at а school play,
2 What is happening in the pictures?
4 The differences between the pictures аrе
З What is the link between the two pictures? the ages ofthe people and the rеаsопs they want to
look different.
жж&trщ тýр
without leaving long pauses.
ffi Work iп pairs.Tellyour partner about
Тrу to talk differences between the way you look now
t!з tite Ёх,iгт! you have to talk for abou[ а minute. and the way уоч looked when уоч were
а child. Use some of the expressions from
Activity 10.
Ж ffi *ф Listen to the ехаmiпеrЪ question and
tick the correct instructions (two are correct). The mаiп diffеrепсе is that l had lопg hajr thеп апd поw l

1 Describe the pictures iп detail.

have short hotr.

2 Say what is similar оr different about the pictures.

l always wore jeans whereas поw ...

3 Talk about уоur оwп ехреriепсе of situations like this.

Work with а partner. Turn to ра9е 'l34.
4 Say which picture you рrеfеr.
ýý
Student А: do the task. Student В: listen. Then
5 Describe реорlеЪ emotions. turn to ра9е 138 and swap roles.

"ll,a
ýqзit З lliiсl,глз ilL:as 17
 S peaki пg lrлii
ýf r} {* ffi
}
}"'} t_*
*
Ё ё, f "'1'
Ё

Г{ Oir.uss the questions. d*р*пd*з:t pr*p*sitý*r:s

'l ,', -al аrе ihe best advertisements on

:с e,!,iSion at the moment? Why?

ý Complete the questions with one of the words in
the Ьох. Then work in pairs and ask and answer
2 )с you think good advertisements сап really the questions.
persuade people to buy things they haven't
bought Ьеfоrе? Why/Why not? of about (х2) for
З Can you think of an example of how an old-
'I
fashioned image of а product has changed Would you like to work either а саr соmрапу or an
because of ап advertising campaign? advertising а9епсу? Why/Why not?
2 What do реорlе make а ot of jokes today?
t+
tЁýт€*ýз$tъж 3 When did you last laugh а joke оr а film?

Sentenc* ýýгýрýýtiýý
4 Have you еvеr forgotten ап important event like а
birthday or а meeting?

# ** Yоч will hear part of ап 5 Can you паmе а famous book оr film about someone who has
interview with Barry Тчrпеr who works .
ruп ...............,...... frоm home?
for а car manufacturer. Listen and 6 Can you think an advert that uses а popular song?
answer the questions.
Why did people use to make;okes about 1аS}{",;\ý,ti;;ikfi
the cars?
2 How mапу jokes do they mепtiоп? ý}; Work in pairs. Choose а product that doesn't have
а good advertising campaign and discuss how you
з How many advertisements do we hеаr about?
cou!d improve it.

a],]r' Listen again. Fоr questions 1-6,

complete the sentences.

*--}ifý,ф.4 т,fiр
The words оr numbers you have to write down
аrе exactly the same as оп the rесоrdiпg. You
don't have to change them,
t;: jjhi: *}l.i::i.ii there are ten questions and you
will hear а monologue.

1 Before Ваrrу joined the соmрапу, people

usedtomake.. . ., ._ . .aboutthecars
it produced,
Skoda became part of the саr соmрапу
Volkswagen in.... ....,...,...........
A|though Skoda cars imрrоvеd they still had
а рооr .,,....,.....
Эеор е thought that Skoda cars were good
as welI as Ьеiпg fashionabie
A:corcing to Ваrrу, а good advertisement
snou]d hаче ..,.........,................. as well as pictures,
6 An advert for yoghurt used а
to change the image of its product.

18
 Reading
ý Dlscuss the questions.
1 How has the area you live iп changed in recent years?
2 Do you thinkthe changes have Ьееп а good thing?
Why/Why not?

ý Пеаd а comment from а website. What changes ý Шуоч meet someone who lives in London,
does the writer mention? which is the correct question to ask? Why?
1 How long did you live in London?
2 How long have you lived iп London?
How have очr cities changed? Read what йsitors to очr site have said
and then leave а comment about some changes you've noticed.
ý Complete the paragraphs with foror since.
Тhеп work in pairs and ask and answer
@ st"u"Bo questions with Ноwlопg ...? апdWhеп ...?
In mу opinion, опе ofthe areas that has changed the most 1 Tony has been in England the end of
in recentyears,is the East End of Lопdоп. Last month I last month. First, he stayed at а hoteI iп the centre
(1) went to йsit а friend who поw lives there, in what's called of London five days.Then he went
Docklands. The р[асе (2) has changed enormously since I
to see my sister in Yоrk and he's been at her house
was last there. Му aunt and uпсtе (3) lived there for аЬоut
the Iast week,
five years and I rеmеmЬеr йsitingthem quite often when
I was а chi[d. It was а great еmрф аrеа of [апd Ьut поw it's Sofia lived in Paris а уеаr when she

ап important business and residentia[ аrеа. Му friend has was а student but she hasn't been back there
bought а ftat that over[ooks the River Thames. She she left in 1998. She hasn't used her
Гiоu; (4) 's Ьееп there for three years поw but she (5) hasn't totd Frепсh then and thаtЪ а long time
UijLj г mе yet how muсh she (6) paid fоr the f[at. I'm sure it was ап а9о!
llл|еi епоrmоus аmоuпt! ItЛу sister was а student in Rome ............................. three
years and she returned а two-week
holiday last summer.The city has changed а lot
Present perfect апd paýt she was thеrе.

simple ý Complete another comment from the

- website with the correct form of the verbs
> GRАММАR REFERENCE p.l47
in brackets.
ffi looK at the verb forms underlined in the text.
which опеs are
А past simple (the past fоrm of the чеrЬ)?
В present perfect simple (hove/has + past participle)? Maria RG
I (1) ..... (sfиdу) at col[ege in Southampton

ffi Matcb the verbs 1-6 with uses А-F. years ago but I recentý (2) . .. . .. @о) back fоr а

We use the past simple when we give the time ап action соuр[е ofdays to see mу friend, Аппа. What а change!

hаррепеd in the past. They (3) . (kn ock dоwп) the bui|.ding where I

(4) .. (sfoy) and bui[t а btock off[ats and shops

We use the present perfect simple when something
happened in the past but we do not give the time
because we don't know it or it isn't important.
We use the present perfect simple when we talk about
something that Ьеgап iп the past and is stilI continUing.
We use the past simple fоr ап activity that continued for а
period in the past.
We use the present perfect simple with eyer, пеvеr, already,
ju5t, yet.
there! The college has поw got some new buildings
and I (5) ......,................. (loo k rоuпd) them during mу йsit.
It's amazing. They (6) ,...................,,.. (рut) interactive
whiteboards and [aptops in every c[assroom and they
(7) ........................(аЬо build) ап епоrmоus [iЬrаrу and
research centre close Ьу. They (8)
.,(notJinish)
designing the gardens аrоuпd the buildings yet, butit's
going to look beautiful.

We use the past simple to talk about something that Work in pairs.Tell your partner аЬочt
happened at а certain time in the past but we do not give how а place you hаче visited recently
the exact time. has changed.

Unit 2 Transformai]onS 19
 ;coLoMBIA
{ t.:

ЕqUаЧ _' - :,-\-

- - - - Ч:-
--fi,a:--- EсUADoR j \.__".t i
_ _

cltapagos ,-' f ..il

'"u
lý|ands
,alРiпtа . {- PER1J /
i\

li]].I,]

],Ф:,

Espanoia
santa Пzlaria

,"._
1*Ърн*л,;н,h;tчъlд; ;о .....
l, : , l'1 :i

ý ii Wbat do you know about the Galapagos ýapp*d t*xt

lslands? Work in pairs and answer the iil,:i, пеаd the article that sir David wrote about
questions.Then turn to page 140 to check. this visit, and check уочr ideas in Activity 2.
Don't worry about the gaps at the moment.
F,ffiГfiTt August issue

ii::l Work in pairs. Read sentences А-F. These

ýж&ж
г1
ll The Gaianaoos which sreature is
are taken from the article. what could the
underlined words refer to?
Ехаmрlе: lп E'they'could rеfеr to оп апimаl.
г1
Islands be}ong to th* most dangerous А lt would alI Ье 9опе.
ý" Chile to the wi}d}ife that В Western Еurореап seamen didn't know about them
В t}Te UýА liTes оп the iýieýdý? еаrliеr because they аrе in the mldd]e of поwhеrе.
U _ьсuаооr ý goats С They mainly sleep on boats, so the organisers can track
ý mosquit*es whеrе they аrе and plan to keep them separated.
rд
ц
'l'ne lslanсls are ý чriicl dogs
narned after which
D There аrе now two international airports,
- ]ives ýоrлr хпапу tnurigts Е They had to feed оп something and the only
creature that Ц
t h каиr vigit thg isiaxidg Vegetation they could find was seaweed.
^Y6'l
А lhe grant tor:oise *aeh year? F We сап mess up the Galapagos in the way that we сап
ý the ýaarine JL ý*,000 vеrу easily mess up the whole planet.
iguana ý }*0,**ý
ý the }:*оЬу ё э80,000 iilii Пеаd the article again and choose from the
tа type sentences А-F the one which fits each gap.
ol }эirdi There is опе extra sentence which you do
not need to usе.
лфfr ýЁ]F$.:sfr gidiw.r;*tr.ft }ilы,iý**ff-gшi{!*.

;l1.1 Read the information about Sir David fliK/..1,*Ч

"Ёti;:,
Attenborou9h. Do you think the situation in
use ref-orences such as personal рrопоuпs and relative
the Galapagos оп his 80th birthday was better
рrопоuпS to help you choose which sentence goes in
or Worse than in 1978?
which gap. They must link to the text before and аftеr
Sir David Attenborough is, without а doubt, the UK's the gap.
most famous Tv naturalist and Ьrоаdсаstеr and his iil there are six missing SentenceS, plus an
,i:l"lir ,t:lq.llllз

саrееr has stretched over 50 years. Не first visited the extra Sentence you do поt need.The sentences will
Galapagos lslands in l97В. Не rеturпеd there to film on come after the text.
his BOth birthday.

20 **it t il i.,:r.lli :l.] :i],1]l:

шF|iI дugust issue

ffi Work in pairs. How important do уоч think ýреаkýпg

conservation is iп areas like this? Why?
ffi Work in pairs.lmagine that you are trying
ffi Match the words and expressions underlined
in the article with meanings 1-5.
1 proteСting the епvirопmепt
2 believe/feel that
з something that makes us rеmеmЬеr
4 something that has both advantages and
disadvantages
поt accidentally
to protect the Galapagos lslands. Discuss
the problems below.Then compare your
ideas with another pair and agree оп а list of
recommendations.
How can we limit the пumЬеr of people living оп
the islands?
How сап we allow tourism without damaging
the wildlife?
What сап we do to rеduсе the пumЬеr of goats
and rats оп the islands?

Unit ? liапstоrft ]а [ior]5 21

 *,аэ*
=Еg=эFi*,
шsed t* э** ffi Underline the examples of used to and would
19f,*
ý,
i fа*ý
Е in answer В in Activity 2. Тhеп match ап
эяъjЬEЕа€
example to rules 1-3.
> GRAMMAR 1 We use used tо + infinltive to describe а past habit

ý Work in pairs апd discuss the questions. 2 We use used rо + infinitive to describe а past state.

iэr,. гзs tne way young people do homework 3 We use would + infinitive to describe а past habit.
cnanged очеr the last ten years? Why?
"ro\./ has the way we communicate with each other
$" дфъ&фLfдfl;н т:iЁ
changed очеr the last ten to fifteen years? Why? RеmеmЬеr the соrrесt fоrm when making а negative or
question with used rо.

ý Пеаd two answers to the first question in i:: 'уоu Ё,Еt rо,., ldidt, i ."sе to,,.
Activity 1 and answer the questions.
Which answer gives us simple, factual iпfоrmаtiоп
about the past and now?
ffi Complete the rчlе.
Both used to and would can describe а past habit but
Which апswеr emphasises the difference between
only ...... ........... can describe а past state.
what happened iп the past and поw?

п
ъ. Жý ffi фУ Listen to the first sentence of answer
ъ." В. How is used fo pronounced? Which letters/
sounds'disappear'?
А Whеп l wаэ at соllеqе t qb Ъопэ of
homewark avery Fridау апd l эрепL al1 ffi Complete опе studentЪ answer to question 2
wееkепd рlаппiпg апd wсitiпq mу аеэауэ Ьу
in Activity 1 with usеd to or would. Sometimes
hапd, lЪ took аgеэ. Every Эuпdау еvепiпg l
both are possible.
эhоwеd mу dad what l hаd dопе, Эludепtэ Well, l5 years а9о we (1).................... write letters to
Noday have соm?чЪеrт эо it'э quick апd реорlе that we didn't see vеrу often. l (2)....................
have а rеаllу nice реп that l got for my birthday and
aagy lype u? еээауg. lt|o аlэо эimрlеr
'о up iпfоrmаtiоп. Then the famiIy (З) ........... ........ have а pile of envelopes and
Na look l wепt, to little books оf stamps. Now l contact еvеrуопе Ьу email
Nhe library апd эрепL а lопg tiпе fпdiпg and l can't rеmеmьеr whеп l last wrote а letter! phones
iпfоrmаtiiоп iп Ьооkэ. There wеrе эhеlvеэ of (4).........,......... Ье different, too. We опlу (5)

Ьig, heavy Ьоаkg iп mу Ьеdrооm. Nоw all the
iпtоrmаt|оп iэ оп webgiteo|
В When l wаэ aN college l uэеd lo qat lопэ
of homework every Friday апd l would эрепd
а1lwееkепd рlаппiпg апd wriЬing mу еээау5
Ьу hапd, Every Эuпdау еvепiпg l wоuld эhоw
mу dаd whaN l'd dопе, ЭludепNэ Nоdау
have соmрчNеrэ ео it'э quick апd еаэу Lo
type up еэеау5. lt'э аlэо эimчlеr Io look up
iпfоrmаNlоп, Тhеп l uэеd t o qо lo lhe library
апd эрепt а |опg timе frпdiпg iпfоrmаNiоп
Ьооkэ.Тhеrе чэеdNоЬе эhеlvеэ of biq,heavy
Ьооkэ iп mу Ьеdrооm, Now alI the info rmаNiоп
iэ оп wеьаitеэ|
have landlines so when l wanted to speak to someone
privately l (6)...............,.... have to wait until everyone
went outl l (7)..........,......... only make phone calls when
it was important because they (8) cost quite
а lot, too. Now it's cheap and easy to use mobiles
whenever and wherever you want to!
,%рmжfufiшg
ýý Work in pairs. Write questions to ask about
someone's past habits and states. Then
change partners and ask and answer your
questions. Think about
iп
technology transport free time
home life
а Did you use to have а televisioп iп your Ьеdrооm
whеп you were о child?
No, l djdn't. We опlу used to have опе iп the living
rооm. lwould go dоwп опd watch опе оr two
programmes whеп l finished mу homework.

22 [Jnit } 1-1ansfolri];l!lcll:
 mапу other benefits. (4)..,................., this progress has
also caused us and our planet а lot of problems. Ever €I
people started telling stories there have
(5).................... J
Ьееп tales about people Ьеgiппiпg пеw lives iп new ý,
;}
places. (6) . usually want to escape from the
+.}
societies they live iп. Some stories аrе about people
setting (7).....,.............. to find uninhabited islands to
о
live on. Others are about rebuilding communities ý
(S)......... ....... а 9lobal catastrophe. But what would
ý,
happen (9) . .... ....,.. we could go back in time to ап ..}
еаrliеr period iп history and start all очеr again? What п
r
would we change? Would we (10)...........,......., the same J
mistakes аgаiп? А пеw science-fiction series on LTV ls
Civilisation has come а lопg way in (1)....,...,....,...... about а family (11).................... has the opportunity to
last couple оf thousand years! Advances iп science do just that, Ьу going through а specialtime gateway
and technology have helped us to live lопgе1 Ье into the past. Watch the beginning of their adventure
(2)...........,,..,,... active, travel in space and build mоrе оп Сhаппеl З tonight. it (12).................... definitely give
efficient places to live as (3) as giving us you something to think about!
9,

ffiреmkýпg нЖ&&4Yýр '.' l, ,' ,,'.

Ж Discuss the questions. Always read the text through completely first to get an
Some people think we should live simpler lives without idea of what it is about.
the benefits and problems of advanced technology. lп the ехаm thеrе аrе eight gaps and you have to supply
What do you think? the words yourself.
Have you read about оr seen any films about people
who have started а completely new community?
ffi Work in pairs. Student А tчrп to ра9е 140.
Student Bturn to ра9е 144.
Шже *пf Жжgýfrs&t
ýр*п с!охе
ýр*кý*frrтg
ffi Пеаd the article and say what it is advertising.
Don't worry аЬочt the gaps at the moment. Work iп groups. lmagine you are starting а
пеw community оп а deserted island with
ffi Complete the article with the words in the other people in your 9rочр. Discuss
the questions.
the Ьох.
Will you have а king, а queen оr а president?
,I

after who will the well off if

since however more they make
2 What will уоur official language Ье?
3 Who will vote and frоm what а9е?
4 Will you have ап army or а navy?
Look at your answers to Activity 3. Which
5 How much tax will people рау?
statement about this Use of English task
6 Who will Ье able to join уоur community?
is correct?
7 Will you have ап official religion?
The missing wоrds iп the text аrе usually content
8 What will your паtiопаl sport Ье?
words such as nouns, adjectives and verbs.
The missing words аrе usually prepositions, pronouns, жry_
i n kers, а rticles, other
l
9 rа m mаr-rеlаtеd words
ffi Compare your ideas with another group.
or collocations.

ýnit } Тr,;lзiсlлlаiiо::s 2з
 * *ý#,
ý* Writing
>WRIT!NG r:F=Ё,ЕNСГ р. l 70

lпfоrmаl lеttег
ffi Пеаd the letter again and answer
the questions.
Which words/phrases show that the letter is

written to а friend? uпdеrliпе them,

Why has Dave divided hjs letter into thrее
main paragraphs?

ffi Wbicb phrases does Dave чsе to

1 remind Karin about somethin9?
2 introduce а surprise?
Ж**жffiýкreg 3 show how he feels about something?
4 Say Something is understandable?
ffi Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and answer 5 indicate that he thlnks something will hарреп?
the questions.
6 end the letter in ап iпfоrmаl way,?
1 What do you think а 'mаkеочег'is?
'1-6 iп Activity
2 Have you еvеr seen а рrоgrаmйе about makeovers ffi Match the words in the Ьох to +,

оп TV?
something tells me that ...
you'll never guess what happened
ffi
Т
Kead the letter from Dave to Karin, his
l absolutely love it
English-speakin9 friend, and answer
the questions. as you might imagine
let me know how things are going
1 What is Dave's news?
you've probably forgotten but
2 What changes did the TV team make?
3 What does Dave think about the changes?
*
ffi Work in pairs. Tell уочr partner which room in
you, house you would like to have а makeover
and why.
Hi Kacin,
Do зо,j rеmеmЬеr I tota зоо аЬочt а'mаLеочеr'
,hоJ оп tеtечiзiоп? и)еll, joo toon f believe fhiз ffi Kead the question and make notes about what
Ьur mj dad фсоfе -lо them and а TV team асtoаllз you willwrite.
саmе hеrе and did а mаLеочеr on оOr Lltcl.enl It
you have received а letter frоm уоur canadian friend
r,oа5 а зJrрri зе fac Мum'э 4lrtln birthaaj!
Thej саmе_ Lоhile Моm and Dad Фепt to London fоr Helen. Read this part of the letter and then write
а Ыrъааj bceav*. Тhез tooL ечесзthiпз оrгr of tkre уоur letter to Неlеп.
Litchen, йеп cepainted if and р(fr in а nerp {оос and You told mе iп your last letter that you were gоiпg
lо*э of пеиl аррtiапсеэ. очс Litchen Uэed to Ье reallj to have а'mаkеочеr'оп а rооm iп your house. Has ir
оld-fазhiопеd Ьrrt phen the1 fiпiэkrеd it looLed а bit \ hoppened yet? Do let mе kпоw how it wепt!
-Nl
liLe one of -thоэе сYеf'э Litchen5 оп \ Love
I rеаl! tiLe it. The опlз рrоЬlеm iз Jtre соtоurэ, It -*J
trsea tЪ Ье Фhite and bloe and еVеfз 5U{пmес Dad mor-rld
cePaint it, brJr аlшазэ the заmе соlочrэ, Nor,o К'э gСееп
Ёж&trФ Tf р
and red! Vеrз Ьrцh*I Mtm шаэ rеаllз 5оrPci5ed а5 зоU
c,an gOеэ5! r-,lcBilj shе thiпLs ttrej've done an excellent ýш t{з* *к*пэ you may have to write а letter or an email iп
job but I've gоtЪ fееliпз that Dad'5 gоiпз fo have to response to part of а Ietter оr emajl sоmеопе has written
fePaint the шаtlз рсеttз 5oon! to you.
Do tocite sооп pith зоur пеф5.
Lоtэ of love Write your letter and remember to
Dave ffi
'l use an iпfоrmаl орепiп9 and closing.
2 divide your letter into clear paragraphs.

24 ý* it ? ir;: lsiol,|,,]at]o ni 3 cover all the points the question asks,

Е
ffi Choose ап adjective from the Ьох to describe ffi Choose the correct option to complete
how the people in situations 1-8 feel. the sentences. Sometimes both options
are correct.
nervous depressed amused upset
She would spend/used to spend ten minutes each day
exhausted surprised annoyed confused
brushing hеr hаir.
ldon't understand these instructions. lп fact, l Не used to be/would Ье very handsome when he was а
understand ечеп less than Ьеfоrе l looked at them уоUпg mап.
Тhеrе wоuldп't be/didn't use rо Ье cats оr dogs on the
2 The ЬаЬу wakes ечеrу two hours. l haven't had а good Galapagos lslands.
nioht's sleeo for weeks. Tou rists wo u ld col l ect/ u sed to col l ect she l l s f ro m the
3 |'ve got а job interview this аftеrпооп. l сап feel the beach until they Ьаппеd it.
butterfl ies in my Stomach. .......,.......,,........,...,

Wow! lt/y aunt has sent me а cheque for а thousand ffi Complete the sentences with the correct form
eurosl ТhаtЪ amazing! of used to/would and the verbs in the Ьох.
Nly neighbour plays loud music every night. Не is
ride play Ьчу live hate Ье
rеаllу antisocial. l feel like соmрlаiпiпg to the police.

When Janet was small she ..,.,...,....,......,.... olives, but поw

6 Oh dear, l haven't seen lVlarqo smile since he lost his she loves them.
iob l think he is reallv unhaoov with llfe. Seb......................... а motorbike, but he stopped when he
7 funniest book l've ечеr read. l can't stop
lt's the got married.
laughing, People оп the tube must think l'm сrаzу. Не so fat; in fact, when he was уоuпgеr he
.......,...............,.

was quite skinny,

Oh по, l've lost the bracelet my grandmother gave me А few years а9о Tessa
а lot of tennis, but
lt had а lot of sentimental value.
she had to give up when she hurt hеr back.
Thev iп this house. thev onlv moved here
ffi Complete the text using the words iп brackets.
а few уеаrs ago.
Use the correct form of the past simple or
present perfect. Не doesn't smoke so much these days, but when he
was уоuпgеr, he ......................... two packets а day.

ffi Choose the correct option, А, В or С, to

complete the sentences.
'l l didnt laugh ........................, your stоrу because l didnt find
it fuппу,

Afor ВЬу Cat

Whеп she was young she worked ......................... а rich
Аmеriсап family.
Aas Вfоr СЬу
Fоrоеt it - it rеаllч doesn't matter.
А from of В С about
lп the story she runs to join the circus.
А from В away С out
Don't make jokes ..,,... ................. old people - itЗ so unkind,
А about В frоm С of

Unit 2 l'lals|olr*;lions 25
 %р*хъ$я$жg

ýý Discuss the questions.

Do you belonq to апу clubs? Which ones?
,I

о2
Look at the courses advertised below, Which would you most and least
like to do? Why?

Read att ahout our ехсеllепt courses апd

Нчrliпg i;:lls* п*. ýirli}
lf you wапt to [еаrп to play ап чпчsчаl sport

thаtЪ fast-moving and part of а lопg lrish

decide which опе уоч d tike to try.
tradition then take чр hчrliпg! Wе trаiп
twice а week апd play in competitions
k l)rаmа апd musicals..,:r*:"s* з*,
Dо уоч епjоу
*ltý
епtейiпiпg other people? 0п
this сошrsе, а former West Епd director he[ps
уоч to [еаrп soпgs from ten top musicals апd
at the to рrераrв fur ап end-of-year charlty gala.

Jewe[[ery mаkiпg " , r.,

, ,; ,, ,: wееkепds. Why поt give it а go? Соmе а[опg апd have the time of уочr [ifel

ё
Ш
Learn how to make beautifu[ jewe[lery from
silver апd semi-precious stones. Astonish
уочr friends апd family with уочr аmаziпg
rЖl}iilil;. iilbhing from different ý? Ё:J,il'J;1l'-i'.,;IlГ.l;'ilii,;}}ilji1
ýpes of bread lo ехсitiпg pastries апd саkеs. а bit fчйеr? Мауhе lеаrп website design оr
creations, апd pBrhaps [еаrп the basics for а
You'll печеr wапt to hчу а cake аgаiп аftеr оthеr sШb trat might Ье useful whеп уоч'rе
пеW саrееr. joh? Check очt what this сочrsе
this сочrsв. lооКпg fur а

has to offur.
Еlеmэпtаrу саr mаiпtепапсе and rераirs
}К Saba, ".:;а fi 1|;l
р ; ul:ft1 ),.i_ t l }{
))k Move уочr feet to а Счhап heat. Lose уочrsеlf
Simple skills сап cut your gаrаgе repair bitls.
iп the mчsiс апd dапсе of this island - lsаrп Fоr furthеr details ahout
Lваrп hоw to change the oil апd lots of other
basic steps frоm Salsa champions Lоrrаiпе diffеrепt courses please contactthe сепtrе 0n
essential johs. 02761 44з?51 вr emaiI info@bluesideleisure,com
and Dave.

ýý ffi *# Listen to people talk аЬочt their hobbies. Match speakers '|-4
to the different courses in Activity 1.
Sреаkеr ] Г-l Speaker 2 Г-|
SреаkеrЗ Г*-] Speaker 4 Г-|

26 Раss!*tзs
Lýжtmнчýжъg ffi Гiпа words/phrases in Activity 4 to match
meanings 1-8.
ýý ж }týжý* п"эаtсý: i узр
ltJ
1 difficult 5 requlres а lопg time
ffi tisten again. Choose the reason that speakers
'|-4 give for going оп these courses from the
2 see if you like it 6 organising
3 there is nothing mоrе 7 l rеаllу love
list A-D. to Say 8 was uпаЬlе to stop
kept doing something doing something
ж}*&рý з-кр althouqh it was hard
Use the time you are given to read through the options so
that you know what type of information you are going to
listen fоr. Underliпe words in the options that mау help you ýý, d* aýd pfýy
flr* tfi"ч* m *вt,tз there are five speakers and eight opt]ons,
Ж ffi ffiS Сору and complete the table with the
words in the Ьох. Then listen to check.
А lt represents values that l admire. Speaker
swimming chess
1

в lt satisfies а need to Ье creative. Speaker 2

bowling

с lt is а complete change frоm Speaker З

ап evening class karate

what l normally do.

go i '-'- "'- -

,do
"

lt's practice that will Ье useful Speaker4 Г---l i P,Fy

in the future.
]

:i
Wж*ж&*аяЁ**"у
с*зý ý**eti*ýý: paýtimeý ж
**ýý
даа the words in the Ьох to the table in
Activity 6. Тhеп add two more activities to
ffi Choose the correct options to complete
each column.
the text.
judo cards shopping voluntary work
clubbing board games the housework
skateboarding crosswords tennis

'|'m passionate сав.

{1) foriabout
ffi Complete the sentences with o/i at, iп, оп, into,
l love old classic саrs, mоdеrп superfast models - tet's about or Ьу.
just say l love cars (2) fulUcomplete stop! Му dad was а
good
lViy sister's really karate but shеЪ
mесhапiс апd l guess l got (3) addicted/hookedon саrs hooeless tennis.
Ьесачsе l used to watch him rераir епgiпеs whеп l wаs а |'m vеrv keen olavino chess but l'm not
hоу. l did engineering at college. that fond playing Ьоаrd games,
lt wаs {4) rочgfi/tочgh at first Ьшt l stuck (5} with/оп it апd N,4ybrother's fascinated ancient history
got mу degree, Nоw l сап say l kпоw а fair аmочпt аЬочt so hеЪ doing an evening course on it,

cars, although in realiý it

l'п passionate роliriсs but l'm not that
.,..,,......,....,..

(6) takes/makes а tifetime to

interested history in gепеrаl.
N/y dad s mad .....,...,....,...,. саrs but l'm not rеаllу
kпоw ечеrythiпg!
them.
At the moment l'm

(7) rчлпiпg/rаisiпg some Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about
courses оп hasic саr your hobbies and interests. Use the words and
phrases from Activities 6-8 to help you.
mаiпtепапсе at the Сепtrе

hесачsе l think а lot of

уочпgstеrs are interested iп

ffi Work in small groups. Turn to page 140 and do
the activity.
looking аftеr their оwп cars.
ltъ fчп апd useful so do соmе

аlопg and (8) looltlcheck it очt.'

ROЬiп WilliamsOn
Unit 3 Раssiопз 27
 Жeadir"lg ffi Matcb the чпсочпtаЬlе nouns in the
Ьох with headings 1-4.
ý Work in pairs. What subjects would you like to learn
more about at an evening class? skiing beauty wood water
health reading chocolate milk
ý Bead about evening courses at а college. Are they all
very expensive?
,|
а liquid
2 ап activity
3 ап abstract поuп
4 а material

Ноw mчсh time have уоч got to spend оп lеаrпiпg something lя}lЁ,чАýЕ,тlр
пеw? 0пlу а littIe? Тhеп why not check очt the ечепiпg classes The word пеиrs Iооk countable but it is not.
at East College? lt's used with а siпgulаr verb, e.g. The news
А lшt Bt шшr stшd*пts tak* qшпlifiсаtЁожs. &thers *illTpiy wапt to вtшdу was interesting,
sшшшt!зir*g i*tвrвкtiшg, ftBad wltжt ggi"fig gf ш$r satisficd ýLшdgцts s*y

Expressions of
нhшшt шшr,сsшrýýs,

'I'm 20 and I have а full-time job so I have little time to go

to сочrsеs during the day. Му friепф_апd I аrе learning
ччапtitу
Spanish at ап evening class. It's fantastic! There аrеп't mапу
students in очr class so wе can learn чеrу quickly! Lаst time
ffi Гiпа examples of each of rules 1-5
in the text in Activity 2.
Iwas in Spain I сочldп't speak much Spanish, I опlу knew а
few woTds, Ьчt поw I know а lot.' use some iп affirmative statements and

f, f JдcKTIIltлMoNs questions when you ехресt the answer'yes'

2 Use опуiп questions and negatives
е with being ап ассоuпtапt;Ьеliече it or not,I'd iike
lffiffchef! I'm passionate about сооkiпg апd I'm tаИпg ап 3 use much, little, а littlewith uncountable
evening course that will lead to а cooking qualification.The noUnS
tutors are ехсеllепt апd they give а |ot of advice аЬоut Д*rý 4 |Jse mа пу, few, о few wilh countable nouns
get work iп the profession aftbr finishing the course '
Ж 5 lJse lots of/o /оf ofwith uncountable and
МДRТIN МКЯ plural nouns

ffi Choose the correct expression of

quantity to complete the sentences.
l can't speak sоmе/апу Portuguese. Not
one word!
l read а few/a lot of detective novels. At
least two а week.
|,ow muсh/mолу qualifications have
you got?

сошпtаьlе and Lrпссuпtаьlе почпý 4 l haven't gol mапу/а /ог of homework

tonight - only с little/little English.
} GRАММАR RЕFЕRЕNСГ р,l48 Did you golo sоmе/опу nightclubs when
you were last оп holiday?
ý looK at the почпs underlined in Activity 2. Are they
l don't eat mчсh/mапу chocoIate when l'm
countable (C)or чпсочпtаЬlе (U)?
оп а dlet.Itlaybe one small piece а day.

ý Mark the statements true (Т) or false (F).

ffi Лпswеr the questions or change the
1 we can use а/апьеfоrе an uncountable поuп. sentences in Activity 7 so that they
2 We add -s to make ап uncountable noun plural. are true for you.Then compare уочr
answers with а partner.
3 We use а singular verb (e.g. is) with ап uncountable поuп

28 Unit 3 Passions
Фýili+
--9е ,". t"i
ffi ] *
I,* ia"{
Listen to а pair of candidates talking
*_;+ *ib]':l
ц f , . {,q
;rp ", ",9:, ýýi
cJiýcuýsli"lg an{:i iпсЁгасгiпg about the first picture. Do they mention the
points уоu made in Activity 3?
ý Discuss the question.
When is having а passion for something NOT а good ý} Complete phrases 1-8. Тhеп listen again
thing? Сап you give some examples? to check.
Organising the discussion
ý]i WorK in pairs. Look at the photos and say
ОК, (1) begin with picture 1,
what each one shows.
Lets (2).,,...,...,,........on to picture 2.
С*ýýаЬ*rасiч* tesi< lnvolving your partner
Work iп pairs. Read the task and say what Do you (3)
ýý ..........,.,.......?

you think the good and bad points are for Don't you (4) .........,...,,..,..?

the first photo. What do you (5) about this one?

Giving ап opinion
А magazine is going to publish а serles of articles ]

about people's passions. Here аrе some of the | (6) .................... it's great to ..,
passions they аrе going to write about. But тL,е (7) is ..,
points
,

Talk to each оthеr about the good and bad i

That's а good (8)
of having passions like these.
; Now decide which article will Ье most interesting iЭ} Даа the phrases in the Ьох under the correct
heading in Activity 5.

where shall we start? what lthink is that

How about you?
|n my opinion
Lеtъ talk about this one l feel that next.

Work in pairs and complete the exam task in

Activity 3.

жк&ýч,т,нilе,
iil thеrе аrе по pictures, just word options. You
itляэ *;t;лгтl
have two minutes to talk about the first part of the task
and one minute fоr the decision making part.

?ý WorK in pairs. Тчrп to page 135 and do the task.

::rlý]].]].]:]
:aniйb:llý,

Liгсil ý l].::;:,,.l]
 ýр*жkýжg
ffi look at the photo and the definition. Answer
the questions with а partner.

daredevil л [С] someone who likes doing

dangerous things
.,]]ii:i.:::i|i]::]:,:}:..:.]::::].i ,,,,,:,::::::::::::::lý::]l]]]i:i]:|ý::ii]']|}|ýraa]||]]iý:1]:i]:ii:]:]::].'

1 Why do people like to take such risks?

2 What other activities do you think daredevils do?

Жmmdýшg
Жultiрýе пзаýсhiпg

ffi Kead the article quickly. Which three activities

are Dаппу, Kilian and Stella famous for?

ffi Пеаd the article again and answer the

questions Ьу writing D (Danny), К (Kilian),
or S (Stella) at the end of ёЬсh line.

жж"&м Y&р ]

Read the texts quickly Ьеfоrе looking atthe questions to Ж Оо you thinkthat putting videos on the
get а 9ood idea ofthe content. internet encourages people to take
iп the ехаm there will Ье between four and six short foolish risks?
texts and ten qUestions.
Vm*кhшIаrу
Which person phrasal чегЬs with шР

has performed in films? ýýг_l ffi Matcb the meanings 1-6 with the underlined
phrasal verbs in the article in Activity 2.
works а lot with сhildrеп? ýýг__l 'l ima9ine/create
started formal training at а young age? ýýг_l 2 go frоm Ьеiпg а child to an adult
was inspired Ьу seeing а short film? ýýг_-l 3 begin а new activity or hobby

used to mend vehicles? ýýг__l 4 Ье looked аftеr and educated

takes part in competitions regularly? ýýг-l 5 finish somewhere you didn't expect to Ье
6 stop doing something
became ап overnight sensation? ýýг_l
went аьrоаd to learn mоrе? l]ýг__l ffi Choose three of the phrasal verbs and
write three sentences about your personal
has often been lnjured? ýýт__l experiences.Then remove the verbs to make а
gap-fill activity for your partner.
started Ьу doing а different sport? lýrГ__l

ffi Wbicb activity do you think is the most ýpeaking

dangerous? artistic? difficult?
ffi Work in groups. Discuss which of the three
fun to watch? stupid? sports in the photos above should Ье included
as an Olympic sport. Соmраrе your ideas with
other groups.

30 t"}nit 3 lrassions
Dаппу MacAskilI
Dаппу is а Scottish street trials рrо-ridеr who was Ьоrп
and Ьrоuqht uo оп the lsle of Skye. When he released а
video оп YouTube that showed him реrfоrmiпg stunts, it
changed his life. The video showed Dаппу cycling up and
down trees, riding along railings and jumping off roofs.
HiS flatmate filmed him and а few huпdrеd people
watched it оп опе day! So fa1 mоrе than 20 million people
have seen it, Since the video appeared, things have
progressed quickly. Тhеrе was ап аrtiсlе about Dаппу in
The NewYorkTimes, he worked оп а Hollywood film as а
stuntman, he арреаrеd iп аТV commercial fоr а new саr
and he was nominated fоr the Action Sports Реrsоп of the
Yеаг. Danny eventually gave up his job as а mechanic so
that he could ridе full-time and he now lives iп Edinburgh.
А new video shows him going back home to Skye and
doing some spectacular stunts. However, his sроrt isn't
without risk. Не has broken his collar Ьопе thrее times.
According to Danny, he spends his time in hospital
thinking up new stunts!
kilian Маrtiп
When Kilian tVlartin was ten, he jolned а gymnastics
school in Маdrid, Spain. At the same time, he developed
а passion for suгfiпg. However, with the ocean оvеr
six hours away, daily ргасtiсе was impossible. Then
he realised he could take up skateboarding to help
his suгfiпg abilities, After а уеаr of this, Kilian [Vаrtiп
discovered freesty|e skateboarding when he saw Powell
Peralta's skate video ВапТhis, Не realised that this style
of skateboarding would allow him to use his gymnastic
abilities. [Vlоrе imрогtапtlу, it would gtve him the
opportunity to Ье mоrе creative. When he turпеd 21, hе
decided to mоvе to Саlifоrпiа, whеrе he set out to master
his skateboarding skills. Kilian copied mапу freestyle tricks
апd adapted them to street skateboarding. Since then he
has developed his own unique style. Не has achieved а
level of skill that has put him in а class of his very own.
Stella McGowan
Stella McGowan. who grew uo iп London, hasn't always
Ьееп а champion break dапсеr. When she was уоuпgеr
she had problems at school and became involved in petty
сrimе. Her Ьоуfгiепd ended up in рrisоп and she asked
herself 'What am l doing with my life?' She won а place at
а vеrу good dancing school whеrе she started to do Ьrеаk
dancing. She has Ьееп competing fоr уеаrs now and has
ечеп Ьееп British Ьrеаk dancing champion. She has also
been to Af riса to shoot ап advert and
recently danced at а store opening \
Stella is чеrу busy these days
and she teaches and trains
Up to SlX hours а day. She
has also given advice to
many of the youngsters she
teaches. 'Kids need to feel 'л
good about themselves, l try
to show them they can do what
they want and that any drеаm is "
worth working for. l сопsidеr
it а life skill]
 Listепirrg ffi Choose the correct options to complete dialogues
1 and 2.

Ж Оо you think skydiving would Ье scary, 'I А Sоrrу l'm latel Haveyou waited/Hove you Ьееп waiting
amazing or both? Why? а lопg time?
В Yes, l havegot/got hеrе four hours а9о. lп fact,
ЖФ 1 1 Complete the interview with а l waited/have Ьееп waiting since three otlock. l

skydiver with questions А-С. Тhеп listen hove alreody read/have already Ьееп reading lhree
and check your answers. magazines апd l have druпИ have Ьееп driпkiпg five
А Have you ечеr had апу landing scares?
cups of соfГее!

В How many times have you parachuted fоr charity?

2 А How lопg didyou write/hoveyou Ьееп writiпg

С How lопg have you been skydiving?

detective stories, Helen?
в well, l started when l hove been/was а student.
l have Ьееп writing/wrote them ever since.
А So how mапу have you written/hove you Ьееп
writing altogether?
В l hovewritten/have Ьееп writiпg 17 books, thаtЪ опе
еVеrу year.

ffi Complete the text about Jeb Corliss with the past
simple, present perfect simple or present perfect
continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

@ ЕI!ýЕТfirfi Monday, June 1'1

Fасiпg чр to Fear
Jeb Corliss is а professional dare-
devil. Не )................... (rbk)his life
(,l
iп extreme sроrts for mапу years.
Не (2).......,.......,,.. (start) taking
chances when he was very young.
Не (3).....,.............(Ье) just а tod-
dler when he (4).............., .,..(лumр)
from the highest diving board at
а swimming pool! At ап early age
doctors (5).....,.............(realbe)
that Jeb had 'counterphobia',
which is а skong desire to face fear.
Не (6)...,,,...,......... (dlsсоиеr) base
since, Не (8)...........,....,..(fhrоw)
himself off the Eiffel тоwеr, The
petronas Twin Towers in kuala
Lumрчr, and SеаttlеЪ Space
Needle. lп 2006 the police
(9)............,...... (arres1) him while he
was trying to jump from the Empire
State Building. lп the past few
years he 00)..........,..,..... (oush)
himself even further. Recently in
China, he (11),,,,,,,.,,,,,,,..,, (jumр)
frоm а helicopter at 2,000 metres
and then (1 2)........,,......,.. (grde)

jumping - leaping from buildings through а ЗO-mеtrе gap in Тiапmеп

with а parachute - 15 years ago Mountain, Who knows what he'll
and he (7).,....,...,........ fumр) ever think of next!

Рrеs*жt perfu*t sirTrple

Фr frФпtfiпuшшs Ж Ф"l? Listen and underline the stressed words.
Notice how have/has Ьееп are рrопочпсеd. Listen
> GRАММАR REFERENCE р,149
again and repeat.
ý Matcb the questions А-С in Activity 2 with 1 How long've you been skydiving?
the descriptions 1-3. 2 l've been skydiving since 2006.
asks about ап activity that started iп the past and 3 How lопgЪ he been base jumping?
is still сопtiпuiпg (рrеsепt perfect continuou5) 4 НеЪ been base jumping for 1 5 уеаrs.
asks how often something has happened to her
(present perfect sim рlе)
ffi Work in pairs.Turn to the reading passages оп
asks if she has had а certain ехреriепсе (рrеsепt page 31. Choose опе of the people and
perfect simple) role-play ап interview with him/her.

з2 Unit 3 Passions
'' . the programme. What good
. ." ,
li tl
,i:,,,l Read а review of
\'Ц;tr] ii;;](x;lrf,. ),1.:iх"*.,. J ili :.о'ltrl -
and bad things does the writer mention?
Last night's documentary focused оп lrish
l}11il l-abel words 1-4 поuп, verb, adjectiye and
adverb. Then underljne one prefix and circle dancing and followed а пumЬеr of young
two suffixes. (0) p_y11gt,1Фr: . iп their рrерагаtiопs fоr COMPET|TION
1 teach 3 slowly the аппuаl wогld (1) . ...,.....,..... Тhеrе wеrе CHAMPlON
2 uпhарру 4 worker по big cash prizes, yet their (2) TRAIN
demanded а lot of (3)..................... frоm the DEDlCATE
lli:,,i:l Complete the words in italics in sentences 1-8
competitors and ап impoгtant amount of
with the suffixes in the Ьох.
(4) frоm the families. The саmеrаs COMMIT
-lап -ment -ship -lоп -lп9 showed us scenes of jealousy as well as
-neSS -or -hood (5) ,.. . lп the end there wеrе both FR|END
winners and lоsеrs, Тhеге was (6) HAPPY
We had а уisiг . . . ... ....,...,.. last week а пd she stayed for
fоr а few but fоr the majority, uпfоrtuпаtеlу,
thrее days,
l really iove snawbaard.,... and гпу parents
there was (7).................. and tеаrs. Му hеаrt DlSAPPOlNT
bought me а new snowboard for my birthday. went out to опе teenager who was tегrifiеd
I\lany people say that the computer was а British of her mum's (8) ................. if she came REACT
iпчепt,,..,,..,............. but l'm not sure about that! second оr third.
N/yfriегd ard had о big orclu .. . yesterody
and we haven't spoken since then. , Use the words given in capitals at the end of
Whеп you're in а competition you lTustn't show апу the lines to form а почп that fits in the 9ар in
w е а k............,...,...,....| the same line.
6 Some people sti]I can't do maths well even when they
get io c,?duli
ЕНJЪ,r"т '}-i
7 People in our аrеа had а lot of hard.....,..,,..,,,......... when
{j!

the local factory stopped producing саrs. When changing words you sometimes need to
8 We had to get ап electric........ to sort out the make additional small changes in speliing, е.9.
problems with our lights. dedicote, dedicatioп,
ii": iil.:l ail,,l;it'r'i there is а mixture of diffеrепt word types
i:1,1 1-ook at the photo. What sort of а TV to fоrm.
programme do you think it shows?
i,;: Sboula parents encourage children to
compete at an early а9е?
Why/Why not?

-t*
.Ar

*j
ь#;i
 W*жmfuqкЖжш-у ffi Wbicb information do you expect а film review
to include?
ýýnn
,l
А detailed outline of the story.
ffi Work in pairs. Give а title for each
2 The паmе оf the film апd some background iпfоrmаtiоп.
type of film in the Ьох.Тhеп answer
з Some information about the main topic of the film.
the questions.
4 what the writer liked оr didn't like about the film.
thriller science fiction fantasy 5 The length of the film and the names of аll the
animation/cartoon war story cast members.
romantic comedy drama 9angster story Whether the reviewer thinks other people should watch
comedy documentary horror love story it or поt.
action historical drama western
ffiж&м Y*р
1 Which types of films do you рrеfеr and why?
You сап USe the present simple iп а review whеп describing
2 Do you ever read online or magazine reviews of
the story of а film оr book, but try to USe а rап9е of language
films that you аrе gоiпg to see? Why/Why not? iп the rest оf the review to make it interesting-

Wrýftýшrug
ýgvý*w
ý\ýRýТýNG RГГýfi,ГГtСГ р, i63

ffi look at the poster. What sort of film do you think

127 Ноиrs is? What might the story Ье about?

ffi Kead the film review and underline examples of

the points from Activity 2.

ffi Would you like to see this film? WhуД/hу not?

and make notes for your

about survlval and,tells
the rеаl story of Аrоп ffi
"'" "
Пеаd the ехаm question
review under the раrаgrарh headings 1-4.
Rаlstоп, а сапуOпееr
whose passion is to i Ап online international magazine
has asked readers to
travel through canyons j contribute reviews of an ехсitiгlg ilm they have seen
using climbing and caving *9Ц!.
i recently. Write а review iп ] 20_ l80 ___
skiIls. Аrоп falls down а
Paragraph'|
-
паmе of film апd some general
hole and is trapped whеп
iпfоrmаrlоп
а huge rосk lands оп his
Paragraph 2 mоrе details about the story
arm. The film follows the
StOry Of how he fights Paragraph 3 why you liked оr disliked it
t0 stay alive and free Paragraph 4 sum uр уоur opinions апd give
уоur rесоmmепdаtiоп
What l loved about the film was how опе actor manages
to hold оur attention for the whole time. lt's ап excellent Ж WorK in pairs. Look at уочr раrtпеrЪ notes for the
реrfоrmапсе, We see right inside the head of the сапуопееr, review and comment оп them.
and feel his feal hope and desperation throughout the
terrible ехреriепсе.
Ж wri," your review. Read your classmates'reviews
This film really makes us think about the dangers of and say which films you would like to see most
extreme sроrts and the courage of people who do them. and why.
l would definitely rесоmmепd it to апуопе who has
considered taking up а dangerous sport!
Ж WorK in small groups.Turn to page 140 and do
the task.

з4 t}nit 3 Passiotls
ЖЖ Choose the correct options to complete ffi Head the text below and decide which answer
the dialogue. (А, В, С оr D) fits each gap.There is an example

Darren Wow! How {1) mопу/muсh rесоrds have you

at the beginning.
got in уоur collection, NЛurrау? 0 А looked В given С brought D caught
Murray Hundreds. I've печеr bothered to count. 1 А to help В helping С help D helped
l co|lect rесоrds because (2) sоmе/апу of
2 Awould в was used to С had to D used to
them don't exist as CDs. l get (3) а few/a little
of them from friends but l get most оп еВау.
3 Aoff В up С out D down

Darren So tell mе, how (4) muсh/mопу do you рау

4 Afor Bas СЬу Dlike
fоr them? 5 AWhereas В But С Ноwеvеr D Although
Murray (5) Few/Little of them cost mоrе than f5. 6 Аоп Bfrom СЬу Dof
l usually spend frоm (6l а little/a fеw репсе 7 Awhile В for С as D during
to about f20. 8 Aalotof В mапу С lots D much
Dаrrеп Could you give me {7) sоmе/ап advice 9 А а little Bmuch Cfew Dafew
about how to begin а collection? 'l0 АТо Ье В Fоr being С Being D Fоr to Ье
Murray collect what you like and don't buy 'l'| В yet
lt4m, yes,
sоmе/апу records you know willjust sit
А since С already D just
'l2 В go make
{8)
on уоur shelf. А do С D play
ч,

PregressTest l 35
 ý;ý Complete the sentences using the correct Complete the letter with the words апd
почп form of the words in capitals. phrases in the Ьох.
Millions of visit Paris each year. ToUR
1 ........................,
The main рrоЬlеm Luckily Lots of love
2 |'m hooeless at . l iust fall очеr
got а feeling
|'ve Hi
you won't believe this
all the time.
Do write soon As you might imagine
Не did а course to improve his .............,........,..
Do you remember
of mathematics.
She is such а talented ...,,....................,you
wouldn't guess that she's опlу 1 1. (|). ................ Gеmmа,
l had no idea that he had become such
а famous Аст
(z)... .. .. . l tоllзои that / d appliel to Ье
They рlап to spend their . . .., .... in а
cottage Ьу the sea. RETlRE part ofthe Еrаstпиs programme that а//ошs
*
_l She spent а happy with her stиlепЬ to stulу abroad fоr а year? Wе//,
:
grапdраrепts. cHlLD (3) Ьиt l hare Ьееи accepted оп the
The secret of ....,.................... is to Ье satisfied prolramme аиl l have асtиа//у had ап offer
with what you have got. HAPPY
frоm tшо ипiчеrsitiеs!
lt was а that lasteфtheir
entire lives. FR|ЕND
10 There is а lot of to qet into (4)............,,,,,,, Dael is шоrriеl аЬоиt mе.qоiиq
....,,...........,...,...

that school. сомрЕтЕ abroac| fo" s"ch а lопg time. (5),.................,

Миm йiпks itЗ а faпtastic орроrtипitу. А//

put the words in the correct order to
make sentences. the sаmе (6),,. that Dad шi//trg to
make mе сhаиqе mg miпd. (Z)....,,.,,.,....... is
goes / out / Jason / печеr / to / restaurants
getttпg the mопеу tоgеthец Ьиt / thiиk / сап

2 online / how / you / shop / do / often ?

get аgrапt,

3 ever/9olthe/ hardly/we/days/tolthese,/cinema (S)...,.,,,,.,,...... cuith

уоиr пetus.

(9)
4 the /lo/ р|ау /tennis /rhеу /used/time/all Аrапха

5 eat / often / Diana / doesn't / very,/ out

l / see / quite / Elil often / Ihе / al / swimming рооl

 :j.,:::: Complete the second sentence with Match the films in the Ьох to descriptions '|-6.
between two and five words, including
the word given, so that it has а similar horrorfilm western romantic comedy
meaning to the first sentence. gangster movie wildlife documentary thriller

Ехаmрlе: Last mопth lwos given responsibility

shows the life of the
ernperor, l]]

for booking gigs for our Ьапd. ti was aTnazing really,It

oVER
Last mопth l Фe&,g.":r..hp.ki:,g.g,(t."_....,... for travel across the iee, ....,..,"""""" .1

our Ьапd.
1 LеtЪ поt lose contact again.
ToUcH
LеtЪ Гrоm now оп.
The last time l saw He]en was four уеаrs а9о.
SEEN Say it'5 the scariest
O'..n -n'" movie, but I have tO
.lr
| ..................... . ....,. four years. 'ra "'О "l аrе these сhildгеп, ,l,:ii1.::::::::
film l've ever seen, Тhеге
We have аrrапgеd to meet Л,4е9ап and Sam them А:уwау:
Ж ;;,;.;, ," ta ke са ге of
]l: :i: :::::ъ?;
outside the cinena, ;::"'ff ;.*,i
LUltvl!,L
fecomes ::;1]
n, d е п ave о
", g|l't] keep"..
n
h
]: т : л"1,.,л:н;
r

UP ", Tl"'' appeattng, t rо, ;ldn,t

,oai, two evil sегчапls
We аrе .... Nzleqan апd Sагп "'
outside the cinema,
l got hеrе at three otlock and l'm still waiting
to see the doctor.
WAlTlNG
l .,...,....,................,...... three otlock to see the
doctor.
Cynthla rеаl ly enjoys horse-riding.
KEEN
Cvnthia horse-r]dino.
She spent her childhood in that house.
UsED
She iп that house when she
was а child.
ltъ about а handsome young tenniý coach, who rnakes
l рrеfеr lэоwliпg to ice-skating.
friends with а really rich family. Не has а relationship with
RATHER
| . , .., thanice-skating.
the daughter, and is accepted Ьу the family, but at the
Same time he gets involved With another WOmаR, Апуwау;
Сап you соmе and collect me from he commits а terrible crime, and you spend the rest of the
the station? fi|m Wondering if he Ь going t0 get caught, Tte ýuspense
PlcK
Сап you ... from the station?
is almost unbearable.

l з7
 Жр**ýеýжg
ffi Work in pairs and discuss what can 9о wrong on а holiday.Think about
the following things.

travel arrangements luggage weather health

accommodation accidents crime

ffi *ж*же$Ё*ъ *в
€ е%#WWЁs q*Ь

ýЧiхýtýрý* *ý:сз}**

ffi Read the magazine article about а holiday that went wrong. What is
the best definition of а close shave?
] а situation when you just escape some kind of accident
2 а very short haircut
З а small reduction in the рriсе of something

жж&р€ тЁр ffi Пеаd the article а9аiп. Fоr questions 1-6, choose the answer (А, В or С)
which you think fits according to the text.
The questions will always Ье
in the оrdеr that the апswе[s
The divers What did the dragons do when the
come iп the text.
th* ек*gтэ thеrе аrе six
А were hoping fоr some fun. divers were оп the beach?
ýп
questions and each question
в wеrе conscious of some А They retreated to а safe distance

has four possible апswеrs.

possible рrоЬlеms. В They gradually became braver.

Read the whole text before

С wеrе looking fоr something
exciting to do.
you rеаd the questions.
What stopped them frоm drowning?
А Beinq stronq swimmers,
В Telling eacl^ other stories,
С Finding somethin9 to hold onto.
When people аrе in dапgеr from
Komodo dragon they should
А get to the nearest high point.
В hit it With hard objects.
С swim as fаr away as they сап,
С They qot huпgriеr and hungrier.
How did FrапkWiпklеr mапаgе to
fiпd the divers?
А Не found them Ьу pure luck.
в Не saw them frоm the аir.
С Не calculated where they wеrе.
а The writеr su99ests that the divers
А were lucky to escape bad injury.
В quickly made а full physical and
mental rесоvеrу,
С complained about the situation
too much.

з8 А s*пsе *f *dvе;rturе
 А Glose sheve
Мппу oJ us haoe соrпе backfrom hol|day uith соmрlаiпts abou,t the hote| the
food or the aeather Вut th,at's поthiпg compared to the ехреriепсе offi,oe tou,rists
uhеп they 7ýепt оп а simple diоiпg trip пеаr Bali.
T-trv, но1-1одуйдквкs wеге looking fьгwаrd to ап
ff епjоуаЫе hourJs diving, but they сеrtаiпlу got mоrе
J- than they had expected! As they set off оп their
adventure, uпаwаrе of апу dапgец it seemed like апоthеr
day in paradise. They had по idea thеir short dive would
turп into а tегrifуiпg 48-hоur ordeal.
They had finished their dive, and they wеrе swimming
back to shоrе when the strong tide stopped thеm from
rеасhiпg the land. They struggled dеsрегаtеlу in the
water, but eventually they realised it was ап imроssiЫе
task. Strong сurrепts swept them furthеr out to
whеге they knew there were sharks. Their only hоре for
survival was to stay as а grоuрJ so they tied themselves
together. Luckily they found а lаrgе piece of floating
wood and this рrоЬаЬlу saved their lives. After пiпе
hours, when they wеrе losing hope, опе of therrr spotted
а tiny island. Using thе last of thеir energy they managed
to swim to the shоrе. Ноwечеr, unknown to them,
their оrdеаl was just beginning. Апоthеr danger was
waiting fоr thеm - the Коmоdо drаgоп, the world's
largest lizard.
The Komodo dragon is а саrпiчоrе with ап епоrmоus
appetite: it eats pigs, dееr, and оthеr dragons. А fully-
grоwп drаgоп can kill ап animal twice its size with
its 60 shаrр teeth. If уоu try to gg!_away, it Will соше
аftеr you. Тry to climb а tree and it will wait fоr you.
And if this isn't bad enough, one tiny bite can kill
Wоuld you like to go оп an adventure holiday
where there are some risks involved?
Why/Why not?
llg"l i- "
l i;l"
i 3
;.:r: Match phrasal verbs 1-6 to definitions А-F.
А
1 set off become
2 tUrn into В rесоvеr
з get away с calculate
4 look forward to D begin а journey/adventure
5 work out Е escape
6 get оVеr F Ье excited about а future event
убu. The,exhauSted divers wеrе trying to rest on thё
beach when а grоuр of these terrifying creatures саmе
towards them. The fгightened divers threw rocks to drive
them away. This situation continued for two sleepless
nights, but as the dragons Ьесаmе mоrе confident, they
started to соmе closer and closer. Тhе divers' situation
was fast becoming hopeless and по опе else knew whеrе
they wеrе.
А hеliсорtеr search for them had to stop because
thеrе wasn't епоugh fuel, but fortunately help саmе frоm
sea another direction. Their saviour was Frапk ý/iпklец а
Gеrmап who rап а diving club. ý/ith amazing skill, Frапk
used his knowledge of the tides and сurrепts to work out
whеrе the group цrаs likely to Ье, and sent а couple of
speed boats thеrе. Опе boat was passing the island when
someone saw а tiny fiрrе waving desperately frоm the
beach. Тhе group was saved!
As you сап imagine, the divers wеrе absolutely
exhausted, hungry and thirsty but оthегwisе they had
suffered just а few cuts and bruises. Almost immediately
the news of their rescue was sent to their delighted
families who had feared the worst. The divers soon
gat ay9! the physical effects of their awful ordeal, but
the psychological effects will probably rеmаiп with them
fоr а long time. So Ьеfоrе we соmрlаiп about а noisy
hotel, оr the terrible food оп оur last holiday, we should
rеmеmЬеr these divers, and consider ourselves lucky.
Complete sentences 1-6 with the correct form
of the phrasal verbs in Activity 5.
lf there is рооr рlаппiпg, any triр can
а disaster,
You'll .........,....,,..,.,...... апу bad ехреriепсе if you have
enough time.
The best part of а holiday is the time you spend
to it.
l always from home а long time before
l
пееd tо arrive somewhere.
ldon't usually how much l spend in
another сurrепсу when l'm оп holiday.
When l go оп holiday l like а complete change
of scene, so l always to Somewhere
completely different.
Work in pairs. Do you agree with the
statements in Activity 6?
!jr!]! ф ,'i ']r'] ]'],]
 Reading ffi Complete the rest of the story with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets.
ffi Пеаd the storyabout Susanna Evans. Howdid
she help someone on her way to college?

ШЕlvý>
|п the right place at the right time
Susаппа Ечапs, а student at Brightlea College, was well рrераrеd for ап
important Frепсh ехаm. lt (1) was rаiпiпg so she decided поt to walk but
to take the bus. She (2) was waiting for her bus at the bus stop whеп
she had а shock. The mап beside hеr iп the queue suddenly (3) fell to
the ground. Susаппа immediate|y knelt down and |istened to his chest.
His hеаrt (4) had stooped and he wasn't breathing! Luckily, Susanna had
dопе sоmе First Aid training а few months earlier and she kпеw what to
do. She started pushing dоwп оп his chest with hеr hands апd whеп the
аmЬulапсе arrived with the paramedics five minutes later he had started
breathing again. What а sИrt t0 her day!

ffi Пеаd the story а9аiп and match the

underlined verb forms 1-4 with the
descriptions A-D.
А а completed action iп the ра$ .
В а continuing action giving background information
С an action which happened before апоthеr action
D ап action iп progress when another action happened
Nаrrаtiче tenses
} GRА}v!мАR RГFЕRЕNСГ p.l49
ffi Matcb the underlined forms iп Activity 2 to
the correct tense А-с. Тhеп find another
example of each tense in the text.
А past simple
В past continuous
С past perfect
ffi Пеаd the comments and decide which
happened first (1) and which happened
second (2). lf both actions happened at the
same time, markthem (S).
After the woman had phoned (..1..) for ап ambulance,
put (.Z.) my coat under the man's head.
2 When the mап fell (......), l
was talking to my friепd
Time phrases
ffi Choose the correct options to complete the
sentences. Look at Activity 5 to help you.
дftеr/дftеrwаrds l had checked iп, we did some
shopping at the airport.
2 During/While the fl.ight to the USA, l watched fоur films,
3 Ву the timе/Дs sооп as we got out of the plane, l saw my
uncle waiting fоr mе.
l spent all afternoon water skiing. Дftеr/Дftеrwаrdsl
slept fоr two hoursl
While/During l was reading оп the beach, ап old
wоmап tried to sell me some пеw sunglasses.
while/when we met the оwпеr of the boat, we asked
him if we could go fishing with him.
l oversleptthis mоrпiпg апd bythe timе/аssооп cs l got
to the dining rооm, my parents had already finished
l
their breakfast.
l was really sad while/when we had to leave the island.
(......).

3 When the mап fell (.....,), l immediately phoned for ап LANGUAGETIP

ambulance (......).
lt is а good idea to use time phrases i n,stories,,.io',shбw
His hand was bleeding а little (...,.,) because he had hit the оrdет of events.
itwhen he fell (......),
А lot of cars were going past (......) so it was difficult to
hear the ambulance driver's instructions (......). ffi Work in pairs and tetl уочr partner аЬочt
l\Луlittle girl started to сrу (......) when she saw the man уочr journey to class today. Use narrative
on the ground (......). tenses and time phrases from the activities
on this page.

40 Unit 4,Д iri5. пГ ао\,сг:ulс


tr.:,,.
YшсаЬчlаrу
hoýidays and tгаv€}
ffi Work in pairs and look at the
photos. What do you think people
do оп these different types of
holiday? Which one would you
prefer to go on?
ffi Choose the correct options to
complete the sentences. Тhеп
change them so that they are true
for you.
Му parents used to travel/voyoge аЬrоаd а
lot whеп l was young but поW they don't.
We spent а day at а thеmе parUtour for my
last birthday.
l епjоу activity/becch holidays where you
сап just rеlах and read а book.
l had а tеrriЬlе travel/journey to work
yesterday because all the trains
wеrе сапсеllеd.
l usually watch а lot of films оп а lопg
trip/flight,
N/y ideal city breal</tip would Ье in ltladrid
iп еаrlу spring.
ýpeaking
l-ong tuгл:
ffi Wоrk in pairs. Look at the pictures and read the task.
What points could you include in your answer?
These pictures show people оп difГerent types of holiday.
Compare the pictures апd say what you think the people
аrе enjoying about their holidays.
ЖФ 1З Listen to FеliреЪ answer. Did he mention
your points?
ffi Complete the phrases that Fetipe uses to speculate
аЬочt the pictures.
1 Thev аrе а lопо wav from their homes.
2 l ,,...,...,...,,.......,....,. both holidays аrе interesting fоr different reasons.
3 lt.....,............,.......... Ье iп Аfriса,
4 l it's rеаllч cold.
5 as if shеЪ there to do some skiing.
6 The oirl who is camoino like Ьеiпо awav from
оthеr people.
ж Work in pairs. Answer the questions using some phrases
from Activity 5.
,|
Why do you think the people have chosen to go оп these holidays?
2 How do you think the people аrе feeling?
3 What рrоЬlеms сап people have when they're оп holidays
like these?
ffi Пеаd the follow-up question and choose the best answer
А, В оr С. Then say why.
ЕхАм TlP
The follow-up question for the candidate who is listening is usually
а personal question.The answer should Ье mоrе than one word but
not very lопg.
а Which hoiiday would you рrеfеr?
А ld рrеfеr camping in the snow because l love skiing and l епjоу
being in the mountains.
В ld рrеfеr camping in the snow as l'm а keen skier and l spend
а lot of my time iп snowy areas. Last wiпtеr l had two winter
sports holidays iп Austria which l enjoyed а great deal. l don't
раrtiсulаrlу like gоiпg to vеrу hot countries and l'm not that
interested in animals.
С The camping holiday.
ffi Work with а partner. Turn to page 135. Student А: do
the task. Student В: listen and answer the follow-up
question. Then turn to page 138 and swap roles.
Unit 4 д sense of аdvеп,iurе 41
 Жр*жý*fr*зg Жф t ý Complete
the colloquial expressions
1-6. Тhеп listen to check. Listen а9аiп and
ffi Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
repeat, paying attention to the intonation.
1 We can learn mоrе from travelling to difГerent
countries than we can at school. Do you а9rее? mеап sort stuff suppose tricky know
Why/Why not?
2 Would you like to spend а уеаr travelling around the 1 l ......,.................. you could call it that!
world? Why,tVhy not? 2 lt wasn't exactly а sudden decision, you
3 тhаr of thino.

hfrж*еrъf;нъg 4 l see what vou

Гýr_lýtipýe с}зоiсе 5 That's а опе to answer.

6 We kept up-to-date with maths and
Жф "!4"
Listen to part of ап interview with а girl
who went with hеr family оп а year-long trip ffi Complete the dialogues 1-4 with the
around the world. which countries does she expressions iп Activity 4.
mention? 1 А ltЪ going to Ье difficult to get а ticket if we don't

ffi listen to the interview again. Fоr questions 2 А Was it an exciting trip? В Yes,
1-5, choose the best answer, А, В or С. Тhеrе were сеrtаiпlу some unexpected events!
9 3 А Who was the most interesting реrsоп you met?
trY&м "гlý}
В .....................................,.......,.Тhеrе wеrе so many.
This раrt of the Listening рареr can check your 4 А What did you eat in Japan? В tish, riсе
understandlng of gепеrаl and specific iпfоrmаtiоп, and
opinion.
!yr the ежашз there are seven questions. ffi Work in pairs. lmagine you went on ап
adventure like JеssiеЪ. What do you think
Why did JеssiеЪ parents decide to take their children would Ье the best way of travelling? Where
оп а уеаr-lопg adventure? would you choose to go?
А to give them direct ехреriепсе of life in
other countries
В to Ьriпg everyone сIоsеr together as а family
С to show them the things they поrmаllу only
see on ТV
They chose to fly because
А it was quicker.
ýt..ig.*ý3

в it was less stressful.

С it was сhеареr.

What did the whole family like best about their trip?
А seeinq different traditions
В having direct contact with animals
С watching а festival in China
How did I\4atthew feel after his white-water
rafting ехреriепсе?
А Не was grateful to his dad for saving him.
В Не was proud of his adventure.
С Не was terrified of going in the water again.
lп Jessie's орiпiоп, the educational value of the trip
А has benefited hеr more than her brothers.
В has put her ahead of other students in her class.
С has given her ап advantage in life.

42 ý-jnit 4 А sense of advetlTtli"c:

 Ж*md&жg

ffi Work in pairs. Look at the photos and describe

the sort of journey the peopIe are having.

ffi Read а driчеrЪ description of her journey

and underline adjectives that make it
sound dramatic.

Last winter we had а lot of snow and опе night

when we wеrе dгiчiпg home there was а tеrriЬlе
sпоwstогm. it made driving а nightmare and we
couldn't get up the hill outside our village - it was
too icy. We decided to walk home because we wеrе
quite пеаr, That was а BlG mistake. The pavements
wеrе соvегеd in snow and we kJpt falling очеr.
Also, it was dark and another snowstolm started, lt
was tеrrifуiпg. We couldn't see which way we wеrе
goingl lt was frееziпg too - апd we didn't have
gloves оr hats. lt was so good to get hогпе, We
wеrе exhausted and starving because we hadn't
еаtеп for hours. Not а good night!

Жж*у*rвъ* жdý*ж*ýчr*ж

ffi Matcb the adjectives '|-'|О with the extreme

adjectives A-J.
'l cold А exhausted
2 hot в terrible
3 huпgrу С fascinating ЖW 1S Listen to the dialogue and repeat. Сору
4 sсаrу D deafening the stress and intonation as closely as уоч can.
5 tired Е freezing А Was it а scary journey?
6 interesting F enormous В Scary? lt was terrifyingl
7 small G tiny А Was it cold when you fell into the water?
8 bad Н starving В Cold? lt was freezing!
9 big l terrifl7ing
10 loud J boiling ffi Лаа five more dialogues to Activity 4 using
the adjectives from Activity 3.

ý-Afi*ffieJAffiffi т,ýр
Work iп pairs. Tell each other а story чsiпg
We don't use иеrу with extreme adjectives but we сап
some of these adjectives. Begin like this.
use absolutely to make the adjective еvеп strопgеr,
e,g, lt wos *fuпо/ыfе/у freezing! l'll never forget the timе whеп l ...

Urrit 4 А senst o1,advc.li:ure 4з

 Rеаdiпg ýш biect/Фbiect q uеstiсrrrs
ffi Пеаа the news story and } GRI\MIEAR RЁГЕRЕNСЁ p.l50
summarise it in опе sentence.
ffi look at the two questions and the answer. Choose the
correct options to complete the rules.

Aston Martin Q|
Q2
Who saw the car in thewater?
Whatdid JimТчrпеr see?

takes а dive д
'l
Тчrпеr saw а car iп thewater.

Ql is asking for information about the subject/object of the sentence.

f)eople out fоr а walk пеаr Lake
l Gаrdа couldn't believe thеir 2 Q2 is asking for information about the subject/objecr of the sentence.

eyes when they saw а саr speeding 3 Questions about the subject of а sепtепсе use/do поt use auxiliary
verbs оr iпчеrsiоп,
towards them down а паrrоw and
windy road. The next thing they
knew, it had gone off the road and
into the lake with an епоrmоus
splash. А пеw James Bond film was
being filmed in the аrеа and they
thought this might Ье а scene from
that! They wеrе surprised that,there
wasn't а саmеrа сrеw пеаrЬу. Ig fact,
ffi look at the questions in Activity
2 again. Which are
subject and which are object questions?
007 wasn't behind the wheel. The
driчеr was Fraser Dunn, an Aston
Martin technician whо was on his ffi Пеаd the dialogue between а newsreader and а
-\мау reporter and complete the rероrtеrЪ questions using
to the film set to deliver the car.
тhе unfortunate Frаsеr lost control the words in brackets.
of the саr and ended up in the water. A=Alice С=Саrlо
Nevertheless, in true Bond fashion, This is Alice Westwood with the news. We are just gettin9 reports of а
Frаsеr fought his way out of the саr рlапе in the Hudson River. We аrе going to our rероrtеr on the spot,
Ьу himself. Worried witnesses saw Саrlо Santos. А terrible accident! Can you hеаr me, Саrlо?
а чеrу wet Frаsеr climb out of the с Yes, loud and сlеаr.
lake. They managed to pull the саr
А Thank you. So when (1) . (the ассidепt/hарреп)?
out of the wаtец but the film-makers ..............,,........

had to оrdеr а replacement. с lt was just six minutes after take-ofГ.

А And what (2)......................... (cause) it?
с рrоЬаЬlу birds, geese l think.
lt was
А And what (3)
................ ,. (the pilot/do)?

ffi Пеаd the story again and match с Не decided to land the рlапе in the riчеr,
questions 1-6 to answers А-F.
А lп the rivеr! Why (а)........... ..,........,..(he/choose) to do that?
1 Who saw the accident? с Because they wеrе too far from ап airport. And he didn't want to
2 What did the people see? crash the рlапе in the city.
3 who drove the саr into the lake? А So what (5) . ..(hорреп) to the passengers?
4 Who did people see climb out of the lake? С Everybody got out of the рlапе.
] 5 What did the people think it was? А Who (6)... .. (rescue) them?

6 What did the film-makers order? С People оп boats from the fеrrу terminal.
А Frаsеr Dunn, ап Aston lИаrtiп technician
А Thank you very much. Wе'rе all glad that they're safe.

В wet Frаsеr
С
а very
people out for walk
ffi Work in pairs. Student А turn to ра9е 143. Student В
а turn to page 144. Ask your partner questions to complete
D а replacement the story.
Е а scene frоm а film
F а саr speeding towards them

t"lnit 4 А sense оf acjventure

ЖЩ*mffiýкъg ЬJж* *ъ# Жwъgýýжffi*
Кеу иrоrd trапsýgу,rпеýiýпý
ffi
--'-
Пеаа two texts about Jason Barnes, а
racin9 champion.
former motorcycle complete the second sentence so that it has а similar
Underline eight phrases in Text 2 that
ffi
meaning to the first sentence, usin9 the word given,
are different from Text 1. The first опе You must use between two and five words, including
has Ьееп done for you. the word given.There are some clues to heIp you,

ffi
"' looK at the phrases you underlined in
ffiж&р$ тýр
Text 2. Which changes have been made
in each case? sometimes there is more You usually пееd to make mоrе than опе change when you write
than опе type of change. the second sentence.
lээ th* *кпm,* there аrе по clues to he|p you.
1 а change of tense Example: used to Ье

2 а phrasal verb Ехаmрlе: Не mапаgеd to get out of the соr.

'N
3 а different phrase оr item of vocabulary Сlче: ИУе пееd а чеrЬ wtth а similor mеапiпg tо'mапаgеd to'
that is followed Ьу 'iп we пееd to look at the fоrm оf the verb
4 а different time expression
after'ini too,
5 а different verb pattern не -:y.r:rй.d.lr.,.,,. getting out of the car,
lt is interesting for us to visit new countries, lN
clue: we пееd to chanqe the form of lnгeresred so it
has а passive sense.
we аrе new countries.
lcan't decide whеrе to go оп holiday, MlND
Clue: We пееd to find ап expression that means
to decide.
I can't ....,......................,.. where to 9о оп holiday.
We can't wait to see you again. FoRWARD
Clue: We need to use а рhrаsаl verb with the
meaning of сап't waft ro do something,
We are seeing you again.
We couldn't take the boat because of the storm.
AccoUNT
clue: we пееd an expression that means becouse.
We couldn't take the boat ,...................,........, of the storm.
Peter, do you Want to Stay in а hotel оr 9о camping? RATHER
:Jаsоit.ýЪй_Ьs:Фýý,яýф а iii&dý,э, гritjf0rсусlе Clue: We need an expression that has the idea of
rасеr, Whоп he was 17 уеаrs old he won wопt or prefer.
'swýФrФlýlЯФý,l,сrýtj iЬпаl events;, Peter, .....,....................... iп а hotel оr go саmрiп9?
ý6ц€ýýt&яýý$.*gевriфФýý:ýФrеа ],Q,, 99,9 l You should make the most of your time in Paris. ADVANTAGE
:ýý,Фý*ioi.thtj:ýiddle of ап important гасе
Сlче: We need an expression that means to mаkе
liЙЙ''hе hit апоthеr ridеr. Jason hurt his |eg
the most of lоmеthiпg.
badly and had to stay in hospital fоr а long
time. Luckily he has rесочеrеd completely
You should your time iп Paris.

and has started riding аgаiп. '|'m rеаllу looking lп my opinion, it WaS а foolish thing to do at coNcERNED
fоrwаrd to competing againi says Jason with his age,
а big smile. Clue: We пееd to think of ап expression that is а
way of giving an орiпiоп.
As far as , it was а foolish thing to do
at his а9е.
8 she climbed the cliff Ьу herself, without апу help, owN
Clue: We need аП expression that means Ьу herself,
without апу help.
She climbed the cliff all
, without any help,

l"'nit 4 А !0п!с of .]dv{:]rl'r,u],0 45

l
 ýреаkimg ffi Пеаd the report again and underline
а рhrаsе that gives the purpose of the report.
ffi
1
Work iп pairs.What sort of information would
2 an example of а subheading.
tourists who are visiting а town or area like to
know about it? 3 ап example of ап impersonal style.
4 а rесоmmепdаtiоп.

ffi Пеаd the exam task.lf you were а tourist 5 а sentence that summarises the report.
would you like to know about these things?
Why/Why not? Which alternatives would you NOT find in а
report? Why?
Your English teacher has asked you to write а report
about exciting activities that tourists can do while оп
holiday iп your аrеа. Choose two or three activities
and write your report.

\Мrfitimg
D ллл-t
l\gр\.rr L

}\&IRýT!NG RЕГIRЕNСГ р" l67

*
ffi Пеаа the сапdidаtеЪ answer.Would you like
to do апу of these activiti&?

Rероrt: Holiday activities

lпtгоdчсtiоп
The aim of this герогt is to give some iпfогmаtiоп
about the гапgе of exciting activities that реор|е
сап do iп оuг агеа.
Ехtгеmе sрогts
Тhеге аге sечегаl сепtгеs whеге you сап do
diffегепt sрогts such as Ьuпgее jumping, sky diving
and рагаglidiпg. lf you епjоу taking а гisk thеп you
wi|l love what they сап оffег you. Sресtаtогs аге ffi Kead the exam task again and add notes to
also welcome tоо. the grid аЬочt а report on exciting activities
tourists could do in your аrеа.
Моtоп пасiпg ечепts
Тhеге is а famous гасiпg сiгсuit iust outside lntroductlon
the town whеге уоu сап watch local and паtiопаl
competitive events ечегу Sаtuгdау. lf you would
Activity 1
like to dгiче а гасiпg саг уоuгsеlf, that's possible
too. You сап рау fог а lesson with ап
ехрегiепсеd dгiчег. Activity 2
Ghost ччаlk
Fог а diffегепt sогt of excitement thеге аге weekly
Ghost walks агоuпd the old tоwп of Nапсhеstег, :::":::,
А guide takes gгоuрs of people оп а tоuг of the conclusion
oldest buildings in the tоwп and tells the ghost
stогiеs соппесtеd to them.
Gопсlчsiоп
lf you want something exciting to do thеп thеге
ffi Write уочr report.

аге mапу оррогtuпitiеs in this агеа. lп огdег not tо

ýжАн,,тI,р
Ье disappointed it is а good idea to book ahead as
Alway!, use,hea.ding,ý1fol] the.OirBient lsectioni,]and ma ke
these activities аге ofEen чегу рорulаг.
surе.У,q'liпgUаgе'iý]поt too informa1 or'colloquia l.

46 Utэit 4 А sense of ad,;enture

 ffi Complete the text using the verbs in brackets. ffi Cboose the correct options to complete
Use the correct form of the past simple, past the sentences.
continuous or past perfect. 'l I\/artin was cooking the mеаl,
,...........................,.
N/iriam laid the table.
А When В During С While
We got to the front of the queue,
there were no tickets left.
When Непrу (r)......................... (Ье) а student he and his А After В Ву the time С As soon as
friend Топу (2) ...., |decide| to go оп а hitch- we found the book, we took it back
hiking holiday in Frапсе. After they (З)............... to the library.
(wcif) for ап hour Ьу the side of the road, а driver А Afterwards В When С During
(4)............... (srop) for them. They (5} l see Jane, l'll rеmiпd hеr about
|uпdеrstапd) that the mап (6)
the party.
..... (plan) to
drive frоm north to.south without stopping and he А As soon as В While С Bythe
time
(7)............... (пееd) someone to keep him awake.
не soent all dav studvino, he met
Ноurs lаtеr, while Tony (8)
,
..... (sleep) on up with his friепds.
the back seat, Непrу (9)...........+. (do} his best to А After в Afterwards С when
entertain the driver. They (rO) ...., (drive| she had had а shower, she went for
through а mountainous аrеа in the South of Frапсе а walk in the old town.
when the driver suddenly (11) ......................... (fCI'\ А Afterwards В Ву the time С After
asleep. The саr (r2)............. (go) off the road and
into some small trees. Luckily, Henry and the driver ffi Пеаd the story and Write questions for
the answers in brackets.
(l3)............. |get out| of the car unhurt. But most
surprising of all, uпdеr а lot of luggage and blankets, Amanda Boyle was furious whеп а thief stole
her smartphone. Ноwеvеr, when she phoned
Непrу (14)............ fi?nd)his friend between the
her number the thief, Rоrу Boggs, answered.
front and back seat. Не (r5)....... (Ье) in such а she asked fоr his паmе and address and he
deep sleep that he (16)............ |поt ечеп wake up|. gave it to her. She told the police, who arrested
Rоrу. Amanda got her рhопе back and Rоrу
went to prisonl

Complete the sentences with the correct form of Ехаmрlе: hoМAmanda feel? (She felt furious.)
the phrasal verbs in the Ьох. Match the meaning of . !!.с g. lid, Аr!.!, li g,
f,-, Р,.
the words in brackets. 1 who/take hеr phone? (а thief)

turn into |ook forward set off

get очеr work out get away
2 what/Amanda do? (She phoned her пumЬеr.)

lt took mе three weeks to ........................ ..,... (rесоvеr frоm) the 3 who/answer? (Rоrу Biggs - the thief)
illness l caught оп holiday.
They stopped him from (escaping)by putting а 4 whaУAmanda ask fоr? (his паmе and address)
guard at the dооr.
з (Ьесоmе) а bed.
This sofa сап ..............................
5 who/Amanda tell? (She told the police.)
4 l use аroute рlаппеr to ......,.................,,....(colculate) the fastest
way of getting somewhere.
what/happen to Amanda and Rоrу? (She got hеr
5 l ............................ ., (сап't wait)to seeing Lucia again.
рhопе, he wепt to prison!)
6 We need to ...................,.... .,..,. (leave) early tomorrow morning to
miss the traffic.

Unit 4 ,', ,-r,.-, l al)t,,] ,-l.: 47

 Wш*mЖрь*ýж"rу
shсэрs п** sh*ppiжg
Оо the questionnaire and compare your answers with your partner.
!ýý
' Тhеп turn to ра9е 142to see what уочr answers say about you.

What kind of сопsчmеr are you?

Agree Disagree
,'\
о It's important for mе to wеаr well-known brands and logos. tj

о I often go to second-hand bookshops. a_ir]

i.,_;

о I prefer shopping сепtrеs to street markets. i}]}

@ I [ike shopping in independent shops mоrе than in chain stores. {*\

\J
.;\

о I buy а lot ofthings оп credit. i,} l;

l-t
@ ] think it's good to buy myself [uхurу products from time to time. i,} l}

о It's mоrе сопчепiепt for mе to shop at an out-of-town hypermarket

than in а [оса[ shop.

@ I buy а [ot ofthings in sa[es. {_.i i)

о I a[ways go оп а price соmраrisоп website to find the best dea[. ii

(E i sti[[ Ьrоwsе in bookshops, but пеаrý a[ways buy books оп[iпе. * l}

ý DowntoaO questonnaire f Uotoacl questionnaire ý Subscr Ье а{а

48 Th* сопsurп*r s*c!*ty

ý Matcb the underlined words and phrases iп ý Шstеп again and answer the questions Ьу
the questionnaire with meanings 1-8. choosing between А, В and С.
1 а very large supermarket
2 а рlасе outside whеrе реорlе buy and sell goods
3 а type of product made Ьу а particular соmрапу with
its own паmе
4 опе of а 9rоuр of shops owned Ьу the same соmрапу
5 look at things without necessarily wanting to
buy anything
6 а small design that is the official sign of а соmрапу
You hear а woman leaving а voicemail message оп а
7 а large covered area where there are а lot of phone. Why is she leaving а voicemail message?
diffеrепt shops
А to ask her friепd to phone her
ап arrangement to рау for something later
В to invite her friend to go late-night shopping
С to change an arrangement with her friend
ý Matcb these sentences to the statements in
You hеаr а man talking about shops. What does he
the questionnaire.
think about them?
much easier to buy things with just
'ltЪ so
of the mouse]
а few clicks
А They should try to improve the shopping
experience for customers.
'l like getting clothes that аrgпt the same as
everybody else'sJ Р-
"
В They need to think of ways of selling things
mоrе cheaply.
'That way you know уоU'rе поt going to see it cheaper
anywhere elseJ
С They сап lеаrп frоm what happened to bookshops.
You hear two friends talking about а car. What does the
'I\/ауЬе it costs а bit but it makes you feel good!'
girl think?

ý Write some comments to explain your А ВоЬ should buy another car.
оwп answers to the statements in the В ВоЬ should igпоrе the noise.
questionnaire. С ВоЬ should ask ап expert to look at it.
You hear а conversation between а girl and а Ьоу

Speaking about а computer problem. What is the problem?

А The site won't transfer music.

ý Oiscuss the questions. В She has forgotten her username.

1 Where do you or your family go shopping for food? С She is using the wrопg log-in information.
2 What effect has the iпtеrпеt had оп the way you and You hear а Ьоу talking to his mother. How does he feel
your friends shop? about her request?
А angry that he can't do what he wants to do

Listening В impatient that he will lose time

Multiple cl"loice С wоrriеd that he won't have enough mопеу

ЖО 17 Listen to people talking in different ýpeaking

situations. Match the topics А-Е with
dialogues 1-5. ý Discuss the questions.
А а carрrоЬlеm HoW important iS it fоr you to have the most rесепt

В buying music
gadgets? Why?

С going food shopping Do you think that people will do aIl their shopping
online iп the future? Why/Why not?
D the sales
Е new things iп shops

Unit ý The сопsumеr society 49

 Ж*mdfiжg
ffi Kead the instant messages. What is
LоrпаЪ problem?

Lorna Маппs [6.01]

Hi Dave! l'm in а bit of а panic. ltЪ my mчmЪ birthday
tomorrow and lU completely forgotten! Do you fancy
walking into town this evening? l must get her а present.
Dave (arter [6.02]
Oops! Sounds like а good idea - but look outside.
lt (1) Ъ going to rain at апу moment.
Lorna Manns [6.О2]
Oh, no problem - (2) l'll borrow DаdЪ car and pickyou up.
Dave Carter [6.02]
ОК. What (3) are you ooingto get her?
Lоrпа Manns [6.03]
МауЬе а book iп that new store i#the shopping сепtrе.
She loves detective fiction so anything with а dramatic ffi Complete the dialogues with the correct form
cover (4) will Ье fiпе! of the verbs iп brackets. sometimes more than
Dave Carter [6.03] опе form is possible.
Great! l (5) might get one too. ТhеrеЪ а new Kate Carstairs А Do you want to have а соfГее and а snack in the
out. l have to Ье back Ьеfоrе 9.З0. ls that ОК? Му sister shopping сепtrе this afternoon?
(6) Ъ соmiпq round for а chat. Also, l want to see the пеw
documentary about Africa - it (7) starts at 10.30.
В l ................,........,.,.. (mееr)Теrrу outside lt/axi's at З.] 5 so
we ..........,...........,....... (соmе) along toThe Coffee Bean
Lоrпа Маппs [6.О4] afterwards. оК?
We'll Ье back well before 9.30! l сап pick you up at 7 - ОК?
А fuоч buv\ anvthino in the
Dave Carter [6.04] sales tomorrow?
Fine. See you then. В l'm not 5ure. l .. some new boots
....................... (9еr)
but l ...,......................... (see) how much money l've got!
А Do you think we (Ье) home Ьу В.00?
Wьлtшr* fшп,rтъж В Sure. The shops .....,...,....,...,........... (c/ose) at 7.00 so we
(definitely Ье) back Ьу 7.З0.
} GRАММАR REГERENCE р,l5l
А LеtЪ go to the market after lunch. l сап't go еаrliеr
ffi Matcb the underlined forms 1-7 with the because l .........,,..,,.., .. .., ..фlау) tennis with Mike iп
uses A-G. the mоrпiпg.

А ап intention - something you've аlrеаdу decided

В No рrоЬlеm, lt.............................. (Ье) less crowded
then, too!
В ап arrangement
С а decision made while you're speaking
5 А ItЪ пеаrlу 9.00. We (Ье) late for class.

D а prediction based on belief

В Don't wоrrу. l (ехрlаiп) that it was
mу fault.
Е а рrеdiсtiоп based оп something happening поw
F а possibility
ffi Work in pairs and talk about
G а timetabled event 1 something you intend to do this evening,
2 somethin9 you've аrrапgеd to do next week.
LlhNG{,JAЁE TlP
З something you believe will hарреп later today.
We often use rиril/ after verbs and phrases such as / rhiпk,
4 somethin9 that is possibrle tomorrow.
l kпоw,l'm sure,e.g. I rп sшrе you'l/en_joy the film.
5 something you decide to do while уоu'rе talking.

50 tlnit 5 The consumer" socieiy

 аф.-t
*.," 11 _$fi ф* ii"'fi fr Гli.SY

l,; work iп pairs. А bookshop needs to attract mоrе customers.

Here are some ideas. Do you think they аrе good ideas?
Whу/Whу not?

coffee bar free gifts kids'corner author visits

loyalty card second-hand book section

ф1$} i]..; Listen to the owners of the shop and tick the ideas in
Activity 1 that they mention.
']|;1
, l ,а,", J

:::ll::' l-isten again and complete the sentences from the conversation.
1 ................,... Ьrаiпstоrm some ideas,
Lor]rttr,.,Card 2 г]оw ,.., ., hаviгg а ,,,
зi lt
4Whv ?

5 And what do vou think havino ...?

6 Why .......... we have ...?

7 l'm not too . about that.

8 lt ......,.... ... Ье Ьеttег to ,..

;ii1;;:
С.ру and complete the table with phrases from Activity 3.

Making suggestions ,
Rep_ly|n9 а susэеsl]оп
1о
Sha]lwe...? t ool1
We could always ..

i".
,.')."{.
.,,..;.,..,,,,.
j'" :, ',"
-!.
. l ,,, '|,t i,,\-ч

ii;.:il WorK iп pairs. Tell уочr partner аЬочt one town centre that you
like going to and one that you don't. Explain why.

.ii,,:i: 1-ook at the photos and read the task. Discuss the ideas with
уочr partner.
street musicians
: * {i : ,_*ýr.**r.
l l'd like you to ima9ine that the shops in your town centre аrе losing
l business because ofa lаrgе shopping centre that has орепеd пеаrЬу.
l Talk to each оthеr about how these ideas could help the town сепtrе
аtгlас1 mоrе shoppers.

{llji]tilj$i$фlti]i$TI*iш!lЁfl_]&ý,ll

"iГ{Ёls
ti:]i{Jj\}ч

Don't rush through the options but take time to talk about as many
options as you сап

outdoor exercise class

Work in pairs. Turn to ра9е 136 and do the task.

lJ*it ý'l .l,., 1a)i']ii..]i:|.:]i li]]| ia]:' 5'|

ffiржm$*fiкчg Ww*жfu**ýmrу
ffi Work in pairs. How mапу ways to save mопеу d*cýmcing vr*rсlх frопl eýý"}text
can уоч think of? Think about food, transport
and entertainment. ffi Matcb the underlined words iп the
article to the meanings '|-8.
а table of dishes of food where 9uests
Жmжdýrкg serve themselves

ýаgзр*d ;:ext а place that grows vegetables without

using chemicals
ffi Read the article. Does it mention апу of the ideas you something extra you receive that you were
discussed in Activity 1? not expecting
4 а religious mап
ffi Read the article again and choose from sentences
5 drinks fоr а group of people
A-G the опе which fits each gap. There is one extra
6 а difficult task
sentence which you do not need to use.
7 а small example of а product given to people
as an advertisement
жжл&рýYýр
ап event where а new book is publicised
Always read the who|e text all the way through and all the
options before you try to гпаtсh sentences to gaps. The Complete the questions with the
sentence you choose must make s5nse iп the context апd fit the correct word(s) from Activity 4.Then
gap grammatically.
answer the questions.
!п gtl{. glз111 lhere аrе six gaps and seven options to choose from,
What was the last (..............................) you received
in а shop?
А Kath admits that she ate а lot of soup during the уеа1 made
WhаtЪ your favourite type оf food in а (...............
from reduced-price vegetablesl
...............) ?
lп particu|ar, she was сопсеrпеd about being able to afford
What's the most difficult (..............................)
а good present fоr hеr brother when he got mаrriеd in 12
you've had recently?
months'time.
Do you еvеr eat food that was grown оп
lп spite of this, she was able to save еvеп mоrе mопеу in а
a(n) (.,...,,..........,...,....,...)?
rапgе of different ways.
Do you think it's Ьеttег for workers to get а
She used l 1 ,З00 of the mопеу she had saved to buy her
higher salary оr to receive а (..............................) fоr
Ьrоthеr а lifetime membership of the NationalTrust as а
hаrd work?
wedding present.
Would you find it interesting to attend а (..........,
Е But it was not like that at all.
...............,...) and meet an author?
F Ечеrу time there was а public event and а crowd was needed,
lwas there,
She couldn't afford а mobile phone. ffiржm&*ýжg
"=-*fýýМ
ffi Work in pairs and discuss
the questions.
Do you admire Kath or do you think hеr
*g

challenge was pointless? Why?

|#.ь
What is the minimum amount of money you
€е ,.уý
think you could Iive on а day?
,_

,||: о- Which of Kath's activities to save mопеу

wouId you NOT do? Why?

-qг
 TBachBr liшвs
pub or anything like that so l would drag friends
out to art openings and book launches.'
She ечеп managed а holiday visit to hеr

0п EI а ilal,
brother in Frапсе Ьу hitchhiking to the Channel
Тuппеl and persuading а Frепсh woman to take
her to Frапсе as а passenger. Оп the way back
she travelled оп the ferry with а lorry driver, and
Атн КгLLч, а teacher of English to foreign
had dinner at the drivers' canteen.
students living iп Bristol, was complaining
about all her money worries to а group of Апу form of public transport was too
expensive, so Kath did а lot of cycling during
friends, (1) ...............,.... So she came up with ап
unusual way to save mопеу. She promised her the уеаr. This increased because of another
friends that she would try to live for 12 months saving she had to make. (5) ...........,,....... So
she would simply cycle to friends' houses if she
spending по more than а pound а day.
The next day Kath wfsn't so surе that she had wanted to speak to them and leave а note if
made the right decision. Although her rent and they were out.
епеrgу bills were paid for, she still had to buy
food апd clothes, рау for transport and have а
social life - all on one pound а day! Kath said,
'Му mates all tried to stop me. They thought l
was mad. They imagined I would Ье living like
а monk, печеr going out, оr borrowing from
them. (2) ....................'
Kath discovered lots of ways to find cheap
food. She often went to supermarkets near
closing time апd bought last-minute reductions,
She filled her freezer with 10р loaves of bread
and other cheap items. (3) .........,........... She
also picked fruit from bushes and always took After а difficult but fascinating 12 months,
free samples from people who were advertising Kath successfully completed the сhаllепяе she
things iп the streets оr shops. had set herself. (6)......,.,.......,.., Another bonus
As another way of getting food and a|so as of her year's challenge was that she met and fell
раrt of hеr social life, she started going to lots of in love with Вrчсе Taylor while she was working
free events, 'l was out all the time,' says Kath. 'I as а volunteer on ап оrяапiс farm.
wепt to the public lectures at Bristol University Today Kath says that the experiment has
that had а buffet afterwards, and l went to the completely changed hеr attitude to life. '|'m а
liЬrаryЪ 1OOth birthday where they had а buffet lot mоrе sensib|e with my mопеу now and live а
as well. I was the qчееп of the buffet. completely different lifestyle.'
(4) .,..,....,........,. I could not buy rounds at the Could you live on f1 а day?

53
l
 ;::::: Гlпа phrases from Activity 3 to match
meanings 1-4.
] Ьесоmе familiar with
2 Ье familiar with
3 uпаьlе to become familiar with
4 not Ье famlliar with

:i:;i Underline the correct options to

complete rules 1-3.
1 Ье used rоапd get used to аrе followed Ьу а
поuп оr а vеrЬ ending iп tпg/-еd

2 Ье used to describes а state/a сhапgtпg sitчаtiоп

З get used tо describes а state/a сhапgiпg situatton
}+t"{itt{flý{ilfiHiiý*tl,fфiiriisr}! iЁ!5j-{ý+f:{F;:j-;:::=.:1,.:, ].:i]i|i_чi.xli:1l;l,i}ilн'!.t

i._ й t],,E.Ёi |j,{,-},.fi {i'г I rý

Do not confuse be/get used to + -iпg with used

rо + infinitive. Used to + infinitive is опlу used fоr
habitual aсtionS lп the past, е.9. / i.;:;,],-i :.:.::,:;|:|,:.
раý rhat Shop оп mу Way to school.

Write three things you weren't used to

doing when you started this course and
three things that you've got used to поw.
Соmраrе with а partner.

t.]:".. .-;".'"._,.,"
],".]
r.T i.,,1,], .,{_t" .;

Lý*;**i*r,t ýнчщ ii:,::: lmagine that someone has moved to

your town оr city from the UK. What
ýý WorK iп pairs.You are going to hear а girltalk do you think they might say аЬочt the
about the differences between shopping in а things below? CompIete the sentences.
smaIl village and iп а big city. What do you think
she will mention? shopping transport food
language weather
'irii Listen and check your ideas.
ýý фh
1 |'m not used to ...
2 l can't get used to ...
; ': :.,' ....,.: i ,. "' ;; , .,. о Iu_ r" . _...
3 ]t took а while to get used to ...
ý ýýlýЖýý&& Ё,[ЁГLi:\]СI l,15 i 4 Now l'm used to -..
5 lt's difficult to get used to ...
ýý Complete sentences 1-8. Then listen а9аiп to check.
1 l ima9ine it was difficult to living iп а big city?
,,..,,.,....,...,... ::i':;:}
Work in pairs. Compare уочr answers
2 lt took а while to ....,............. all the noise and the traffic, from Activity 7.
3 NoW ... loads of difГеrепt types of shops.
| ..,.............

4 lt's the рriсе of things that l .. ...........

5 N/y mum so much for vegetables,
,,..,,........,.....

6 Also, l the crowds you 9et in shops here.

.....,............,.

7 А lot of shop assistants in London late.

..............,....,

8 You it all in time!

ffig*ш*ж&*fiнчщ ffigж*ж.$е-frшчщ

ffi Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Ж Оо уоч think the shoppers who bought
'I When you 9о shopping for food, do you notice special offers
the chocolate oranges behaved
оr reductlons? dishonestly? Why/Why not?
2 Have you еvеr found а surprising Ьаrgаiп?
ffi Work in pairs.Turn to page 141 and do
the activity.

ý*ý rз ýtýрý*-сý,зсзýс* *}*х*

ýý Bead the sentences and say why the underlined

words аrе incorrect.
'l
2
l'd рrеfеr
l
go into town lаtеr.
gave iп my job at the shop last weekend.
The consumerwins!
3 l en.joy looking up bargains in the sales. Fоr chocolate fans it was а dream соmе true.
4 Despite it was rainlng, we went to the market. А mistake at the cash desk of а well-known
5 We made our shopping and thеп went home, supermarket meantthatthe chocolate oranges
6 The рriсе was too tall so l didn't buy the coat. that поrmаllу (1) ..........
f 2.75 were
оп sale for just 29р. The mistake happened
;"Т Пеаd the articIe and аrЁWеr the questions. Don't (2) ..............there was a'buy one get
worry about the gaps. one free' promotion
Why wеrе the chocolate оrап9еs so cheap? which people
could
1

2 How did some shoppers take advantage of this? combine

(3) ..............
3 What special оffеr did Hoover make that almost destroyed
the company? another promotion.
Shelves Wеrе
Read the article again and decide which answer quickly emptied of
(А, В, С or D) best fits each gap. the orangeswith one
(4) ......,.,...,.
( hl ;] ",ъ"i
""l" l
/ hunter buying 192,
saving himself almost f500! Photographs of
Веfоrе deciding оп the correct word make 5urе you check that
words before or after the gap to
it fits grammatically. Look at the
people with pyramids of chocolate оrапgеs
check чеrЬ forms, prepositions, etc. quickly appeared (5)

{п t}Ttl tlH;*lTl there аrе eight gaps. social networking sites. One person
(6) .............. an immediate profit Ьу
1 А sold В cost С asked D bought selling the chocolate oranges to other people
2 Aso в as а result С because D therefore for а pound each. This is not the first time that

3 А with Bat С for Dof this kind of promotion has (7) .............
wrопg. The most famous case was when the
4 А sales в reduction С value D Ьаrgаiп
5 АЬу Bof Con Dat company Ноочеr (8) ..............
rеturп
flights to Еurоре оr the USA for anyone who
6 А did В worked С made D increased
7 А gone В went С got D Ьееп
(9) .............
mоrе than а hundred
pounds on its products. So many people
8 А requested В permitted С offered D suggested (10) ............ the offer that it almost
9 А paid В gave С put D spent ruined the соmрапу and cost an епоrmоus
10 А kept on в looked for С rап очеr D took up f50 million!

-|:-,ll
U:эit 5 llarl,.,llT:::l, :с.-lсlу 55
 ffiржж&кfrжъщ ffi Read the essay. Do you agree or
disagree with the writеrЪ points? Why?
Жý Do you often buy things that you've seen advertised?
Work in pairs and talk about something ап
ffiж,&Fqryýr*
advertisement has persuaded you to buy recently.
When you write ап essay you сап agree оr
disagree with the Statement - you сап even
Wшý*&къg do both. You must support your point of view
with rеаsопs.
ýssау
&\ýýýYýýýý ý.ГrrR.Гl!Сý 64
р. l
ffi whicb of the underlined expressions
ЖЖ look at the exam task and underline the key words. are used to do the following?
ý*adý

introduce an opinion
,|

i ln class you have Ьееп discussing advertising.

2 qive а contrast with something you've said
Write ап essay using all the notes and give rеаsопs for уоur
point of view. 3 say'it's obvious'

Do you think that advertising сап have о bad iпfluепсе оп

4 add а пеw point
уоuпg
people today? 5 summarise the writеrЪ opinion
Notes
Things to write about ffi Unaerline vocabulary related to the
'l topic of advertising that the writer
important to give us informatioвf -
has used.
2 we want to buy things we can't afford

]
З yourow_n
!_d99 ffi Пеаd the essay task. Work in pairs and
discuss the question.
ffi Work in pairs. Make а list of the good and bad effects
of advertising.
rеаsопs for your point of view. ]

don't
]

Do you think peopte buy а lot of things they

дDVERтISтN& cAN нАVЁ А bAD
поwаdауs?
i

пееd
INЁLUЕNСЕ ON YOUN& PEOPLE ЮDАY
i

Tl,Bce is no dочЬt that аdчеrfiэiпg i5 an imPortant Notes i

раrt of оOг lives tоdаз. Розlе(э асе Ьrцffi and Things to write about
соlооrfоl and TV сегrmеfсiаЬ сап Ье чеrз сlечеr and l important to have luxuries sometimes
entecfaininз fo фаfсh. Аз t:ell аэ -thi5, mаgаz_iпе5
2 want to Ье like оthеr people
and пеD5рарес5 dePend on advectisinз .to 5tjavive
and, of сооrэg, DithоLrr advectвing nre rrюuldп t Lnour i]_yg_ut g*л:9_"_g
фЬf to Ьчз. 1-1ошечеr, in m1 oPinion, adve.tbinз can
саO5е а lof of рrоЫеmз. ffi МаКе notes for уочr essay and divide
Рirэ+ of all, adveffiэiч епсоOсаgе5 05 to фапt them into paragraphs.
1hiч, that ре do nof сеаllз rreed and can t аiFоrd. 'l lntroduction - explain the issue
Iп mз vieф, this cau5e-э diззаtigfасllоп and епчз.
ЬФ,gчес, fоr me *he Ьiзgеgt pcobtem шilh
2 Give one point of view and reasons

аdчесJ-вiпз \з *le el*ec+ it Ьs on сhiИrе-п. 3 Give opposing роiпt of view and reasons
Аdчеrttзiпg camP&ign5 that аfе аirг\еd at childcen 4 Summary and conclusion
malce ttrem 1trink* аЬскrt .rопч and Ы$ч things
frоm а чесз зочrlg ageл Кiаэ рф Preэ5Jce on their ffi Write уочr essay.
раrепts to boj п!осg апd rпоrе -rhiпgэ. Thaj sfаrt
to *hinL -that bving Jtre mоэt (ес,ёrt dе9igпеr
сlсrttrеs mаУ*еg ttrem а mоrе imPoctant реr5оп to
theic {rапd:5.
.ап_Ьs!qпс&, f *hinr* -rhat фе have to ассерr +haf
аdчеrtigiч
sl,rould tc1
чэill аlшазэ Ье mith оg. NечеrthеЕзg, ре
to P(otecf childcen аэ much аs роззiЬlе.
|jI
lll
tlШ

!шшш
Тrч r,е€.d to 1еаrп jtBt peopte and relafior\5hiPs
аrе mоrе imPocfant tмn Ьfапdз. -'ч|
f}
жы Ihl
ж
56 Unit 5 ,
Е SC,
5 4QieE дх
-.-,г
 Complete the article with the words from Match the sentence beginnings 1-6 with
the Ьох. endings А-F.
grandmother used websites in his search for
stores centre
chain street market
N/у
the same bargains.
browse hypermarket оп|iпе
Their shirts have а commercials Ьу the time
supermarket оп credit
it is four,
distinctive
Не always uses рriсе brcnd of washing
comparison powder for years.
4 The average child has D logo that is immediateIy

Shop at out-of-town (4) ,,... .......,,,.

that sells eveфhing, and whеrе
.

5
seen З,000
They have spent Е
recognJsable.
the January scles.
their
уоur leisure
parking is easy. Shopping is а
millions оп F odvertising соmраigп.
favourite lеisurе activiý, раrtiсulаrlу
аmопg the young whose favourite
6 l'm looking forward to
lt is incredible to think how going to
shopping has changed in destination is ап indoor shopping
(5) . , .,................,.. where you
the last hundred years. Our
ýý look at the situations and complete the
great-grandparents went t0 an can find уоur favourite department
sentences with the correct form of Ье used to/
store and boutiques with the latest
outdoor (1) ................,........ 0r get used to.
grеепgroсеr's for their fruit and fаsфцs. Апd if you аrе shоrt of

vegetables, and got their meat from mOпеу, you сап always buy things 1 Vlad had always driven оп the right, so when he came
(6) ............,,,, ,...... , [Гhоugh, of to the uk he had three accidents in the first month.
а butcher's, The biggest innovation
of the last сепturу was the course, you have to рау iп the end!) vlad had three accidents because he was
(2) ....,,... . .... .,.,,., which Nowadays а lot of people don't

арреаrеd in еvеrу city сепtrе. bother going to bookshops оr rесоrd l've tried wеаriпg these contact lenses, but they make
А lot of city centres began t0 stores, but order what they want my eyes itch,
look very similar with the same П| with а few
l can't .........,......
(3) .,,.,.. .....,,..,.... that have clicks of their mouse and а credit
Jose Luis moved to Canada from Sраiп five уеаrs ago.
card. Some people still рrеiеr to
а Ьrапсh in every town iп the Не found the first three winters really hard but now he
сOuпtrу. lп rесепt years mапу (8) .,... , ........... iп the shops
enjoys them.
сопsumеrs have started doing even if they don't really want to buy
Jose Luis has .....................
their weekly shop at ап епоrmous anything,
At first l found it hard to eat with chopsticks, but now I

am а rеаl expert.
am
Choose the correct option to complete l ...................

the sentences. when Маriо left hоmе he didnt know how to look
after himself.
Ве careful Raymond - уоu'rе falling/going to fallif you
Nzlario wasn't
keep doing that.
But пощ lrlario finds it easy to cook his own meals and
We expect Rachel rruil/pcss/passes her driving test
iron his shirts,
this time.
Mario has
Don't cry, Еmmа, Grandad willbuy/is Ьчуiпg you ап ice
сrеаm iп а minute|
This summer we rепt/аrе going to rепt а chalet for а
week with Peter and Jan.
Ae's spending/spends Christmas with Неlеп апd hеr
family this уеаr.
|'m afraid you've just missed the last train. The next опе
i s d ера rti пg/dерdrrs tomorrow mоrпi п9.
We can't have the party in the garden because lr3
gоiпg to rain/it's rаiпiпg tomorrow.
What doyou do/areyou doing tonight? Дrеуоu meeting/
Doyou meef Luisa?
 i,ЁЪ ;';яр.:я
{:;,,t il:l !i я Н

}iý]*ý}lý ý }**

ý
,1
Wbat do you think is most important iп а job? Put the items А-Н in
order of importance (1 = most important, 8 = Ieast important).

is zllell-paid so I won't have to worry about mопеу.

is secure because I don't like taking risks.
will Ье сhаllепgiпg because I enjoy situations that are diffrcult and interesting.
lnаs good prospecls because I want the сhапсе of getting а better position.
I feel is worthzohile and helps other people.
!гrаs status because I care about what other реорlе think.
ls rewardiпg and gives mе а seпse of асhiеоелпеиl when I do something well.
gives mе а good zооrk-lф Ьаlапсе and isn't too stressful because it's important
to enjoy other things as well as work.

.,],: Compare your answers to Activity 1 with уочr partner. Do you have
different ideas about what is most important?

i;,,:i Сору and complete the table with the words and phrases in the Ьох.

teffipofary application form interview candidate part-time

salary full-time СV permanent wage letter of application

Applyin9 for jobs

Work in pairs. Take turns to choose а word from the table in Activity 3 and
give an example or definition so that уочr partner can guess the word.
Example:Thts is what you wite whеп you wапt ta get а job.

58 lý*rking liu;*s
 ' _ Read the discussion questions
=
,

,id lirt"n to Roberta and Eduardo,Which

question аrе they talkin9 аЬоut?
Work in pairs. Write down as many words
as 1 Would you like to do апу of these
jobs? Why/Why not?

уоч can from the word

еmрIоу, 2 Do you think it's а good idea for students
not?
to have
pu,i tir" оr holiday jobs? Why/Why
} ffi oii: Listen and checkyour answers to 3 some teenagers do volunteer work iп their
frее time,

Aatiuity 5. Underline the main stress, Then

""""'" Do you think this is а good idea?
jobs
listen again and repeat, 4 Doyou think tеепаgеrs should Ье paid for doln9
around the house? Why/Why noti
Ехаmрlе: еmрlоу

lý: Complete the phrases Roberta and Eduardo

""""" ur" to introduce their answers and comments,

Work in pairs and discuss the questions, 'l That's ап .,,....,,...,,..,,....... ..

quesTion,

what do you think is the right age for people to start 2 То Ье ..

thinking about future асаrееr? Why? 3 I've пеvеr about it before,

job fоr а lonq
Do you think it's а good idea to have опе 4 lt all ....... ...........,... ..

time or severaIjobs? Why? 5 BUt, in ,..,...'.. .,..,........ l а9rее with " '

6 to think of it - yes,

i., WоrК in pairs and discuss the questions

in
Work in pairs. Read the exam task and discuss Activity 10.
the advantages and disadvantages, Тhеп try |
ii!i|йti,ii;;

to agree оп the most enjoyable

job, l!}iт}Ti|цi{ nit9i*il}týiild{f#*!tl{t*tJ*Efnrj-iili?!]

't'i
ý!:Ёli\:lli I;}

Неrе аrе iЬЙ" pu.inir" i"Б, ,r"i ii.,a,ni, oti"n Оо Тrу to extend уоur answers Ьу givin9 rеаsопs
;
to
, Tutk to each other about the advantages
and and examples. You сап relate your answers
disadvantages of doing these;obs, personal ехреriепсеs.
, Now decide which would Ье the most
enjoyable for iiil {ii{i]
.';i":;]i;],! the ехаmiпеr may ask queStionS to
to do individualcandidatesortobothsothattheycandiscuss
, 1tudent1
them together,
Listen to two candidates doing the
iixiili| ,''i
sime task. Did they talk about the same
things as you did?

l;;1!ý * ,]']
 Speaking Yocabulary
ý Work iп pairs and answerthe questions. рhгаsаl чеrЬs lп context
1 What was уоur dream job when you wеrе а child? Why? ý Complete the sentences with the correct form
2 Whatisyouridealjob now?Why? of the phrasalverbs underlined in the article.
Тhеп work iп pairs and think of а job each

Reading sentence could describe.

Multiple matching
1 People often .........,.......,........... this job because опе of their
parents does it.

ý Vou аrе going to read an article in which three

people talk about their jobs. Read the article
ln thIs job you have to
а lot.
.........,...........,....... letters and papers

quickly. Which job could рау the most? lп this job you have to ............................, neW ideas quickly
allthe time.

ý Лпswеr questions 1-10 Ьу choosing from the When people in this job they опlу rесеiче
people A-C.The people may Ье chosen more а чеrу low salary.
than once. People who do this job have to to work
чеrу early iп the mоrпiпg.
6 lп this job you have to ............................. different brands оп
уоUr cUStomerS.
7 You don't need а lot of mопеу to ........................... а
business like this.
8 ln th|s job you need to trу to of your
competitors with your results.

Which person ýpeaking

has а quiet time еаrlу iп the year?
ý Matcb questions 1-8 to answers А-Н.
1

2 likes travelling abroad for work?

1 So tell me, what do you do?
3 enjoys spending quite а lot of time outdoors?
2 What does your job involve?

has to deal with unexpected оссurrепсеs while doing 3 What's а typical day like?
his/her job? 4 What do you like best about уоur job?

has to give talks to large groups of people?
6 has to take difficult decisions?
7 is рrоud of having а lot of qualifications?
8 Ьесаmе interested in the profession at an еаrlу age?
5 WhаtЪ the most difficult part of your job?
6 Do you need any qualifications оr special skills?
7 What attracted you to this саrееr?
8 Do you work in an office?

А The hardest раrt is ... The thing l like least ...

9 occasionally needs to start work earlier than usual?
в l have ап office but sometimes ...
10 mentions а way of increasing his/her iпсоmе? с |'ve always Ьееп interested lп ... l first found out ...
D The most satisfying thing fоr me is .../The best thing
about being а ...
ý Work in pairs.Which of the jobs do уоч think Е |'m а ... l work as а ...
is the most interesting, worthwhile, difficult or F lt is my job to do ... tt/y job involves doin9 ...
stressful?Why? G l usually start wоrk at ..., l gепеrаllу finish at ...
н You need to Ье + adjective and adjective Лоu need to
have а degree in ...

ý Work in pairs.Take turns to role-play ап

interview with опе of the people in the article.
Use the questions iп Activity б to help you.

60 Unit б Working lives

I Жwwж
Т?зrеереорJе tel] us about ffte"r;obs апd why they }ove
Lindsey (27) is п charge
ofbuying mеп's fаsИоп at а
dераrtmепt store.
Му work is to select and build the
реrfесt range of clothes for our
customers, and.I started Ьу doing
а соursе in fashion design. There
are two key seasons: inJanuary
and FеЬruаrу I buy clothes lоr
the autumn, and inAugпrst I buy
clothes for the spring. During these
seasons i travel to trade shows in
Barce]ona and Поrепсе on big
buying trips - that's а rea] bonusl
Му working day is qшtе Iong. I
usuaily get ш at about 8 З0 а.iЁ.,
and work until 6.30 p,m. The most
satisфng thing fоr mе has been
building mу department into а
popr-rlar and fashionabie рlасе to
buy men's clothes - department
stores aren't always wеll-Iсrоцm fоr
being top places to buy fashton. It
is mу job to Ье creative and try to
stay ahead of the market. ]f I want
to trу out а new Ьrапd, I have to
drop а brand we already have. That
сап Ье unpleasant but you have
to rеmеmьеr that this is business.
you need to Ье enthusiastic and
motivated and have an ldea of
what the perfect collection sholt]d
look like, А buyer's assistant earns
around ý20,000 а уеаr, but an
experienced buyer might earn
mоrе than ý40,000. Alot of реорlе
dream of starting up their оцm
boutique, but it can Ье а very
risý business. Ж
ý Яlех (J9) ш а magician.
i аm а'сlоsе-uр'mафсiаrr so I work with maglc. Starttrrg out you
реrfоrm in front of gToups of реорlе
rather than on а stage in а big
theatre. Sometimes I do mу tricks
while I'm walking around tables
where реорlе аrе eating! I mаЫу
ry$wfu
t?sеrп
work in the evening and I perform
at big parties for comparries,
weddings, private events and
birthdays, Sometimes they'Te
in open-air venues, though not
often. Business is generally good
throughout the уеаr. Company
events keep mе busy at Christmas
апd NewYear, but weddtngs and
birthday parties tend to Ье in late
spring and summer. So that means
thatJanuary and FеЬruаrу are
good months to thiIk up new tricks.
I either реrfоrm them rпуsеlf at
events or seil DVDs so other people
сап learn to do the tricks. The best
thing about being а mафсiап is
beingyour оrлm boss. I suppose
the dorлmside is that there are times
when people сап really аIшоу you
- like when they shout out in the
middle of your act, Опе reason
Iwent into mафс was because
when I was gTowing up I used to
get bored with things very quicНlr
Му parents gave me а book of
mафс tricks to keep mе busyWith
mафс there is so much to learn that
you never get bored! It's gireat to
mrght earn flI2,000 а year, but а
well-]croum mафсiап could earn
up to ýI00,000.You can also do TV
work which usual}y brings in а lot
ofmonelr Ж
Viki (З]) is а mаriпе
biologist,
То Ьесоmе а mаriпе Ьiоlофst, I did
а biology dеgгrее followed Ьу ап
MSc and а doctorate - having those
makes mе feel I've done something
worthwhjle. PhD post-doctoral
researchers start on t25,000 а
year and often Ьесоmе urrtversý
]ecturers, but at the moment I'm
happy doing research. Part of mу
job is to track animals at sea and
to tag them. We do this in оrdеr to
rrnderstand their behavrour and
movement patterns. This research
can then Ье used to assess the
effects of fishing on fish popr-rlations.
If I аm in the office it's а 9,00 а.m.
to 5.З0 р,m. day but if I'm going to
sea I start at 7,30 а.m, At the fishing
site the crew pull а big net along
the seabed. Then they put the catch
on the deck and our work beglns.
We sort out the fish and put the
sharks апd rays into seawater tалks
апd tag them, and then we release
the fish back rrrto the sea. It's rеаllу
exciting when the nets come into
the boats, I love going out arrd
catching new things and talking to
fishermen. However, а side of the
job that I don't particularly enjoy
is public speaking - for ехаmрlе,
when I'm at conferences, ечеп if
they're in other countries, ffi
Listening Making corтlparisons
ý Work in pairs. Read the job advertisement and > GRAMMAR RЕFЕRЁNСЕ р. l 52
discuss what skills or qualifications уоч think
ап appIicant for the job will need. Ж Сору and complete the table using the
dialogue in Activity 3.
Дdjвctitеs tbmparative Sýperlativs
Jol]i1,: , l ], i}:]li|l,r,iЁý д|.rvi{lЁ ] l0!ir,:iЁS
! young younger the (1 )

,2
enthusiastic mоrе enthusiastic
We аrе looking fоr а well-qualified and experienced
3 old {з) the oldest
teacher to join оur staff. The successful candidate
will Ье able to сочеr а wide range of subjects and Ье 4 confident (4) the least confident
.1;:ý motivated and enthusiastic. Fоr mоrе details please 5 good Lretter the (5)
contact sj fenton@queensprimary.com.
6 bad Worse the (6)

ЖО 2З Listen to two interviewers discussing ffi Complete the rules with the words in the Ьох.
three candidates: Cameron, Karine and
irregular same one or two three
Hector. which candidate
1 is very positive about things, but isn't very confident? Add -er and -еsl to form the comparative and
2 seems vеrу well-qualified, ЬuРлоt чеrу interested suoerIative of -svllable adiectives.
in the job? Add more оr /ess and the most or fhе /easf to form
wants а lot of mопеу, but doesn't get to work оп time? the comparative and superlative of adjectives with
or more syllables.

ý Complete the dialogue with the correct words. 3 Use (поt) as.., d5 to say that some things аrе the
Тhеп listen again to check. (оr поt the same) in some way.

М = Ir/licky д = дliсiа 4 Good апd bod аrе .................,.. and have different forms iп
the comparative and superlative.
мWell,thаtwаsinteresting.Тhreeverydifferеnt
candidates. NЛчfееliпg isthatCameron has LдNGUдGЕтlр
(2)'..........'.............'..'ButlfеlthеWаSn't(3)
enthusiastic (4)............................ the others. Whu; J; wilh -ier/-iest, е.Е, pretty - prettier/the prettieit.
you think?
А Yes, l аgrее. ltЛу guess is that he's looking for something ffi
* Complete the sentences with the comparative
bette1 you kпоw, а (5).......... . . ..... position. Не didnt о' superlative form of the adjective in
seem verY keen. brackets. Doyou agree?
М
and(7) slre,s '
ТhаtЪ рrоЬаЬlу the rеаsоп. How about Каriпе?
А she,s(6), jJll|;::"',il;iil::!i;;;;и;;iJ]Жo"un"
(s) ,,,. .,. She speaks irench and Spanish
...... well, ' cleaning
(favourite) job
Чu the bathroom' l hate it!around the house is
too, and l noticed that she does (9) ............. .._.
than the other two. However, she's 'роr,
(10)........ 3 The (bad) job fоr me would Ье teaching!
than the others. 4 l think teachers should еаrп а (hiqh)
..............................

м Yes, l see what you mеап. дпd fiпаllу, Hector. sаlаrу than they do now.

А Mm, Hector. НеЪ опlу (1 1)............................ than Каriпе but

he expects (12),.. .....,...,............ sаlаrу. His qualifications ýpeaking
аrепt (13) СаmеrопЪ, and his previous
headteachersaysheis(la)............................ofallher ffi Workinpairs.Taketurnstocomparejobs
teachers! НеЪ probably (15) ........ candidate of using comparative and superlative adjectives.
the three' So, decision time!
А hwуеrЗ job is mоrе difficuft thап а teacher's because ,..

Ж а24 Which candidatedoyou thinkwiIl get 1 l9gýspti9lýlgej:l,tщ__ *9Iрчýýл9|l99I

job?
the Why? Listen and check. 2 lawyer dentist l"jфgr
3 actor doctor builder
lJnit б Vlorking iives
YссаЬшf;аrу Шsе cnf Жuтgýisýт
prepositional phrases Open cloxe

ffi Complete the comments about jobs with the ffi Kead а story about the jobs опе man
prepositions in the Ьох. had when he was а student and answer
the questions.
from out (х2) in (х3) оп Ьу (х2)
How many jobs does the writеr mention?
,|

l had а holiday job cleaning hotel rooms. lt was ОК but 2 Which ones wеrе the most unpleasant апd the
when the lift was of order it was а nightmare! most Ьоriпg?

used to work in my local supermarket and the mап

Complete the story with опе word iп each
I

charge of us was really bossy!

9ар.
N/y friend left college and has Ьееп ................. ...of work
fоr six months поw. she's опliпе all the time
ccse new jobs are advertised.
mum works hоmе, She enjoys working
Have UОU еvеr
I\Лу ............... ..,,.

her оwп but l don't think lu like to ье

had а iealIg boringjcb?

myself а|| the time.
lfound out about the job
сhапсе when l was
looking through а local magazine.
When I was а student l did lots of different jobs
Ечеrуопе at work rап in 41mаrаthоп last weekend
during the summer vacation, ranging (1) ....................
aid of charity
picking fruit to working for а furniture rеmочаl
соmрапу. Fruit picking is hard work, but at least
ffi Matclr the expressions in Activity 1 with
you are outside and have the соmрапу of other
meanings 1-8.
pickers. РrоЬаЬlу the least pleasant job l had
1 responsible for
working in the fridge of а butcher's
2 alone (х2)
(2) ....................

shop where l (3) ,.. . to soft pieces of

3 unemployed
chickens, But @) а doubt, the prize for
4 поt working рrореrlу
the (5) boring job has to go to the one l
5 to get mопеу fоr
had working for а spotts equipment соmрапу. Му
6 accidentally
task was to put six table tennis balls into boxes.
7 because something might happen
They left mе in а room (6) mу оwп with а
8 in the house, поt in ап office
huge container of thousands of balls. l was stuck
out (7) sight at the back of the storeroom
ffiжАм т"!р
without even (ф radio for соmрапу. А day
Prepositions qre often tested iп the exam, Кеер а
rесоrd of which prepos]tions go with adjectives, verbs
in the room felt ($ а month. There is опе
and in phrases. funny thing l rеmеmЬеr: there were supposed to
Ье two speeds of ball: one fast and one that was
slower for (10) experienced players. The
thing was, they were actually the same ball, they
just went into different boxes!

ýрекkýrъg
ffi Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
Have you or someone you kпоw ечеr had а really
Ьоriпg part-time or holiday job?
Can а holiday job lead to а full-time саrееr?

Uпit б Vfоrk]пg ii,.:es 63

 .,. i .,"*- ',;

,, :'ýýд:: -'
-]..,,},Ь;-..
,._*_l-
! i. ,,., :'ý:,:
'll, :t; ,.
Yоч are going to listen to а radio
interview with а famous actress about
her job. Do you think the life of an
actress is easy or difficult? Why?

,l''. Listen to the interview. How did

,,.;,
the actress first learn аьочt the life and
workof an actor?

l]::,::i Listen to the interview again. Fоr

questions 1 -8, complete
the sentences.
; -::]] ii:i]Ji]iililiili;.fi ;

Read the gapped sentences carefuIly to

see what sort of word(s) you аrе looking for '; ,ýý!*l;,
to fil| the gaps. You сап see whether you
need а пumЬеr, а date оr а паmе, etc. 1ý],.ý1 , .

.:i|i, there аrе tеп SentenCeS. 'ý]ýi;"-,,

l:ж] ,'
Jenny is famous today for her role in а
SoaD оDеrа,
According to Jеппу, whеп you аrе а student
there аrе not so mапу to face.
Jenny enjoys the fun side of acting, 1ike
Match the words from the recording '|-7 with
Duttino оп and dressino uo,
definitions A-G.
Jеппу was vеrу pleased to Ье able to
work in а ,......,....,....,,...,,., durin9 lеr school
'l punctua А put unusual оl smart clothes оп
work experience. 2 lie-in В grоuпd that has become wet with water
Jеппу was excited to Ье able to lеаrп about З rеhеаrsа] с rеаl not theoretical
the ............................. when she worked on Rоmео 4 glamorous D аrriviпg at the right time
апd Juliet.
5 dress up Е stay:ng ir bed ir Tie morrirg
Jenny was disappointed that hеr first job was
in ап advertisement for .. . . оп TV.
6 рrасtiсаl F practice fоr а реrfоrmапсе

This advertisement was first shown in

7 muddy G attractive апd exciting

Complete the sentences with words from Activity 4.

Jenny uses the word to describe
Are they true for you?
how she feels about hеr саrееr,
1 |'m vеrу , ]'m never late for anything.
2 l love walking in the rаiп апd getting in the forest
з l always have а lопg at the weekend,
4 l don't like to ...,,..,,.......,...,....,..., fоr special occasions. | рrеfеr
casual cloihes.
l enjoy reading about people in magazines and
finding out about their beauty secrets.
|'m not а vеrу .............................. реrsоп and l'm not good at
organiSing either.

l}r!!ý {r
Жр*жШ*,ýжпg

ffi WоrК in pairs. You are going to read а blog

Experienced worker!
about НаrrуЪ work experience at а local
museum.What do you think he has to do? Fоr my wоrk ехреriепсе this уеаг l decided to
apply fоr а placement at the Royal Hampton
Museum as l'm rеаllу interested in history.
ffi fu ýýgm*fr шжъ ж"гtd ffi фýýýýý*у l (1) had to wгitе quite а detailed application
lеttеr and l was thгillеd when l was accepted,
} ýRAPIF'iAR RЕГГRЕNСЕ п. l5З
l am having а Ьrilliапt time. You (2) don't need

ffi Пеаd the blog and match the underlined verb to Ье ап ехрегt оп antiques to wогk hеrе - but
you shou|d have ап iпtегеst iп the past. l'm а
forms 1-8 with the descriptions А-Н.
museum assistant and l (3) have to do а гапgе
А obligation in the past
of things fгоm selling books in the gift shop to
В obligation in the present (personal/from the speaker) rеsеаrсhiпg iпfогmаtiоп about things like old
С obligation in the present (external/outside the sреаkеф toys оп Google! Тhеrе аге а fаir пumЬег of
D something that iS not permitted гulеs hеrе as you сап imaginel Visitors
Е lack of obligation (4) mustn't touch the exhibits and they have to
F something that is necessary leave all bags at rесерtiоп. As fоr mе, the good
thing is that l (5) don't have to wеаr а uпifоrm!
G something that is not песеssаrу
The bad thing is that l have to get up rеаllу еагlу
Н something that was expected
ечегу mоrпiпg to get hеге оп time! Today's
mу last day and l was геаllу looking foMard
LАNGUАGЕ TlP to it. l had to get hеге fог В.00 а.m. because
RеmеmЬеr that we use should апd shouldntto give (6) we wеrе supposed to go to visit апоthеr
advice or,to say that something is а good/bad idea, museum and look at опе of their collections.
e.g; УOu sfтш*.l ld try to speak Englisll outside the classroom Howeve[ because they had а роwег cut we
ai оftеп or you ,on. didn't go. Disappointing! But fоr all those
students trуiпg to dectde whеrе to go fоr уоuг
wогk ехрегiепсе l think you (7) need to do
ffi Complete the second sentence so that it has
some rеsеагсh to find а placement somewhere
а similar meaning to the first sentence, usin9
rеаllу interesting. And you (8) must apply
the word given. Do not сhапgе the word
quickly ог the place you want will have gопе.
given. Use between two and five words.
Workers аrе not allowed to leave Ьеfоrе 5.З0 p.m.
MUSTN,T
Workers .....,.... before 5.З0 p.m.
lt isn't necessary to buy anything fоr lunch because l'll
Ьriпg sandwiches.
NEED
You .......,............ anything for lunch because l'll
bring sandwiches.
Dan asked me to post his application but l forgot.
SUPPoSED
l ........................................ DапЪ application but l forgot.
l can stay iп bed late tomorrow because itЪ Sunday!
HAVE
l ......................,.......,..,...... early tоmоrrоw because it's Sunday! ffiр*жil*ýжзg
l couldn't go out last night because my Ьrоthеr wanted
mу help with his homework. ffi Work in pairs. lmagine that you are working
HAD as an organiser of а сhildrепЪ holiday саmр.
l couldn't оо out last nioht because l Discuss what the work involves.
with his homework.
good idea to get а weekend job to help save up
ltЪ а
for а holiday.
ffi Work in pairs.Turn to ра9е 141 and do
the activity.
SHoULD
You .................... to help save up for а holiday.

tJnit б lYогkir:q iives 65

 Reading ffi Пеаd the |etter from David and underline the points from
Activity 2 that he includes.
ffi Пеаd the job advertisement
and say if you should write the
letter in а formal or informal Ъеаr Мrs BaLer,
style.Why? Т ам wrttinзto арр\ io Ъесоме а liý"з"аrД at ll,е
Т sa- ,-pur аdvеrtiSеrлек ол our
fullеrtоп L"|sur" CerttrL.
sct ool поtiсьоаrd апд ъеliече tbk Т would 5е а sцrtьlе
applicaltt.
Т ап а пiпеtееп-lеаr-оld frепсЬ, эludеrt алД Т b,ave Ъееп
'Dоrhаирrtоп Т
studv|n9 Епзl;sh in ýor эiк rnorft'rs. ам
ЙrLiпq iп а ýas+-lood restaцraylt at tb,e weeLeЙs
.urr"l(il,4
Ъа Т Ь"uld liU-| to Ъ"сом. а liýезuаrd as Т е5о1
.ýo',Yclr,uцiф, ýg."1,1 ".' -ý ."'11,

swilииiпз алd Т b,ave Ь,аА екреriепсе as а lileу"ard iп м1

, Tгith*hiИxet#'. ]' l: ,', ,",""..'' "],!:
".,

o-n .oi,rrLr1, Т usеd ,to worL- ot лч local swiммiп9 pool

Then this :nriqhl,be ljl]s,!
]the,
jФb :::,, ",: at ib,e w."L"nds апd iп tke kоliДацs,' Т ап r"lib|. Ъа ý,t
],,
:

алd Т b,ave эечеrаl liýeluardino, c"a,ýi.a"s.

' 'rellable, '
tor уоu|,\fuе,:аr:е,,1ооЩцlý,fiОr,,,,,,
with some ,,, -
Тý ,,р" ассеф л1 орili.аiБп 1 sb,all зiче up м1 wееLепd
ele
sparеtiФе,щ[6:цдбо14,1ikеtо,,:, ]l:ll,, 1"Ъ Ьа this will м"л Т сап Ъ" аvаtlЬГе a|ler sd,ool ever1
' Work,ёs:lifoфaTdstO,earn,ýornQ,,:.,.l,,",
- dа,1 мd
all dа1 9aurda1 апd 9"пdа1,
9rate!"| i! 1о" соuld l€t ме Lnow чоur
Т'wо"lД Ъе rates
extra money You см coyttact ме ол аlовqьэ45L1l апА а
]
яйrу].*п,йitfu'ýýlqry..'.,.1,ttl",:, :'.l
"ý роч
дlесlеrс55@аоl.сом.
', ВаrЬаХа:ýаkýrlёХýlýiýtцg,,,:,,1,,,:,,l',,,1, Т looL ýorward to kеаriп1 troM 1ou sооп.
шЬу*ОцСоп*idёtуtчt*ёý,, ,, ,:,, . Yоurs Эiпсеrеl1
] ,*uiijbla а;&,ýilr,iйr iёЬýý,],,,, .,::,,,, ъачiА Leclerc
l lof you!,жraýabi}i.E ,,, ,", . ,. ' ' ,:.,,,',, .
.',],'
ii:]' ffi Гiпа formal phrases in the letter to match phrases 1-10.
ý,*r,,r'.*,ý::i,я:::1t""'ll1',ýl:lll"l""""i""-"""",,",, 1 think 6 l'll Ье free
2 now 7 Сап you tell me

Wrfitiпg з Want 8 get iп touch with mе

4 like 9 pIease write soon
Lеtсег of application 5 if l get the job 10 Best wishes
}\ffRIT'Ný REFERENCE р. l 7 l

ffi Kead the advertisement and write уочr letter.You should

ffi TicKtbe points you thinkyou write between 120-180 words.
should include in the letter.
'l why you аrе writing ЕхАм тlр
2 where you found out about the job ,.,,U,яй,арФiорriаtе'ýtу|е.апd answei]all parti]of the question.
3 why you like swimming
4 all уоur previous work ехреriепсе
5 similar jobs you've had before
6 your qualifications
7 why you need the money
8 relevant aspects of your personality
9 what free time you have
10 what you normally do iп your frее time
'l 1 а question about the work
12 уоur contact details

66 Unit б Working |ives

ffi Matcb the words in the Ьох with definitions
1-10.
salary achievement worthwhile
interview application form candidate
good prospects wage temporary
unemployed
1 :
ffi choose the correct option to complete
the sentences.
Stop! You mustп't/dоп't have to play With that light
switch, Julian.
We didn't пееd to/had to Ьriпg sandwiches - luпсh
was provided.
You dоп't пееd tо/аrеп't supposed to Ьriпg drinks into
а question and апswеr session for а job the liЬrаrу, but most people don't respect the rulе.

2 :whaI we feel а sense of when we Yоч mчstп't /dоп't have rо саrrу апу metal objects
complete а job well through the security sсаппеr.
you dоп't пееd tо/оrеп't аllоиzеd rо touch that
3 : promising а good future саrееr
equipment, it is very sensitive.
4 : not hаViпg а job
Visitors aresupposedto/mustwear а badge at alltimes
5 : important and useful fоr society
- there аrе no exceptions.
6 :the mопеу we are paid each month for
dоiпg а job ;Ё Complete the text using the words in brackets.
7 : not Dеrmапепt use the correct form of the verbs.
8 ...............,..............:the mопеу иý 9re paid each day оr week Nineteen-year-old Keith Lonsdale (1) . .... ............, (уЫr)
for doing а job the bank in his small town whеп two masked men
9 ..........................,..,: someone who asks for а job (2)..........,,............. (соmе) in.The robbers (з)...............,...,....,

'l0 ..............,.......,,...,,: уоu fill this in to ask for а job (rcke) ап еmрlоуее hostage but they (4).............,....,...... (/еr
her go) аftеr they (5) ...............,.. ....,., (fi nish). Afterwards, the
police (6)......... (соmе) to take statements from
ffi Complete the sentences with the correct form
witnesses. While Keith (7)...........,....,........ (qlye) his Statement
of the words in brackets.
to the police, he (8)................. ...... (remember) that he
NЛу new job is very .......,....... ............... (rеwаrф. l feel а rеаl (9) ..............(leove) his саr on а parking mеtеr.Тhе
sense оf achievement.
роliсеmап (10).........,,.............. (геl0 him not to wоrrу as the
l feel absolutely .....,......................., (exhaust).lt has been so traffic warden (1 1)..,.................. .(know)that the police
busy at work all day. officers (1 2) ....,..,..........,.. .... (iпtеrviеw) witnesses. But when
She is much happier in hеr new job.lt's mоrе Keith ('l З) ... .. (rеturп) to his car, а traffic warden
(challenge) than her old опе. (14).........,,......... ...(already gave) him one parking ticket

(odvertise) she saw оп

and he (1 5).........,.....,......... (write) а second one!
Julia answered ап .......................,....,.

the internet.
.....................,. ,...,.. (enthusiosm) young
We аrе looking fоr
people who enjoy working With youn9 children.
She made ап .............................. (аrrапgе) with hеr firm so
she could work part-time.
lt4y job is much less .,.......,...,,..........,.... (srress) since our new
boss arrived.
We help stafffind {ассоmmоdоге) пеаr
the factory.

Pr*gr*ssý*st 3 67
 For questions 1-10, read the text below and decide which ffi Complete the second sentence
answer (А, В, С оr D) fits each gap.There is an example at with between two and five words,
the beginning (0). including the word given, so that
it has а similar mеапiпg to the first
Sentence.
Ехаmрlе: Last mопth lwos given

А life without cash

ýИе hаче all hеагd about the woman who spent а уеаr living
responsibility for booking gigs for our Ьапd.
oVER
Last mопth l .tрр.k.еr.еr.Ьgр.Ипggý.а....... for

(О).р.u.......... just а pound а day. But in Gеrmапу, our Ьапd.

Heidemarie Sсhwеrmеr, а pensioner, has (1) 1 l сап't decide which shirt to buy.
up using money completely. Неr decision рrоЬаЬlу has MlND
something to do with hеr experience as а penniless refugee l can't ............... ..., which shirt
(2)............... theSесопdýИоrldý7'аr. to buy,
Jacinta is more ехреriепсеd thап Nlilton.
After the war, she led а fаirlу ordinary life. She worked as
AS
а teacher fоr many years, and (3)....................,......... she
ttЛiltоп is not ..,,......... ......
Ьесаmе а psychotherapist. But hеr memories of what it was
i: Jacinta.
like to have nothing stayed with hgr,апd she decided to do
something about it. She саmе (4)............... the idea Did you make that Ьу yourself, Emily?
of an exchange neмork which allowed реорlе to exchange oWN
il goods and selwices without cash, Even though the scheme Did you make that all
turned (r........,...... а gteat success, she wanted to do Emily?
I

I
something mоrе radical. So she took the decision to leave hеr Oh no!The photocopier isn't working
flat and close hеr bank account. At first hеr daughters thought again.
their mоthеr had (6) ......... an awful mistake. oRDER
But gradually, очеr the years, they (/) Oh по!Тhе photocopier ls
her unusual lifesryle. Heidemarie sleeps on people's sofas aoain,
оr else house-sits, and wears (8) ..............,...............-hand This is the biggest size we have.
clothes people don't need апуmоrе. Shops give hеr food they THAN
can't sell, and she knows she could (9).....,......... There isn't .................... this.
go to а soup kitchen as а last resort. Реорlе аrе interested
You don't have to buy а uniform, we'll
(1О)........,.... learning mоrе about hеr experiences
give you one.
and she has writtеп several books about hеr life. She has given
NEED
away the mопеу she еаrпеd - often to complete stfangers.
Yоu ..,.................. а uniform, we'll
give you опе.
Luke doesn't live here апуmоrе.
то
0 АЬу Bin Соп/ Dof Lu ke ...............................,.................. here.
1 А given в taken С set D turned Politics is Ьоriпg for me.
2 АЬу В for С during D while вY
3 А after В after having С before D afterwards | ...,.,.................,.... politics.
4 А into В up with С down with D out
5 А оff Bup Cinto Doff
6 А taken в had С made D done
7 А would В used to С аrе used to D have got used to
8 А first В second с third D fourth
9 А ечеr В печеr С a|ways D hardly
1о Aat Bof С about Din

68 ProgressYest З
Ы€ Complete the conversation with the ffi
'* Complete the passage Ьу putting the correct
''*=
iп the Ьох. word in each of the gaps.
"xpressions
concerned about taking
far as l am
should take advantage don't you think тtъе hidden =
wфffiФмwж#жtrжffiýЁ
to Ье honest ап interesting question wжжжж&hffiжffiffiжжж
could always to think of it ffi#ýйй&#&&WWWе
Ьоп't Ье too surprised if your dog starts barking
Patrick Have you got апу idea of what you d like to Р).d.цппllg..... the advertisements this
do when you finish school?
evening. Normally dogs that sit in {rопt of the w
.

Jеппу That's (1) Fоr the

don't rеасt (1)....,........." to what is going
time being ljust want to pass mу exams,
оп, Ноwечеr, а clever advertising agency has
Patrick How (2) а gap уеаr
(2},..,...,...,... advantage of their ability to
after you've finished?
hеаr sounds that are outside а hчmап being's
Jеппу А gap уеаr? But (3)
range. They have included these sounds in а
N/um and Dad would Ье disappolnted?
commercial that is aimed t3).....,..."""
Patrick Perhaps, but as (4)
dogs. Whеп they tested it оп 12 diffеrепt doEs,
there is more tor|,ife than following а саrееr,
they found that the dogs stopped what they
freedom while you сап. (4)............... doin9 and looked at the TV,
(6) The (5),...... enthusiastic о{ the animals
Jenny Соmе lwould like
to travel and see the world. ечеп lickad the screen! The pet food mапufасturеr
in the аdчеrt hopes that the next time we
Patrick WelI, you (7) .....,................

volunteer to work abroad. (6),.............. оur shopping we will 9о for

Jenny Workingabroad!(8)..................,... their Ьrапd first. sonre vets hаче doubts about the
|'ve never realty considered it, Yes, why not? negative impact the advert wiil have and say we
jЪ (7) ","",""""" "" "
It could Ье interestin9. should not leave our pet оп ,

in {ront of the ТV. We shou|d Ье thеrе

just
tЖ Matcb what the people say 1-6 with what in (8).......,... it bec,omes Tl:
"ч:"1,
they need А-F. mапu{асturеr has по such fears апd is looking
'l want to make sure l get the best deal fоr mу (9).,...,......... to а big iпсrеаsе in sales, Two
саr insurance] years agol а similar аdчеrt was used in Austria
'We пееd as much publicity as possible to make with Ereat sчссеýs. Му guess is that we will have
peopte aware of our new productl to get (10).,......,.".. to seeing mоrе adverts
з 'we need а short piece of music for our соmmеrсiаl] of this kind in the futurе.
4 'l like to Iook fоr bargains, but l don't always know what
lwillfind]
'There аrе several versions of the same product, but l

always get the cheapest опеl

'We need to design something to put оп all оur
clothes, so that peopIe know оur паmе]
А advertising саmраigп
в price соmраrisоп website
с supermarket Ьrапd
D jingle
Е logo
F the Jапuаrу sales

Pr*gressTest 2 69

l

ffiKeM ý"}р
When you соmраrе the
pictures Iook fоr some
things that аrе the same
and some things that аrе
different. Do поt describe
each picture individually,
'r t ""; {,y..iltt the questions
fоr the task аrе written above
the pictures.
ж-&ffiфffiжJ\ffiffi т,$
Usually suffixes do not add
to the mеапiпg of а word,
they just change the Гоrm.
However, -ful апd Jess саrrу
positive and negative ideas,
e.g. Caret,., 1,
са rе!
7О l/Vе}{-!з*i*g
%р*mfi*fiнвщ
L*ng tжrп
*ý
WorK in pairs and discuss. What do you think makes the person who spends
time in this room happy? Where are you happiest?
"ý Work in pairs. Read the task and look at the photos at the top of ра9е 71.
What points wouId you make when doing the task?
, Your pictures show children апd their possessions. ld like you to соmраrе the
]рhоtоgrарhsапdsауrry]_rуу_"ч!ПIIl!_"р9::9::i_9т_919_imроЦlцЦо*l!r_:l19У
ýý ffi Ёfi Listen to FеliсiаЪ answer. How welI did she соmраrе the
photographs? Did she make the same points as you?
ffi Wbat was the ехаmiпеrЪ follow-up question for Carlos? What did he reply?
ý listen again and compIete the sentences. Which expressions are used to
compare the photographs? Which опеs are used to speculate/make guesses?
1 The little girl ....,...,...,,............. to Ье very happy
2 The Ьоу а bit surprised.
3 he doesn't know what is happening,
4 Nearly everything the girl has is pink, all the boy's stuff is blue.
5 The girl looks about fоur years old, .. ..........,....... .... the little Ьоу about two.
6 |'m .,..... ................... that their rооms don't usually look like that.
ffi
*--'- work in pairs. Student А: turn to ра9е 136 and do the task. Student В: listen
and answer the foIlow-up question. Тhеп turn to page 138 and swap roles.
р Ъ'P'*"**ff"*-**B^o*"n
WЩЁЦ*ffiff"#Н"mifrýе8 frfl
a*j*ctlv*s; рг*fiх*ý agзcJ slýýx*s
look at the adjectives. Decide if the underlined parts of the words are
ýý
prefixes or suffixes.
{,,, 5,
unhappy careless cheerful informal
-il
 :*'
ffi Work in pairs. Complete the table Жж* ,ж# ffiкъgШfiжfu
with the negative forms of the
\el*;"d $*r-rз:ахi*п
adjectives in the Ьох.

fortunate honest polite ý Read the web post about happiness. Do you agree?

correct possible ехреriепсеd

regular expected relevant
likely formal

ф ИVrlаtЪ your орiпiоп? Дdd your соmmепt below,

Fоr а stat1, l think it's пеаrlу (0) ,,.,imроssйk to mеаsurе happiness!

Sometimes l'm really happy because l've Ьееп (1),.,. ... .....,....,.....
at something and it's given mе а sепsе of achievement, At оthеr times

|'m happy because it's а (2) .. day the sun is shining апd

ffi Complete the sentences Ьу adding everything is (3)..,,.,......,....,..,..,. iп mу wоrld! 0п the other hand silly

-/ess or -fulto the words in brackets. things сап make me feel miserable - for example, if someone says

1 the dentist was а ....................

Л/у last visit to
something (4) .., .. ... ,. .. .. ,,... .. . to mе оr if l get f rustrаtеd because

(pcln) ехреriепсе, l'm going to try another I'm (5).......,...., to do something. l сап feel upset if l'm too

one next time. (6).,..........,...,.,...... to finish something, too. Some people say that

The informatlon we received was you need to have mопеу to lead а happy life and to а сегtаiп extent
(use). lt was completely out of date. that's truе. lf уоu'rе (7)......,.,.,.......,...,., оr you сап't аffоrd the basics
Whч can'L Vou Ье more ..,....,......,...,.(care)? fоr а rеаsопаЬlе standard of living thеп of course not having mопеу
ТhаtЪ the third plate you have Ьrоkеп. will make you (8),..,.,...,... . But sometimes сопсеrп about
The wedding was а ................,.. !'оу) getting mоrе mопеу and mоrе mаtеriаl things сап lead to а
occasion and ечеrуопе had а 9rеаt time. (9)......,.....,.,....... life. А good lesson l think is to trу to lеаrп to
ltЪ .................... (роiпг) asking me where l put Ье (10)......,.,...........,.. with what we have.
the keys! lcan't rеmеmЬеr!
Doctors аrе .....,............,. (hope) that he will
make а full rесочеrу.
ffi Read the article again. Fоr questions '|-10 use the word
in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form an
adjective that fits in the gap in the same line.

ffi Work in pairs.Tell your partner what makes you happy.

tjn;t 7 $lcj ],Ьt].]q 7'|

Wш*шh*дýmш-у #
hea}t}з апd *tness

ffi Work in pairs and discuss.

,::],
]]]: ,

Can mопеу buy us health and happlness?

ffi nead the comments below about пеwТV

programmes related to health. Match the names
of the programmes 1-3 with the comments А-С.
1 Who needs the gym?
2 So, what's in your trоllеу?
3 shall l call the doctor?

Ж W ?7 Complete the comments with the words in

the Ьох. Тhеп listen and check.

А benefits balanced down protein aching С regular shape keep life working

P*s*wtзr*
l know how important it is to do (1) , .. ..,.. .
ехеrсisе but l don't spend hours (2)..............,..,,. out
at the gym - simply because l don't have the hоurs
This is ап excellent documentary about the most рорulаr
to do that! So, l love this пеw sегiеs that encourages
supermarket foods and just how good оr bad they аrе fог us.
people to do exercise, (3).. .... ....., ,., fit and imрrоче
The students'favourite, baked beans, аrе unsurprisingly top
(4) ........,.... ... expectancy without getting obsessed
of most suреrmаrkеt lists. The good news is that they keep
Ьу it. The рrоgrаmmе gives us tips on how поrmаl
us strong апd healthy because, incredibly, they have mоrе
ечегуdау activities сап keep оur bodies in good
(l),,... , ........., than а piece of steak! And tea - the UK's
most popular drink - has health (2) ..,, too - it сап
(5) . .. ...,..,.. Taking the stairs instead of the lift
stop us going (3) with a|l sorts of bugs! Milk is
оr escalators in the shopping сепtге, ruппiпg upstairs
in our homes rаthеr than walking аrе just two easy
good for us when we've got (4).... ...........,... muscles аftеr
things we сап do. Тhеrе аrе mапу mоrе ideas оп the
ехеrсisе and it's 0К to eat small amounts of chocolate as раrt
of а (5).............,....,. diet because it gives us pleasure! Now рrоgrаmmе. Don't miss it.
thаtъ what l like to hear!
5:g,, airt

В call painkillers tWiSting up caught ffi nead the comments again and answer
the questions.
What сап you glve sоmеопе who has had а
Ечег wопdеrеd what you'd do if someone had а heart attack?
heart attack?
А new рrоgrаmmе оп Сhаппеl 8 is all about easy first aid.
Like giving chest compressions to the rеgulаr beat of а What is the 9rоuр word fоr the police, firefighters
song - the опе they choose is the Вее Gees' hit, Staying
and medical assistance?
A/lyel We lеаrп all about when we пееd to (1),.,................. What do you have when you've got а cold and
а doctor оr ап ambulance, Also, it tells us when we сап give yoU can't breathe easily?
ourselves simple tгeatment, like taking (2)...,,...,.. .... . , What phrase mеапs when you hurt yourself but
cough medicine оr putting а plaster оп а cut. Our еmеrgепсу not seriously?
services аrе great, but they're overstretched. We need to
know what to do if we've picked (3) .. .,,. .... а stomach
ffi Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
bug оr (4) а bad cold or ечеп got а miпоr iпjuгу 'l What thrее things аrе important fоr
- like (5) ап ankle playing football, And we
balanced diet?
а

сегtаiпlу don't need to go to accident апd еmеrgепсу if we've

got а blocked поsе! Watch the рrоgrаmmе. We'll all lеаrп 2 What other easy way is there to keep fit?
something frоm it. 3 What do you do when you catch а cold?

tJnit ? Wе|l-пеiпq
Zеrо, first and second conditionals ffi Гiпа and underline опе more
example of each type of
> GRAMMAR RЕГ[RЕ},lСЕ о,l5З conditional in the comments in
Activity 1.
ffi Work in pairs. Read the comments from people
who watched the programmes оп page 72.Which
programme has each person watched? ý Complete the ruIes with zero, first
or second.
We use the conditional when we
....................

аrе talking about the result of something

that might happen in the future.
We use the .................... conditional when
we аrе talking about something that is
They did some tests on the brain imagined.
- with а scan. And if реор}е eat We use the .................... conditional when we
chocolate а certajnpart of the are talking about something that is always
brain ]ights up! Honestly if they true.

tested mу brain when I ate chocolate,

I think ечеrу part would light up! ffi Лrе statements 1 and 2 true (Т)
or false (F)?
we сап use иrhел instead of if in the
first conditional.
So, what wot;]d I do lf someone col]apsed The if clause must always go first in
йth а hеаrt attack? ] think Id Ье too the sentence.
frightened to try anything myse]f. I wou]d
call ап аmЬu]апсе!

3 Му muscles really ache after а]1 that exercise.

On the progralnme they saythat if I drink а
ffi Complete the sentences with
the correct form of the verbs
glass of mi]k mу muscles wi]l feel better very in brackets.
quiсНу! If I had some mi]k in the fridge, Id
1 Sometimes l don't sleep very well. lf
try it but I thjnk I'll just have а rest instead. (поt sleep) at least seven hours
ечеrу niqht, I . .. .......... (feel) terrible the
next day.
lf l ...,.......,...,,... (hove) а bike, l ....................(cycle)
They say that ifyou increase your heart rate to college in the mornings. МауЬе l'll buy
for 20 minutes а day it's чеrу good fоr your one after the holidays.
hea]th. ОК, If the weather's good tоmоrrолц lf she ..... .... ...... ... (поt fееГl better tomorrow
I'11 go rrinning. Anyone out there want to she ..........,...,...,. (поt Ье able го) go to school.
join mе? ln ап ideal world, if people ,.,................. (do)
а lot of regular exercise, they ....................
(iпсrеаsе) their life expectancy.

lf l .................... (9о) to the doctor with this

cold, he (rеl0 me to stop wasting

ffi Пеаd the comments again and match the underlined his time!
phrases with conditionals А-С. lf l ..................., (Ье) а doctor, l ..................,.
(advise) you to take up а sport.
А Zero conditional: /f + рrеsепt simple, + present simple
в First conditional /f + present simple, + future with иrll/
ffi
:
Turn to page 141 and do the activity.
с Second conditional: /f + past simple, + would + infinitive

Unit 7 We|l-beinq 7З
 ffi listen again and choose from the list А-Е
what each speaker says about the different
therapies. There is one letter that you do not
need to use.

жж&р4 тýр
Dопt choose ап option:onJy Ьёсаusе it contains а word
thatthe speaker usel |t mау not Ье соrгесt. Listen to
what the speaker actually says.
ýrt t},l* екагtл thеrе are five speakers and eight options.

The speaker

А doesn't believe in it.

Speaker 1

в is disappointed Ьу it iп рrасtiсе.
Sреаkеr 2
с recommends it to ечеrуопе.
Speaker З
D realises that the treatment

isn't а cure.
Speaker4 Г__l
has Ьееп made well.

Complete the sentences with words from the

recording.
'l You have got ап illness оr injury when
you аrе fully rесочеrеd.
Alternative medici ne/therapies
(= medical treatment that is not based оп А .....,....................,.. is somethin9 you wеаr to соvеr
the usual western methods) уоur face.
People sometimes 9et ................,............. оп their fi ngers
and toes when they stay iп icy conditions for too long.
ffiр*ж**ýжg А .,.....................,..... is а period of time you spend with
therapist.
ffi
а
Work in pairs. Read the definition and
А is а реrsоп who changes his/her belief
descriptions of fочr therapies. Have you ................,............

оr the way he/she thinks about somethin9.

heard of any of these? Do you know апу
other alternative therapies? 6 Ап .............................. is а bird that usually flies at night.

7 People are .................,...,........ when their illness оr injury has

lridology - looking at someone's eyes and studying
completely gone because of treatment.
the iris to help diagnose health problems.
Homeopathy - taking а very low dose of what makes
You get when you rесочеr from
ап i lness.
us ill can сurе us - such as роllеп for an allergy.
Сrуоthеrару - puttin9 а реrsоп in ап extremely cold
place fоr а short period сап help with pain. Жр*ж&*fiwъg
D Acupuncture - putting thin needles in special parts of
а person's body to help with health рrоЬlеms. ffi Discuss the questions.
'l Would you try any of these therapies? Why/Why поt?

fuýж*mкчýжъg
2 How popular are therapies like these in your country?
З Аrе thеrе any other traditional alternatives to оrdiпаrу
}*жýtiрý* гýýý*ýriýý medicine that people iп your country use?

Жý ffi }S Listen to four people talking about

different therapies. Match the therapies A-D
in Activity 1 with speakers 1-4.

74 lJnit 7 i{jrii,biriпq
иm #8ýý, CItfu еrwfsе, рr*rrfd*d ffi Complete the dialogues 1-3 with unless,
otherwise, if or provided that. Sometimes more
tЁтш&
than опе answer is possible.
}" GRАммАR RЕГЕRЁNСЁ р,l54 1 А l'll Ье back at school Ьу second lesson
mу appointment takes longer than 20 minutes.
ffi Work in pairs. Read the title of the article
в you're not back, l'll take notes for you
and answer the questions it asks.
А Cheersl
2А we need to set оfг еаrlу tomorrow.
we'll get caught iп all the traffic.
в Well, .................,..,...,.... l очеrslеер, l'll pick you up
at 7.З0 a.m.
А And ..........,..,...,........... уоu'rе not there, l'll riпg you to
wake you up!
зА What time will your plane get in оп Wednesday?
в there are по delays, we'll land
at 6.З0 p.m.
А ОК. .,.................,......... уоu'rе no later than 7.00 p.m.,
meet you at the airport. ............,...,............, get а
|'ll
taxi home.

ýý Rewrite the sentences using the words given.

1 l must get an early night оr l'll feel tired all day tоmоrrоw
oTHERWISE

Аппiе and l аrе going to watch the football match

tomorrow if it doesn't rаiп.
UNLESS

lfwe've qot enough mопеу we'll go оп holiday

iп August.
PROVIDEDTHAT

l get а rаsh iп the sun if l don't put оп sun сrеаm.

oTHERWIsE

You'll have problems With уоur teeth if you don't 9о

for а check-up soon.
UNLEsS

|'ll lose weight quickly if l cut down оп sweets

and biscuits.
ffi Пеаd the artic|e and decide which of the
PROVIDEDTHAT
rules 1-5 is false.
Both unless апd otherwise аrе used to mean lfnor.
,|

2 Uлlеss is used to link two parts of а sentence. ýpeakimg

3 Otherwise is used to rеfеr back to а previous
clause or sentence. ffi Work iп pairs.Tellyour partner about some
We use provided rhаr instead of if to make the
plans you have for the next few days and what
condition stronger. might stop you.
Unless, otherwlse and provided that are used with |'ll go toTom's party uпless l've got too much homework!
second conditionals.

l-"lnit 7 Иlеl1-1эеiпg 75
ýpeaking ffi Пеаd the article again and choose the answer
(А, В or С) which fits according to the text.
ffi Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
According to the writer, red should Ье used in
What are your favourite and least favourite restaurants to make people
colours? Why?
А feel huпgrу. В eat quickly. С mоrе relaxed.
Do you think that colours сап influence the way you want people to
Which colour should you wear if
we feel?
approach you?
А yeilow В pink С orange
Reading According to the writer, what еffесt сап some colours
ýЧu}tlрlе choice have оп people who are waiting?
А make them feel mоrе patient
ffi Qui.KIy read the article аЬочt соlочr and в make them feel mоrе stressed
decide what sort of magazine it comes from.
С make them feel happier
1 а scientific magazine Goalkeepers feel mоrе confident when
2 а newspaper supplement
А а penalty-taker wears а blue оr white shirt.
3 а home decorating guide
В they face а penalty-taker wearing а rеd shirt.
С they are wеаriпg а blue shirt.
ffi nead the first two paragraphs of the article.
ln sporting competitions, wearing red or blue
Match the colours 1-6 with associations А-F.
red А
gTelaxation А matters less than previously thought.
в
1

2 yellow в friendliness
has little iпfluепсе оп referees.

3 blue С healing
С сап make а significant diffеrепсе.

4 brown D ап9еr
The article is about

5 grееп Е depression
А the writеrЪ ехреriепсе of colour and its еfГесts.

6 orange F happiness
В the way different colours сап iпfluепсе us.
С why people interpret colours iп different ways.

ЕхАм TlP
,'X!,t lg6ýa;jaёa toi'Ondeitine the parts.of'the text thil,the
VосаЬuIаrу
:,,,q]uеstiо,лs'iёfеr,tо. "]-:,.]].] .] deBendent ргевýýitiФпs
Complete the sentences with the
correct prepositions.
1 Some people react..,................. criticism Ьу getting апgrу.
2 l always associate that song my Iast уеаr at
high school.
Doctors trу to discourage us .................... eatin9 too much
fried food.
Studying hard can make the difference
gettin9 а good job оr Ьеiпg unemployed.
We have no choice our family but we can
definitely choose оur friends!
Some experts believe that violent films сап have а bad
еffесt .........,.......... people.
sarah whitesmith discusses
hоw соlочr affects очr lives.
l l te a,ll know that colour can affect оur mооd.
U'f Srttrrrg in а rооm painted brown fоr half
an hоur can depress us for the rest of the day!
Ноwечец the way we rеасt to colours isn't just
in our minds. colours can affect our bodies too.
Red makes our hеаrt Ьецt faster. It doesn't turn
us into nronsters lэut it's easy to see why it is
considered to Ье the соlоur of апgеr. Арраrепtlу,
thouýh, it also increases our appetite; so if you
еr.еr open а restaurant, rrrake sure that you
include Tecl somewhere in уоur соlоur scheme!
Psycholoýists аýrее alэout the effects of sоmе
other сошmоп соlоurs, too. yellow makes us
happy. Ноwечец а lot of yellow can mаkе us feel
anxious, so don't use too much when decorating
уоur home! Blue apparently calms us down,
while green helps sick people feel better. Orange
ls wаrm and friendly. Have you noticed that
at parties ýuests always seem to go towards
реорlе wearing this соlоur? As for pink, most of
us associate it with rоmапсе or little girls, but
surprisinýly it is used in some prisons too - in
two different ways. Оп the one hand pink is said
to have а calminý effect on чiоlепt lэеhачiоur
but on the other hand weariný pink prison
clothes is supposed to discoulage рrisопеrs
frоm reoffending - they rеаllу don't like having
to wеаr pink!
Соlоur can also affect people's awareness of the
passing of time. In one experiment реорlе stood
in rооms with different kinds of li$ht. Blue liýht
mаdе time pass mоrе quickly and easily, while
rеd liýht mаdе time go Ьу mоrе slowly. So, it's
рrоЬаlэlу а good idea to have blue walls in places
whеrе people often have to spend а lot of time -
like in waiting rооlпs at dосtоr's and dentist's!
Реrhарs опе of the most interestiný thin$s about
colour in today's wоrld is its iшроrtапсе in sроrt.
statistics show that it can mаkе the difference
between winning and losing! In one ехреrimепt,
they discovered that goalkeepeIs felt far less
confident faciný а penalty frоm а red-shirted player
than one who was $rearing white оr blue. Their
explanation is that when we sее the соlоur red it
makes us feel anxious lэut it makes those who аrе
wearing it feel mоrе confident.
Sometimes, competitors hаче no choice очеr the
соlоur they wеаr. In taekwondo, fоr ехаmрlе,
competitors аrе sometimes allocated red,
sometimes blue. Ноwечец there is evidence to
show that referees usually favour the cornpetitor
in rеd. During the Athens Оlушрiс games, when
the rеfеrее had to choose the winners of very close
matches, 62 percent of the winners wеrе wearing
rеd. Is it реrhарs time to use mоrе neutral соlоurs
in sроrt?
The effect of colours on оur emotions is wide and
соmрlех. An understanding of this can help us in а
range of ways - frоm deciding on а colorrr scheme
for а school оr hospital to choosing what to wеаr to
make us feel d.ifferent, оr influence the people ш,е
meet оr wоrk with. Whether it's important enougih
to make а bi$ foott-lall team decide to changie its
traditional teanr colouTs - well, that's another
question! Somehow, I rаthеr doubt it!
 ffiржж&*ýжg Wrfr*frжжg

ffi Work in pairs and discuss

*ý}ý}ý

the questions. &,\ýКýýýЖý RЕГЁRЁ},iС[ р. l 6?

Do you have а favourite time of уеаr
оr season?
ffi Пеаd SаshаЪ reply and underline the parts where she
answers points 1-4 from GеmmаЪ email.
lsthere а time of year when you feel
happier оr sadder than usual? What do
you think causes this?

&ý Read GеmmаЪ emailand answer Mail ? 4t ;:n iilll пгl

the questions.
'l What рrоЬlеm does Jordi have?
Dear Gemma,

Thаnksforуouremаi[.It'sgoodtoheаrthatyou.reenjoyingIсe[аnd!Yourсаrd
2 What advice would you give him? was [ove[y, tha п k you I The snow scenes а re magica[.
in
.

I'm so sorry to hear that Jordi's hайпg а bad time. This often happens here
Apparentty,
]:

l\u)>IavyllcllPcUPLtцUllL)ccllluLll Ье very depressinq.

Russia when peopLe don't see much suп. It сап чtчсlJuсрlgJJ|||у.лрро|с||LLJ, :r]r:i:a]
То: SaSha@gmail,com
1

it,sаtttodoйthhowmuсhsun[ightourbrаinsneed.Thereissomethingyouсаn
Frоm: Gemma@ao1-online,com
try. I bought а speciaI sun Lam р that you put in уочr rооm. If you sit in front of it 11ý]
forsometimeeverydaу,youfeeLbetter.Itworksforme.
Hi Sasha,
lceland is а геаllу amazing place. ' Did you get my I would [ove to соmе and see you both in the summer! I have а coup[e of weeks
а йsitthen?
fitin
postcard last week?The landscapffi offin August. Perhaps we сап

therapy!
]

isn't it?The people аrе чеrу friendly, too. 9- . Норе а[[ goes we[[ with the sun .
Jordi
:..: l]

Wоrk is great, but we аrе finding it hаrd to get Give mу love to

::::,
j
2
used to the чеrу short days and Jordi mrsses Sasha :.1,, ,i

_Щ_lt has rеаllу affected his mood and he is

getting quite depressed about it. l know you have
the same kind of daylight in St Petersburg
'huu" чоu qot any
- ffi Circle phrases iп SаshаЪ emailwith the
bri
following mеапiп9s.
Summer will Ье Ьrilliапt, l know. а.Щчоu3[iд!
vou'll have а chance to visit? 1 That sounds like а grеаt idea.
Love, 2 Good luck with ...
Gemma
3 l'm very happy that ...
4 What а pity that ...
5 Why don't you try ...
6 How about аrrапgiпg something then?

ffi You have received ап emai]from an American friend,

Sammy, who has just moved house. Read this part of
the email and then write your email.

Grеаt new house! Only рrоЬlеm is that the colour

scheme is а nightmare. The bedroom is оrапgе
and rеd and mу study is bright yellow! Yоu'rе so
good at соlоurs and designs ... any suggestions?
Do write soon
Sаmmу

жжdhý4"кýW
}"" g-,tt" lэкэг* you will need to use your ima9ination and invent

details to put iп your email,

78 Unit 7,", l i,, , i

ffi Complete the sentences with the correct Ж Complete the sentences with unless, provided that
form of the words in brackets. and otherwъe.
We're чеrу (fоrmаD iп this оffiсе, 1 You won't get fit ..........,.,................. you take mоrе exercise.
we all use first names. 2 You'll get better.......................,...... you stay iп bed and keep warm.
Even though she has Ьееп ill for а lопg time she 3 Stop dоiпg that, you're going to hurt yourselves.
Stay
..............................
manaqes to (cheer).
4 ТhеуU better get here soon; theyte going to
Тhеrе is по point iп being so ,........,..,................. miss their appointment.
(раtiепt) - it won't make things hарреп апу
5 lt couId get worse you see а doctor.
You'|l Ье fiпе at college
faSter.
6 you аrе carefui with your
ldon't know why they use such
mопеу.
(ехреriепсе) staff.They аrеп't able to апswеr any
of their customers' questions.
what а rude childl l've печеr met such an
ffi Complete the text with the words in the Ьох.
(роllге) fi ve-yea r-оld. exerclSe fit aching balanced cut
6 Ечеп though the situation looked benefits diagnose twisted check-up
(hope),they were fiпаllу rescued Ьу а search expectancy mlпоr
party.
Sadly, the weatheri, .............*............ (/ikely) to get
апу better for the next few days.
ltЪ .,............................ фоssiЬlе) to 9et tickets for the
сопсеrt. They sold out months ago.
The navigation system l got fоr mу birthday is
rеаllу .. .. .. ... ........ (use). lt means l don't get
lost апуmоrе.
10 She made some .,.............. ............., (care) mistakes iп
the exam.

ffi Complete the sentences with the first

or the second conditional form of the
words iп brackets.
What ..,...........,...,....... ... (wе есr) if we
(/iye) under the sea?
lf l ................,....... .,,...(fiпish) my work, l

(9о) to the party this evening.

|'m sure he .........,............,,.....,(take) your advice if negUlar t?} ;.,...;,..u.,,;,.,.,,,,;.

you ..._..._........_............ (speok) to him.
сап bring you important
Не ....................... ,..,... (поt suffer) from indigestion if health (8)
he .............................. (еаt) mоrе slowly. yоч don't have to work out
You .......,..,....,...,.......... (scye) а lot of mопеу if you to keep {9},..,.,.,,.,...,...,...,,.
* а lопg walk is iuýt аS
(srop) smokin9, but l don't thlnk
you ечеr will. good. That way уоu аrе

(лоr
less likely to suffer from
The surgeon defi nitely ...............,...,..........
(l0} ,,..,,,.......
реrfоrm) the ореrаtiоп if she .,.......,.................... (поt
mчsсlёs апd you will
/ose) weight.
lf l ............,........... (Ье) the president l
injuries such as
(mcke) smoking illegal.

We .............,...,... ,,.,...., (have rо) stay at home if the

ЬаЬу .............,.... ............ (поt feei) апу better.

Unit 7lАle|l-bc:]nq 79
 ýреmý*ýжg
ffi TbinK of your three favourite animals and put them iп оrdеr.Тчrп to
page 'l44 to find очt what this says аЬочt you. Compare уочr answers
with а partner.

Wgр*mfuжýжrу
аrзýrжа*s

ffi Matcb the kinds of animals 1-5 to the examples А-Е.

1 reptile А dragonfly, ant
2 bird В Ьеаr, cat
з mammal с snake, crocodile
4 insect D shark, salmon
5 fish Е owl, kingfisher

ж
ж Think of two more examples for 9roups 1-5 in Activity 2.

ýж Сору and complete the table with the words in the Ьох. Check your
&ýё
answers with а partner.

t€еt+ paws feathers fur beak fins skin

scales wings
*-iй"'"."J---
- l
,l
Mammals п;;;-----т"*;;;г--
i lnsects l гisь
- -г------l;;г----l
i

г;*
]iil
]:1l j *_*_l___*
__l_*__"__.*_"_ *._*:

ffi WorK in pairs. Look at the words in the Ьох in Activity 4. Why do
animals have these things?
Ехоmрlе: Fur keeps ап апimаl warm

80 Natr,lre stu*iy
Lis**rтýпg
Multipýe c}"rCI!ce

ffi Work in pairs. Сап you think of апу inventions

that have copied things from паtчrе?
Ехаmрlе: reflecting lights iп the roods - cats'eyes

Ж W 29 Listen to the interview with film maker

Cathy Burrows and see if she mentions any of
your ideas.

ffi Шstеп to the interview again. Fоr questions

1 -6 choose the best answer А, В or С.

.ýЖ8ýlТ'i,р
Ма,Ке :suiе ihаt.уой readl th а,ФЙаstiЬпs.lЙfоi е убu ste п, li

as this will help you know what you have to listen for. The Сору and complete the table with words from
queýtion-ý,'come :iп thё sа,гле'бidеrаý:iп theTecord g.
i п
the recording.Which words have the same
lп tlre ехаm there are seven questions. form for both the verb and почп?
N,
Cathy made the documentary because she wanted to
Y"lb
А research mоrе ideas fоr а project. 1 inspire
В inspire other film makers.
(2) influence
с shаrе what she had iеаrпt.
2

invent (з)
What attracted car designers to the Ьох fish? 3
А the design of its sca|es 4 design {4)
В the way it swims
(5)
С the speed it traveIs at
5 reduction

What did the bullet trаiпЪ designers hope to achieve 6 {6) attack
Ьу copying the оwlЪ feathers?
inform
А а reduction in noise
7

В а mоrе streamlined appearance 8 (8) shape

С an increase iп speed
The swimmin9 costume that Cathy mentions
ffi Complete the sentences with the correct
А was made of shark skin. words from the table.
В won several design competitions. David Attenborough, the famous naturalist, is а 9reat
С was unfair for some competitive swimmers. to еvеrvопе who works with him.
What does Cathy feel is special about Наrаrе's The еаrlу documentaries had a(n) ....................,...,..... оп mу
Eastgate Сепtrе? dad who decided to become а zoologist.
А It is energy-efficient. We need to put up а notice to .....,.................,...... people
В lt looks like а giant ants'tower. that dogs should not Ье walked пеаr the birds'nests.

с lt uses the same materia|s as ants'nests.

Scientists have observed а .............,......,......... iп the number
of deer iп this аrеа.
Cathy was surprised about the design of the spy рlапе
because of 5 А wild pig а Ьоу in the forest near here.

А the way it stores visual information. 6 of the safari park is excellent and lets
The...................,.....,....
people see animals in their naturaI habitat.
В its movement through the аir.
с the animal it was based on,
ffi Work in pairs. What other lessons do you think
we can learn from animals?

U*it 8 ýalure study 81

 ýрекý*ýmg ffimуктtж mf the реýýЕч8
Р ýR.ýIY*M&ý RЕГГRЕNСЕ l54
ffi Work iп pairs. Look at the picture and answer р.

the questions.
ffi Пеаd the rules about the passive form and
1 what апimаl is this? choose опе of the underlined forms in Activity
2 What аrе its special abilities? 2 as an example of each.

W* We use the passive when

ýрý Read the information аЬочt gecko tape and
say why the tape has this name.
we do not know the'agent'(who оr what did the
action) оr the agent i5 not important.
we want to focus attention оп the action and not the
реrsоп or people who did it.
we talk about something that is gепеrаllу known оr
believed.

ffi ГiпС examples of tenses 1-5 underlined in the

text in Activity 2.
present simple (х2)
,|

2 present continuous
3 рrеsепt perfect
4 past simple
5 future simple

ffi Cboose the correct options to complete the

rule about how we form the passive.
use the correct fоrm ofthe verb rо be/to hove and the
р rеsепt/ра st ра rtiсi ple.

L&iliffiaJA#ж TtP
We CANNOT make а passive form if the verb cannot take
an object, e.g. We wж-ф оп а beach.

А пеw strong sticky tape is being

developed Ьу scientists at Manchester
1r'.
University. lt is called gecko tape after the
lizard. Geckos аrе known for their ability
to climb апуwhеrе and this is because of
millions of tiny hairs оп their feet that help
them to hold оп to different surfaces.This
Ж Rewrite the sentences using the passive form.
Start with the words given and add the agent
where уоч think it is necessary.
Giant ants keep their towers at the same temperature.
The towers оf oiant ants
Scientists аrе studying insects at this very moment.
!nsects

secret was discovered three уеаrs ago Designers borrowed the shape of the kingfisher's beak
for the bullet train.
Ьу а team of scientists in California and
The shape ofthe kiпgfishеrЪ beak
it is поw being used to make the gecko
Nature has inspired some of man's most successful
tape. So far опlу а small amount of tape
iпчепtiопs. some of man's most successful inventions
has been made but it is hoped that lаrgеr
quantities will Ье produced in the future.
.

:::.
:i:]] Swimmers will not break these records fоr mапу years.
These records ...........................
They designed the new spy рlапе а уеаr ago.The пеw
а
. . ! .о ъл ,,р.
spy plane

82 Unit 8 \,]atul"e stuCv

.;::r, r"]':l til ici. irl, i r 'l i.i ]]la:]:ail
Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
Аrе there апу animaJs in уоur country that are affected
,;,i,l,, Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1

Ьу епvirопmепtаl рrоЬlеms? How?

1 What problems аrе affecting wild animals in the
Some реорlе say that we саrе mоrе about animals
world today?
than we do alэout people. Why do you thjnk they
2 Do you think we need to do something about these 5ау thlS?
problems? Why/Why not?
3 ]s there anything that each of us can do to help protect

i',:i : , '. i. , ,,, the епvirопmепt?

,,i ". ",. ,,, .1^,,. .l ,

4 Do you thlnk оuг environmentai problems аrе going to

:ll::,} WorK in pairs. Read the exam task and talk get better ог worse in the future? Why?
about what points candidates might make
during the discussion. 1l:.:l: Work in pairs. Turn to ра9е '|37 and do
the task.
Fe"e аrtr 5ог"lе ways peoole сап flnd оuI mоrе
about рrоЬlеms affecting animais in the world
'i'lil,
I

, today. Tal k to each other about how effective lli ;i,l'i.,Ц

:
these ways are of helping people find out mоrе
] about these problems. ln the decision-making part of the task it doesn't matter if
you disagree with your partner.
Now decide which you think is the most
,
effectlve w.iy_ ii,,l ii,1;,,. ,. li:-,ll: the ехаmiпеr will stop you after the Set time
' even if you haven't finished talking.

i11]rr; ф .ii.i Listen to Carlos ind МаriаЪ

conversation and see how mапу of your
points they talk about.
How effective are
these ways
Complete questions 1-6 with the correct тv science of helping people
';l: words.Then listen а9аiп to check. discussions find out more аьоцt
,|
So we have to say whether these аrе good these problems?
ways of making people аwаrе of the рrоЬlеms.
ls ....,....,...,..,....,. right?
2 Could vou thаг аоа'п?
leaflets from
з You .,. .,..,, without reading thегг? animal charities
4 So, аrе you that you th]nk the
documentaries аrе the most effective way?
5 Sorry, r don't
6 What do you mean ...........,................. ?

€qýttl,rtl.e,q
.,j::.

i
 ýреаkýrтg ýxAMTtP
ffi Work iп pairs. Read three comments about the environment. lnstead of repeating а word, writers
Which do you аgrее with? often use synonyms (words that
]
аrе close in mеапi{tg}.Цоtэklочt,,fиl
synonyms as this сап help to guide
you to the right sentence.
ln the ехаm there will опlу Ье опе
Qap in а раrаgrарh.

ffi Work iп pairs. Which parts of

the text helped you to choose
the correct sentences?

ýpeaking
ffi Discuss the questions.

Жеаdiпg Who do you а9rее with mоrе,

Nichola or Hugh? Why?
ýapped text What do you think will happen in
their relationship?
ffi Vou are going to read
"n "*r*'.l"
about environmental issues in
the home. Which things might people disagree about? Why?
whеrе to buy food and what to buy
YшсаЬчlаrу
using the саr рhrаsаl чегЬs in context
saving water and eIectricity
household waste and rесусliпg
ffi Matcb the underlined phrasal
verbs in the article with the
meanings 1-6.
ffi Пеаd the article. Are апу of the points you discussed iп
to take control
Activity 2 mentioned? 1

2 to make something completely full

ffi Wbat is the main рчrроsе of the articIe? 3 to understand

1 to say something serious 4 to have ап argument that stops
2 to give information
you from Ьеiпg friends

3 to entertain and amuse the rеаdеr

5 to lоwеr the level
6 to lose its freshness

ffi Пеаd the article again. Six sentences have Ьееп removed
from the article. choose from sentences A-G the one which ffi Complete the questions
fits each gap. There is опе extra sentence which you do not with the correct form of the
need to use. phrasal verbs from Activity 8.
тhеп answer them.
А Despite these drawbacks, Nichola is conscientious about using it.
'l What is уоur fridge or freezer
в Wоrrуiпg about the cost of оrgапiс food and FаirТrаdе chocolate has
With?
already led to angry words and silences.
Have you ever eaten anything that
с That is one thing we do have iп соmmоп.
has ?
D They still have their vehicle but have furious ar9uments очеr its future.
Have vou with
Е According to the /Ver4/ YorkЛmes, mоrе and mоrе couples are looking for апуопе recently?
counselling after arguments about environmental responsibilities.
Do vou usuallv ouicklv
F Glass jars do NOT go in the recycling bag with lids on. when someone tells you а joke?
G This leaves little space for the important things in life - such as ice сrеаm! Do people ever ask you to
vour music?

84 ýnit 8 i\ature study

Аrе you tired of being а slave to the compost bucket? Hugh Wilson
explains how his wife's passion for recycling has taken очеr family life.
I put the empty jam jаr into the rесусliпg bag, turn round
and it's the look on mу wifеЪ face that tells me I have
done something wrong. At first I try to work out what it
might Ье. Then I suddenly catch on. (1) ..............
I rеаllу should know that Ьу now. Му wife and I don't
аrguе очеr much but а new threat to family hаrmопу has
appeared. When voices аrе 1pised in our house now, it is
usually about recycling оr when it's reasonable to use the
саr. This is because my wife Nichola has recently turned
into an enthusiastic domestic environmentalist. She shops
locally, takes the train and bus whепечеr possible, keeps
rеusаЬlе shopping bags (and печеr forgets to take them to
the shops) and is an expert at organising recycling.
She turns down the central heating even when itЪ snowing
outside, and she fills up the frееzеr with boxes of lеftочеr
food. (2) ..... . It is fair to say that I do
not agree with this. Although I аm quite саrеful about
recycling, I only use the local fruit and vegetable market
instead of the supermarket when it is convenient. I also
sometimes leave the tap running while I Ьrush my teeth.
The difference in our attitudes has Ьесоmе а cause of
bitter argument. Ноwечец it's comforting to know that
we аrе not alone. (3) .............. Nichola and I аrе
not in need of such relationship therapy, yet. Му bottle
lid еrrоr caused nothing mоrе than а raised еуеЬrоw but
forgetting to take reusable bags to the shops is а mоrе
serious offence in hеr eyes. One rеа1 danger topic for us is
а small bin that sits on the kitchen unit whеrе we put waste
compost. The food in it goes offquickly and it gets smelly
if it isn't emptied five times а day. (4)
Неr view is - how important is а little inconvenience when
you соmраrе that with the future of the planet? I agree
with hеr up to а point. Ноwечец I still feel unhappy that
after going to work, doing mу household jobs and looking
after the children I still have to go outside with а bag of
chicken bones and potato peelings. I'm not saying we
shouldn't use the bin. I'm just saying that we doTl]t hаче
to Ье obsessive about it. Another аrеа of disagreement
could possibly become mоrе serious. It's financial.
Му wife thinks I d rаthеr save money
(5) .........................
than protect our children's future, while I think hеr focus
оп grееп issues will make us bankrupt.
Still, it could Ье worse. One couple we know аrе on really
bad tеrms. Mealtimes have Ьесоmе а huge рrоЬlеm for
them аftеr the wife introduced meat-free days without
discussing it first. Now hеr раrtпец who loves meat,
simply fries а steak or grills some chicken and puts it on
top оf whatever vegetarian dish his wife has рrераrеd.
Another couple we know have fallen out over whether
to sell their саr and rеlу on public transport. Не wants
to get rid of it. She wants to keep it. (О ..............
Counsellors believe that arguments оyеr green issues
will only get mоrе common and mоrе
unpleasant. Such disagreements can
divide couples in а way that other
#ж
topics such as politics don't. As
fоr me, it is сlеаr that I will hаче
to lеаrп to love the compost bin
оr Ье рrераrеd fоr mоrе difficult
times ahead.
Unit Е llatuie;lurly 85
 ffiр*жff*$шчg ffi Read the text again and answer
the questions.
ffi Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
Which of the things underlined did/willTom
1 Do you think your home is energy-efficient? Why/Why not?
and his wife do themselves?
2 What could you change to imрrоvе its епеrgу еffiсiепсу?
Who did/will do the other things?

ffi Work in pairs. Look at the picture below. lt shows

Ж Decide if the rчlеs are true (Т)
а house that wastes а lot of епеr9у. What are the
or false (F).
reasons and how сап the owners fix them?
We use have something dопе when we
аrrапgе for someone to do something for us.
ffiж,к,кжж*ýw* $ýжw*
il We опlу use this structure in the present
ý ý&&МЖ&ý RЕГЕR;l\СГ ;:.l54 simple tense,

ffi
{|
iTl Пеаd аЬочtТоmЪ new house.Which two changes То form the structure we u5e sublect + correct
;i, does he mention that haven't happened yet? tense of hcye + o!'ect + past participle.
Ё,

hd,hNffiL'ýАffiжý,ý$ý
We сап also use gеr instead of hcye with this
structu re, e.g. / бЙl mу h air cut last week,

ж Rewrite these comments from the

website using the causative hoye.
We planted some trees пеаr the house.
We .................... ..,,........ пеаr
the house.
We installed а new heating system in
our house.
We .... ............, .,......... iп our house.
We're going to put in new, thicker doors

r@Е@
next winter.
We .........,,.,...,.... ............ next winter,
We've replaced our broken old washing
l machine rесепtlу.
Our пеw house is really looking good поw and our j
j
We .,...,...... .. .. ..........,. rесепtlу.
energy L:liл have gone
bills Lл..л лллл Jл...л
down massively!We
_лллi.,лl.,t
had
rлrл hлJ
We check our саr regularly to make sure it's
the roof completely rep|aced |ast summer and had not caUSing pollution.
solar panels installed. They save loads of energy We ,..................., ......,..... to make sure
and look cool too. We've also recently had all it's поt causing pollution.
the windows changed and now we've got double 6 We replaced our old shоwеr with а mоrе
glazing throughout. lt cuts down оп traffic noise energy-efficient опе.
too. Wе'rе going to get the walls and loft insulated We ........,......,.... ........... with а mоrе
next month, which will cut down оп energy loss energy-efficient опе.
ечеп more. Jеппу wants to get the boiler changed
but that will have to wait - it's quite expensive. ffi Work in pairs. How could the place you
are in now Ье more energy-efficient?
Oh, and of course we've replaced all the old light
bulbs with energy-saving ones. Not а lot more we They пееd to have the windows сhапgеd,
can do.
Or is there? Апу suggestions?
ffi Turn to page 142 and do the activity.

86 tJnit ý i\atult slilc;i

W**ж,fuьвýжrу
рrер*sýti**аl р}: rаs*ý

ffi
..- Choose the correct alternatives to complete
the sentences.Then decidewhythe speaker
might Ье saying these things.
1 Сап you take саrе сгlоf the children fоr а few minutes?
2 Аrе you doing апуthiпg ot/forrhe mоmепt?
З Oh no, the lift is out by/of order аgаiп|
4 Did you do уоur homeworkon/byyour оwп?
5 didnt break it onlln purpose.
6 We must take advantage for/of thls
wonderful орроrtuпitу!

ffi
*-* Here are some more
prepositional phrases
unit. CompIete the sentences in your
from this
оwп words.
1 N/y Ьеdrооm is iп пееd of .,.

2 l аgrее that we should rефсе energy up to а роiпt,

but .__ ., .. .. ffi Гоr sentences 1-6, complete the second
3 ln the future l рlап to sentence so that it has а similar mеапiп9 to
the first sentence, using the word 9iven. Do
4 |'ve never been оп bad terms with
not change the word given. You must чsе
5 We should improve this classroom. Fоr iпstапсе,
between two and five words, including the
word given.

ffi Work in pairs. Complete the sentences with She mапа9еd to ореп the door.
-' the correct prepositions and say if these lN
sentences are true for you. Sh е .:.r, r r r:{d,.itl. gн"..ц i:,!..... th е d о о r.

1 l get annoyed .,....... people who drop litter l don't completely аgrее With yoU.
iп the streets. PolNT
2 ldon't think itЗ good ..............,.. animals to Ье
l only а9rее with you
kept in zoos.
Саrmеп emptied the rubbish bins.
3 l'm getting tired .....,..........., all the аrguiп9 about
BY
environmental problems,
4 l've got а passion visiting other ..... ..
The Ьiпs ........ Саrmеп ,

CoUntries and l don't think they should restrict flying. Don't throw that away, l'll rесусlе it.

5 I аgrее .....,... people who think that climate RlD

change is our fault. Don't.....,........... that. l'll rесусlе it.

6 l'm not sure ......,.. building more nuclear They had а big argument about 9rееп issues.
роWеr Stations. lt mi9ht Ье dangerous, oUT
Thev
",,/ ............,...... over green issues.
Жже ш# Жmgýf;ж&"ш А mechanic converted their саr to run оп methane.

Кеу wr*rс* tгапýýýгý]аtýýýý HAD

Thcv to rUп оп methane.
ffiжАм TfiP Ivlany people benefited from the 9ood weather and
did some 9ardening.
The Use of English paper оftеп tests your knowledge
of dependent prepositions'and prqpositional phrases. ADVANTAGE
Record these when you ýee-them in уоur book. lt/апу people ....,... the good

lп the *хаrп there аrе six key word transformations. Weather to do some gаrdепiп9.

Unit 8 lr]atul,e stu;,, 87

Ж**нжýftwъg
ffi Read the magazine article аЬочt а rеаdеrЪ
recent holiday. Which word does the writer
чsе а lot? Do you think this is good style?
Why/Why not?
Work in pairs. Try to find another word to
replace each example of пiсе. Compare your
ideas with other pairs.
ý Replace the words in itaIics with another word
or words that mеап the same.
'l l gоr the bus at 8,З0 a.m, this mоrпiпg.
2 We wепt lo Frапсе Ьу plane,
3 The сustогпеr said thar rhe meal was cold.
4 The film was bad апd t fell asleep
5 l got а lot of money for the job : d]d in the summеr.
6 l liked the holiday.
жж&р*ý,fiр
Use а rапgе of vocabulary in уоur writing. This is
something the ехаmiпеr looks fоr.
ýr"* you should writе between 'I40 and
{t,t* *к;прж
']
90 words for ап article iп Раrt 2.
h&#,****Ё*
ww ý кькýýж
*
ý\г*ýсi*
ý\ýýýYýуýýý RLГi3.Г;..,С: : .:
ýý Work in pairs. Read the task and tell your
partner which holiday you are going to write
about and why.
You see this notice in а magazine.
Hi Readers! We want to hear from you about а
holiday you've Ьееп оп recently in ап аrеа that
was really beautifu|. We'll print the best three
articles. Send your afiicles to me, Sandy, at the
address below.
Write your article.
ýý Make notes for your artic|e, d]vided into
different paragraphs.
Say whеrе you Went anСj
,|
\/1,/ho ,,li ith.
2 Say what trips you went on and what you saw.
з Say what was special about the аrеа.
4 Say whether you wil rеtu!-п оr ivhere you аrе рlаппiпg
to 9о next.
ffi Write your letter and answer these questions.
1 ls your grаmmаr correct1
2 Have you used а good rапgе ofvocabulary?
3 Have you organised the letter well?
4 Have you spelied basic words соrrесtlу?
5 Have you used an lnformal style?
 ffi Matcb the sentence beginnings 1-6 with Complete the second sentence so that it has
endings А-F. а similar mеапiпg to the first опе. Use опе оr
two words to complete the sentences.
1 Could we turл the heating
2 l think this milk has gone Ехаmрlе: Дrе you sure this is all your оwп work?

3 Jacob has fсl/еп Did you do this .............Ьg..,...,....., yourself?

4 lt took hеr ages to сdrсh She threw away his favourite jeans without telling him.

5 lt cost mе ']00 euros to f// She qot his favourite jeans without telling
him.
6 Jessica has offered lo toke
Сап you look after the dog this weekend? Сап you take
А our With Sam. They had а terrible argument about
the dog this weekend?
the environment.
You need to make the most of this opportunity. You
в up my саr with petrol.
should take ..........,...,............... this opportunity.
с оп, but once she understood she was furious.
l broke it Ьу accident. l didnt Ьrеаk it
D очеr responsibility for recycling bottles and paper, purpoSe.
Е olt We really can't use it. lagreed with some of what he said,lagreed with him
F dоwп? ll's so hot l could faint. а point.

ж 6 We should rераir the rооf. The rооf is in

ýýý Read the text about а lеw invention and rераir.
complete sentences 1-6 using the passive. They managed to rерlасе the Ьrоkеп window.
They succeeded ... .. . ............... replacing the Ьrоkеп
window.
Аrе you busy right now? Are you brusy

Beetle
moment?

ffi Complete the questions and answers using

lnspl
the words in brackets. Where necessary, use
the causative have.
sandra your house looks different.

Joanna Yes, we have done а lot.There are some

things that we (1) .............
I n Australian scientist has won the Dyson prize for (doourselves), but other things we
la.a new kind of рumр. It сап collect drinking water (2) ........,........... .....,,... (have/do) Ьу professionals,

in desert conditions. It will certainly save lives in places Fоr instance, we (3) ....,..,,....
(windows/change) Ьу а special соmрапу.
whеrе there is no water. The desert beetle inspired his
invention. Не noticed how the beetle collected water Sandra And what about the roof?
fгоm the morning fog on its back. It stays alive Ьу Jоаппа Oh yes, we (4) .........
(solo
dгinking it. Не developed his рumр in his mother's r ра пеl s/i п stal l)

garden! Не is making mоrе examples of the рumр. Sandra And (5) ., (you/decorate/the
house) yourselves?
Jоаппа yes апd по. we decorated the inside
ourselves, but we (6) .............................. (rhе
1 The Dyson рrizе ...,.. Ьу an Australian outside/paint) Ьу а professional.
scientist for а пеw kind of pump.
Sandra Your kitchen looks lovely, too.
2 Drinkino water iп desert conditions,
(7)
Joanna Thanks, We ... (cupboards/
3 Lives iп places where
...... there is по water.
mаkе)Ьу а shop, butJustin and his Ьrоthеr
4 His invention Ьу the desert beetIe.
....., (8) .............................. (tf0 them.
5 His pump.....,,.....,.. in his mоthеr's garden.
6 IМоrе examples of the pump

Unlt 8 ir:aii_lie s:llc,

 Work in pairs. Read the predictions and discuss the questions.
1 What was wronq wlth the predictions and what was righ:?
2 When do you think they wеrе made?
з Can you think of any other famous predictions made in thc :эs. _ia:
have been wrопq?

А Television won't last because реср :

",
Soon get tired of staring at а Wooce,
Ьох every niqht,
.:,,

There ls по rеаsоп апуопе would

want а computer ln their home.

Опе day the television will Ье used ..-з:ght and win

elections, to educate our children lп raeli оwп homes,
and as shops for us to buy everyrhing ,,,,,е need.

Work in pairs. Make опе prediction about how you think each of these
';.l.;1
things might change in the future. Compare your predictions with
other pairs.

leisure activities work places transport communication

Yоч are going to hear someone talking about 9oin9 to а scjence

exhibition. What sort of science exhibition would you Ье interested in
going to? Why?

90 r*tL.!r* ý*{!*ty
I_istening VосаЬulаrу
ýentence соrтзр|еtiолз сýrг]ýutегý
,

Ж а31 Listen to Nellatalking аЬочt ffi Пеаd some comments оп а website. Do you agree with
her visit to ап exhibition about robots. them? Why/Why not?
Why does she think the exhibition
is important?
ffi Complete the comments with the words in the Ьох.

print crash applications virtual

log software voice password
monitors download virus avatar

Our thread today is'computers

ffi listen again. For questions 1-10,
and the filture', Post уочr Gomment herc.
complete the sentences.
1 The exhibition at the science д/useum
hlчеgirI2

featu rеs We've опlу seen а tiny part of how computers сап сhапgе оur
difгerent robots.
lives. lп the future perhaps по опе will go to school! lnstead they'll
At the exhibition people .ofi,j g", (1l ....,,.............. оп to опliпе lessons апd (2l ..............,..... materials
explanations about each rоЬоt from to (3) ......,............. out. 0r mауЬе there will Ье {4) .............,...,.. reality
their.................. who was classrooms with (5} teachers!
standing пеаrЬу. rерlу | пеw post

The tеrm rоьог was first used in а iасýmае

l agree with bluegirl2. Great! But also, in the future all computers
............. Written mапу yearS а9о,
will.have.(6) .......,.,.,..:]:.. recognition so there'll Ье по пееd to uýe а
Опе thing that people expect robots to have
is ап unusual
keyboard or enter а (7l ..",.,..,..,,....... . We'll have {8) lп every
rооm and (9} ..................,. will let us do апу iob we wапt fгоm home - so
The most surprising rоЬоt Nella saw had the по need to g0 to wоrk either!
а
rерlу | пеw post
shape of ..........,.. not а human.

The oIder generation are not as worried about

............. as being lonely.
W pizzadon

l think smart phones will get smаrtеr and smarter! We'll Ье able to
download {10) ............,.,..... that rерlасе guidebooks when wе'rе оп
Nella hadn't expected that опе of а rоЬоtЪ holiday and ечеп talk to us whеп wе'rе bored ! Computers will affect
future jobs in the home might every single part of оur lives. But imagine if, suddenly, one day а
Ье (l1) .................,.. made allthe computers in the wоrld {12) .............,...... !
What would happen to оur lives then? reply | пеw post
We could potentially see robots iп schools
working as .........,.............. in classrooms.
Robots аrе аlrеаdу being used to do
important work for the
ffi Choose the correct alternatives to complete
'I
0 Nella advises people to visit the museum the sentences.
before .............. when the
lf you click оп/аtlhе link below, you'll Ье redirected to the
exhibition finishes.
right website.

ffi Work in groups and discuss. What |'m attaching the website/document you wanted to
this email
would you like to see robots doing in
the future? Му computer lost/missed connection five times this mоrпiпg. lt
makes me апgrу when I can't stay online,
First Ьriпg uр/оlопg а menu.Then scroll dоwп/оуеrапd choose
which page you need.
lt saves а lot of time if you сап cut and enter/paste parts of
your document.

Unit 9 Гuturе society 91

 ýреаki*зg
ffi Wbat do you thinkyour life will Ье like in five
years'time? Discuss with а partner.
ffi Work in pairs. Read the predictions and
- discuss which опеs уоч thinkwill come trче.
Change the dates оп those you disagree with.
ffi Choose the correct options to complete
the rules.
we form the future continuous with
will+ Ье + рrеsепt/раsr participle.
We form the future perfect with
will + have + present/pasr participle.
We gепеrаlIу use Ьу/iп with the future continuous and
Ьу/iп wlth the future perfect.

* е
Ж 3? Listen to Megan and Sam.Which
prediction from Activity 2 are they discussing?

ffi listen again and complete the conversation.

М=I\леgап S=Sam
М What do you think about the next prediction, Sam?
S l think it's really unlikely, ln 2020 we'll still
colds and (2) ...
(1).................... frоm hеаrt .
attacks.There аrе so mапу different illnesses itЪ
going to Ье impossible to find ways of treating ALL
of them!
м But scientiSts аrе making such quick progress these
days. lr/aybe not all of them - but l'm pretty sure
they'll (3).................... cUres for most of them Ьу then,
aren't you?
S (4).................... 2020? No. МауЬе 2050.
м You're such а pessimist!
S Nol l'm а realist. lt's different.

Ж
* ф 33 Listen to some sentences and notice
how the contractions are pronounced. Тhеп
repeat for practice.

ffi Complete the sentences with the correct form

of the verb in brackets.

Fшtu*rе рёý,f*ý* arTd The scientists .......... (fnlsh) their research Ьу

the end ofthe month.
ссзrтtfirъý,f;Ф&Jý 2 When l'm 60 l ..................... (поrliче) in this town.
> GRAMMAR itiЁ(Е\iСЕ о r55 3 The gочеrпmепt ..................... (поr improye) the
road system Ьу the next election.
ffi look at the predictions in Activity 2. We ....,................ (still/pay) for our new car in five
which ones years'time!
talk about something that is iп progress at а point iп | (погdо) mу homework оп Sunday
.,...................................,

the future? аftеrпооп - 5о come round then.

talk about something that has happened before а
point iп the future? ffi Тчrп to page 141 and do the activity.

92 Unit 9 Гi:turе sorietv

'*щ*r."*"},ян
гтg
,rý* rig;ýt у,ч*r*
L*з*g ýý.Jг*: ýr:*}*g

,i:ý WorK in pairs. Test each оthеrЪ vocabulary.

Look rочпd the classroom and describe
different items to уоur partner without using
the exact word.
lt's whot you USe to CUt papers опd things wtth.Sclssors.

щtýýjýs,ftl

&}}{,Jý, ф тýщ
Don't wоrrу if you dоп't know оr can't rеmеmЬеr а word
you want to use. Try to explain it iп another way.

Read the task and look at the pictures. Which

words do you think а student might have
problems with when doing the task?

l in. piliri",;;; i..i.i"g,Йi;rnn

technology. Соmраrе the pictures and say how
';bi;
. useful these ways of lеаrпiпg, might Ье for the
реооlе.

ý ;i.! Listen to Sara talk about the photos

flffi
and check your ideas.

iiii l-isten again and complete the phrases she

uses when she isn't sure of а word. Do you
know the words shеЪ looking for?
1 He's usinq а - sоrrу l don't ..,.,,..,.. the word
- it's ..,.... ... ,... Computer.
2 The Ьоу touches the ... um, ...,...... ls it?

З l think he's doing some maths, so1-1le - what do

you ...........,................,... ... them?
4 Тhеу'rе listening to опе teacher in а - l can't rеmеmЬеr
the . .....,...,,........,...,,....... word.
5 The teacher is using а - sorry, it's .. .......,...,.

6 lt's the ,............ you use to show pictures оп

а board.

il';:; WorK in pairs. Turn to ра9е 137. Student А:

do the task. Student В: listen.
Then tчrп to page 'l39 and swap roles.

9з
 AfterTrlsha had done hеr ]n]tral research
А she had а much сlеаrеr idea of the topic.
В it answered mапу of hеr questions.
с she felt she knew еvеп Iess than before.
D she knew а lot about the functions of the Ьrаiп.
When Trisha saw Dr Lоrrimеr move the helicopter,
she felt
А пеrvоus because it ooked hard.
В confused about how it was being done.
С uncertain about whether she wanted to try it,
D convinced that she couLd do the same thin9.
What does'pinpoint'in paragraph З mеап?
А ldentify exactly whеrе something occurs.
В Have а 9епеrа1 idea of what happens where.
С l\4ake а small hole in something.
1iiЁ D Shine а light on something.
*,i.,,ф
1!!]ý 4 Experts believe that as we get older we
:t)$t
ý::i|
А often become mоrе self-centred,
В ехреriепсе а wider rапgе of feelings,
С сап solve mоrе согпрliсаtеd prolэlems.
D begln to understand ho,,r, others fee .

what impact can the intelnet and socia] networking

sites have оп оur brains?
,:11
А They can slow down der,,elopment.
В They can reduce some people's intelligence.
С They can make our brains lаrgеr.
D They сап have an effect оп о dеr реорlе.
As а result of rеsеаrсh into the teenage Ьrаiп, we'll Ье
able to
А train better behavioural psycho ogists.
В reduce the teenage сrimе [ate,
С deal with mental illnesses mоrе appropriately.
D give suitable advice when teenagers
have difficulties.
,Ъ g:ri,*, ;;Ё"i.{, i *:i 1

the photos. Are you good at doing Match the underlined words in the article with
' 1-ooK at
'ii several things at the same time? Compare meanings'1-8.
your ideas with а partner. 1 do things that аrе w[ong
2 wires used to send electricity through а body
,"l , 'i
ф'! 1]
j;,]. :" , ': :',

з smallest part of а living thing

ýu}*ipl* {*{-};**
4 able to behave in а sensible way

ý Qui.Kly read the text. How does the woman 5 possible future effect of ап action оr information
react to the пеw information she Iearns? 6 way of finding ап апswеr Ьу imagining
7 ре[sоп who studies the Ьrаlп
the article again. Fоr questions 1-6,
'"' Read
;r,'i
choose the answer (А, В, С or D) which уоu
8 unpleasant or unwanted

think fits according to the text. Work in pairs. Read the final paragraph of the
article again. What sort of changes do you
""Ё"Ёр think wiIl hарреп?
liKjijlIlч
Rеmеmьеr that the option you choose must Ье truе
according to the text апd поt information that you think
you know {rоm your ехреriепсе.

]:

t94 l.i*l! } rl,i

I

f
I

i
l]
Аrе уоu Bnioying the пеw series 'А look at the futurе'?
The пехt рrogrаmmе is all about the Ьrаiп апd how
uпdеrstапdiпg it better mау сhапgе the wау wе do things
iп the fчtчrе, Iп this articlв, 0п8 0f the рrеsепtеrs, Trisha
Reilly, tinds оut mоrе аЬоut Ьrаiп research.
}-
l mшst admit, l know very little about the Ьrаiп - except that l kпоw
whеп miпе isn't working as well as it should ! So l went along to talk
to ап ехреrt, Dr Геliсiа Lorrimer, who is а research neuroloяist at
оur local hospital. Неr speciaIity is the teenage Ьrаiп. Му parents
tell mе that lwas difficult as а teenager, but maybe it wasn't my
fault at all, but mу Ьrаiп's! l wanted to kпоw the right questions
to ask Dr Lorrimer when l saw her. So, before оur meeting l spent
half ап hour опliпе to find out some basic in{ormation. l lеаrпt that
the brain is divided into two halves, а right and а left half, and
that each опе performs different {unctions, The left side controls
the right side of the body and sight апd the right controls the left,
which all sounded wrong and really conf using to mе.
When l got to the laboratory Dr Lоrrimеr was siiting iп frопt of
computer sсrееп with electrodes оп her head. She was testing how
реор|е сап move objects with the роwеr of their brains. She was
moving а helicopter аrоuпd оп а screen just Ьу thinking about it.
had по idea how she drd it, but it looked so straightforward l asked
if l could have а go, but l сошldп't ечеп get it started. lmagine what
opportunities this ability might give us in the future!
l then asked Dr Lorrimer why we поw know so muсh mоrе аЬоut
the brain than we used to. Apparently it's all because of MRl
sсаппiпg - that's Magnetic Resonance lmaging. This aIlows
experts to look at the live brain in action, Fоr Dr Lorrimer this
mеапs that she сап observe teenagers' Ьrаiпs and рlпроiпt which
bits of the Ьrаiп do what. Before this it was mainly яuеsswоrk
think, based оп what happened to people who had Ьrаiп injuries.
Му пехt question was аЬоut the di{ferences between young and
older brains. lt sounded quite complicated but Dr Lorrimer basically
said that frоm еаrlу childhood to the age of 12, our brains are busy
making соппесtiопs Ьеtwееп different cells. There's а lot of fast
learning going оп. This explains why we're better at picking up
foreign languages when we аrе yOung. People used to think that the
Ьrаiп didn't change after the end of childhood but now they know
that this isn't true. А lot of important developments happen duriпg
the teenage years апd the Ьrаiп isn't rеаllу completely mature uпtil
wе'rе 25 to З0!
One of the most important changes is in the development of the
front раft of оur brains. This is where high-level thinking goes 0п
- you know, making decisions, рlаппiпg, controlling оur emotions
and so оп. This part of the brain helps us do another interesting
thing - that is to think about things from other people's point of
view. We're still lеаrпiпg how to do this when wе'rе teenagers so it's
not surprtsing that people often think teenagers are selfish.
Something else l learnt from Dr Lorrimer was about brain size iп
teenagers, Tests have shown that the teenage Ьrаiп actually gets
physically bigger as we grow older and this means we get mоrе
а intelligent. Мапу people believe that usiпg the iпtеrпеt and social
networking sites сап have а negative influence оп teenage brains.
However, according to Dr Lorrimer, teenagers whо аrе always оп
l their computers often develop lаrgеr Ьrаiпs as а resultI
Experts know а huge amount about the teenage Ьrаiп поw and
this will have ап important effect оп how teenagers are treated
in the future. There аrе lots of imolications. Teaching methods
might change. There may еvеп Ье changes in the way teenagers
who commit crimes are treated. lt should сеrtаiпlу improve the way
doctors and psychologists help teenagers with social оr behavioural
problems. And it is worth rеmеmЬеriпg here that we are not опlу
talking about teenagers, but even реор|е uр to З0 years of age! As
l |'m опlу 26 myself this information соuId соmе in quite useful. The
next iime mу boyfriend complains that l don't understand him | сап
just say, 'Sorry, it's mу Ьrаiп, lt's still developing!'
l
 Жр*жffiкýшъg
ffi Пеаd the report again and choose the
Work in pairs and discuss. correct option to complete the rules.

When did you last buy something from а vending mасhiпе?

When we report а question оr а Statement We
usually сhопgе/dоп't сhапgе the tense.

Ж ffi Зý Read partof а survey interview.Whatdo When we rероrt а statement we пееd/dоп't пееd
to use rhdrаftеr he/shesaid апd he/shethought.
you think the missing words аrе? Listen and check.
When we report а question we use the pattern
osked + реrsоп + if/that.
When we report а question we do/do поr use
auxiliaries оr iпчеrsiоп.
ln reported speech we пеvеr/sоmеrimеs need to
The futurе of shopping is the vending machine. Not ones that
change pronouns and time expressions.
seil us bad coffee оr chocolate bars but upmarket ones that sell
everything frоm burgers to clothes and from iPods to beauý
pгoducts, You will ,just have to touch а sсrееп! Ж Сору and complete the table. Use the
survey and the report to help you.
What do you thiяk? i:l;',.tl,ii: ::l::: ili.: .1 ,,i.rl': Дпswеr our ýчrчsу. -'---'- -----
] ] Oirectspeech ! Reportedspeech
,,,,,.
j

ý,
Шl Ooyou likethe idea of this пеwtуре of vending machine?
Annаldontthinkmаchineslikethiswillbesuccessful.
They'll (1) time. $
all the '1. 3 Present perfect
l'--l--'-' "-,-_

,l:
ffi Hau. you ечеr used опе ofthese machines? |4lPastsimple
г ,l
;
will
ý,' i

Dave Yes, l have. There was опе at the airport whеп l wепt to }:l
is i
Canada last month. l bought some (2) .........,.......... there. .,
i

But lthought it smelt awful!

ffi Cunyouseeanydisadvantagestousingthesemachines? 1i.,

PeterYes,lcan.Therewillbenooneto(3)..'........'........toif
we don't like а product. l think the соmрапiеs аrе |ust trying
LеNffiW&ffiжтýр
to{4)...'.........'......moreаndmOremoney.Theydon1reаllу We сап use lell to introduce а reported statement
счstоmеrs.
(5) .................... aboutthe
, if we include ап object, e.g, НеtоИ пiethat he hod
enjoyed the film.

Ж*рmж*ж*$ жрж*ffiýч
ffi Report more questions and answers from
},, €&&Mý{AR RЕГЕRЕNСГ р. l 55 the survey.
Q Will you use these machines in the future?
ffi Kead the extract of а report the interviewer
Рачlа Definitely. l love the idea. lt's so
wrote about the survey. Underline the changes
convenient. I'm always forgetting important
of tense from the direct answers in Activity 2.
things when l'm travelling. lt will Ье great to have
them at airports and places Iike that.
Q Do you know апуопе who has used опе of
l asked if реорlе liked the idea of Ehe пеw machines and 3:] these machines?
the fiгst womап said that she didn't think mасhiпеs like i]ll
Frап Yes. А friend of mine bought а burger from
that would Ье successful Ьесаusе they would Ьгеаk i:],
опе iп Germany.
down all the time, l then asked if апуопе had ечег used
опе of the machines. опе mап said he had. Тhеге had Q Do you think these machines will rерlасе
normal shops?
Ьееп опе at the аiгрогt when he'd gопе to Сапаdа the
ргечiоus mопth апd he'd bought some shampoo thеге. Jonas No, l don't, because when you buy
Finally, l asked if апуопе could see апу disadvantages expensive things you sometimes пееd advice
to using the mасhiпеs and the second mап said that from sa|es people.
he could Ьесаusе thеге would Ье по опе to соmр|аiп
Il
to if people didn't like the ргоduсt, Не thought the ffi Work in pairs.Turn to ра9е 142 and
companies wеге just tгуiпg to make mоге and mоге do the activity.

Ehe сustоmегs. ý:]

}ii!i}''*'8|''"'"""""""'*ý'
gб Unit 9 гr:turе sccictv
 Which of the ideas in the article do you
find most interesting? Why?
Work in pairs. |-ook at the photo and discuss what it
tells us about the fцturе of fashion. your knowledge of tenses to
[,,!se
complete the sentences.
Read the article to check your ideas.
l didnt to do much research оп ine
but ] do now,
\4v sister _ а beautiful dress designed
fоr hеr wedding.
lwas amazed at some of the things in the
Read the article again and think ot the word which exhibition. пеvеr 5ееп а
frts each gap. Use one word in each gap. roboi betore.
4 We've to most of the techno oqy
shows iп London this уеаr.
5 lf l had enouqh mопеу, buy а new
Afteryou've chosen аword to fr 1 а 9ар, read the whole
gагпiпg systelll.
sепtепсе carefu 1yto iTake sure it гпаkеs sense and the wоrd
fits grammatica у.
6 We'lL moved house Ьу this t]me
п ext year
sometimes you mау пееd to find vocabulary
items such as parts of coliocations/phrases orphrasal r,еrDs.
 ffiр*жý*ýнтg ffi Head the report again. Match the underlined
words and phrases with alternatives 1-5.
ЖЖ Discuss how you think people wi]I spend their
free time in the future. willthe activities Ье
,|
to give а short description of
very different to those people do today? 2 whereas
3 it is а good idea to

ffi Wоrk in pairs and answer the questions. 4 on the other hand
'l What leisure activities сап peopie do iп уоur area? 5 the purpose
2 Which would you recommend and why?
ffi wbicb of the words and phrases 1-5 in
Activity 4 are
Wш"fi*ýкъg
А part of an introduction.
Rср*rt в used to give а contrast.
ръ*YкýYINý RГГГRГNСЕ р. l 67 с а recommendation,

ffi Kead the exam question and the report. Which жж

ж Change some places in the report to make
places would you like to go to?
it true for your аrеа. Compare your changes
Yоu have had а class discussion about how people with your раrtпеrЪ.
;

spend their free time in уоur аrеа. Your teacher has

поw asked you to write а rероrt for пеw students at ffi Work in pairs. Read the exam task and discuss
your college giving them somdadvice on places to what you could include.
go and activities to do.
you have had а class discussion about what leisuЁ- ]
лл{:..:з:лл _lлл,,1-1 l-_ :, -l
activities should Ье included in а social рrо9rаmmе l

fоr your langua9e colle9e. Yоur teacher has asked

lпtпоdчсtiоп you to Write а report on thiS fоr the social organlser
The aim of this герогt is to outline places to go and i lnclude suggestions fоr both cultural and sporting
activities to do that might iпtегеst пеw students in
ijctL,Vlt|eS:
the агеа,
Rеstачпапts
тhеге аге some excellent геstаuгапts in the агеа. lf
ffi МаКе notes under different headings and
then write your report. Write 140-190 words.
you wапt а meal fог а special occasion the Fогеst Рагk
Пеstаuгапt has а чегу good гапgе of food at low ргiсеs.
Аltегпаtiчеlу, if you just want to eat well and cheaply and ffiжАм тýр
chill out with уоuг fгiепds, then the Simply Вuгgег Ваг is Remember to divide уоur report into сlеаr sections and
the place to go. give each one а different heading.
Films and thеаtпе
тhеге аге two cinemas and опе thеаtге in the агеа.
The odeon cinema shows all thе latest films, while the
НагЬоuг shows old апd mоdегп classics апd mапу
fогеigп films which аге поt оftеп seen iп оuг соuпtгу,
The Мачегiсk Тhеаtге ргоduсеs plays, both аmаtеuг and
ргоfеssiопаl, thгоughоut the уеаг and оffегs геduсtiопs
to students.
Sропts
Тhеге аге sечегаl sрогts clubs in the агеа that you сап
join. Fог iпfогmаtiоп about these апd а chance to go
swimming ог wогk out in the gym, visit the НоlЬuгу Lеisuге
Сепtге оп Long Lапе.
Gonclusion
Whеthег you enjoy the агts ог would just like to keep
fit, thеге аге mапу оррогtuпitiеs in this агеа. |t is wогth
getting а weekly сору of the fгее local magazine What's оп?
to find оut mоге details of events and activities.

98 i""l;rit ý Гuiчrе sc.c]eiv

ffi Complete the sentences with the future ffi Complete the second sепtепсе using
perfect simple or future continuous form of reported speech.
the verbs in brackets. 'Have you met Seb, Emma?'asked Sапdrа.
Ву 20ЗЗ scientists (complete) а map of the Sandra asked Emma if ...............................
human Ьrаiп. Paul said,'l enjoyed rеаdiпg уоur essay, Melanie]
2 ln the пеаr future computers (Гhlпk) like us. paul told lt/elanie
....,,...,,......,............

3 lп 2040 people (соmmuпiсаtе) with Francis asked,'Do you know when the film starts, Sue?'
robots that look and act like humans. Francis asked Sue if ...............................
4 Ву 20В0 scientists (fiпф а cure fоr сапсеr. 'ls this the right way to the station?'asked Felix,
5 ln 50 years'time, countries (fghг) wars Felix wanted to know if .....,.........................

using robots instead of human soldiers. The mап said,'You're going in the wrong directionj
Ву 21 00 we (Ьесоmе) tyborgs'- half The mап told her she ..........,....................
...................... ........
human and half mасhiпе! 'Do you like mу пеw haircut, Sue?'asked Апа.
Апа asked sue if
Complete the sentences with the words in 'Has апуопе seen mу саr keys?'asked Реппу.
the Ьох. Реппу asked
ltЛаrik said,'l love your пеw hairstyle,.JulieJ
software download application lilarik told Julie
password keyboard "" virus
You shou ld n't .............................. fi ms from that site, it's ffi Гчt the reported sentences into direct speech.
1
l

against the law. susiеъ father said she had to Ье home

Never ореп ап email attachment from ап unknown before midnight.

3 lcan't get used to working with ап English 2 Nadia asked Jack if he would look after hеr cat the
- some of the letters аrе in following weekend.
difГеrепt places. ?'asked Nadia.
4 l've got а grеаt on mу phone which lets 3 Frапk told Judy he would take her to Disneyland the
me chat to my friends fоr free. next day.
5 The revised version of this......................,....... is much more ]said Frank.
efficient than the first опе.
Sidney asked ifапуопе had sееп his car keys.
6 You shouldn't use а birthday оr паmе of а pet as а
..?'asked Sidney
; it is easy fоr people to guess it.
5 Саrоl said it was going to rаiп that evening.

ffi Matcb the sentence beginnings 1-6 with Isaid Саrоl

endings А-F. 6 steve asked if he could Ьоrrоw his mum's car the
neХt day.
1 lt is rеаllу difficult to navigate
?'asked Steve.
2 lf you click оп
з l've fоrgоttеп how to attach
7 .]udith told Nllia to put оп her sun-hat,
]said ]udith.
4 Why оп earth did you choose а snake with two heads
5 Don't forget to save
8 Tamir said that they had а grеаt time the
previous evening.
6 oh по, this is the third time l've lost
Isaid Tamir
А а file to an email, Could you show me, please?
в my Connection, l wопdеr whаtЪ going on,
с уоur files оп а mеmоrу stick.
D their new website. l preferred the old one.
Е that link it will take you to the original article.
F а5 your avatar? What does that tell people about you?

РrФýrеýýТеýt 3 99
 ffi Complete the sentences with the words in the ffi Complete the text with а word that fits each
Ьох. Add prefixes and suffixes as necessary. gap. Use опlу опе word in each gap.

expected hope regular experienced

happy point formal possible ASlM0 - Honda's Humanoid Robot- is popular
it goes, Whether it iS in Disneyland, оr
honest саrе {O).e,".er,!wh,er,e...,...

conducting the Detroit Symphony orchestra, ASlM0 even

Why аrе there so mапу .....,................,....... verbs iп English? has its оwп Twitter account and has lots (1)
lt makes life so difficult for students.
followers. l have to admit (2) ... l am а great
lt's ап .............................. occasion so there is no need to
fan, too. l (3)........,,,.....,.,...... delighted Ьу the latest version
dress up.
whеп l saw it on disp|ay. Everybody clapped when it showed
The news is really . The doctors think that
uS its (4) ... recent trick of opening а bottle and
he can Ье cured.
pouring liquid into а paper cup all оп its (5),,,,.......
Не doesn't think it is ..,,..,................,...... to download music
illegally. Не thinks it's ОК. |t may (6) .., sound very difficult, but it is

lt iS ...,.......................... to read the letter, hеr handwriting is actually quite complicated. lf you think about all the different
so bad. things it has to (7) .,., it iS а giant Step forward.

LеtЪ not waste апу more time оп .....,..,..,.....,............ The most recent AS|MO is (8) ............. to walk. lt сап
arguments, we need to come tdап а9rееmепt. move quite quickly and (9)...............,.,..,.,.. run if it doesn't
Не received an ..........,...,...,........... phone calI from а friend go too fast. lt iS true that (10) .., human-looking
that he hadn't heard from fоr years.
robots that you see iп the movies are sti|l а long way off,
не failed the exam because he made some
(11)........,,..........,.... it's still an amazing machine. l'm ceftain
mistakes. Не didnt check his work.
we'll (12) ... seeing some really important
They wеrе so .......,...................... with their stay at the hotel
developments in the next few years.
that they wrote а letter of complaint to the mапаgеr.
,l0
ltЪ the gаrаgеЪ fault - they asked ап ..............,...............

apprentice to service the car.

Complete the sentences with the first

оr second conditional, using the verbs
in brackets.
1 We .................,............ (lose) weight if we took mоrе exercise.
2 He'll Ье able to catch the trаiп if he ....................,......... (/еауе)
in the next five minutes.
president l ................,..,........
lf l wеrе .. (mаkе) it ille9al to
chew gum iп public.
lthink he (forgive) you if you say what
rеаllу happened.
What would you do if you .......,................,.,.,. (йп)thе
national lottery?
If we.................,............ (rеl0 It4egan about Dаппу she
would Ье vеrу upset.
|'m sure hе.,...,............,..........,(lепф you his саmеrа if you
ask him nicely.
8 lf you met Неlеп, you (llke) her,

9 When he arrives, we ...,.....,..........., ........{order) а pizza апd

Watch а film.
,l0 (you апswеr) the phone if it rin9s?

100 ProgressTest 3
ffi Complete the second sentence with between
ffi Complete the sentences with words and
two and five words, including the word given, expressions from the Ьох.
so that it has а similar meaning to the
first sentence. whereas perhaps both show
Ехаmрlе:
kind of thing could Ье sorry,l don't know
l was given responsibility for booking gigs for оur band
seems what do you call it
|ast month.
ovER
1 The pictures ..,.,...,,... people taking exercise.

La st m о п t h l .tp.gk.
2 The younger mап .............,,... to Ье fiпdiпg it
r.p.F'с lt p.ih i!!fu. fr r,.. Ь о о k g
others,
e."..p,r, i п g ig s
hard to keep uр with the ............ the
fоr our band.
l think you should go to the doctor.
girls аrе laughing and chatting. ............. itЪ
the first time he has done this so he is finding it hard.
WERE
lf ...,................,..... lU go to the doctor.
They аrе all outside - they ............ iп а park
оr а forest.
lf lt doesn't rаiп this аftеrпооп, we'll play tennis.
RAlNs Опе of the mеп is using а ..,...................,.....,............., ?

We'll play tennis .,,............ ........ this аftеrпооп.

the word.

А professionaI photographer took their photographs. The girls аrе exercising using а huge ball. ItЪ the
HAD ..,.,......., you see at the beach,

TheY.....,..,........ Ьу а professional
ffi
.*,:,.....,...,........
photographer. Choose the correct options to complete the
informalemail.
You'll feel cold if you don't wеаr а coat.
oTHERWlsE
You d better wear а coat ....................,...... cold.
Flоrепсе caught а terrible stomach bug on holiday.
DoWN Hi Bethany.
Flоrепсе .. а terrible stomach
(l) Мапу thaпks forlIt was great to get yoшr
bug оп holiday.
Will you look after my cat while l'm away? email. I (2)аm so pleased to kпоwlwаs delighted
оF to lеаrп that уоu'rе having such an amazing trip.
Will you mу cat while l'm away? (3) Мiпd youlNevertheless, I was sоrrу to hear
you mу саr
l'll lend if you promise to fill it up afterwards.
that you are finding it difficult to sleep. (4) Мапу
PROVIDED ТНАТ
You сап you fill it up afterwards, people belieye thatlAppareпtly, the change of
Опе of mу flatmates has eaten all mу cakes. time zone affects our body clock. (5) I would
BEEN adyise уоu to sрепdlWhу dоп't уоu try sрепdiпg
All my cakes ......,...........,...:,...... ,... опе of
mоrе time outside, as natural light helps.
mу flatmates.
(6)Дlsо, how aboutlMight I also suggest putting
lavender oil on уоur wrist Ьеfоrе you go to bed.
(7) I would Ье delighted tolI'd loye ro visit you in

September. Can you tell mе which week would

Ье best?

(8) I lookforward to your reply,lHope to

hear from уоu sооп,

Lots of love

Polly

ProgressTest 3 101
 Жр*жý*ýжъg

ffi Work in pairs.There is а nationa]competition to produce posters for

festivals in your country to attract tourists. Which three festivals wочld
* уоч choose and why?

ffi*жdfiшъg
Ж;"эýtiрý* r,nat*h}*g

ffi Read the article and for questions 1-10, choose from the people (A-D).
The people mау Ье chosen more than опсе.

Which реrsоп
жж&рý Yýр
The options do not have
mentions the арреаrапсе of some of the local people? гтl--l
exactly thе same words
was рrераrеd fоr conditions at the festival? ].-тг-]
appreciated the rапgе of events and activities for аll ages? гr.г--]
t?l-'l
а5 the texts, l hey USe
paraphrases. Do not look for was impressed Ьу the magical quality of the event?
identical words to help you disagrees that something he/she saw should Ье described as art? гiт--l
choose the right answers. regrets the short time that one item made fоr the festival lasted? гd,l--l
was motivated to attend the festival Ьу а hobby? г7l-l
saw а tradition that dramatised а historical period? гъ f- ]
explains that the artistic activity has mоrе than one fuпсtiоп? гrl--l
profited financially Ьу going to the festival? п0l--l
ffi Match the underlined verbs in the article with meanings 1-8.
1 eXperjment With
2 hарреп
3 ье different frоm others
4 illuminate
5 Wеаr
6 discover
7 Want to
8 Ьесоmе liquid

1о2 LJnýt '|Ф (j]cbaI r-i.lliure

 FEsTtvALs
Some of оur readers have Ьееп to amazing festivals
жжж"жжж&Yýжж

around the world. Read about their experiences!

А жY&ýж
Last January mу friend Dougal invited me to the firе festival of Up
Helly Аа on the scottish island of shetland. It takes olace оп the last
Tuesday of the month and celebrates the island's Viking history.
очеr half the island's population is blond and of scandinavian
origin - it's like being in Norway! At around seven o'clock there
was а parade of mеп dressed as Иking fighters. Dougal's father,
Duncan, rеаllу looked Scary - completely different from the quiet,
gentle mап he really is! Each mап carried а lighted torch, which was
incredibly dramatic. We followed the procession down to the sea for
the highlight of the evening. In front of thousands of Spectators the
'fighters' threw their torches into а Иking boat that they'd built. It
was а fantastic sight, but what а shame to see all of their hаrd work D ýжжжý
disappear in а couple of minutes! i .
New York is the hоmе of hiphop, and I was there, Ьу сhапсе, at
the same time as the ВrооНуп HipHop Festival, I'm а big fan of
в ýYжýýж hiphop, and I thought it would Ье а gтeat opportunity to find out
Ididn't know the mеапiпg of the word 'cold' until I went to the Наrьiп mоrе about it. The festiva] includes demonstrations of rар, break
Ice апd Snow Festival in Northeast China. Luckily, I had brought dancing, and graffiti writing. Тhеrе wеrе some extraordinary
some reallywarm clothes and whеп I was there I bought опе of those examples of break dancing. Those guys are so agile! I also tried out
fur hats that cover your ears. The festival starts at the beginning of graffiti Writing, at а Workshop, It was fuп but in mу opinion it's а
January and lasts about а month. We saw sculptors cutting blocks of bit of ап exaggeration to call it art. Hip-hop has its оwп dress code,
ice from the river for their marvellous creations. I couldn't believe too, and I guess stood out а bit! But ечеrуопе was really friendly
I
how big they wеrе. Some of the sculptures wеrе full-sized buildings and l learnt loads. The festival also tries to tell people about the
and ships that you could walk аrоuпd - real works of art. When they beliefs that lie behind the music апd the lyrics. There were а lot
аrе lit uo with lights and lasers it's like something out of а fairy tale. of discussions about the role oI hip-hop in politics and in Ьriпgiпg
The children there loved it. Sadly, the exhibits gradually melt away communities together. This was all fascinating апd I'm very glad I

at the епd of FеЬruаrу, which is natural, I suppose. While we wеrе went aIong.
at the festival some of our group tried their climbing skills оп the
Festival's ice-wall. I didn't feel like breaking а leg so I stayed on the
ground and just took photos!
Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the under]ined verbs iп the article. Then
с жýжж&ж change them so that they are true for you.
As а kееп photographer I had always wanted to go to the annual 1 NЛу favourite celebration оп ] 4 FеЬruаrу!
International Hot-air Balloon Festival in the Swiss alpine town of 2 l really don't like to .....,,..,.........,....,.. from other peopIe and
Chateau d'Oex. The first festival took place in 1979, and since then it attract attentio1.
has grown into an international event. Тhеrе is по lovelier sight than 3 This afternoon l ,.................,.......... goin9 to the сiпеmа but
dozens of brightly coloured hot-air balloons floating through the sý now l don't.
and the weather was absolutely perfect for it. As well as поrmаl- l а new wi-fi dance pad yesterday but it
..............,,.............
shaped balloons there wеrе some that looked Iike cows, boats and WaSn't Vеrу good.
ечеп mountain chalets! There were also displays of parachuting 5 l haven't anything glamorous fоr ages.
and acrobatic flying. А really nice feature of the festival is children's
6 The best firеwоrks display l've seen that
day, where kids and their parents сап put оп fancy dress and join
the sky was last NеwYеаrЪ Eve.
а parade. Му eight-year-old daughter Samantha even dared to go
чр оп а short balloon trip. I took some brilliant photographs and
managed to sell some of them to а magazine, which helped cover
ffi Work in pairs. Which festival described iп the
article would you prefer to go to and why?
some of оur expenses.

Unit 10 C,iobal crlitl:K. 10з

 ýреаkýпg
ffi Work in pairs and discuss. What are the most
popular quiz programmes in your country?
I{hafs the day of the уеаr when the English
Answer the quiz and compare уочr answers in have а fuework parý?
pairs. Then turn to page 140 to check. А 1 Мау В 4July G SNovember

Relative рil-OпоLýпý and whays the паmе of the writer who created the
chaTacter of Harry Potter?
rеýаtiче с!ашsеs А JRRTolkien В CSLewis G JKRowling
> GRАмМАR RЕГЕRЕNСЕ p l56
What's the name of the mчsечm where you сап
see the Mona Lisa?
ffi look at the underlined relative pronouns in
А the Louvre В the Uffizzi G the Prado
the quiz. Which one(s) refer to
а thing?
what's the паmе of the uk arts festival that
1

2 а person? takes рlасе in August every year?

3 а place? А the Newcastle Festival В the Belfast Festival
4 possession? G the Edinburgh Festival
5 а time? ч,
What's the паmе of the ship which sank on
15 April 1912, апd which has Ьееп the subject
ffi Пеаd the extract from а guidebook. What sort
of mапу films?
of events сап уоч see there?
А Santa Маriа В Titanic с Black Pearl

What's the паmе of the writer whose play has

Ьееп running in London {or over 60 years?
А DH Lawrence В AgathaChristie
G William Shakespeare

i*hý.(ЁLýAffiý,TlP ,],,'

We]always аdd,соm,Йаs when we have а поп-dеfiпiпg

relative clause.

Combine the sentences using either defining

or non-defining relative clauses.
Fеrпапdо Botero is famous for his figurative аrt. Не was
ьоrп iп colombia.
At the age of 2 Fеrпапdо went to а school for
'l

matadors. Не stayed there fоr two уеаrs.

ffi Пеаd the definitions below and decide if the
underlined exampIes of relative clauses in the
text are defining (D) or non-definin9 (ND).
1 А non-defining relative clause gives ехtrа
information about the main clause.
2 А defining relative clause gives iпfоrmаtiоп that is
necessary to identifl/ оr define the поuп.
lп 'l 94В Fеrпапdо produced some illustrations for а
newspaper.These made him some mопеу.
4 Не went to iVadrid. Не studied at the art academy.
5 His paintings often show very large people. Botero calls
them his'fat peoplel
His paintings are vеrу popular today.They cost millions
of dolIars.
ffi Turn to ра9е 142 and do the activity.

104 l"'r,it 10 Globa] cu]tute

Жрmжfufiжчg ffi Change partners and compare уочr decisions.
f,**lir lопгоt;л_/ё
\--L; j tdL.r\J! f }г l/
r.1( i Yt.' Lr.[)r\
Ask and answer questions like this.
Which activity did you go for?
ýý WorK in pairs. Read the task and have
What made you choose ,,.?
the conversation.
Why didn't you choose/|ike the idea of .. . ?
Yоur teacher is going to organise ап end-of-term How easy was ;t to a9ree?
celebration fоr the class. Неrе are some оf her
suggestions fоr the сеlеЬrаtiоп.
Discussloll: glvirlg CIpiniOný
Talk toeach other about why these activities might or
might поt Ье а good way to celebrate the end iýý Read the exam questions 1-3. Тhеп read
of term. the answer below. Which question is the
Now decide which activity would Ье most popular candidate answering?
i with the class
i,,.-__-___._..,,. . " .,_.. *,.. .,._
Do you think it's а good idea to have а 9roup actlvity at
the beginning of а new class оr course? Why?
Do you think it's better to 9о to an exhibition or а
cultural event Ьу yourself оr wlth other people? Why?
What cultural events iп your аrеа would you
recommend to а visiting grоuр of students? Why?
'lrhinkthjsis dеfiпitеlу а qood idea.lt сап help people get
kпоw each other weil апd thеп they dоп't feel so shy iп
to
the closs. Fоr iпstапсе, l rеmеmьеr whеп l did о Gеrmап
course iп Мчпiсh. Дt the епd of the first week, еvеrуопе
wепt ап а walktng taur of the city. lt was а паturаl way of
getting ro know each other опd we also got to kпоw а bit
obout where we wеrе living.'

ffi Underline the parts of the answer where

the candidate
1 gives ап example of their experience
2 gives а reason for ап орiпiоп.
3 gives an opinion.

i,ý* Сору and complete the tabIe with the phrases

in the Ьох.

How do уоu feel about ...?

Опсе, l ...
ТhаtЪ because ...
The reason l say that is ...
I feel strongly that ...
Don't you think that ...?
Fоr me, ... When l was ...

-'"-"..''''.-'.*..*.'--
Give an , Ask for ап
Give а ' Give an
opinion l1easo,n

]iiii
]opinj9l ]:"зпр]L___

ýý Work in pairs. Ask and answer the other

questions in Activity 3.

ffiжер* Yýр
your раrtпеr has finished answering а question and you
lf
have something to Say, you can add уоur opinion.

l,jrtit "}* i li,1llal ;l_::,lir 105

l
 You hear а mап talking about а package holiday he
Sр*жý*ýrъg and his wife took. What did they enjoy doing most?

ffi Wbat would you include in а tourist leaflet for А rеlахiпg in the rеsогt
tourists visiting your area? Think аЬочt these В Visiting places of interest
things. Тhеп tell your partner. С doing the on-site activities

sightseeing attractions
museums and galleries
localtraditions
beautiful countryside You hеаr а man talking about а place of natural beauty.
What surprised the mап?
festivals local food
А the stories told about it
В the dramatic арреаrапсе of the rocks

Lýж**жЁыtg С the number of visitors it gets

You hear а tour guide talking about the Charles Bridge
}ýultýрý* сhgiсе: s}зоr* *хtгаýýý in Prague. What does she do to interest tourists?

Ж W Зб Listen to people talking in eight А focus оп unusual details

situations. Fоr questions 1-8, choose the В talk about how the bridge WaS constructed
answer, А, В or С. С describe how the old kings used to live
You hear а Ьоу and а girl ta|king about а competition.
жж&ж TlP What happened while the girl was watching?
Do not Ье tempted to choose ап апswеr because you А а member of the public was injured
hear а similar word оr раrарhrаsе of words you read in В one оf the competitors was iпjurеd
the options, Mlake sure that you choogi the option which С the girl was embarrassed
accurately anSWerS the qUestion,
You hеаr а wоmап talking about hеr visit to San
lп t$зе схаr:ч the listening extracts wilt all Ье оп Frапсisсо. What does she rеmеmЬеr most about the trip?
different topics.
А the graffiti everywhere
'l You hear two friends discussing а rеmаkе (new В the Golden Gate Bridge
version) of а film they have both seen. What do they С the N/ission Quarter
а9rее on about the film? You hеаr а wоmап talking about her trip to а festival in
А The previous version was better. Canada. What was her mаiп rеаsоп for the trip?
В The film was very emotional. А to get work
С The acting was not чеrу good. в to watch different acts
2 Yоu hеаr а wоmап talking about а favourite dish. How с to discover new talent
did it get its паmе?
А lts ingredients were а big secret, ffi Matcb the adjectives from the recordings 1-6
В lt was invented Ьу а mеmЬеr of the rоуаl family. with meanings А-F.
с lt had ап unusual effect оп someone. 1 оrigiпаI А exceptionally 9ood
2 familiar в first
3 taSty с without рUrроSе, StUpid
4 oUtstanding D at а Sharp апglе
5 steep Е well-known and recognisable
6 mindless F delicious

ýp*aý<ýrrg
ffi Discuss the questions in groups.
] lsthеrе а legend iп your country about ап unusual
natural site?
lmagine you could paint а murаl in your town or city.
What would you put in it?
Which part of your аrеа would make а good location
fоr а film? Why?

106 Unit 'lý G!o[.,,al c_r:iir:re

ffiр*жý*ýжжg
ffi Complete the sentences Ьу adding the correct
ending -er, -or| -jsf or -iап to the words in the Ьох.
ffi Work in pairs. What сап you learn about
Сап you think of three more jobs in the arts?
another country from these things?

food literature television programmes

noveI music paint compose
dance conduct
music fashion

l'm а ................. and l рlау the guitar in а band. l can

Ж W ý7 Listen to someone talking about
another country. Does he mention your
ideas? Which topic from Activity 1 does he
NOTtalkabout?
also play the violin, but that's less useful in the band!
|'m а .......,...,...,.. with а youth orchestra. They do not
always concentrate well or listen to me but it's fun!
з N/y favourite .......... is lVlozart. Who's yours?
4 l love the books Ьу the ..,...,.............. Charles Dickens.

ffi Listen again and апswеr the questions.
'l What is surprising about tea drinking?
2 Why does he admire Shakespeare?
3 What does British TV tell us today?
They tell us so much about London at that time.
5 l wanted to Ье а classical ballet................ but l grеw
too tall when l was about ] б so l had to give up.
6 l'd like to have met the ....... .. Vincent van Goqh

- l bet he was ап interesting person!

&ж-*ж жжýd ж**ý*жже*
ri.
Read the magazine article and say whose
job you would most or least like to have
and why. Тhеп choose the correct words
to complete the article.
ffi Work in pairs. lmagine you have опе of the jobs
from this ра9е. Tell your partner about your work
without saying the name of the job.Your partner
must guess the job.
Work in pairs.Turn to ра9е 142 and do the activity.

I started s/riting at an eally age and so

fаr l've written 15 detective (5) poems/
пouels. I get my (6) рlоtфеgепds frоm
little news items I rеаd about оr hear
about on TV. Т plan my novels quite
carefully but starting that flrst(7> editioп/
cbapteris always hаrd, The blank, white
page on the соmрutеr is hоrriЬlе! Once
I've started and the (8) cbaracters/
beroes start developing, I'm fine.

I'm а trainee chef and food is mу
passion! I 1оче fo]lowing (1) recipes/
receipts and putting all the lngredients
together to ploduce mouth-watering
(2) plates/dbbes fоt mу customers!
I'm happy preparing any type оf food
from vegan to fusion. lйhat I iove
best is the (3) sbotoiпg/preseпtatioп,
which can make оr break а dish.
don't particulariy enjoy the vegetable
preparation - tlre cutting, chopping
алd (4) sliсiпg/sрriпkllиg. But soon,
I'11 have someone else to do that
fоr me!
They say that most actors suffеr frоm
пеrчеs and that's certainly true fоr me!
As soon as the (9) sЬоzа/сurtаiп stапs 1
get nelvous. But I think that makes you
give а better реrfотmапсеI Араrt frоm
that, acting is а great profession. I enjoy
the whole pIocess frоm the first (1О)
test/auditioп thTough the (11) lessoпs/
I rehearsals to the first night, I lоче it all.
Learning lines gets mоrе diГficult as you
get older but I wouldn't swap one
moment on the stage fоr any other job!
Getting the (12) booh/script fоr а new
play is one оГ the moments I liче Гоr.

l"}*it tr* Glci;;i illlure 1о7

 ffiр*жý*frвъg
ffi Work in раirs.WhаtЪ the most interesting
restaurant you have ever eaten in?
ffi
" пеаd about an unusual restaurant and
decide if you would like to 9о there. What
соч]d possibly 9о wrоп9 with your meaI
and the service?
*1ý Wbat do we need to put before 1-8 in
Activity 3: the indefinite article (а/ап),thе
definite article (the)or по article (-)?
*-dhNffiш&ffiffi ?ёр
We use rhе with nouns where thеrе is only опе, e.g. TJ;,*
5uл. We also use lhe with some place names, e.g. tf:t*
LJnited Stotes, гft* Alps апd other mountain ranges, tjтс:
Thomes апd other rivers. Note down names of piaces that
need rhе when you see them.

Haiime's robot restaurant Read the text about fugu апd answer the
Fооd is ап imрогtапt раrt of our lives. lVost of us like eating queStions.
out and mоrе and mоrе restaurants аrе trying to tempt us
Why is it dangerous?
,|

with the offer of а different type of ехреriепсе, Perhaps

one of the most interesting ехреriепсеs сап Ье found in а 2 Why do you think people enjoy eating lt?
restaurant in Thailand. Evefihing is high{ech. The meal
is served Ьу а robot! Later while you are eating the robot
enterlains you with clever dance moves! The food is pretty
amazing, tool Definitely wodh а visit if you're iп Вапgkоk. Fооd to die for!
Would you risk уоur
life to eat something
rеаllу delicious?
tr/any people do
in (1)...,...........
Japan every dayl
Apparently fugu is
опе of (2)
most delicious fish
dishes that you can ечеr eat. The downside is that if it's
not prepared very саrеfullу, it can kill you! lt contains
(3) ..., , . very strong poison! (4) . ..,...,.... рагt of the

fish that contains (5) .,..'....... poison must Ье taken out

before it is cooked and only а few Japanese chefs have
&г*ýжЖ*ъж а licence to do this. l don't think l'm Ьrаче enough to risk
it. l would Ье waiting anxiously for (6)....,....,.,,.. hours
ý ý&&,ý'ýуý,&ж R[Г]:ilЁ}.iСI р, l 57
afterwards to see if it would affect mе, Not (7)
ffi Гiпа underIined examples in Activity 2 to best way to spend ап evening iп (8) . .., .. .....,,. . expensive
match descriptions 1 -8. restaurant, is it?
а single countable noun used fоr the first time
Ii
Example: а robot
2 ап abstract оr uncountable noun used 9епеrаllу
ffi CompIete thetextwith a/an,theor no article (-).
з а single countable поuп we have used before
4 the name of а country ýý Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
5 а single countable noun that is defined Ьу а phrase ,l
Wou d you like to try'fugu'?
оr clause 2 What specialities in your country would forei9ners find
6 plural countable nouns rаthеr Stran9e to eat?
7 а superlative
8 ап abstract оr uncountable noun that is specific,
Work in pairs.Turn to ра9е 'l4'l and do
оr defined the activity.

108 l,j*it 'iý {:ilNel r_,,;illr;:

W*gmfuьвflжгу
сgýlsсаti*r"ls: dg and r,ззg&е

Ж Сору and complete the table with the

words in the Ьох. Тhеп compare your
answers with а partner.

afiistal€ someone а favour money

trouble the cooking
an excuse чr drаrпа rероrtеr has Ьёеп
an experiment а а noise wish hearing about those things that
your homework the most of а situation actors often keep to themselves!
а test your best It takes many months to rehearse
а рlау, ореrа оr ballet so that
г"-* the реrfоrmапсе is perfect fоr
iDo the (0) ....... яr.dirпг.s...... on the
l
l
l
night. But as any реrfоrmеr will
L_ (1) you thеrе аrе
"....................,...
mапу things that can and do go

ffi Complete the sentences with the correct wrong without anyone (2) ...............,......... about them.
form of the collocations in Activity 1. One асtоr described the time that hеr dress,got caught
on the dооrfrаmе just as she was going on stage. She
l need to Ье quiet when l'm*ллоrkiпg. lf someone is
couldn't move without pulling the scenery down so she
, l have to mоvе to а different rооm!
had to do the (3)..... scene from the dooмayl
The weather was tеrriЬlе оп оur trip to London (4)......................... time she was given а love letter to read on
but we had to ............,. of the opportunity stage every night but as а joke hеr'1очег'iп the play wrote а
and we saw as many slghts as possible, funny роеm fоr each реrfоrmалсе to try to (5).... .. .. ..........
l forgot to do the essay so l ...................,....,... and told hel laugh! There is a wonderfut story about а very 1аrgе
the teacher lu been ill! opera]singer who was playing the (б).....,.......,..,........ of the
Can you and саrrу these books for tragic hcroine iп Tosca, Lhe famous ореrа. On thе first night
me? l've hurt mу аrm. the stage hands forgot to put mаttrёsssý bhind the castle to
soften the actгess's fall when she jumped to hеr death fгоm
The exam was awful but l .....................,...,..., and l
the top. So when the singer disappeaied, iastead]of а hОlцifiеd
hope l've got 50 percent. qilence there was а loud сrаsh, followed Ьу hеr cries of pain!
l .............................. when l cut mу birthday cake but l
(?t...................;,.... her bruises the Ьтаче singer carried on
didnt tell апуопе what it was because l want it to the next night, Thiý time, the stage hands had put down so
come true! mапу mattresses that they сrеаtеd а kind of trampoline. То
(8) ............. ;.....,...,.. amazement, ths'dead' hеюiпе bounced up
ffi Turn to page 142 and do the activity. above the sсепсrу of the castle walls, notjust oncq but thrее
times. What а great stоrу!

Wж* ш# Жжgýýжýre
gхе
0 А опlооkеrs В spectators с audience D viewers
u|e}pýc-choýce
Г,ý сý
1 Asay Brelate С паrrаtе D tell

ffi Пеаd the article. How many stories 2 Aseeing Bknowing С discussing D finding
are mentioned? З Awhole Btotal Call D each
4 ADifferent BAnother С Alternative D Next
ffi Пеаd the article again. Fоr questions 5 Ado Bget с make let
1-8 decide which answer (А, В, С or D) с part
6 Abit Вреrsоп D section
fits each gap. There is ап example at the
7 AHowever BAlthough с Apart D Despite
beginning (0).
8 АечеrуопеЪ ВапуопеЪ с someone's D no one's

жжер* ý"ýр
Which story do you think is the funniest? Why? Tell
Iilake sure trlat your chojce fits ýrammaticaijy with your partner about а fчппу performance you have
the words which follow а 9ар. seen оп the stage.
ýrз the *каrуз the text will Ье about 2оо words.

Unit "l0 G|о[lаl cuitul,J 109

 ýреаkýшхg
ffi Work in pairs. Look at the photograph д плдGIсдL MIDsUMlиERl
and answer the questions. Ilove traveiling алd I was really lucý to Ье in

What sort of event do you think they Sweden on holiday at the time of the Swedish
аrе celebrating? Midsummer Festiva]. Му Swedish friends made
srrre that I got involvedl
lп which country do you think the photo
was taken? Iп Sweden, the Midsummer Festiva] is nearly as

Аrе thеrе events like this in your country? imроrtапt as Christmas, It takes рlасе on оr пеаr
the longest day of the year, usually the Safurday
between 19th and 26thJune
Wш"ý*ýнъg
The Festival is а fi.rn-packed day with Iots of siпф
&rtiЕýе dancing and eating! Опе song is about а frog апd

ffi Пеаd the exam task and tick which of the dалсеrs actually act out the frog's dance, tool
Then there is а big trаФtiопа.l mеа] with different
the things 1-8 you think you should
do when writing the article. sorts of fish, пеw potatoes and frеsh strawberries

i*-**--*--***-- -уum|
I
You have seen this аппоuпсеmепt iп ап ДI festivals and traфtions have ал orig-inal purpose
magazine.
i

] international i
алd people used to celebrate the Midsummer
Festivals!
Гestiva] to ask паturе for а good harvest.Yormg фrls
Have you been to ап interestinglЪstival iп
also put flowers r,rnder their pi]lows at night so that
your соuпtrу or another country?TelI us
they wi11 drеаm of their future husbands.
all about it. We'll publish the best articles
next month. Ihad а gTeat time. I wore flowers iп my haa and I
Write your article. danced and sang and ate а lot. Unfortunately I was
so taed I didn1 dream of anything - certairrty not
,I
use ап informal style my fufirre husband|
2 start with ап interesting title оr first sentence
to interest the reader
go into detail about the history оf the event
and exactly what happens on the day
Wшсжhжýжк-у
4 write as mапу paragraphs as possible
atýitLýde аdчеrьs
5 rеfеr to your оwп reactions
6 make sure уоur paragraphs lead on logically
frоm each оthеr
ffi look at the example and notice how the sentence
starts with an adverb. lmagine what the writer could
7 include something amusing say to finish these sentences.
8 use а lot of lопg, соmрlех sentences Unfortunately, l was so tired l didn't dream of апуthiпg - сеrtаiпlу
поt mу future husband!
ж Read the article and check уочr ideas 'l Luckily,
from Activity 2.
2 Strangely
З Personally
ffi Пеаd the article again and say which
4
paragraphs tell us about Surprisingly,.........................

1 the origins of the festival.

5 Fortunately,.,............,..,....

2 the writеrЪ participation and rеасtiоп.

ffi look at the task in Activity 2 again and make notes for
3 the rеаsоп fоr writing апd the паmе апd your own article. Then write your article.
place of the festival.
4 а summаrу of the activities, ffiжлhfr4 TfiP
5 about the popularity of the festival and
IMake sure уош article is inter:esting fбr the reader" and that it
when itъ celebrated.
fo]lows а logical: оidеr.

110 Unit 18 Global clilurc

 ffi Choose the correct relative рrопочп to ffi Complete the sentences with the correct form
com,plete the article. of the words in the Ьох.

почеl music paint compoSe

dance conduct
Bird's nest soup Не wanted to Ье а ballet .........,.,................. before he
The food (|'1 wholthatlwhere we eal says а lot about the people injured his knee,
(2) whichlwhoselwho eat it and the culture of the country не is the who has led ап orchestra with
(3) wheпlwherelthat it is found. One of the most unusual dishes in international members.
the world is bird's nest soup. The thing I noticed (4) thatlwheпlwhich
she is а famous with mоrе than З0
I tried it fоr the first time was its sweet taste. This is frоm the bird's detective stories to hеr паmе.
saliva*, (5) whеrеlwhоlийlсй it uses to make its nest. Веfоrе it сап Ье
The ........,..,...........,.... of а fiImЪ music has to wоrk closely
used to make soup, the chef геmочеs the feathers (6) wherelthatlwho
with the director.
аrе stuck to it. It has Ьесоmе hаrdеr and hаrdеr to find these nests
They аrе both artists, the mother is а portrait
so gаthеrеrs have to get them frоm countries (7) wholthatlwhere they
while the sоп creates cartoons.
аrе still available. The people {8) thatlwholwhose job it is to collect
the nests often risk thеiг lives to get them as the nests аrе found in
She is а marvellous who сап р|ау some
rеаllу diffi cult pieces.
high places that аrе difficult to rеасh. *_ .
* saliva = the liquid that is produced Ьу the mouth
Complete the article with а/оп, the or
по article (-).

ffi Complete the sentences with the words in the

Mongolial5
Ьох.

script hero poem museum dish

chapter plot recipe legend character

Ап ancient says that the hills were created жжdffiffiryý fжжtýчrmý

Ьу а раir of giants.
l had always wanted to visit (1) ..........,.....,.... Mongolia,
This is delicious. You must give me the ,............................ so
and two уеаrs ago mу dream came true. l stayed with
l сап make it аt home.
(2) ..................... family of nomads in their уuгt, which is
The story had the most ridiculous ............................. you сап (3) .....,............... traditional type of tent. (4)
imagine, but l still enjoyed it.
family were very hospitable and l joined in their everyday life.
Reading а ............................. or two of а 9ood book always l was there for (5) .......... аппчаl festival called
helps me get to sleep, (6).,.................,. folk music and
Nadaam where there is
The main who gives hеr паmе to thе dancing, as well as traditional sрогtiпg competitions. These
novel, is а young wоmап who goes to work as а include (7) ...................., horse racing апd Mongolian
governess in а family with а terribIe secret.
wrestling. Fоr me, (S) ..,.,................ highlight of
lt is ап ideal fоr the winter. lt is made of (9)..,....,......,...... festival was (10) horse races.
beans and different kinds of meat in а rich sauce. (11)..........,.,.,...... Mongolian people have been expert horse
As fаr as l am сопсеrпеd, а good should riders since (12) ...,.,,...,........., time of
rhyme at the end of the lines. Cenghis Khan who ruled in (1З).,....,.,............ thirteenth
The person who wrote the ... ...........,............. fоr the film did century. Horses are still (14) imроrtапt раrt
а very good job. of (15) Mongolian cu|ture. Апуwау,
Не refuses to go anywhere пеаr а ........................ .... His (16) .....,.,,............ most exciting race is а 24-kilometre cross-
parents made him visit too mапу when he was а child. country rасе. Jockeys are children as уоuпg as five years oldI
10 The ............,...,...,........ of the novel is an оrрhап who lives (17) ..............,.,..., first riders arrive after half ап hour but it
with his strict sister and hеr kind husband, а blacksmith takes up to (18) hour for еvеryопе
called _Joe. to finish.

&.!rrit 10 Global culture 1 1 1

#жж
жж
жж

Жр*жý*ýжg
ffi Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
'l What is most important when you buy something new?

the way it looks how well it works the price

2 Do you think пеw things аrе always better than old ones? Why/Why not?

L-*ж**къ&жg
ýýuýtipý* ýret{ýrý*ý

ЖЖ ф ýffi You will hear five people taIking аЬочt different aspects of
*""-
style. Which speaker
А talks about а type ofTV programme?
в is looking at а раir of sunglasses?
с talks about а new version of an old саr?
D is а fan of video games?
Е had fun at а party?

жжем тfrр
This part оГthе exam may
focus оп opinions and
feeIings, so listen for people's
attitude to What they аrе
talking about.
ffi listen again. Decide from the list (А-F) how each speaker feels. There
are three extra letters which you do not need to use.
А disappointed with something he/she had been waiting for
в impressed Ьу the improvements made
Speaker l Г-l
с confused
Speaker 2 f1
Ьу the changes to something
disapproving of реорlеЪ interest in something
Speaker З Г-l
D
confident that he/she can Ье successful
Sреаkеr 4 Г-l
Е
t excited Ьу а new opportunity
Sреаkеr5 Г__l
G anqry that people exploit consumers
н sad that people today don't enjoy life as much as in the past

112 ýtyie апd dеsigлз

-_".Е
 Match the phrases in bold from the recording
iп 1-6 with meanings А-F.
l know уоu'rе рrоЬаЬlу quite happy with them because ,,-l Sam94
they look like the real thing,
lt is hard to believe some of the things they do just to I suppose I like to Ье fashionable
get noticed.
but I'm not obsessive about it.
the way it has kept the fun of the оrigiпаl while
l like
bringing it entirely up-to-date.
I'm quite happy to buy classic
But апуwау, as l was saying, this опе l saw was actually styles that don't go out of fashion
quite good. so quickly. Тhеу mау cost а
5 Itzlaybe it takes them back to when they wеrе youn9. mоrе but they're worth it.
6 Опсе upon а time, it was the height of fashion. Му brother is чеrу fashion-
А making something mоdеrп conscious and he adores
в something that iS not artificial designer clothes. Не
с rеmiпds people of spends all his part-
D very fashionable time waýes on big-
Е itЪ rеаllу surprising паmе designers
F to go back to my point like Jean Paul
9
Gaultier and so
VшсаЬчlаrу on! I'm not too worried
{аshiоrэ and design: ýdjec*iye srdеr whether mу clothes
are яenuine stella
ffi Work in pairs. Look at the photos and describe
them in as much detailas possible. McCartney or not! Most
high-street shops sell
ffi Complete the table with the words in the Ьох. copies and I think they
ve+fet Ьа99у flowery fur cotton look good.
fitted leather spotted loose checked
ti9ht plain silk short-sleeved striped

Маtёriаl Pattern Shape ffi Kead the comment and find words and
phrases to match meanings 1-6 below.
velvet
Ехоmрlе: reol = gепuiпе
1 traditional
2 trendy
3 become unfashionable,old-fashioned
4 imitation, поt original, fake
5 аwаrе of what is trendy
6 cIothes with fashion-house labels

ffi Work in pairs.Tellyour partner аЬочt something ffi Work iп pairs and discuss. ls it important
for you to Ье fashionable? WhуД/hу not?
1 you have bought rесепtlу.
2 you haven't worn for а lопg time. 1 What kind of clothes do you enjoy wearing?

3 you bought а lопg time а9о but still wear. 2 Do you prefer to buy genuine designer clothes
or are you happy to wear сhеареr fakes?
4 you bought that was а real bargain.
Do you think you need to spend а lot of mопеу
5 you bought that was far too expensive.
to look trendy?
6 sоmеопе bought fоr you but you will never wear

l"tnit 'l 1 Style and tjesign 113

 Lf;s*еmýжg ffi Complete the rules.
То show certainty оr possibility in the present we
Ж ffi 3S Markand Karine are in а mчsечm that has
сап use must/can't/might +,.........,...,
an exhibition of fashion through the ages. Look at
То show certainty оr possibility in the past we
the picture and listen to their conversation. Tick the
сап use must/can't/might + ....,...,........,...,........ +
items they talk about.
past participle.

hairstyles shoes face skirt

dress jewellery LАFdýь*АGЕ TlP
When iaying that something is possible we сап use

Ж l, it more important to wear comfortable clothes or could or mсу instead of might,e.g, IhоrсоrяJd Ье а
Hollywood film star, She rczву hаvеwоп ап Oscor but
to look fashionable?
l'm поt sure,

Мmdаýs шf ршжжfrfuf;ýý*у еffid

Ж ffi 4s Listen and notice the
**r*ж&шt*у pronunciation of the underlined words.
Тhеп listen and repeat.
> GRAMMAR Rii:il:i j(.i: р l5:
Wоmеп must have had problems breathing.
,I

ffi Пеаd the dialogue and match the underlined
examples 1-6 with phrases А-F.
Present
А |'m sure itЪ true.
в ltЪ possible that it'S true.
с |'m sure it isn't true.
MaTk I don't know how you
can walk in those shoes,
they (1) can't Ье чеrу
соmfоrtаЬlе. They
(2) must hurt after а
while.
Каriпе No, thеу'rе fine. Let's
go round the exhibition.
Маrk Look at that picture,
the one with the rеаllу
whiteface-Ithink
I гесоgпisе hеr.
Past
D l'm sure it was true.
Е ltЪ possible it was true.
F l'm sure it wasn't true,
2 lt can't have been easy to walk.
3 lt might have poisoned thousands of people.
ffi look at the dialogues and complete ВЪ
responses with the correct modal verb.
1 А l haven't seen Jenny today. She was sneez!ng
yesterday iп class.
в She ............................... ill.
2л I'm sure Luke didn't take the mопеу because
he was at school when it disappeared.
в You're right. Luke ,,..,...,...... ... ......... the money.
зА l'm sure it wasn't kate who sent me the
Valentine's card. She's going out with ltlike.
в No, it .................,............. her who sent you
the card.
4А |'m positivesomeone saw the rоЬЬеrу. The
police shou ld ask for witnesses.
в Someone . the rоЬЬеrу,

Каriпе That (3) might Ье 5А possible that l put your book iп my bag
It's
have а look.
Queen Elizabeth I,
don't you think? в You .. ..............,...,...,. my book iп your bag.
Маrk I think уоu'rе right. Неrе it says that the white бА These jeans аrе too tight now. l'm sure l'че
make-up they put on their faces was very dangerous. put on weight.
The makers used to put lead in it! They're not certain
В l think you're right. You
but it (4) might hаче poisoned thousands of people.
оп weiqht.
Karine НоrriЬlе! And hеr dress - itЪ so tight. Women
(5) must hаче had рrоЬlеms breathing, оr еyеп
sitting down. ffi Work in pairs.Turn to page 143 and do
the activity.
Маrk What do уоu think about those guys'outfits?
Karine Pretty cool! I'm not so sure about the shoes, though.
They (б) can't have been easy to walk in! And look at
their hair. It must hаче taken ages to get it like that!
MaTk And messy! Think of all that grease!

114 Unit 'l 1 Style апС dcsigll

ýрекkýmg LJse mf Нпgý*sh
ffi Work in pairs and discuss wоrd fсзrmаtiоп
the questions.
ffi Пеаd the article about realityTV shows. What is the writеrЪ
What are the most popular realityTV opinion of these shows?
shows in уоUr country?
Why do you think people like them
so much?

Yш*аhпхf,аrу o]I1
,ryсзrd buýlding APPEAR
ln recent years the (О) ,sрrнrяпgе...,... of realityTV shows
has caused а rеаl change in people's viewing habits. Most
ffi Work in pairs. How mапу
people reqularly watch mоrе than one, from talent shows
different words can you make
from real? fоr singers оr dancers, to shows which test реорlеЪ
(1).......................,....... in difficult SitUationS. one thing that is ENDURE

ffi Лаа one of the endings in the common to most of these рrо9rаmmеs is that опе
Ьох to each group of words (2)....,....,..............,...... is eliminated every week. lп а typical coNTEST
to make them adjectives or ta|ent (3)... . ... the реrfоrmапсе of each candidate сомрЕтЕ
почпs. You may need to make is carefully judged and any sign of (4)..,,.....,,......,....,.... ,.. is WEAK
some spelling changes Ъаfоr" criticised.The final (5) is often made not Ьу DEclDE
adding the endings. the judges but Ьу the ТV audience. Весаusе of this some

-апсе -lon -у -ive feel that the whole process puts too much pressure оп

-ness -ity -ant -tф
апgеr health thirst
(adjectives) Ехоmрlе: апgrу
participate assist inhabit
(nouns - people)
3 active stupid personal (nouns)
4 rесоvеr deliver Ьrаче (nouns)
5 correct investigate eliminate
(nouns)
ехрепsе imagination description
(adjectives)
7 happy sweet sad (nouns)
8 accept реrfоrm important
реорlе and is very cruel. However, these
(6)............................... sENsE
proqrammes have resulted iп the (7)....,,,......,,....,.,...,,.... of DlScovER
5оmе very talented people. Viewers are so fascinated Ьу
these oroorammes that it is unlikelv their (8) PoPULAR
will decrease in the пеаr future.
ffi Kead the text аgаiп. Fоr questions 1-18 use the word given
in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form а word
that fits in the gap in the same line.
(nouns)

ж
р]ж Can you add one more word to
each group?
ýpвaking
ffi Work in small grочрs. You have Ьееп asked to create а
realityTV show about а group of 12 students lеаrпiпg
English. Think about these questions.
1 what willthe rules Ье?
2 What challenges will you set?
3 who will decide who ieaves, the teachers, students оr viewers?
4 What will the final prize Ье?

U*it ] 1 ýtyle апd desiqn 1 15

 т
ц

:1, i.":. l,:.i{, +;_ ':.-, "':i ýý Read the article again. Six sentences have
been removed. choose from the sentences
ýi] WоrК in pairs. Look at the photos and A-G the опе which fits each gap. There is опе
discuss the questions. extra sentence which you do not need to use.
] How have the designs of rides changed? А At the back, two ride operators press the
2 Have you ever Ьееп оп а rоllеr coaster оr bn-buttons'and our саr begins to slide slowly up а hill
similar ride? How did it make you feel? В This helps as we spin through the fоrеst; l am
3 Would you ever volunteer to tгу out а пеw ride? somewhere between laughter and shrieking as we
Why/Why not? rеасh the church,
С So when the оwпеrs of the park bouqht Alton Towers
iп ] 990 they asked him to design the rides there too.
D lt wasn't until the nineteenth сепtL_]rу though that the
Аmеriсапs worked out how to make rоjlеr coasters
make mопеу.
Е Unfortunately, l can't say that I аgrее with hеr,
F Next to me the реrsоп whispers,'This is the best
ехреriепсе of my life - everiand ] believe hеr.
G Her mother, an агпаtеur supernatura] investigato1
wouldn't let hеr daughter go to amusement parks
at first.

'i,nl""4.;,1
*,: Ё"t, fu.tl L;i i,fr, !'' ll'

ч*гЬý !п ссзпtgхt

ý Complete the sentences with the correct form

of the verbs underlined in the article.
1 The plane had to make ап егпеrgепсу landing but
еVеrVопе
2 lwas so ti[ed after digging in the garden all day that
my hands wеrе ..,,.............,........,...,
3 We want to 9о оп а holiday that ...... ...,,...,.......,,...., sports
and relaxatlon.
4 Му cousin loves gaming and he .,,,,,..,,...,....,...... . the
moment а пеW game Comes oUt,
5 You must read anything very carefully Ьеfоrе you
it
Whеп my friепd suddenly;umped out from behind his
саr l ..... ....................l

The roof of the building underthe

weiqht оf the snow.
Whеп the wind ........................,...,. frоm the поrth it is vеrv
cold in this аrеа.

|r;,]r:
Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1 Would you like to go оп this ride?
ftЧtл:ш*ýfrпзgg
Why/Why not?
{ **"_".-_*
i]
а---.,
t L] Х
\_J r]
j,.}
!i
l.} L1 i",
Why do you think some people enjoy rides like these
so much?
Read ап article аьочt а roller coaster
ride quickly and say what is special
about the ride the writer goes оп.

116 lJn}t 1 ] )ii/,i.], r.ij ,:]l;]: i;i]

Еr";,^rъt лl,, '}л
setting it makes riders feel чеrу strange. It is so
,l
terrifying that they hаче to sign а document about
l : l ,l ,l l l l ll t
tilPaat
i a a а a a a t -l а a1 their mental healthl And this is the ride I am going to
\-_/
'
t.у.ýýГ__l As we climb, I hold the Ьаr across my
chest and try not to think of death, I check the Ьаr
coasters аrе getting Ьiggец faster
R.c:}Ier three times, mауЬе fоur, and wоrrу about whеrе to
put mу hands. I am riding with some rеа] enthusiasts.
axd .* wit}t Гftfrfggл, Aito;r Тrwеr's
'psycho-coaster' * ýlоrе tеrriГуiпg tha* In front of mе, another experienced rider advises
mе to look down because then I'll get the best thrills.
ever. W* finci out what g*es into making гýг_l
th* u}timate ricle. As we fa]] frоm ТhirtеепЗ highest point towards the
trees, I sсrеаm for the first time. In the total darkness
The earliest rоl]еr coasters wеrе ridden in fifteenth- thеrе is а pause and then the ground beneath очr
century Russia - slides made of tree trunks went track seems to give way. Suddenly we drор like
down man-made ice-covered hills at 80 Hlometres screaming stones. Му stomach is sоmеwhеrе пеаr
реr hour. ГГГ-l The first 'switchback' (up the back of my throat! As soon as we land, а fiеrсе
and dоrлm) gravity railway was built in 1827 to wind blows очr cars backwards, round соrпеrs, down
transport coal down а 12-Нl9цпеtrе mountain. In the tunnels toward the end. when the rоllеr coaster
afternoons, thrill-seeНng pasýehgers paid 50 cents finally stops there is exhausted applause. 'It's like
а ride. Sixty уеаrs lаtеr they built one for pleasure at seeing а hоrrоr film at the cinema, but being inside
Coney Island. it, too,' SayS one happy customer. 'I want to go
According to psychologists, the typical rоllеr again,' says another. ГЭ]Г_l I climb off the ride
coaster enthusiast is а person who is looНng fоr with weak legs, but extremely happy, excited and
something new, different, чеrу scary and with an surprised, Somehow we have arrived back exactly
element of danger. Fоr Nichola PicКord, one of where we began and I've survived. But would I do it
Britain's few fema]e ride enthusiasts, it is 'all аЬоut again? I don't think so!
the feeling'. ГТГ__l Ноwечеr, when Nichola went
to Disneyland, Paris, she realised what she was
missing and it changed hеr life. Now 22, she lives for
her rides оп Nemesis, Europe's first inverted rо]lеr
coaster in the theme раrk called Alton Тоwеrs. 'I
shake when I am in the queue, but I never sсrеаm,'
she says.
I decided to try one of these rides fоr myself, but
first I spoke to John Wardley, previously а designer
of special effects for James Bond films. Не is known
as the 'King of Coasters' and was asked to introduce
the public to the thrill of film special effects in а ride
at Chessington theme park back in 1976. rýГ]
These included both Nemesis апd оьliviоп which is
the first vertica] drop rоIIеr coaster, One оf his most
frightening rides is Тhirtееп, which appeared in 2010
and cost f 15 million to create and build. I asked John
how he designed his rides. 'I always start Ьу thinНng
about а wide rапgе of emotions" he explains. Thirteeп
is а ride that'combines the цItimate elements of
physical and psychological fear. With апу ride there's
thrill and there's excitement, but with Тhirtееп we
wanted to add magic, mуstеrу, shock!'
Thirteeп isn't the world's tallest ride or the longest,
Ьut with its clever technology and haunted forest

Uпtt i i jt,;llt аll:: cr::lgl"l 117

 ffi СоmЬiпе the two sentences with so/such (а).
The waiter took а long time to serve the customers.
They left the restaurant.
The waiter they left the restaurant.
]t was dark in the саfё. We couldn't see our food]
lt ,,...,.....,......... ..... we couldn't see оur food.

The meal was good. We left а big tip.

lt was ....,.......,............... we left а big tip.
They played grеаt songs. We stayed for ages.
] hev olaved we staved а Iопо time.
The service was very fast. We were only iп the
restaurant fоr half ап hour.
The service wa5 ..,......................... we wеrе опlу iп the
restaurant for half ап hour.
ýреаýсirтg 6 The day was very suппу. We had а picnic Ьу the river
lt ............................ we had а picnic Ьу the river.
Work iп pairs. Look at the photo. Would you
like to go to this restaurant? WhуД/hу not?
ffi looK at the dialogue in Activity 2 а9аiп and
complete the rules with too апd епоugh.
ýФs s{,J€f*} чfе#-у; **сз eýýd *fтffiеsff,$}
'l We use before ап adjective to indicate
} GRl\ММД.&
............................
RЕГЕRЁNСЁ р, ф8 mоrе thап песеssаrу.

Ж Ф41 Complete the dialogue with so, such, 2 We use ............................ after ап adjective оr adverb, but
very, too or епоugh.Тhеп listen and check. before а поuп to mеап sufifcient.

P=Pablo A=Anika
kind of you to come and give
ffi Complete the customers'comments with foo
ltЪ (1).....................,...,... or епоugh.
us some advice about оur restaurant design.
1 lt was а lovely meal but there was ...............,....,,,... much
А So basically what would you like to change?
for me to eatl
р People don't like bright lighting but mапу 2 Great, That was perfect. Тhеrе was food to
customers have complained that the lighting is
stop me feeling hungry and not much so
(2) ...... ...,... low they can't see their food! Апd

we serve (3) ...... good food that it's а real

These portions аrе ....................,....... small.There aren't
shame! And there have also Ьееп complaints that
potatoes. l'm going to ask fоr mоrе.
there isn't (4) .....,...........,........... space between tables.
Yes - you want to seat as mапу people as you сап
4 This coffee's hot. l can't driпk it yet.

without it feeling (5) ............................. crowded. 5 N/lv babv's not old to sit at the table. Do
you have а ЬаЬу chair?
Personally, l feel that the coIours in here аrе
(6) ............................. bright and we need something 6 This meat is red. lt hasn't Ьееп cooked for

раlеr. You have (7) а good reputation long,,...........................

that l'm sure you'll Ье able to transform this space -

without it costing us (8) ............................. much!
L&р{ýыеffiжтýр
ffi look at the dialogue in Activity 2 and choose RеmеmЬеr that both lоо and иеrу can Ье used ВЕFОRЕ
adjectives but гоо has а negative mеапiпg.
the correct options to complete the rules.
We use so and such (о) when we want to emphasise
something, often with а reason/result. ýреmý*fiкg
2 We use so/such before ап adjective.
ж
fu# Work in pairs. Talk about а time whеп
з We use so/such с before an adjective + singular noun.
1 the weather stopped you frоm doing something.
4 We use so/such Ьеfоrе ап adjective + pluraI оr
2 an illness prevented you from keeping
uncountable noun.
ап appointment.
то introduce а result, we haveto/doп't have rо use гhdг you wеrе worried оr frightened about something so
you couldn't sleep.

1 18 Unit "l
t ýtyle all<i Cesigrl
 WffiW

w*
Ь,ме,щВеfi*Фdq"
ъ"ь
ý*s
в.;,{ш Ёвs Е ý ч
ffi ýu*ýýýýп taýý
рýгý**ýý i п{*rп:аt}*:* ý ýý&j&Pý}ý.&R :r,ЕГЕRГNСЕ р,l58

ý Work in pairs. The photos show people talking to
each other in different places. What do you think
they are talking аЬочt?
:.:: Оо you think these are g'ood places to meet пеw
friends? Why/Why not?
ýý Read the questions with tags.Then
put а cross next to the statement А-Е
which is NOT true.
1 Yоu don't speak ltalian, do you?
2 Adele is а brilliant singe1 isn't she?
3 The film last night was vеrу Ьоriпg, wasn't it?

ffi Work in pairs. Look at some questions peopIe 4 You're studyin9 at my school, aren't you?
We haven't lеаrпt about the futurе tenses yet,
sometimes ask when they meet socially. Take turns 5
to choose а question at random to ask уочr partner. have we?

We use question tags when we want to

confirm somethin9 that we think is true.
What do you do? WhаtЪ your home We use question tags when we want to Ье
Where are уоu frоm? town like? fоrmаl оr very polite.
We form а question tag Ьу using ап auxiliary
verb оr the verb rо Ье.
What's interesting for How Iопg have you
lf the main sепtепсе is positive we use а
visitors to see around here? Ьееп lеаrпiпg English?
ne9ative ta9.
lf the mаiп sentence is negative we use а
poSitive tag.
Do you like watching
апу sports? (Why?)
ffi Work in pairs.Turn to ра9е 139 and
do the task.

what was the last filrп
yotl saw at the сiпеmа?
Why is it imроrtапt for
you to know English?
Do you have any plans
Гоrthe holidays?
,i .с Work in pairs. Write two questions
What did you do fоr about the following topics. Сhапgе
уоur last holiday? partners and ask and answer the
questions in your пеw pairs.
How do you spend
1 technology 4 entertainment
your free time? 2 design 5 childhood
3 fashion 6 education
Ехаmрlе: WhаtЪ your favourite gadget?
What do you like to
do at the weekend?

{,!rrit 1
'| Slylr: ald aes lrl 1 19
 Жр*жffi*fiжg
ffi Work in pairs. When you are going to buy
something new, what do you do?
] check out reviews опliпе оr in а magazine
2 ask а friепdъ advice
3 rеlу оп уоur оwп judgement

Wm-ý*$wжg
Rечiеw
}\ýR!YýNG RГГГRINСГ р iбВ
Read the exam task and look at the picture of the
item the candidate is going to review. What do
you think he/she might mention?

l Yоч recentIy saw this notice in ап international magazine. ]

i Have you recently bought а new product that you

l really like or dislike for various reasons? Очr readers
i would love to hear about it.ЦГhy not share уочr
e:cpeTience Ьу writing а short rейеw fоr us?
I

Рrjlз уо*ч.I
reuigy:

ffi Пеаd the review and checkyour ideas.

ffi Пеаd the review again and underline

1 а rесоmmепdаtiопл
2 а сопсеrп that was unjustified.
3 an initiaI reaction,
4 а difficulty or possible disadvantage.
5 an example of satisfaction with the product.
6 why this particular product was chosen.

*
&ж Work in pairs.Tell уочr раrtпеr about something
you have bought recently that you were either
really pleased or really disappointed with.

ffi Гlап your review about this product. Divide notes

for your review into four paragraphs.
1 introduction * паmе of the product and rеаsоп for buying it
2 information about the product
3 advantages/disadvantages оr good/bad points of the
product
conclusion and recommendation

ffi Wrlte your review. Read your classmates'reviews

and vote on which three reviews the magazine
should publish.
ffi Complete the sentences with the ffi Complete the article Ьу changing the words at the end
words in the Ьох. of the !ines into а suitable form.
Fashion makes the world go around.
fake checked latest loose
designer tight genuine trendy The fashion industry is the target of а lot of (0) ,r:i{:.i:.:y... cRlTlclSE
But without it we would Ье stuck in the past. Changing
l hate it whеп Dad tries to look young and
fashions show а (1 ) ....,.......,,,..... wish to get rid of the old and HEALTH
bv dressino like а teenaoer.
These ieans are too around the move on. lt iS (2)...,............,,.. to blame the fashion industry fоr this. FAlR
middle. Have уоu got а smaller size? Fashion is ап art fоrm that reflects and shapes our day and age,
The ....................,...,..,., fashion is for very baggy IMAGlNE
lt demonstrates а 9reat deal of (3) ..,................, and creativity
jeans that fall down,
frоm the wоrldЪ leading designers. Any (4).................... into lNvESTlGATE
Never wear а strioed tie with а
shirt - the patterns don't go together. fashion shows the vital есопоmiс role it plays. lt is of great
5 This skirt is too...,............,.......,....,, l can't do it up. (5)......,....,....,.., to the global есопоmу. ln fact, it сап even lMPoRTANT
6 А oair of ieans can cost mапv help а соuпtrуЪ economic (6) ......,,..,,........ . REcoVER
times more than ап оrdiпаrу brand.
This is not the main reason that fashion interests most of us,
You call it....................,......... fur, but l like to think
of it as а good imitation. however, The important thing is that fashion helps us to feel
ч
.

Do you think this expensive-looking Ьа9 is better about ourselves. We can express оur (7).........,........,. PERsoNAL
the .............................. article? lt seems too cheap sWEET
through what we wеаr. Of course, it is not all (8)................,.,.
to Ье true.
and light. Fashion is а competitive business, both for the

ffi Complete the dialogue with mчsL designers and the models.
сап't or might using the prompts
The latest creations сап often Ье (9)......,.,.....,,,..., but mоrе EXPENSE
in brackets.
affordable copies сап Ье bought iп high street shops at а fraction
Sam Look at this dress. |t {0| .пнs_t.Ье.,.........
(definitely is) at least 40 years old. of the рriсе. Designers frequently ехрrеss their (10).........,,......... АNGRY

Lily Oh ves. tt ('l ) ЬrоЬаЬlч at seeing these cheaper versions, but really it is а sign of their success.
Ьеlопgеd) to my grапdmоthеr, She
(2) brobablv word illo ffi Matcb the sentence beginnings 1-6 with endings А-F.
her wedding.
1 His hair is very |опg but that won't stop me from going
Sam But look at this wedding photograph, to the party.
2 These jeans are vеrу
thаtЪ Aunt Mary iп the dress. lt
(3) ,,..... (definitely иzсs) hеrs.
expensive в but l like it that way.
3 l feel very tired с so I'm going to try оп а
Lily I\Лm. vou're rioht. lt (4)
4 l feel too tired cheaper pair,
(definitely wosnt) my great-
D think he should have it cut.
grапdmоthеrЪ But what about these 5 His hair is too long - l

old uniforms? Thev (5) 6 These jeans are too Е but l'm going to buy them апуwау,
(probably belonged) to Uncle Наrrу оr expensive F to go out tonight.
Grandad Bill,
Sam Uncle Наrrу (6)........ ,.. .,. .,..,...
(definitely wore)this jacket, he was а
ffi Cboose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 She isn't enough tall/toll enough to join the police.
tallman.
2 lt was iuchlso а beautiful day that we decided to go for а picnic.
Lily l wonder if the museum
0| brobablv is) 3 The саr is too/very old but it is still reliable.
interested in them. Тhеrе 4 Не was such/so disappointed iп his results that he decided to
(8) ,,...,. (definitely аrеп't) retake the ехаm,
mапу left. LеtЪ make some pasta. We don't have enough mопеу/mопеу
епочgh to eat out this evening.
They didn't let him go оп the ride because he was veryltoo young,

Unit 11 Style and design 121

 Жрwжý*ýжg
ж w_olk in pairs. How many famous scientists сап
уоч паmе? How mапу
of them are women?

ж w 4} Listen to some facts about опе famous female scientist. who do

you think it is?

trý ý6
жffiеffififiъж
l'lu'liPle ntatching
ffi Kead the article. Fоr questions '|*10, choose from the people A-D. The
реор|е may Ье chosen more than once.
which scientist
жж&ж Y"ýр found wоrk in spite of а lack of qualifications?
гттl
Remember that the options
found а special way of rесоrdiпg important things?
гrll
rephrase the ideas that аrе
in the text. so do not look
had а reputation fоr being difficuIt to get оп with?
гrт* l
could not study what she wanted because she was а woman?
for the exact words but the
same ideas.
was both а scientist and good at languages?
гэт- ]
was related to another welI-known реrsоп?
Г6].:T- l
had ап approach to her work that was criticised Ьу others?
г7l-l
was called something unkind Ьу someone she worked with?
гг,,г-]
was involved in something that was not developed at the time?
has made people change their thinking about а particular species?
гrl-.l
ffi Work in pairs. Which scientist in the article do you most admire? Why?

ffi WorK in groups. Тчrп to page 143 and do the activity.

122 ýcience arrd diэ*очеrу


!"шрiгаtiопs
А tot of giг[s аге put oii u .urеег Й sсiепсе
because they feel uпсоmfогtаЬ[е апd out of ptace.
Моге of us пееd to get involved iп the sciences.
These iпsрiгiпg stогiеs show what wоmеп сап
achieve iп а mап's wог[d.
@ had gained fгоm spending
Веаtгiх Роttег is famous fог hег [ove[y stогiеs аЬоut сutе
апimа[s апd hег detightfuI il[ustгаtiопs, but did уоu kпоw
that she was also а sегiоus scientist? whеп she was tittte,
Веаtгiх was iso[ated fгоm оthег сhi[dгеп. Нег рагепts
decided to educate hег at hоmе апd Веаtгiх's wогld was
чегу sma[[. She used to wгitе аlhhег sесгеts iп а special
code iп а diary. She loved dгаwiпg апd паtuге, апd she
did tots of рiсtuгеs of р[апts. Нег еаг[у аmЬitiоп was to
Ье а botanist but whеп she apptied to Ьесоmе а student
she was tuгпеd dоwп because she was а wоmап. lп spite
of this, Веаtгiх сопtiпuеd to study паtuге оп hег оwп апd
dгеw рiсtuгеs of р[апts апd flоwегs. She tаtег Ьесаmе
ап ехрегt оп mushгооms. Fогtuпаtе[у fог millions of
сhi[dгеп, she also dedicated hег time to wгitiпg stогiеs
аЬоut апimа[s - апоthег gгеаt [ove of hег tife!
Today ечегуопе has hеагd of DNA - ргоЬаЬtу because
of the рагt it ptays iп а lot of TV сгimе dгаmаs!
Uпdегstапdiпg DNA is ехtгеmеlу imрогtапt fог mапу
геаsопs, iпсludiпg heatth issues. Оле of the most
imрогtапt реор[е invo[ved iп [еагпiпg the sесгеts of
DNA was Rosatind Fгапk[iп. lt was hег fiгst Х-гау images
that [ed to the disсочегу of the dоuЬtе helix stгuсtuге-
something that is vitatto uпdегstапdiпg DNA. Rosalind
got а PhD fгоm СаmЬгidgе Uпiчегsitу апd wепt to wогk
at Кiпg's Cotlege Lопdоп. lt wasn't easy fог hег to wогk iп
а ргоfеssiоп that was mаiп[у сопtго[tеd Ьу mеп, апd hег
fiегсе регsопаtitу didn't hetp hег еithег! 0пе colleague
used to са[[ hег'Rosy the witch!' Later; оthег scientists
took the сгеdit fог disсочегiпg the stгuсtuге of DNA Ьut
without Rosatiпd's wогk they coutd печег have dопе this.
Uпfогtuпаtе[у, Rosalind died at the age of 57 Ьеfоге hег
рагt iп the disсOvегу was futty гесоgпisеd.
о
Jапе Cooda[[ initiatty
wогkеd iп fi[m ргоduсtiоп
but [аtег was given the
оррогtuпitу to wогk fог
апthгороLоgist Louis
Leakey iп Аfгiса. Louis
was imргеssеd Ьу Jane's
knowledge, which she
mапу hоuгs at the
Nаtuга[ Нistогу Мusеum
iп Lопdоп. Jапе had
little fогmа[еduсаtiоп but Louis wanted sоmеопе with ап
ореп mind. Ап imрогtапt рагt of Jane's wогk was studyiпg
chimpanzees. She disсочегеd that these апimа[s actuatty
use too[s. This was completely diffегепt to what реор[е
believed at that time. Jапе was чегу successfut atthough
she wаsп't widely аdmiгеd. She used to give hег chimps
паmеs, апd talked about thеiг регsопа[itiеs - this was
thought to Ье чегу uпsсiепtifiс! Jапе Ьесаmе а passionate
suррогtег of апimа[ гights апd dedicated hег life to the
ргоtесtiоп of witd apes апd thеiг habitats. Ноwечег, she
sti[[ has hег сгitiсs. [t/апу scientists do поt арргоче of hег
sрепdiпg so muсh time wогkiпg with the media.
о
Lогd Вугоп is опе of Епg[апd's best-loved poets but few
реор[е kпоw that his dаughtег, Ada, made чегу imрогtапt
сопtгiЬutiопs to соmрutег sсiепсе! Because of bad heatth
Ada was taught ргiчаtе[у. She deve[oped а геmагkаЬtе
mathematicaI miпd. lп 1833 she met Сhаг[еs Babbage
who is often ca[[ed 'the fаthег of the соmрutег' because he
designed the еаг[iеst соmрutiпg machines. Uпfогtuпаtеtу
these wеге печег built Ьесаusе he didn't have епоugh
mопеу, Ada апd Babbage ta[ked а lot about his р[апs апd
Ьеtwееп 1842 and 1В45 Ada tгапslаtеd ап lta[ian гечiеw of
Babbage's ргороsеd mасhiпе. IМоге imрогtапttу, she added
hег оwп notes оп how to са[сu[аtе сегtаiп sequences of
пumЬегs. Although the mасhiпе was пеvег buitt scientists
поw believe that these поtеs of Ada's wеге the wог[d's
fiгst соmрutег ргоgгаmmе. Ada died at а уоuпg age - she
was опlу 56, lf she had lived регhарs she would have
made mоге сопtгiЬutiопs to the devetopment of соmрutег
ргоgгаmmiпg.
Unit I2 Sclence and cjiscovel,v 12з
-l
 ýpeaking Rewrite the sentences using the
third conditional.
ý Work in pairs and answer the questions.
Реrсу was а good scientist апd he realised the
1 What is уоur favourite invention? Why? importance of the melted chocolate.
2 What would you like to invent? Why? lf Percy

Beatrix Potter didn't become а qualified scientist so she

Third conditionaý апd wfsh wrote books for children.

lf Beatrix Potter ...............

> GRAMMAR RЕГЕRrГjСЕ р i59 Rosalind Franklin died at а youn9 age. She didn't get
the recognition she deserved.
ý Пеаd the online comment.What did Реrсу lf Rosalind Franklin
Spencer invent? How did he invent this? Charles ВаЬЬа9е didn't build а computin9 machine
because he didnt have enough mопеу.
lf Charles ВаЬЬа9е

Jane Goodall had an unscientific approach to hеr work.

ffi***#Фffi*ffi* **w**&***s Other scientists disapproved of hеr.
lf Jane Goodall ..........................,
А lot of important inventions happened accidentally!
Tell us уочr favourite stOry.
ffi Work in pairs. Look at the reading text again
Pete142spot and make two more third conditional sentences
using some of the information.
Реrсу Spencer invented something we аlЧ tse а lot today -
the microwave. But he wasn't trying to! ln 1945 Реrсу was
an епgiпееr and he was studying microwave signals ffi Kead the last sentence about Percy Spencer
used in radar. Не was standing beside а magnetron - the а9аiп. Does wish in this context mean regret
machine that produces the signals - when the chocolate or hope?
bar in his pocket meltedl This was the effect produced
Ьу the microwaves. Не did lots mоrе tests - on eggs and
popcorn and stuff - and then the first microwave was Ж- Ф 43 Listen to five people talking about
things they wish had or hadn't been invented.
produced, Just think. lf he hadn't Ьееп standing thеrе,
Do you а9rее with them? Listen again and
оr if he hadn't Ьееп а chocolate fan, he wouldn't have
compIete the sentences.
invented the microwave. Mind you, l bet he wished that the
chocolate Ьаr had been on а plate and not iп his pocket! 1 l wish they....,...,.......... ............. smart рhопеs
when l was younger.
2 l wish we ...................... ..,....... faster trains when
l was going to school.
З l wish they.................. .............. ebooks.
4 l wish my grапdmоthеrЪ generation
better cameras,

ffi Complete the rule about wish.

When we use tлzlsh to talk about something in the past
that wed like to сhапgе we use
wish + past simple/present perfect/post perfect.

ffi look at the underlined phrases in the

comment and complete the rules.
The third conditional is about ап imagined/real
SitUation iп the past/preseпt.
We соп/сап't change the result of а third
conditional clause.
То form the third conditional we use if + present/past
perfect + would hove + рrеsепt/роsг participle.
ffi Write three things that you would like to have
changed аЬочt these different times iп your
life.Then compare your ideas with а partner.
1 when 1 was at рrimаrу school
2 during my last holiday
3 last weekend

124 Unit'l2iri:ltc 116;,;1зl.,gr7

 ýpeaklng ffi Complete the sentences using phrasal
verbs from Activity 3.Тhеп work in pairs
Do you think science programmes оп TV help to and discuss your answers.
interest people in science? Do you watch any?
What interestinq information has so
WhуД/hу not? .............,...............
far iп this lesson?

VосаЬшIаrу What plans have you made recently that have

and vou couldn't do what
phrasal чегЬý you wanted?

ffi Пеаd аЬочt the next programme in а ТV series Have vou апиhiпо surorisino in

about science and discovery. Would you like to this unit?

watch the programme? Do you ечеr find it difficult to ............................. all уоur
homework? Why/Why not?
Have you ечеr Ьееп in ап ехаm when you
сhаппеl 11 time and didn't finish?
6 What information frоm this unit would you like to
in mоrе detail?

Sсiепсе for today

(Saturday 15,7.З0 p.m. Channel 11} Usе of English
As everyone knows, most of our епеrgу today is supplied Кеу wоrd trапýfoгrпаtiспý
through fossil fuels but unfortun*tely they are rчппiпg out!
Complete the second sentence so that it
Experts have Ьееп going оп about this for а lопg time поw,
has а similar meaning to the first sentence,
How аrе we going to роwеr our cars апd heating? This is а
чsiпg the word given. Use between two
big question and опе that has come чо iп the emails we get
and five words, including the word given.
frоm our viewers. ltЪ imроПапt for scientists to discover new
ways of getting епеrgу and keeping up with реорlеЪ need for l didn't save mу fi|es so l lost all my science
homework.
mоrе роwеr! lп оur next programme we'll Ье |ooking into the
WlSH
research оп this subject. lп the past there have Ьееп lots of ideas
l ....,............,........... my files.
for different sочrсеs of energy such as methane - а gas that
We didn't expect to find the formula iп that file.
is produced Ьу cows whi|e they're eating. Most of these рlапs AcRoSS
have fallen through because thеу'rе just not practical. lmagine We didn't expect the formula in
trying to trap the gas frоm cows! However, while researching that file.
the рrоgrаmmе we саmе across а variety of interesting ways to Не didn't pass his exams 5о he couldn't go to
produce роwеr. We'll Ье |ooking at these in the рrоgrаmmе and medicalschool.
Mandy and Jim will Ье having а race in а vehic|e powered Ьу FAlLED
two чеry чпчsчаl products. l'm not giving аwач what they аrе .,. lf ............................. his exams, he would have gone to
just to say, itЪ not petrol ... and itЪ а чеrу funny rасе indeed. So, medicalschool.
switch оп next Saturday and take а look into the future! Вуthe mid-twenty-first century there won't Ье any
mоrе oil for us to use.
USED
Ву the mid-twenty-fi rst centu rу we
ffi Matcb the phrasalverbs 1-8 underlined in Activity .,...........................

all the oil in the world.

2 with mеапiпgs А-Н.
Scientists have печеr discovered anythin9 as
'l come across А tell а secret important as antibiotics.
2 ruп out of В examine тнЕ
3 fall through С complain Antibiotics important discovery
4 9о оп about D not have enough of
scientists have ever made.

5 look into Е fail

lt wasn't а
sHoULD
good idea to lie to him.

6 соmе up F stay at the same level You ............................. him the truth.
7 give away G appear
8 keep up with Н find

Unit 12 5сiепсе and Ciscover1, 125

 ýр*аý*ýпg
ffi Work iп pairs. Read two comments from high
school students about studying science. Do you
agree with either of them? Why/Why not?
1 lam so not interested in sсiепсе. l think it's totally Ьоriпg.
You have to lеаrп all these different formulas fоr things and
l just can't understand why things work оr don't wоrk. And
is it important, апуwау? l want to study arts so l don't need
to do science, do l? Double science оп а Mlonday mоrпiпg is
the worst thing in the world!
2 l really enjoy finding out how things work and doing
experiments in the lаЬоrаtоrу. lt's important to understand
about the world around us because then we сап make life
better iп the future. Му science tеасhеr is vеrу enthusiastic
and that makes us enthusiastic, tool ld Iove to Ье ап
engineer.
ý*ýstеж*mg
1-IulElple споlсе
Ll I l
'-.
Ж ffiqq Listen to part of а radb'interview about
The Big Bang UKYoung Scientists & Engineers Fair.
What different things can people do at the fair?
ffi
126 Unit i2 \r:t !,. , l ,.,] :,s, ,,,,, ,
ffi listen again. For questio пs 1-7, choose
the answer (А, В or С).
ýж&м:ý"ýр,
RеmеmЬеr that an oBtion mау not Ье correct just
because it has words that you hеаr iп the recording.
Tina believes the science and engineering fair is
important fоr young people because
А not mапу people get the сhапсе to see such
ап exciting event.
В it explains some basic jobs that епgiпееrs do.
С it changes people's attitudes towards science
and engineering.
At the fair young people have the сhапсе to
А learn from the ехреriепсе of their teachers.
В participate iп various activities.
С watch films during the breaks.
How does Тiпа feel about the fair?
А impressed Ьу the way it focuses оп science and
engineering in tоdауЪ world
В surprised at the rапgе of things science and
engineerinq сап do
С сопсеrпеd that her own scientific knowledge
is not чеrу good
Why is the fаir important fоr teachers, too?
А They can Iearn about the latest innovations,
В They сап get tips оп how to interest their
students.
С They сап get advice on how to develop their
own саrееrs in science and engineering.
One prize wiппеr invented а machine that could
А do something that people can't.
В еаrп а lot of mопеу fоr рооrеr countries.
С protect people frоm паturаl disasters.
тiпа mentions another wiппеr because
his invention
А used his knowledge of two different topics.
В is being widely used today in the
muSic indUStry.
С did not require а scientific background.
As well as teaching young people about science
and engineering, the fаir also
А encourages them to Ье competitive.
В advises them оп possibillties fоr future work.
С gives schools гпопеу if they have good ideas,
Would you ]ike to go toThe Big Bang Fаir?
What would you like to find out more
about there? Why?
 Жр*жkýкъg
ffi Wbat do you think makes а good inventor?

Ж*жжжу*Въ жr,ъd dfr sжжwmrу

Read the comment Ьу а finalist for the competition.
what sort of scientist is she?

to Science today
lt's been а grеаt (1| ехреriепсеlехреrimепt and l'm delighted
to have wоп the рrizе. lnventing this has Ьееп а long,
complicated (2) process/sequence, Firstly, obviously, you Wfimуd hжýýdýrзg
have to come up with an (З| iпtепtiопlidеа. And that's not ýýýеýсý and scielзtists
easy! You have to {4) makeldo а lotgrt геsеаrсh and then
when you know what you want to do, you (5| thinkldevelop ffi Гоr each subject, паmе the scientist
some thеоriеs and (6) provelconducf ехреrimепts. You and form the adjective. Compare
гесогd all уоur (7) апswеrs/геsu/fs and {8) staylkeep гесогds your answers with а partner.
thгoughout, all the time imргочiпg оп уоuг оrigiпаl idea. lt's
l]l Ехаmрlе: archaeology - archaeologist -
l
]i:
hаrd wоrk but in the end whеп you рrоduсе something that archaeologicol
]..
wогks and that оthегs will find useful - it's wоrth itI l печеr 1 mathematics
thought l'd Ье ап епgiпееr but now l сап't imagine being
2
]:

]:
ecology
anything else!
]:

]:
]: 3 physics
4
]:

biology
5 chemistry
ffi еS Read the comment again and choose the correct 6 meteorology
alternatives to compIete the collocations. Then Iisten
and check.
Ж ф4ý Underlinethesyllables
that are stressed in the words iп
ffi Complete the col]ocations in sentences 1-6 with the Activity 5. Then listen and check.
correct form of the verbs in the Ьох.
Еха m р l е: а rсh а е 9l og i st ооОоо
archae1logy ооОоо
take develop analyse make reach do
archaeolggical оооОоо

lt must Ье а wonderful feeling for а scientist to ,,...,....,...,...............

imроrtапt discovery. ýр*mfuýmg
When we've finished all the experiments we пееd to
the results. ffi Work in pairs and discuss
the questions.
Now we've looked at all the results, have you
а сопсlusiоп? Look at the people in Activity 5. Whose
4 The doctors will need to several X-rcys of your Ьrаiп.
job do you think is the most/least
..........,....,...,...,.....

5 l hated experiments in the !аЬоrаtоrу when l was

interesting? Why?

at school. Do you know of апу famous scientists from

your own country or rеgiоп?
Scientists have ., ._ . _..._....... а vассiпе to attack the new virus.
What аrеlwеrе they famous fоr?
.

ýпit j2 Sсjtl.lсс *ni dis:c.vcry 127

 ýр*mkЁmg Read the article а9аiп and match the underlined
reporting verbs 1-10 with the direct speech A-J.
Work in pairs. Сап you name апу winners
'Would you Iike to соmе to а science award сеrеmопу?'
of the Nobel Prize for Science? What do you
Ехаmрlе:2, invited
think the lg Nobel Prizes might Ье for?
в 'Why don't you take notes and write ап article?'
с 'Don't forget to buy tickets fоr next уеаrЪ сеrеmопуJ
Rер*rt*rтg werbs D 'Don't expect а чеrу serious evening!'
> GRАммАR RЕГЕRЕNСЕ п.l59 Е '|'m sоrrу l can't Ье thеrе this eveningJ

F 'The awards аrе terrible because they make fun of

ffi Пеаd the online article about an lg Nobel
serious sсiепсе]
award сеrеmопу and check уочr ideas.
G 'l'd love toj

н 'l won't attend the award сеrеmопуl

l '|'ll рау for your ticketl

lg LlBhBI Рrizg f,rшаrds J Аrе you busy next weekend?'

ffi
I

look at the reporting verbs in Activity 2 and find

1 one vеrЬ followed Ьу lf + object.
2 two verbs followed Ьу infinitive with lо.
3 three verbs followed Ьу object + infinitive with fо.
4 опе чеrЬ followed Ьу а noun.
5 two чеrЬs followedby for + -iпg.
6 опе verb followed Ьу that + object + infinitive without fо.

ý-&Nffiшеý,кYýр, ,,, ,

d Ьу -ingwithout а
Sugg,est| q;ап aiso,be fo||owq
When mу friend, а well-known scientist, (1) asked
persOnal objec| е.9. Не sшgrý*ýtеd taking а toxi to the
if l was busy last weekend l had no idea why and
oword сеrеmопу.
then he (2) invited mе to attend опе of the most
interesting science award ceremonies in the world -
the lg Nobel Prize awards. Не (3) offered to buy my
ticket so l (4) accepted his invitation. Не (5) warned
ffi Use the correct verbs to report the following
statements from the award сеrеmопу.
mе поt to expect а very serious evening - апd he
was right! The lg Nobel prizes are not for the best Ехаmрlе: RеmеmЬеr to take уочr notebook. (mу friепd)
scientific inventions or research - they're for the Му friend reminded mе to take mу notebook.
funniest, or silliestl Не also (6) suggested that l 'l think we should sit пеаr the stageJ
take notes оп the evening to write ап article for mу IMv friend
website, which l did, |t was а great evening! l loved
'Would you like to come for а mеаl afterwards?'
the winning idea from Japan - а smoke alarm that
friend
It/y
wakes up deaf people Ьу sending а spray of strong
wasabi (а strong, hot sauce) into their facesI Uggh! 'l think it was very bad that one scientist didn't come]
There was also the interesting research опе scientist lt/y friend
did into whether when опе tortoise yawns, other '|'m sоrrу that l don't have а рrераrеd speech!'
tortoises уаwп, too * like humansl Unsurprisingly, А scientist
поt all the winners were at the сеrеmопу, Опе 5 'l won't go Up оп the Stage]A wiппеr
(7) apologised for not attending via а video link but
another опе (8) refused to соmе. Не (9) criticised
6 '|'ll buy two programmesJlt4y friend ...............

the awards for making fчп of serious science! But l

think the awards are ап excellent idea and ffi Work in pairs. Write five more statements that
were made at the сеrеmопу. Exchange them
I

(10) reminded mу friend to buy tickets for next

year's awards, Sometimes we take life too seriously, with another pair and report the statements
don't we? using а variety of verbs.

128 Unit 12 Science and сisсоvсrч

t
Жржмýеfrmъg
L*ng t*rп
аgr**iпg еrзс$ disagr**ýr:g

ýý Work in pairs. lmagine that your school

has been given some money to spend on
something related to science and technology.
Discuss what it should spend the mопеу on.
Look at the list and use the phrases below to
help you.

new science laboratory

laptops for every student
trip to Arctic or Antarctic for group
of top science students
schoo.]_ fаrm

film and recording studio

series of fectures from visiting top
sciencists
,,
Agree
l аgrее with you.
l totally/compIetely agree with you.
You're absol utely right.
l couldn't а9rее mоrе.

Partly a9ree
l wouldn't say that.
l а9rее up to а point.
l partly а9rее with you.

Disagree
l disagree with you.
l completely/totalIy disagree with you,
|'m аfrаid l don't а9rее at аll.

ffi Change partners and explain your decision.

ý

ý*Фпý ýuгý",!

ffi What qualities and skills do you think а good

science teacher needs? ln which рlасе would you prefer to lеаrп about
science?

ffi Work iп pairs. Student А: do the task below.

student В: listen to student А and answer the
follow-up question. Then turn to ра9е 139
and swap roles.
i"
j Your photographs show students learning
about science in difГerent places. Соmраrе your
жжАм "fl
шр
You can indicate which picture you are rеfеrriпg to
Ьу saying 'in this picture . . .'апd pointing rather than
l saying'in the picture at the topl Ноwеvеr, if you do use
prepositions fоr this rеmеmЬеr to use at the top/at the
1

j photo9raphs and say how good ihese places аrе for bottom.
students tо lеаrп about science. l

,l29
ý*it ] ? l;i_lilrlt_e .lпi a :jс{],Jel,!
 ýpeaking
ffi Work in pairs. Read the essay task and discuss
what а candidate might add to those notes
given in the question.
you have had а class discussion about scientific
research. Your teacher has asked you to write
ап essay.
ffi Пеаd the answer again and underline parts of
the essay where the writer
'l uses а question to involve the reader.
2 gives а conclusion.
3 9ives his/her opinion.
4 comments оп а different opinion.
5 restates his/her орiпiоп.

Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons

6 summarises the opposing point of view.

for your point of view. 7 develops his/her own орiпiоп and gives ап example.
ls it а good thiпg for scientists to fiпd очt mоrе оЬоut 8 accepts that his/hers is not the only opinion.
оur чпivеrsе?
п k* rs : *}*}т *с;gýз, d*sPlt*, & gwеуеr, сtс -
Notes ý ý

Things to Write about } ýRеММ&R RЕГЕRЕNСЕ р. i5?

'j cost 2 progress З your own idea
ffi Choose the correct alternative to complete
the sentences.
\fif ritiпg lt's important to spend mопеу оп research.
Ноwеvеr/Dеsрiге this гпопеу should Ье spent carefully.
ýssазu
Ечеп/Дlthоugh scientists have Ьееп doing research into
},\frfRlTNNý R[':ER[NCE p.l 64 , , life оп оthеr planets for а very lопg time, nothing has
been proved.
ffi Пеаd the answer and check if your ideas
Despite/Howeyer not having much mопеу, scientists
are mentioned.
have fiпаllу found а сurе fоr this illness.
We are continuing with the research tп even/spire of
disappolnting results.

Work in pairs. Read the essay task and discuss

уочr opinions. Try to think of disadvantages to
go with the points given. Find апоthеr point
to add to the notes.
you have had а discussion about scientific research
in your class.
Write ап essay using aIl the notes and give reasons
for your point of view.
Do you believe that пеw scientific discoveries опd
iпчепtiопs always make life better for us?
Notes
Things to write about
1 we get lazier
2 they help us live lопgеr
З your own idea

Plan and write your essay.

ЕжАмтIр
ffi Complete the phrases in the essay with the Use linking words and phrases to make your writing
words iп the Ьох. mоrе interesting. RеmегпЬеrwе сап use liпkiпgwогds
аdditiапtоlспd,йhеп we add sоmеthiпglЪпd ,
like iп
favour believe
]

views worth
becausdtherefore/as а resutt to show reasons and resultr
conclusion controversial point say

130 l,.lnit '!2 :ti]егlсе anC cjiscol",el,,

ffi Complete the sentences with the ý,* Пead the information about Sir Alexander Fleming and
correct form of the reporting verbs complete sentences 1-8 using the third conditional.
in the Ьох.

accept remind criticise

invite refuse оffеr
'l 'Would you like to go to the cinema
tonight, Lucy?'Derek Lucy to
qo to the cinema. l\ Лuпу towns аrоuпd the world have а hospital оr
l v
lclinic that is named afterthe doctor апd rеsеаrсhеr
ld lоvе to golLucy Sir Alexander Fleming. His discovery of репiсilliп. the
'Yes,
Ь ;,,
Derek's invitation.
'Let mе cook dinner] Paolo
Р, tlr*tantjhiotic,b.4sg{Щtýв,Jiч ]фilliФ,пi,:ýf*EфЁ
..,.,.......... ............ to But whai is the story behind it? During the First Wor|d
cook diппеr, Wа L,Flsfпiп g,wа s,,а,.dсс!оr: Йhо,.tr:.q d. fltё;,WП,уЙgЁф.:
'|'m sоrrу,won't go to the party. l really
l Не МtВефtЙ,Йоisrррtji}Ъ.ts,,Й,еЁфiМiý,Ъ lt
.....
.

don't want to]Geoff. to 9о to

sf i infectiýцý{фý:fr0Tn.,tfu ir оri giл а| i пj u ri es. Aft еr tha,;,
the party. W*ь h_e:d€iidad.-ta,dgdicate his llfe to rеsеаrсh to !fi.
'Oh по, Josh!Why did you leave the п*сtаr! tt.gДч,sеД$sе'
tb,{ind.a. rivay +.f fiýfi.tф-:thý ..
clothes outside? You're so creJess!' lпf€еtjопi:.Еуео,thоlt Ьв.wСsll.Д,.ЬJjlliаЯ]:r]ё:ýевЕýЩi
Sally ...............,,...,. . Josh fоr leaving the his.la bor"atory: ша 5, dЙу5,д, цЪsвr.ОцМ
:ag+aslщtlfg
clothes outside.
went 0п holiday without сlеапiпg up his lаЬогаtоry. This
'Don't forget Суr|lЪ biпhday tomorrow, provided the perfect епчirопmепt for Ьасtеriа to grow
Bella] Kevin Bella about
VVhёп h,ё,. т€trirл€d;,ýасвтйi|!а* :ýтоФ:пiýп.,d- , i.is'
Cyril's biпhday.
sli{еs,,,Нg в{'фfiф.he1g*kЪa {tre,B|Ёý.s;ВяtЩ
п_gtiс ёd lа, эiеат:,аrаа:1лthýrеitа.Ёфri.а.:{i л.]týгоtпlпlТлiq,
Complete the sentences usin9 the
ýtimulatsd,,hlЕ,,cr rioBrtv.;Wbe*l.tr9.,jaok€a.j аtФ,,офqr
correct form of the verbs in the Ьох.
l

аrФа,чпdsг q.вriýtоýсоЁе;::tлеlтеаjis-Ф]th.аtlр8,riФj i:
make reach do take sort of fungi - had destroyed the ЬаЙеriа. Не eventuilly

anaiyse develop wоп а Nobel Prize fоr his discovery,

We stilI haven't ............,...,....,...... апу

сопсlusiопs frоm the experiments.
тhеrе is alot of dato that we пееd
to ........... ............ Ьеfоrе we continue lf Fleming (поt discover) репiсilliп, millions more
the investigation. people (die) of infections.

They аrе trying to а theory lf Flеmiпg (поt Ье) а doctor iп the First World Wаr, he
that will explain what happened. (поr see) the tеrriЬlе results of infections.

Scientists have ....,....,...,.... а Ь reokth rou g h F]еmiпq (поt dedicote) himself to researching Ьасtеriа
if mапу patients
..........

in treating the disease. (поt die) of infections.

They have to .........,.............,..., blood samples 4 The bacteria (поt qrow) on the slides if Fleming

from allof the patients. (сlеап up) his laboratory before gоiпg оп holiday

We have to,........................... Some ехреrimепts 5 lf his lаЬоrаtоrу (поt Ье) so messy, his sIides
to check which is the best material. (поtЬесоmе) covered iп bacteria
If he ...,,..,.......,... ......... (поt notice) the аrеа whеrе the bacteria hadn't
qrown, he ...............,.......,,.. (поt make) his discovery.
Не ...,...,...,........... peniclllin if he
..... (поt idепtiбt) ........,..,..., .......,,
.
(поt look)
at the slide uпdеr а microscope.
|fFlеmiпg (поt mоkе) the discovery, he ............,..............
(поt wiп) а Nobel Prize fоr his work.

Pr*gr*ss T**t 4 1з1

 А into the rеаsоп for the firе.
ffi Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to
в up at work, l'lI have to go back to the office.
form а word that fits in the gap in the same line.
с асrоss а valuable painting.
D up with you. Yоur legs аrе longer than mine|

Drcs,ý,for]'.] ýчссеýý
Е about that Ьrоkеп vase, l'll buy you апоthеr one
t through because thеrе are по cheap flights left.
G out of petrol.
The way we dress at work all depends оп н away Secrets to the епеmу.
aur la),pя|l!,pфýelr,,' апd what it means to occuPY
look (! },.,.,.,,,,,.,,.,...,..,... Fоr instance; it would
PROFESSЮN ý*ý
ý* Complete the second sentence with
Ье completely for а рrirпаrу PolNT
between two and five words, including
,
{2).,,,;',,.....,,.,.,..._

school tеасhеr to wеаr:апиhiлg that was very the word given, so that it has а similar
fashionableand {3}.._,..,,,,,._...._..:. , Аs апуопе with' ЕХРЕf,|SЕ
mеапiпg to the first sentence.
, :

ехреriепсе of working with smallchildren will

tell you, апрhiпg delicate is likely,to Ье ruiпеd. The book cost too much mопеу for me to buy.
duriпg the first day at wоrk. ENoUGH
l didn't ..... to buy the book.
ltЪ bettei to'weu, uо*utЙiпg саsuаlапd
сомFоRт l rеgrеt telling Непrу the truth,
that is easy to move gTound
(4)...............,......,.
NoT
in - апd еа5у to washl lп some wolkplaces,
the cho]ce is еvёп mоrе timited. F.оr nurses, for
l wish .. ........,.. Непrу the truth.

ехагпр[е, flatshoes are essential, High heels The day was so hot that we had to stay indoors.
wculd Ьё out of place or ечеп (5),.;,.,.,.........,.,... , DAi,|GER SUcH
By contfast; lor а receptiФniýt,,\1yho isloften the lt .......................,.......... hot day that we had to
firýt реr!оп iп the соmрапу а visitor will see, stay indoors.
арреаrапсе is ofgreat (6) _ _ lMPoRTANT The play was boring, we left at the interval,
So
The wау а receptionist dresses tetls:yeu i
We Ьу the рlау that we left at
...................................
something aboutthe companyls image. }f you
the iпtеrчаl.
wоrk in the media, уоu mау Ье expected t0
lrvear (7} ..,.....,....,.,,.....,". clothes: They аrе,а wау pf TREND The rocket рrоgrаmmе is continuing even
exBrеssiлgуоurt8).';..''''.'...".'.,..'аndmаkingа PERSoNAL though the first launch failed,
Statement about who you аrе. And, of course, sPlTE
HlGH The rocket pro9ramme is continuing
уоu have to dress'in.the {9) ",..,,...,.;.,,,,;.;.....of fashiФn
if you,.work iпthеfashioTr industr:,y.'lf уоu wапt
the failure of the first lаuпсh,
people:to take you seriousiy. tI 0},,.,,,,,...,..,..,.,,.,., DE5lGN 'Don't еаt those mushrooms, Stanley!'
clothes аrе ап abýolute must, said I\lilton.
WARNED
Milton .............. eat the mushrooms.
Jenny said,'Why don't we all go for а

ffi Matcb the sentence beginnings 1*8 with endings А-Н. midnight swim?'
тнАт
'l Our holiday plans have fallen ]еппv we all went for а
2 She was imprisoned fоr giving midnight swim.
3 Stop at the next service Station, wе'rе gоiпg to ruп l а9rее with spendin9 more mопеу оп research
4 Сап you walk mоrе slowly? l can't keep FAvoUR
5 А рrоЬlеm has come
l am . ............... spending more mопеу
on rеsеаrсh.
6 Experts аrе looking
7 while she was in the attic she came
8 Stop qoing оп

1З2 Рr*grеssý*st4
 ffi Гоr questions 1-12 decide which answer (А, В, С Complete the sentences with the correct
or D) fits each gap. form of mаkе or do.

Епtеп the dгаgопs

l ....,...,..............,,а stupid mistake while l was
the cooking. l added sugar instead
of salt!
ne of the most amazing events I have could vou mе а favour? l need а lift to
(Ol..e".pr..,.... Ьееп to is the Hong the station.
long dragon boat rасеs. The сitуЪ hагЬоuг, сап vou less noise, olease? l'm trvino
(l).............. is an ideal
location to mч homework.
fог the event, has been the site of the championship
Don't worry about your mаrk, just try and
sечегаl times since the 1970s. The people of Hong Kong
look (2)
vour best.
it each summег, The hаrЬоuг
is packed with (3) and suррогtегs We should the most of the opportunity
of the diffегепt сrеws. It and ....................... some mопеу.
happens оп what is knorvn Jason always trouble during break time,
as 'poet's day', which but whеп the teacher telIs him оff he .......,...,............. а
(4).............. us stupid excuse.
of а legend about а famous
poet who drowned. Ноwечег,
ffi Comp|ete the conversation about the
hisЧ ghost lаtеr арреагеd advantages and disadvantages of school
апd (5)............,. uniform with the words and expressions iп
people how to protect the Ьох.
themselves against dагk
fоrсеs. Не is поw теmеmtrеrеd as (6) reason I say this
feel strongly for me
national hею. thаtъ because so this l think meant
Dгаgопs аrc very imрогtапt in Chinese сultuге, and the
drаgоп boats are (7).......,...... аftеr the dгаgоп's опсе don't you do you feel think
head that (В).............. one саггiеs at the frопt. Gemma how (1)...... about
The rасе (9).............. Ье а local аffаir but it So, Keith,
school uпifоrm?
has tlecome ап inteгnational ечепt. Teams frоm агоuпd
the ц/orld соmе to take (1о) ........... in it.
Keith Actually, (2)...,.,...,,.....,...... it is а really

(t 1)............ most of the boats and сrеws аге

good idea.
still fгоm the геgiоп, сrеws fюm as fаr away as Frапсе Gemma Oh, rеаllу? You surprise mel
and New Zealand compete, too. (l2) Keith WeIl,the(З)............,,...........................is
the гасе, the сгецч paddles while one team mеmьег hits а because of my personaI experience.
drum and апоthеr опе stеегs the boat. The аtmоsрhеrе is | (4)...,................. spent а tеrm in
еlесtriс and the noise simply unbelievable. а Frепсh school.There was no uniform
(5) . kids worried far too
much about what to wеаr.
0 А ever В already С never D опсе
Gemma lsee, but (6) . . deciding
1 А which В that С whose D who what to wear lets pegple express their
2 А forward to В upto С down on D out for оwп personality?
3 А watchers В spectators с audience D viewers Keith Not rеаllу. (7)....................... expressing
4 А remembers В tellS С reminds D says your personality is about mоrе than
5 А said В warned С suggested D advised choosing which clothes to wеаr.
6 Аа В one С the D its I (8).........,.......... that the advantage

7 А naming В named ( names D паmе of school uniform is that you don't need to
think about what to put оп. Апуwау, even
8 А several В each С all D many
without ап official uniform, kids create опе
9 А accustomed в were used to С used to D got used to of their оwп. (9) ........,.. they want
1О А advantage В time С place D part to look like ечеrуопе elsel
11 А Although в Nevertheless С Despite D However
12 А While В Fоr С During DBy

Progr*ssTest 4 1 3З

l
 ::1 ]l.]:].,.,_]i ].; ]i .,
Work in pairs. Take turns to role-play the examiner
and а candidate. Choose questions to ask from ,.]i i,,,l...] !...],1.:] ] l.,]..1
the list.
Your photos show people who want to look their best.
] How do you like to spend your weekends? Compare the photos and say how the people
2 What's уоur favourite рrоgrаmmе оп ТV? are feeling.
3

#
Do you spend а lot of time on а computer?
4 How do you usually trаvеl аrоuпd your аrеа? тý

5 What do you like to do when уоu'rе on holiday?

6 Сап you tel me something about уоur best friend? ,, tы
7 Do you like to spend your fгее time at home ol,to go out?
8 Which ls уоur favourlte day of the week? Why?
9 What sort of fi]ms do you enjoy watchlng? Ir

10 Whlch mеmЬеr of your fагпilу do you admire most? Why?

i;."iil:riil,;i.1+;":l',1','i,jr
, . d 1 i_,
I iiii

Which answer is better, А or В? Why?

А
Well, in the first photograph сап see а woman, she is at а
*t]. i],r!.
hairdresser's. А girl has started to do something to hеr hаir. l *l'lý
think she's changing the colour.The hairdresser is quite young .,?.;ij
l'r'iil
with Ьlопd hair and she's concentrating оп the woman's hаir.
She needs to Ье very careful. п the second photograph, we
l-Ёi.
сап see а 9roup of chi drеп. lt ooks like а fancy dress party
оr Something like that,They аrе dressed up in pretty clothes.
Реrhарs it's а party оr а competition. The 9irls аrе aged about
fоur оr five апd оп the rl9ht there's а young Ьоу. Behind him
there's апоthеr Ьоу who ls wеаrlпg а big hat. l like the second
picture best because l went to lots of parties iike this when l

was young. lt was good fun.

в
[еtЪ see. Well, the first photograph shows а wогпап at the
hairdresser's. Someone's doing something to hеr hаir - like
changing the соlоur. The second опе is of а group of children
sitting on the flооr.Тhеу'rе dressed up as princesses and оthеr
реор е. They аrе рrоЬаЬlу watching а рlау оr а реrfоrmеr at
а party. ln both plctures the реор е want to look different but
the main dlffеrепсе between them is that in the first picture
the woman Wants to change her арреаrапсе реrmапепtlу, to
feel Ьеttеr about hersell whereas in the second the chi drеп
аrе pretending to Ье а different реrsоп - just fоr fun, you
know! However, they all want to look good! As for how they
аrе feeling well, the wогпап at the hairdresser's looks а bit
Ьоrеd - perhaps itЪ taking а опg time!The children at the
party, оп the other hand, ook vеrу interested and the 9ir iп
the front is vеrу excited, Perhaps the play оr the entertalnment
is vеrу amusing оr surprlsing. would say that thеу'rе аll havlng
а good time!

I
134 iл"lрр;:г! iт:iг ilз*.t!.];:,]л icii:l
Жкчfr* Ж* ýрwжýеýнъg €*сus, &**ýwý*у ffi

The organisers of а youth сlчЬ want to offer some new evening classes. Here are some of the
classes they are considering. Talk to each other about why people might Ье interested in doing
these classes.
Now decide which class wоцld Ье the most popular.

Щgэ3t 4, Sреаkiяъg f*жuвж* &**frwý*у ffi

Student А: Yочr photos show people on holiday in different places. Compare the photos and say
why you think they have chosen to go to these different places on holiday.
Student В: Do you enjoy sightseeing?

Why have the people chosen to go to these different places оп holiday?

S*pport f*r ýр*аkiэзg Tests 135

 ,t:
t"$ нч f; ffi * -Ж
рашзm fi*fi шre gg $* * H* Hi *.ffi,*к*v, ý *у'F
There is going to Ье а new shopping centre in your area.
Here are some of the shops and services the deve]opers аrе thinking of putting in it. Talk to
each other about why these places might Ье good to have in а пеw shopping centre.
Now decide which two would Ье most popular.

Why mightthese
places Ье good
1 supermarket to have in а,пеw
shopping centre?

# r],'iffi

ii
tiiШ

-ff
Ьý r,к fi *; u,Ж рт**аиýя:fr нч g:*з ж ьк.ж u d\-H" *fi ъя fr $:у ф
ý*t rgi*sn* ý

These two photographs show people relaxing in different ways.lU like you to compare the
photographs and say why you think the people have chosen to relax in these ways.

Why have the people chosen to relax in these ways?

'l36 ý*pp*rt l*r ýp**ki*q T*stз

А class wants to give some money to а local bird sanctuary and needs to raise the mопеу.
Here are some ideas they аrе thinking about. Talk to each other about how useful these
ideas would Ье in raising money.
Now decide which two ideas the class should use.

How usefulwould
1 sponsored run these ideas Ье iп
raising mопеу?

second-hand book
sale at school
4 collecting rпопеу
in the town сепtrе

doing household
jobs for mопеу

: i, l :i.l''il,{,l l,.ll.i :l,. .1;11,1 ;',

Student А: Your pictures show different ways of stopping crime. Compare the pictures and
say how good these Ways are at stoppin9 crime.
Student В: Are there а lot of CCTV cameras in your town?

How good are these ways of stopping crime?

*Wýý

ý*pp,*ri {rrr ýp*;lki*g }est* 1з7

 ,fu., жfr' ifr- ,Sнз,r:*ж"$,*ir,tg1l fr],q:Bu,j;il;$t Д*, ; ,. i:: , "']

ýtr*d**t ý
Your photos show people who want to look their best. Compare the photos and
say how the people are feeling.

LJ *з fr
g*
Ф -'*ý рп.*, ;t,ýс, ý t т,ж Ё,'r.ъ +;: жн 4 tl fi у ff gч;,r fti
",уIiЧ1

Student В: Your photos show people doing different activities while they are оп holiday. Compare the
photos and say why you think they have decided to do these activities on holiday.
Student А: Do you send postcagds when you're on holiday?

Whу have the people decided to do these activities on holiday?

;."l,r".lT .'.,i;:,-',fi;, ,{'о ij'{ .:,. u*\t,.{.,о" i; i:

c_""l--_- n

Your photographs show people exercising iп different ways. lU like уоu to compare the
pictures and say what the advantages are of exercising in these ways.

What are the advantages of exercising in these ways?

1 38 ýýpp*st {*r ýpe*ki*g ý*sts

fuý*Ё* €ч %р*жý*fiжg Ёчжжынж* &**f;wý,*у ffi

Student В: Yочr photos show people living in different places. Compare the photos and
say why the peopIe have chosen to live in these different places.
Student А: Which place would you prefer to live in?

Why have the peopIe chosen to live in these different places?

&#шъЁ* ý $* ýp*akE*g f**жжп &**$чяfi*у ,S

Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer these exam questions.
1 Would you rаthеr spend time with friends or
famiy? lwhy?)
2 Do у,с,; have any important festivals in уоur аrеа?
3 What lvcu C Ье your idealjob? (Why?)
4 What do you see yourself doing iп five years'time?
5 Do you think it is better to have ап interesting job оr опе
that pays а lot of mопеу? (Why?)

fu#къý* * Эч ýр*аk3=аg f*з*ьшжч ,&**ýчеýЖу Ф

Student В: Your photographs show children learning аЬочt science in different ways. Compare the
photographs and say what sort of things the children might Ье lеаrпiпg.
Student А: Have уоч ever Ьееп to а science exhibition?

What sort of things might the children Ье learning?

ý*pp*rt i*r ýgз**kiпg T*stx 'l 39

 Шmit ý, ýrаmmаr f,сlcbxsn Aшtivýfiy & ilJrBýt Зо ý*ýstепf;r,иg еmd
Work in pairs. Choose опе of the jobs each and role-play ап VgсаЬшfiаrу fвсшsп
interview for the magazine. Think аЬочt the details of what Activity l0
you do and what sort of questions to ask уочr partner.
lmagine you organise an after-school
1 You organise ап after-school club. club.you want mоrе members. prepare
2 You organise social events for your class. а short presentation to give your group
3 You work part-time as а babysitter. about your club. Yоч should talk about
4 You volunteer to help elderly people iп уоur community. these things:
5 You give lessons to а neighbour's young child. . what your club does - activities
CompetitionS, etc.
[JrTit ?., ReadirTg fcrcuso Activity t . whеп it meets and how mапу members
there аrе
Апsляrеrs tO qLiiu . Why it is the best club to join

1с 2А зв 4с
When everyone in your group has
spoken, vote on the club you would like
&Jпflt ?, Lýs* сэf ffirтgýlsЁ fш*шsо Actfivýty ý to join - it can't Ье your own!
ýtшdегrt А
Choose from one of the following clubs or
Read ап extract from ап article. Choose eight words to invent your оwп.
blank out. Тhеп give your gap-fill exercise to Student В to
complete. Complete the gap-fill that Student В gives you. cookery ballroom dancing
jogging archaeology
book travel film

Шrтlt ýо\ffrýtf;mý fýcuý,

Have you ever thought about all the different rvorlds that &**iwýty ý
exist in оurs? We read а lot about the type of worlds
plan а survival drama film. Think about
that tiny animals live in. Like ants with their iпсгеdiЬlе
these things:
nests and marvellous systems fоr communicating and
tгansporting things - оr bees with their complicated . think of а situation
beehives and social relationships, People have always . outline the story
been fascinated Ьу tiny worlds. Young children enjoy . discuss where you would film this
playing with doll's houses whеrе eveгything is much . who you would like to act tn it
smaller than in our big grоwп-uр world. And mапу
Then present your ideas to the class and
adults love building model villages for toy trains to гuп
vote on the most popular idea.
through!This interest in tiщz things,is often the subject of
both children's and adults'books. Тhеrе is the wопdеrfцl
stоrу of Gulliver Ьу Jonathan Swift, wЪо visited а place tJnit [ýn Srаmrfi&r fm*шs,
called Lilliput whеrе all the people wеrе чеrу, чеrу small. Actývity ?
The story waý wтitten а long time ago Ьut а new film
stаrгiпg Jack Black саmе out in 2010. Watch it next Аrзswеrs to quiz
Wednesday evening оп Channel 5. 1с 2с зА 4с 5в бв

140 (or-nmu*lcationactivities
 Unit l0 Grаmmаr fосчs, Uпit 6, Grаmmаr focrrs,
Activity В Activity ý
Work in pairs and follow the instructions. Work in pairs. You are making the rules
1 Describe а famous restaurant оr hotel iп your country to for people living in а student residence.
уоur раrtпеr. Each person has his/her own room
2 Listen to уоur раrtпеr and take notes. and bathroom, but everyone shares
3 Tell а пеw раrtпеr about the place уоur раrtпеr described. Make cooking facilities.
sure to use the correct articles iп уоur descriptions.
4 Vote on the best place to eat. Make rules for the following.
. music and noise
Unit 5, Use of Ёnglish focus, Activity 6 . Quiet times'
. the kitchen and сооkiпg facilities
Work in pairs and follow the instructions. . visitors and guests
1 Read the article about'freegans'and choose tеп words to take . сlеапiпg up
out to make а gap-fill. . shared fridges
2 Exchange your gapped text with another pair and see if you . cleaning the stairs and the corridors
chose the same words. Discuss why you decided to choose
these words. Compare your rules with another pair.
3 What do you think is the best way to stop people wasting so
much food? Why? 9-
Uпit 7, Grаmmаr focus,
Activity 7
Complete the sentences iп your own
words. Тhеп think of fочr more sentence
starters of your оwп and exchange them
with а partner for him/her to complete.
1 lf l had а bad headache, ...
2 lf l ate three chocolate bars every day, ...
3 lf l didn't do much exercise, ...
4 lf l saw а саr accident, ,..
Тhе other evening l saw а documentary about people
5 lf my friend hurt his leg апd couldn't walk ..
who try to live as cheaply as possible. Опе couple 6 lf my dad didn't have а car, ...
searched through bins behind supermarkets еvеry
evening looking fоr stuff that had been thrоwп away
LJnit 9, ýrаmmаr focus,
that was still ОК to eat! People like this аrе sometimes
called 'Frееgапs'and they аrе not опlу people who
llctivity 9
аrе рооr and need to save mопеу but also those who Go rочпd the class and find someone
think that оur society today wastes far too much food. who Ьу this time next уеаr
This is опе way of protesting against this. Apparently,
,|
will have taken an important ехаm.
mоrе than а third of the wоrldЪ food is thrown away! 2 will still Ье studying English.
This problem has Ьееп getting а lot worse recently. 3 won't Ье living iп this town апуmоrе.
4 will have passed his/her driving test.
Some реорlе say that this is рагtlу due to all the
5 will have 9опе to ап English-speaking
promotions in supermarkets. People аrе encouraged
coUntry.
to buy mоrе than they need with оffеrs like'Buy two, 6 will have Ьееп abroad on holiday.
get two frее'. They can't eat it all and then hаче to 7 will Ье studying а пеw subject.
throw it away. Mind you, not ечеryопе would enjoy 8 will have bought а пеw computer.
spending their time going thrоugh bins of food! |

don't think itЪ for me!

Communicationagtivities 141
 Unit 8, Grаrпmаr focus, Unit l 0rYосаЬчlаrу focus,
Activity 8 Activity 7
Answer the questions. Тhеп compare your Work in pairs. Read the task and have
answers with а partner. the discussion.
What do you have done regularly? There is going to Ье а new set of stamps for your
Ехаmрlе: l have mу hair cut every mопth.
country showing important счltчrаl images.
2 What do rich people have done that you do yourself? Discuss what they could put оп the stamps.
3 What has someone you know had done fоr Think about these ideas.
them recently?
. а poet/composer or novelist
. а national dish
Unit 9, Grпmmаr fосчs, . an item of clothing
. а famous singer оr band
Activity 7 . а building or landmark (sight)
Work iп pairs and fol]ow the instructions. . а painter оr sculptor
. а place of natural beauty
Read this list оf questions about shopping and write
two more questions of your оwп.
2 Change partners and ask five ofthe questions. lJnit ý, Listening апdVосаЬчlаrу
3 Return to уоur first раrtпеr апd tell him/her what you
learnt from your interview. Ч...
focus, Activity l
Do you think that in the future we'll опlу use credit Give yourself 2 points for each of the answers
cards and по cash? where уоч agree with the statement.
Do you think we'll Ье аЬlе to buy everything from
vending machines?
16-20 You аrе the ideal product of the consumer society.
You want everything that is пеw and expensive
Will уоu use vending machines like these?
and you Want it now.
Do you think поrmаl shops will disappear?
10-14 You сап Ье persuaded Ьу advertising and are
Do you think we'll buy mоrе оr fewer things опliпе in influenced Ьу brands and fashion magazines.
the future?
4-8 You sometimes buy consumer items, but опlу if
you think |t is justified.
Unit l0n Grаmmаr focus, 0-2 You аrе the advertiserЪ worst nightmare. You are

Activity 7 рrоЬаЬlу mean with yourself and others. You аrе

not much fun to l|ve with, either.
]

Answer the questions. Start your answer with а r

relative clause. Then соmраrе your answers with Unit l0, Usе of Ёnglish focus,
а partner.
Activity 3
Ехаmрlе:Тhе film (that) l have sееп most оftеп is ..,
1 Which film have you seen most often? Work in pairs.Tell уочr partner about the last
2 Which celebrity do you most admire? time you
3 Which singer is most famous in your country? 1 made а mistake iп English.
4 Which instrument do you wish you could play? 2 did someone а favour,
5 Which is the most beaut|ful building you have 3 made ап excuse that wasn't true.
ечеr seen? 4 did the cooking.
6 Which TV programme would you hate to miss? 5 made а wish.
7 Which songs do you listen to most often? 6 didn't do your homework.
8 Which restaurant in уоur аrеа is the most expensive? 7 made the most of а difficult situation.
8 made some mопеу Ьу selling something.

142 Cornmunicationactivitieý
{# pt t,li; fi * - {,} ij",ig ЁjЁ} F*fl,t Ё:н.р,,,,,i.{'t,* цп {ltl ,., ;, i;: :t:.;l,,i,:, ',,.дj:ъ
"
.,_lth-,q: {:i Hi utД'Ё ,а{h**til*яfi:Щу ,S

Work in pairs. Look at the pictures of fashions from Work iп 9rочрs. Yоч must decide which scientist
the past and from today. Make guesses about was most important. Choose опе scientist
what it was/is like to wear the clothes. each and discuss why your scientist was more
important than the others. Think about
. the good and bad uses made from hеr work.
. the difficult]es she had to face at the time.

L-$ уъ .i * ф -# lt^aа гT;,* ý",}"t Ё:*" $* flfl} {i ý",ý s,

*
lъj
-Г'Т;Тдdi:\+ .tl}.

}tý{ý*** ý\

А m*лih аýо the ýrоwп tamrly, who live in

tý} , harl an exciling ехрегiепсе.
lt was evening and аftеr ciinnerTina was lгl ihe
kitchen. ýhg was {2}
while her husband, Гrапk, was watching а
{ý} оп tэ,ечtstоl; upstairs
th*lг уоuпg daughle r wаs asleep iп hег гооm
and therr son, Маrk, lvas doing some
hоrпеwоrk on hrs соmýutsг" The weather hacj

I4l with а lot of sunshine

al] tlау
апС very high tеmреrаtuг*ý, Ноwечеr, towa:ds
the епd of the аftеrпооп the hsat sterted to
get uncomfortable. Тhеп it began to гаiп чеrу
noal,iir;
,,g(trv,:y, ltrl ]ooksd out of the
tgl
kitchen window апсl saw big зtоrm clouds in
the sky. The Вrоwп's dog, Tilly, wаs in tý}
butt sutjtle nly thеге was а loud
crack of 1huncler апd she rап iпtо the house
Аflеr а lew mоmепtзТiпа saw lightning in the
sky апd then {7} Frапk
was аппOуеd because the 1eleviýjоn had gопе
off too, Mark shouted frоrп his rосm because
his сопрutеr wasn'! wоrl<iпg. Then lhey heard
ЬаЬу {ý} сгуiпg, Гrапk went
LрSlаirý tc сопrfоrt ihe iэаЬу but aS he сlirпiэеd
the statrs there was зп eпогrпоus cl,ash and
lho house see;rr*d to shak*. Ггапk ran into
Ruth's rоопl апd he saw {ý}
А big 1r*е irоm their gаrсiеп had clashec]
thгough the гооf апd lnto Rчlh'з lоопr! Luckily
it tTissed the balэy Ьу jt:st {ýý}
What а паггоw escape!
:]::]::::::::::]]:::]]]]]]]]]

C**r:T,lu*ic*tis}!з*ctivit!*s 14з
 Umf;t fr* LJsе Btr ЖшgЁýжýз f**uхжu Жmý8 4, ffirmmffiý&ý" f*скхж*
&**ýwЁ*у ý &**ýчлý*у S
ýtчdепt ý ýtudcnt ý
Read ап extract from ап article. Choose eight words to
blank out. Then give your gap-fill exercise to student
А month ago the (1} . .. ....
А to complete. Complete the gap-fillthat Student А .

gives you. family, who live iп Lyndhurst, had ап

exciting ехрегiепсе. lt was evening
and аftег diппеr (2t ,, was
iп the kitchen, She was making а
cup of coffee while hеr husband,
{з) was watching а
comedy рrоgгаmmе оп television.
And then there's the magical wогld of The Borrowers, а |
Upstairs their young daughter was
Ьу Маrу Norton which has also hееп
stоrу ЬУ
StОrу made intn
been mяrlе into asleep in her rооm and their son,
several films. We all lose things ечегу day like buttons,
- lVlark, was t4} ,,,,,,,,,,,,, оп
socks, pens and so on. Whеrе do they go? The books trу .
his computer, The weather had been
toexplainthis.TheBоrrowеrsа,eаtйyrасеofp.opI. very good all day with а lot of sunshine
who live in оur houses. uпdеr оur flооrs. They take lots апd чеrу high tеmреrаturеs. Ноwечеr,
of littte things to use in their wоrlё"А matchbox might towards {5) tba
ьесоrпе а bed, а piece of chocolate might Ье а dessert
: fоr heat started to get uпсоmfоrtаЬ|е. Then
а whole family! The books аrе very сlечег and imaginative '

it Ьеgап to гаiп чеrу heavily. Тiпа looked

and it is no surргisе that the Ввс made yet апоthеr film ; out of the kitchen window and saw
version last Уеаr. If you missed it when it саmе out there .-

{6} in the sky. The

is another chance to see it this week. Remember that key
Вrоwп's dog, Tiliy, was iп the back
you lost? Watch оп Tiresday and реrhарs youlll find out } gаrdеп but suddenly thеrе was а loud
ТV series /ri а small и,orld
whеrе it Went! ItЪ part of the сrасk of thuпdеr and she {7}
which starts tоmоrrоw and continues fоr six weeks.
I
. Аftег а few momentsTina

(.,_А saw lightning iп the sky and then all the

lights went off, {S} .,,.... .,.....,... . was
annoyed because the television had
ý--ýу*** ýrY*саЬьхýшrрс effi d ýЁstеr* ýшъg gone off too, lИаrk shouted fгоm his
f**B"Bsu &сtýwýtу ý rооm because his computer wasn't
working. Then they hеаrd ЬаЬу Ruth
The mеапiпg of уоur three favourite animaIs:
'lst This is the animal you think you аrе most like.
сгуiпg. Frапk went upstairs to соmfоrt
the ЬаЬу but as he climbed the stairs
2nd This is what other people think you are like.
there was t9) and
Зrd This is what you аrе really likel
the house seemed to shake, Frапk rап
into Ruth's rооm and he saw ап amazing
sight. (10)
]

frоm their gаrdеп

had crashed through the rооf апd into
Ruth's rооm! Luckily it missed the
ЬаЬу Ьу just half а metre. What а
паrrоw escape!

\
\Ф
142 Ct nunication activitieý
UNIT l ргеsепt continuous
1.1 Present simple and FОRМ The present fоrm of Ье + the -iпg form of the чеrЬ
(present participle).
present continuous Contracted forms: /iT (lam),you're (you are), he's/she's (he/she

рrеsепt simple i9, i* (it i9, we're (we are), they're (they are), + -iпg fоrm.

FоRм USE We use the present continuous to talk about

positive statements 1 actions hаррепiпg right now at the moment
of speaking.
lПоu/WеПhеу live iп Lопdоп.
Сiпdу is making lunch.
He/She/lt lives iп Lопdоп,
Negative statements
2 temporary situations that аrе happening around now.

lПоuПVе/Тhеу dоп't live iп Lопdоп.

l usually work iп the Lопdоп office, but this mопth l аm
working iп the Bristoloffice.
HdShdlt doesn't live iп Lопdоп,
3 changing оr developing situations.
Questions
The cost of living is gоiпg up.
Do l/yoйwelthey live iп Lопdоп?
Does hdshe/it live iп Londor#.-
4 personal plans and arrangements iп the future.
lam seeing Gеmmа this еvепiпg.
shortansweв
Yes, Vyou/wdthey do.
No,lSou/wdthey don't.
1.2 YеrЬ patterns
Yes, hdshelit does. -ing fогm (the gегчпd)
No, hdshdit doesn't. FОRМ The -iпg form (gerund) is the fоrm of а чеrЬ when
USE We usethe present simple it is used like а noun, e.g, l епjоу listening to music,
1 with habb, routines оr regular repeated actions (often USE We use the gerund
with adverbs of frequency, e.g. always, sometimes, 1 as the subject ofa sentence.
everyweek)-
Smoking is bad for you.
go to gуm every Friday еvепiпg.
l the
2 after certain verbs; ачоld, risk, mеоп, miпd.
Не doesn'teatfish.
Do you miпd орепiпg the window? lt is very
They оftеп play tеппis at the weekend. hot iп here,
2 when we are talking about permanent situations. 3 after verbs that ехрrеss strong likes and dis|ikes, е.9.
We livе iп а smallvillage. adore, love, hate,.detest.
Do you work here? l hate shоррiпg iп supermarkets where they play
3 with'state'verbs which аrе not usually used in loud music.
continuous forms: Ье, Ьеlопg, have, depend, kпоw, оwп, 4 after prepositions, verbs and adjectives followed
think, understond, wапt, hеаr, love, see, smell, toste. Ьу prepositions, and phrasal verbs, e.g. before, after;
This soup tastes Stronge. succeed iп, depend оп, tired of, interested iп; lookforward
Does this bag Ьеlопg to you? to, carry оп.

l don't kпоw what she wants. Before leaving home,l always checkthat l have mу
4 iп spoken instructions.systems and processes.
keys апd mobile.

You take the underground to Grееп Park апd thеп you Would you Ье interested iп going to the
catch о bus to Кепsiпgtоп High Street. сiпеmо tonight?

First of ollyou select the item you wапt to buy апd you We are loaking forword to seeing you аgаiп,
put it iп уоur basket. Whеп you are ready to рау you
click оп checkout,

Grаmmаr reference 145

 infinitive with to position of adverbs of frеqчепсу
FоRм The rо form of the чеrЬ. Adverbs of frequency come аftеr the чеrЬ rо Ье.
usE we use the full infinitive не is often late for work.
'l after some verbs, e.g. want, пееd, decide, expect, refuse, Опе and two-word adverbs of frequency generally
pretend, wопt, hope. соmе between the subject and the main verb, and
between modal verbs and the mаiп чеrь.
lwantto use the cor tonight.
2 after some adjectives pleased, happy.
we sometimes wotchTv iп the аftеrпооп.
You сап пever/hardly ever fiпd а seot during the
l оm pleased to meet you.
rush hour.
3 to express purpose.
After а negative statement , very оftеп/аil that оftеп
She borrowed sоmе moneyto buy а пеw computer.
usually goes at the end ofthe sentence.
Не used two оlоrm clocks so as поt to wake up late.
We don't go to the сiпеmа very оftеп/аll that оftеп.
4 After verbs that convey an idea of the future, e.g. рlоп,
Sometimes, usually апd occasionally сап come at the
expect, hope.
beginning of а sentence followed Ьу а соmmа.
She hopes to study medicine whеп she leaves school.
Sometimes, we go to the beach ofter school.
5 After verbs with two objects, e,g. епсоurаgе.
Тhrее- and four-word expressions 9о at the beginning
They encouraged him to епtеr the competition. or the end of the sentence. They cannot go between
the subject and the mаiп verb, or а modal and the
iпfiпitiче without to main чеrЬ.

FоRм The infinitive Without rо. Ч,- Now апd аgаiп/апсе iп awhile/From timetatime,
we eat out at the wееkепd.
usE we use the infinitive without ro
поw апd оgоiп/опсе iп а
'l after modal verbs сап, must, should, would, will.
We eat out at the weekend
while/from time to time,
l'll meet you outside the station.
2 Aftersomeexpressions,e.g. hadbetter,would rather,let\.
ltЗ gоiпg to rоiп. You'd better take оп umbrella.
3 After certain verbs that аrе followed Ьу ап object, e.g.
moke,let.
She let him stay up lote,

Ехргеssiопs of fгеqчепсу
We use adverbs of frequency and expressions of frequency
to say how often we do something, оr how often
Somethin9 happens.
We use questions beginning with How оftеп.

аdчегЬs оffгеqчепсу
Соmmоп adverbs of frequency include:
096.i,:,. .lj ,.,:.:.'::',.]',: .._ :., ,,,, ,:',:_ .':,'-',' ,"' ,,,]. ,. ' ' ,1ОO9ф

пеVеr rаrеlу occasionally sometimes qUite often usually always

hardly often
еVеr

146 Grammar reference

i]
UNlт 2 Z,2 Past slrnple, uýed to and
2.1 Рrеsепt per,fiect and Wourd
past simple Past simple
Ргеsепt регfесt simple FОRМ Verb + -ed (watch out fоr irreguIar verb forms).

FОRМ Subject + have/has + past participle. USE We use the past simple
USE We use the present perfect simple 1 to talk about events in the past which are now finished.

1 to talk about experiences or events that happened

she wепt to Flоrепсе last mопth.
at some time in the past, The exact time that they 2 to talk about а situation in the past,
happened is unknown оr unimportant. Whеп Сёliпе was а child, she sрепt eoch summer with
Have you ever visited Scotland? her grandparents.

l'vе sееп this film before. 3 to talk about а сlеаr sequence ofevents iп the past.
2 to talk about situations that have continued frоm some They had lunch, got iп the car апd drove hоmе.
time in the past until поw. 4 iп reported speech (for mоrе information on reported
How lопg have уоч supported that tеаm? speech, see page 155).
We use for to talk about а period of time, e.g. slx she said she kпеw our cousins.
months, oges, mу whole life, hundreds of years.
We've had this саr for three years. Uýed to
We use sиce to talk about а spgcific point iп the past, FoRM
e.g. six otlжk, l wos а ch i l d, 2006, l а st Tu esd ау. positive statements
l'vе kпоwп Solly siпсе we met at university. used to + iпfi n itive without го

watch out! we often need to look at the context Negative statements

to Understand which meaning the рrеsепt didn't use го + infinitive without ro
perfect expresses.
Questions
l've Ьееп а student herefor six months,
(l am stilla student.) Did you/he/she/it they use rо + infinitive without rо
l'vе Ьееп о student- short answer
(l was а student at some time in the past.) Yes,l/we/he/she/it/they used to. Yes, l did, No,1 didn't,
studied there frоm 2009 to 20l
l l ,
USE We use used to to talk about past habits and states that
(а finished period iп the past)
don't happen now оr по |onger exist.
when we аrе describing repeated actions that have l used to play footballtwice а week, but l had to stop
continued from some time in the past until поw. whеп linjured mу kпее.
l've Ьееп to the сiпеmо three times this week. l didn't use to like olives whеп l wos уоuпg, but поw l
with certain adverbs. love thеm.
We often use eyer, пеvеr, olready,jusr and уеr with the watch очt! we do not use used rо with а definite time or
present perfect (not the past simple).
as ап alternative to the past 5imple.
Д Have you ever Ьееп to Cairo? lasedto4ive (/iyed) there fоr three years.
В No, l hoven't. lп fact, l've пеvеr Ьееп obroad, Last night lаsеd+оЕо (wепt) to the сiпеmа,
Д Why оrеп't you doing your homework?
В Because we hove already finished it. would
The post has just arrived. We use would + infinitive without rо for past habits.
We use уеt in questions and negative sentences. Му grandfother would саmе hоmе frоm work, he would
д Hove you tried that recipeyet? sit Ьу the firе апd drink а cup of teo.

В No, поt yet, l hаvеп't hod the timе. watch out! we cannot use would + infinitive to talk
about past states. We need to use used rо.

Hewoa4-be thiп whеп he wos уоuпgеr.

Не used to Ье thin whеп he wa; уоuпgеr.

Grаmrпаr reference 147

 UNIT 3 апу
3.1 countable and чпсочпtаьlе We use спу with plural countable nouns, and uncountable
nouns in negative sentences and questions,
почпý Oh dear, there оrеп't спу biscuits left!

countable nouns Doyou have апу boots lcould borrow?

She didп't have апу odvice to give mе,
А countable поuп is а separate unit that сап Ье easily
counted. With mоrе than опе we сап make them plural Ьу ls there апу petrol iп the соr?
adding -s.
watch out! we сап пеvеr use a/an with
Some plurals are irregular, e.g. fооr -+ feet, реrsоп -+ people. uncountable nouns.
Could l ask you for аrriп{оrmаtiап, please?
uпсоuпtаьlе почпs Could laskyou for some/a piece of iпfоrmаtiоп, please?
Uncountable nouns аrе things that we cannot count, оr сап
опlу count with difficulty, оr abstract поuпs or ideas. We sеуеrоl mапу, а few
cannot make them plural.These include
We use severol, mапу апd с with countable поuпs.
. liquids and masses, е.9. oll cheese, petro[ sugar.We
fеrлz

Whеп l got to the doctor's there were already several

сап measure them or weigh them but we cannot
people iп front of mе.
count them.
. things which аrе difficult to separate or count, How mапу children are аЬsепt todoy? Not mапу.
e.g. hair, spaghetti. Were there mапу people atthe сопсеrt?
. abstract nouns, e.g. iпfоrmаtiоп, оф.е-r, hoppiness, Дftеr all these years the still has а few loyal fans.
knowl ed g е, l uck, adv i се, п ew s.

Watch Out! Some uncountable nouns in English are muсh, о little

countable iп other languages. we use much and а /ittle with uncountable nouns.
We сап often make mапу uncountable nouns appear There's а little milk left iп the jug iп the fridge.

countable Ьу using о piece of;a bottle/tin/jar/cup/litre/kilo of How muсh mопеу will we пееd to take with us?
before them. We пееd to hurry up, there isn't muсh time left.
l heard оп interesting piece of information from
Melaniethis mоrпiпg.
Iots of о lot о[
ld like а litre of olive oil, pleose.
We use tots of/a /orofwith plural countable and
Fоr this rесiре you'll пееd three cups of flour.
uncountable nouns.
There were lots of/a lot of people tryiпg to buy tickets.
3.2 Expressions of quantity There's а lot of food left over from the party, we'll hove
to eat it пехt week.
аlап
We use а/ап with singular, countab|e поuп5.
Не has got о brother апd оп older sister.

some
we use some with
. plural countable nouns and the plural form of the verb.
There are same apples iп the bowl.
. uncountable nouns and the singular form of the verb.
There is some iпfоrmаtiоп you пееd to give us.
. requests and оfГеrs.
Could you get same milk whеп you go to the shops?

148 Grammar reference

3.3 Present perfect simple апd UNIT 4
continuous 4.1 Narratiye tenýeý
Ргеsепt регfесt simple Past simple
Fоr notes оп the present perfect simple, see page 147. Fоr notes оп the past simple, see page 147.
We usually use the past simple to give the mаiп sequence
Ргеsепt регfесt continuous of events iп а story The пехt mоrпiпg, Jеппifеr got up early,
FоRм packed her bag апd set off for the cove.
positive statements
Subject + hos/have+ Ьееп + verb + -lпg (present participle)
past continuous
Question FORM was/were + verb + -lпg (present participle)
How lопg has/have he/she/it/you/they + Ьееп +verb + -iпg USE We use the past continuous
Hos/Have he/she/it/you/they Ьееп +verb + -iпg 1 to talk about actions iп progress in the past and to'set
the scene'at the beginning of а narrative.
short answers
shining опd young
lt was а lovely day, the suп was
Yes, h e/s hdit has; l/we/you/they h ove. couples were walking hапd iп hапd through the pork.
No, hdshe/it hasnt; l/wdyou/they h oven't. Д mоthеr апd her children were feeding the ducks.
USE We use the present perfect continuous 2 to talk about ап event that was in progress when
1 to talk about activities which started iп the past and another event happened.
continue iп the present. 9- ,
l was walking through the wood whеп l fell over о
l've Ьееп stuфiпg since three otlock this оftеrпооп. root апd hurt mу leg.

2 to talk about repeated actions up to the present.
We'ye Ьееп trying to call Мiriаm oll day, but thеrеЗ
поопswеr.
3 to focus оп ап activity rаthеr than а quantity/result. Fоr
а quantity/result we use the present perfect simple.
While l was walking through the wood, lfell over а
root апd hurt mу leg.
3 to talk about actions in progress at the same time.
While we were рrераriпg the food, the others were
decorating the rооm.

She has Ьееп making records for l5 years. (= present

реrfесt continuous, focuses оп the activity)
She has mаdе l l records. (= рrеsепt perfect simple,
focuses оп the result)
Past регfесt simple
FОRМ Subject + had + past participle
USE We use the past реrfесt simple
1 to show that an action happened at а time еаrliеr than
апоthеr action iп the past.
Whеп we fiпаllу orrived at the station the troin had
already left.
2 to make it сlеаr that ап action is out of sequence. The
past perfect makes the order of the actions clear.
дftеr we had еаtеп luпсh, we wепt for а walk.
we wепt for о wolk after we had еаtеп luпсh,
 4.2 Time phrases os soon os
We use а5 5ооп cs to introduce something that happened
ofter, ofterwords immediately after something else happened.
we use after апd ofterwards to talk about опе action As soon as we orrived we took а taxi to the hotel,
hаррепiпg after another,
Дftеrwаrds is followed Ьу а phrase in the past simple. Ьу the time
we watched а film оп Tv. дfterwards we wепt out for
We use bythetimeto mеап'поt laterthan the momentthat
о pizza.
something happensi
Дftеr |s followed Ьу -lпglпоuп phrase оr the past perfect. get home.
l expect your rооm to Ье tidy Ьу the time l
Дftеr сlеапiпg the house, l wепt out for а walk.
After l had сlеопеd the house, l wепt out fоr а wolk.
4.3 Subject/Obiect qчеýtiопs
watch out! we use afterwords/after that between the
We сап ask questions about the object.
first and following actions in а sequence.
А Who did Jasmine speoktoyesterdoy?
Don't use cfter Ьеtwееп the two actions, as it is unciear
which happened first.
В She spoketo Martin.
We сап ask questions about the subject.

whеп, while, during, cs

А Who sowthefilm last night?
В Sопуа saw it.
We use while, during and as to talk about actions happenin9
at the same time. obiect questions
. Whileis usually followed Ьу the ра|tёопtiпuоus to
То form object questions, we use the auxiliary verb and
talk about actions that were in progress over а period
inverted word оrdеr (auxiliary verb + subject +
of time.
main verb).
While Steven was lоуiпg the table, Саrоliпе wos
Where do you live?
сооkiпg the meal.
. Whеп and cs аrе usually followed Ьу the past simple.
The expected answer is the object.
0 live) iп Santiago.
whеп she saw her паmе оп the list, she shouted
with joy.
Дsthе suп wепt down, it Ьесаmе suddenly cold.
subject questions
. Duriпg is followed Ьу а поuп that describes ап event
. То form subject questions we don't use the auxiliary
оr period. чеrЬ and we don't сhапgе the order ofthe subject and
verb.The word оrdеr is the same as it is for statements.
We hod а fаsсiпаtiпg сопvеrlаtiоп during the journey.
Who gave you thot lovely scarf?
During the millions of mеп joined
different armies,
First World Wor
. The expected answer is the subject.
sara (gave itto mе).
Watch Out! Don't use during to talk about а length of
time. lnstead, use for.
We talked dating three hours,

we talked for three hours.

15о Grammar reference

UF|Iт 5 5.2 Ье шsеd to/get elýed to
ý. I Fшturе fоrrпs FORM be/get used to + noun/verb + -lпg
FORMS ttzll/ + infi nitive USE
gоiпg to + infinitive without tо 1 we use Ье used rо to talk about situations and habits
present continuous that were опсе unfamiliar or difficult, but that are поw
familiar and easy.
present simple
Whеп l саmе to Епglапd lwоsп't used to driving оп
UsE
the left. (lt was difficult because l wasn't accustomed
1 We use rлzil/ + infinitive without rо to driving оп the left.)
. for predicting something that we know оr believe we Now,l'm used to drivinE iп Епglопd. (lt is easy and l

know something about. We often use it with thИk, am now accustomed to it,)
hope, expect, believe,
2 We use get used го to talk about the process of
lthinkRachelwill getthe job, (She has the right developing а habit.
qualifi cations and experience.)
got used to driving оп the left. (At first it was
.
l
to express spontaneous or sudden decisions taken at difficult, but оvеr time l Ьесаmе accustomed to
the mоmепt of speaking. driving оп the left.)
Don't order о taxi - l'll takeyou to the Station.
Watch Очt! Do not confuse be/get used Го with used to +
Watch Очt! We can't use going to iп this case. infinitive without rо, Fоr notes on used to, see page 147.

2 We use gоiпg го + infinitive чithout rо

. for predicting something we сап see, feel or hеаr some
evidence of поw.
Look ot those clouds, it's gоiпg to rain.

Watch Очt! We can't use the present continuous iп

this case.

. to ta|k about things that have аlrеаdу been decided,

e.g. plans and arrangements made Ьеfоrе the moment
ofspeaking.
We're going to hove а surprise раrtу for Mum's
fiftieth Ьiпhdау.

Watch Out! We сап't use й// + infinitive without tо in

this case.

3 We use the present continuous to taIk about реrsопаl

plans and arrangements.
We're sрепdiпg пехt wееkепd with Eric апd Sophie,
(ltЪ оurown personal plan.)

Watch out! We can't USe й// + infinitive without го in

this case.

4 We use the present simple to talk about arrangements

that are determined Ьу timetables and рrоgrаmmеs.
Her course begins пехt mопth.
The пехt trоiп to Cambridge leaves from platform З.

Gramrnar reference 151

 UNIT 6 irrеgчlаг соmрагаtiче and suрегlаtiче
adjectives
6.1 Making comparisons
There are three types of comparison. These are the most соmmоп irregular forms.

1 to а higher degree (comparative form + thап) good -+ better -+ best

paolo is taller thап Вrчпо. bod -+ worse --> worst

This book is mоrе interesting thап that опе. far -+ further --> furthest

2 to the same degree (cs ... as)

petra's results were better thап miпе, but Bella's were
the best.
She's as intelligent as her sister.
Непrу's tеmреr is worse thоп his brotherЗ, but his
3 to а lower degree (with /ess + thап) (поr + as ... os)
sbfer3 Ь the worst,
The book is less interesting thап the film.
Jason lives further from the school thап kate, but
This dress isп't as expensive/nice as the other опе. George lives the furthest away.

соmрагаtiче and superIative fогms of talking about а small ог lаг8е diffеrепсе

adjectives то talk about а small difference use d little, а bit
1 With one-syllable adjectives апd Ыightly.
add -er and -е5r to fоrm the comparative We feel а bit mоrе сопfidепt todoy thоп we
апd superlative. did yesterday.

Му uпсlе is older thап mу father" .,

То talk about а large difference, use о lot, much апd far.
SаЬiпе is the youngest girl iп the class. The hotel was far mоrе expensive thоп we thought.

Fоr one-syllable adjectives ending iп а vowel + With nof ds... d5, use пеаrlу |otalk about а
consonant, double the consonant and add -er/-est. large difference.
big -+ bigger --> biggest She isn't пеаrlу as пiсе os her sister.
Fоr one-syllable adjectives endin9 in -е add -rand -sr.
(= her sister is much nicer)

пiсе -+ пiсеr -+ nicest With поt ds . . . ds, use quite lo talk about а

2 With two-syllable adjectives

small difference.
quite as good as their last опе.
Their пеw sопg isn't
Add -er and to fоrm the comparative and
-е5r
(= their last song was а little bit better)
superlative of mапу two-sylIable adjectives.
The second question is harder thоп the first опе.
The last опе is the hardest.
Fоr adjectives ending in -у, add -ier and -iest.
heavy -+ heavier -+ heaviest
3 With three-syllable adjectives
use rnore and rhe rпоsr, /ess and the least.
The play we saw last night was more епjоуаЬlе than
the опе we saw last week,
lt is the moяt interesting book l have ever reod.

j
l
l
з

i 152 Grammar reference

i.
1
6,2 Modals of obligation and UNIT 7
necessity 7.1 Zerorfirst and ýecCInd
we use musr
to talk about strong obligations that come frоm
conditionals
the speaker.
conditional sentences сопtаiп а condition clause and а
main,/result clause. The condition clause сап come at the
must рау that bill before they cut off mу рhопе.
l
beginning or the end ofthe sentence.
to make а strong recommendation.
you must see her latest film, it's wonderful. zего conditional
Watch Очt! Avoid using rпusr to tell other people what FОRМ /f + present simple + present simple iп the
to do. You can арреаr rude. |t is better to use hdуе rо or main clause.
you пееd to/ I d like you to,
usE we use the zero conditional to talk about what
always happens/a natural consequence.There is по real
There is по past form of musг. We use hod to instead to condition,
talk about ап obligation iп the past.
lf you leave ice iп the sunshine, it melts.
Whеп I was at school we had to go for а ruп
every mоrпiпg.
fiгst conditional
2 We use rnusrnt to tell people not to do
things (prohibition). FОRМ /f + present simple + й// for future in the
mаiп clause.
You mustn'ttouch that switch,you could get ап
electric shock 9_,
usE we use the first conditional
We use have to to talk about duties and obligations, . to talk about something that is likely to happen if
Something happens fi rst.
l'm а shop assistont. l have to serve customers апd
keep the shop tidy, lf l poss mу driving test, l'lltake еvеrуопе out for
а drive.
hove to fill iп а fоrm
You
а course.
if you wont to apply fоr
. to make threat or promise.
а
;
l
ii
lf you dоп't give mе mу bike back, l'll tell mу dad.
We use пееd to to talk about duties and requirements.
l'll buy you ап ice сrеаm if you're good. l
You пееd to Ье over l В if you wапt to join.
we сап also use whеп/аs sооп as instead of ifwhen we
We use dоп't have rо when there is по obligation or
are sure that something is going to happen.
something isnt necessary.
Дs sооп оsМhеп they orrive, we'll have lunch,
You don't have to Ьriпg sandwiches, luпсh is provided.
we use didn't haverо to talk about а situation iп the
past where there was по obligation. second conditional
We didn't have to wolk hоmе ofter the party, Poty FОRМ /f + past simple + would, could, etc., in the
gave us а lift. mаiп clause.
We use should to talk about weak obligations. usE we use the second conditional
You should stop smoking. (l have по power to make . to talk about something the speaker believes is
you stop.) unIikely to happen,

We use supposed to to talk about rules that people аrе lf you stopped smoking, you'd save о lot of mопеу.
expected to follow, but which are often not respected. (but l don't think you'll stop)

You're поtsupposed to Ьriпg drinks iпtо the computer

. to talk about something that is entirely imaginary,
rооm. (People do this anyway.) unreal оr untrue.
lwould Ьап cars if l ruled the woild. (but l will never
rule the wor|d)

Grammar reference 153

 Т.2 uпrеýý, otherwiýe, proyided UNIT 8
thct Fоrms of the paýýive
unIess FОRМ Appropriate tense of Ье + past participle
Present simple The rubbish is collected опсе а week,
Uлlеss has the mеапiпg of except/if пог. lt comes in the
condition clause.
We'il have а рiспiс uпlеss it ralns. (lf it doesn't rain, Present Steve is Ьеiпg sееп Ьу the doctor.

we'll have а picnic.) continuous

Past simple Thevasewos Ьrоkеп duriпg the party.
оthеrиЪе past continuous Не had to walk because his car was Ьеiпg
repoired.
Otherwise has the meaning of if поr but introduces the
result clause. Present perfect Му hапdЬаg has Ьееп stoieп!

Stop рlауiпg with those matches, otherwise you'll Past perfect Ву the time we arrived all the food had Ьееп
burn yourself. you don't stop playing with those
(lf eaten.
matches, }zou'll burn yourself.)
USE The passive is used to talk about processes, actions
and events
PгoYided that 1 when the process is mоrе important than the person
Provided that апd as lопg os have а similar meaning to if but who did it (the a9en0.
they emphasise the condition. 2 when we don't know who did something, or the agent
l'll lend you mу саmеrа providedlqs,long asyou is unimportant оr assumed.
promise to look after it. Wiпе is produced аlопg the епtirеvаllеу.
This medolwas given for brovery.
We сап include the а9епt iп а passive sentence if it adds
extra interesting information. We usually include it at the
end ofthe sentence.
These corpets were mаdе iп а rеmоtе villoge Ьу
tribalwomen.
lп passive structures, verb and preposition 9roups
stay together.
Active: We аrе looking into the rеаsоп for the delay.
Passive:The reason for the delay is being looked into.

Watch Out! We can't use the passive with verbs that аrе
intransitive (that can't take а direct object), e.g.disappear,
rise, die.

фМеепtisе* The р ri се of oi l h а s ri se п.

causatiye hoye
FОRМ Subject + has/have + object + past participle
usE we use the causative have lo talk about services
others perform fоr us.This is usually because we wanted
them to and often means we paid them to do it, but it can
sometimes Ье used when we didn't want them to do it.
They had their flat decorated Ьу о professional.

|h gоiпg to have mу eyes tested tomorrow.

Не had his mobile рhопе stolen at the swimmiпg pool,
(Ьу someone unknown)

154 Grammar rеfеrеп<е

UNIT 9 Directspaech Reportqd speech

9.1 Futurе perfect and 1 Present simple Past simple

said"l live iп the city сепtrе.' не said he lived iп the

сопtiпчочs
Не
city centre.

2 present continuous past continuous

Futчrе регfесt Не said,'l аm sееiпg Наппаh Не said he wqs seeing Наппаh

FОRМ will+ have + past participle опТuеsdау.' оп Tuesday.

USE We use the future perfect to describe something that 3 PaSt 5imple/continuous Past perfect simple/

will Ье completed before а definite time in the future. 'ltwas rаiпiпg so heavily continuous
that the match was cancelled,' Не said it had Ьееп rаiпiпg
Ву the timе а child is five it will have sееп several
he said. so heavily that the match hod
thousand commerciols.
ьееп concelled.
Ву this time tоmоrrоw we'll have arrived iп Sydney.
4 Present perfect simple/ Past perfect simple/
lf l post it today, mу card will definitely have arrived Ьу continuous continuous
Carla\ Ьiпhdау, 'She has Ьееп working hord Не said she had Ьееп working
апd haswritteп апоthеr book,' hard апd hod written another
Fчtчrе continuous he said. book.

5 will would
FORM will+ Ье + present participle
'We'll Ьriпg somefood" They said they wauld Ьriпg
USE We use the future continuous to describe something they said, some food,
that will Ье in progress at а definite time iп the future.
6 сап could
This time tоmоrrоw we'll Ье dуiуiпg to the airport. paolo soid,'l сап cookthe best paolo said he could caok the
lп three doy{time we'll Ье lуiпg Ьу the pool, pasta iп the world.' best pasta iп the world.
Ву 2050, humans will Ье living оп Mars.

Аftеr present, future апd present perfect reporting

9.2 Reported speech verbs, е.9. says, has asked, etc., the verb form is
gепеrаllу the same as iп direct speech.
diгесt speech Estelle: l'll mаkе lчпсh,
Direct speech is when we report the exact words that Estelle says she'll make lчпсh.
sоmеопе says оr writes. We use quote mаrks (' 'or" ')
Dоmiпiс: l dоп't wопt to go to the party,
around the exact words, and we usually use rероrtiпg
чеrЬs such as scy and csk. Dоmiпiс soys he doesn't wапt to go to the party.

'We пееd to go to the Ьопk,' he soid, Pronouns and place/time words, e.g. here, today, etc.,
may change in reported speech.
'How about gоiпg to the сiпеmо?' asked Philip.
now --> then
thiS -+ that
герогtеd speech
today -+ that day
Reported speech is when we report something that has
before -+ earIier,/previously
Ьееп said оr written. We often use reported speech to give
the gist or gепеrаl mеапiпg оf what we heard rather than the day before yesterday -+ two days еаrliеr
the exact words. yesterday -+ the day before
. After past reporting verbs, e.g. said, asked, etc., the чеrЬ this evening -+ that evening
fоrm generally changes as follows: last night -+ the previous night
the next day -+ the following day
Му father said, 'l'll see you this еvепiпg.'
Му fother said he would see mе thot еvепiпg.

€rammar reference 155

 rероrtеd statements UN|T l0
FОRМ verb (+ rhаt) + clause l0.1 Relative рrопочпý and
We can use 50у and tеl/ (and other verbs) to
report statements.
relative clauses
When we use sOи we dont use ап object. The most common relative рrопоuпS are
Не said (thot) they had had а good time. yvho; to rеfеr to people.

When we use tel/, we use an object. which:lo refer to things.

She told mе (that) they were gоiпg to Paris for rhап to refer to people оr things.
their hопеуmооп, whose,.the possessive of who апd which.
yvhen: used after nouns referring to time.
rероrtеd questions иrhеrе used after nouns rеfеrriпg to place.
FоRм
defi ning relative clauses
'I

Direct speech Reported speech USE We use defining relative clauses to define оr identiýz
а поuп Ьу giving essential information about it.The clause
'Whodidyou see atthe she asked mеwhо I had
tells us exactly which реrsоп, thing, time or р|асе we are
party?' she asked. sееп atthe party.
talking about.
Question word + auxiliary Question word + subject
That's the wоmап who l mеr at the соfё.
verb+subject+verb + vertt
This is the lift which keeps Ьrеаkiпg dоwп.
нез the mап whase sоп broke our wiпdоw.
Direct speech Reported speech
over there is the rеstоurапt where l mеt suzаппо for
'Doyou likeyour пеw job?' не asked mе if/whether l thefirsttime.
he asked, liked mу пеw job.
With defining relative clauses, we can use rhdr instead of
Auxiliary verb + subject lf (or whether) + subject
who апd which.
+ verb + vertl
That's the wоmап that l met at the саfё.
This is the liftthat keeps breoking dоwп.
lf the relative рrопоuп is the object of the sentence, we сап
leave it out.
That's the wоmап l met ot the соfё. (l is the subject of
the sепtепсе)

non-defi ning геlаtiче clauses

We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra,
non-essential, information. They tell US more about а
person, thing, time оr place that is already identified.
. commas are used before and after the relative clause.
. Non-defining relative clauses аrе generally mоrе
formal апd more соmmоп iп writing.
. We don't usually use rhdt in non-defining
reIative clauses.
Maria,who had пеvеr Ьееп skiing before, was
covered from head to toe iп bruises.
The old monastery, which used to stand at the top af
the hill, was destroyed iп а firе.

156 Grаmmаr reference

lCI.z Articles UNIT l l
1 we use the indefinite article а/оп Ьеfоrе
sing|e countable nouns that we аrе talking about for
l l" I Modals of possibility and
the first time. certainty
There's а саfё оп the corner.
jobs ргеsепt fогms
She's а lawyer. We can use rnusf Ье, might Ье апd сап't Ье to make
before а noun that we аrе using iп а gепеrаl sense. deductions in the рrеsепt.
о dog, а child, о саr 1 We сап uSe rпUsr to Say that We are sure that
2 we use the definite article rhe something is certainly true fоr а present situation.
before single countable nouns that we have talked That must Ье the postman's саr, he always brings the

about before. post atthis time,

Whеп lgotto mу house l sow а dog standing Ьу our
front door.The dog seemed pleased to see mе.
when we are talking about something specific.
generally dislike musicals, but the опе l saw the other
l
2 We сап use mightto saythat we think something
is possibly true (but we аrе not sure) fоr а
preSent 5itUation.
Oh по, the cor wоdt start. lt might Ье the battery.

еvепiпg was brilliant. 3 We са п use сап't lo say that we а rе su re that

with ап adjective to talk about а specific class or group.

something is certainly not true for а present situation.
This bill сап't Ье right, we пеvеr ordered these drinks.
The rich ore getting richer апd the poor are
getting poorer. Watch Out! We can't use mu;tn't iп this case.
when there is опlу опе оf som?thlng.
The Earth goes аrоuпd the Suп.
With SUperlatiVeS. PaSt fогms
lt's the most delicious hot chocolate l have ever tasted. We сап use must have (+ past participle), might have (+
with an ordinal пumьеr. past participle) апd сап't hаие (+ past participle) to make
We have ап арроiпtmепt оп the third of February. deductions in the past.
With job titleS. 1 We сап use must have to say that we are sure that
The president is gоiпg to wеlсоmе the quееп оп о something is certainly true fоr а past situation.
state visit. Oh deor, thats Haley\ bag оп the toble. She must have
3 We use no article (-) fоrgоttеп to take it.
with most languages, names, streets, towns, 2 We сап use might have to say that we think
citieS, coUntrieS, something is possibly true (but we аrе not sure) fоr а
The school is going to start teaching Сhiпеsе пехtуеаr. paSt Situation.
l сап't fiпd mу keys, l might have left them at Jеппу\
she lives iп Blockwell Drive iп axford.
house, or l might hаvе left them at school,
orethinking of еmigrаtiпg to Дustralia,
3
We
We сап USe сап't have to say that We are sure that
with uncountable nouns, plural nouns and
something is certainly not true for а past situation.
abstract поuпs.
She сап't have tаkеп the mопеу - shewas оп holiday
The mаiп ingredients are rice, milkand sugor.
at the time.
l prefer rеоl books апd newspapers to ebooks.
watch out! we can't use mustn't hove in this case.
we пееd mоrе iпfоrmаtiоп before we соп mоkе
а decision.
trhеtiя+е

Grammar reference 157

 l l .2 so, ýuсЪ very; too and епоUФ
епочgh We use enough
. after ап adjective оr ап adverb.
so Sаm isn't old епочgh to live оп his оwп.
We use so before ап adjective to add emphasis. The builders are notworking quickly enough, itwоп't
lwos so disappointed. Ье ready оп time.
We often add information to ехрlаiп why someone felt . before а поuп, оr ап adjective + поuп.
that way, There's епочgh food to feed ап аrmу! How mапу
lwas so disappointed about failing the ехаm. people did you invite?
We use so + adjective + thot in long sentences that Тhеrе аrеп't enough small spoons, сап you
make the link between cause and result. wash some?
Не was so tired thot he fell osleep оп the train. . lп longerSentences,We USe поt+ enough+ поuп + rо
infinitive оr лоr + adjective + епоugh + rо infinitive to
sUch show а link between the рrоЬlеm and the result.

. We use such before а поuп, or adjective + поuп

We haven't got епоugh mопеу to go away оп holiday
this yeor.
for emphasis.
We аrеп't rich enough to go away оп holidoy this year.
His rооm is always such а mess.
lt is such а messy room.
. We use such + noun/adjective + поuп + rhdr in l 1.3 Question tags
long sentences that make the link Ьзlwееп cause Question tags аrе the short questions that come at the ends
and result. оf sentences when speaking,
The book wos such а success that they decided to Question tags are used after positive and negative
make а film of it. sentences, but not after questions.
lt was such а beautiful day that we wепt sailing. FoRM We use negative tags after positive sentences, and
positive tags after negat|ve Sentences.
Yеrу lt's cold, isn't it?
. We use yery Ьеfоrе ап adjective or adverb. lt isn'tvery wаrm, is it?
. we use уеrу to emphasise а fact. . lf the main sепtепсё uses the verb Ье or has ап
l feelvery tired, auxiliary verb, this is repeated in the question tag.
Sheworksvery well. She is о very iпtеlligепt child, isn't she?

Mother wоп't Ье pleosed, will she?

too They соп't use our саr without asking, сап they?
. We use roo before ап adjective or adverb to show that
. lf the mаiп sentence has no auxiliary verb, the question

there is а рrоЬlеm. tag uses do, does, did (don't, doesn't, didnt).
lt is too cold to go for а walk. You епjоу classical musical, dоп't you?
Dоп't drive too slowly - we'll Ье late. They саmе early last time, didn't they?
. We use too much/too mапу before а noun оr ап USE We use question tags for two different reasons.
adjective + а поuп. . То ask if something is true or not (when we don't know
There is too mчсh salt iп this soup. the answeф. Fоr this type of question tag we use
rising intonation.
There are too mапу cars оп the road.
. lп lопgеr sentences, we use too + adjective + ro
. То check information (when we believe we aIready
know the answer.) tоr this type of question tag we use
infinitive to show а link between the рrоЬlеm апd
falling intonation.
the result.
Д: You're frоm Gеrmопу, аrеп't you?
They were too уоuпg to go оп the ride.
Bz Yes, that's right.
Watch Out! Do поt confuse too апd very.
Watch Out! The intonation we use depends on what we
Иеrу emphasises а fact, гоо says that there is а problem.
believe is true, ечеп if it may not Ье true iп reality.
l аm very tired. (а fact)
l аm too tired to go to the party, (а problem)

158 Grammar reference

UNIT l2 l 2,3 Linkers: olthough, despite,
l2" l The third conditional and howeve[ etc,
wish although, eyen thоuф, despitg in spite о[
FоRм
the third conditional
although/even though + verb phrase
FОRМ /f + past perfect + would hove + past participle in
Although/Even though she had а bad cold, she still
the main clause
Wепt to the party.
USE We use the third conditional to talk about past
despite/in spite of + gerund or поuп phrase
situations that did not happen.
Despite/ln spite of having а bad cold, she still wепt to
lf we hod left оп time, we would have caught
the party.
the trаiп.
Despite/ln spite of her bad cold, she stillwent to
lиtould have offeredyou а lift if l'd kпоwп you didn't
the porty.
haveyour car.
USE We use although, еvеп though, despite апd iп spite of
to show that there is а contrast оr contradiction between
Wbh two ideas that are presented together. The second idea
FoRM subject + wish + had + past participle usually introduces a'surprise'- something unexpected
USE We use wbh + past perfect to talk about things оr illogical.
in the
past that we regret and that we сап do nothing to change. Еvеп though the water was cold, he wепt fоr а swim.
(We would not expect Someone to go for а swim if
lwish l hаdп't еаtеп so muф..,
the water is cold.)
We сап often use ifonly instead of wish.
lf опlу l'd bought that dress whеп l had the сhапсе. Watch Out! We put olthough, еvеп though апd despite/in
spire of before the first idea, not the contrast.

l2.2 Reporting verbs Еvеп though they were very poor, they were happy.
Soy, tell and csk аrе the most соmmоп rероrtiпg verbs.
Other соmmоп rероrtiпg verbs are invite, accept, offer, wаrп,
however
suggest, apologise, criticise, rеmiпd. Each verb is followed Ьу а
ра rticular чеrЬ structu re. usE we сап use however lo contrast ideas across
1 verb + lf+ object + чеrЬ sentences оr paragraphs. lt usually comes at the beginning
osk ofa sentence.
There is раrkiпg availoble. However, it сап getvery
не asked if l liked fish.
crowded after six.
2 verb + rо infinitive
lt сап also come in the middle,
offer, refuse
There is роrkiпg availoble. lt сап, however, get very
Не offered to carry mу suitcase.
crowded ofter six.
3 verb + object + rо infinitive
or at the end.
ask, tell, iпvitе, wаrп, rеmiпd
There is porking available, lt соп get very crowded after
She reminded mе to bring mу camera.
six, however.
4 verb + noun
accept
Watch Out! We pu| however between the contrasting
ideas, not before them.
She accepted the рrеsепt from her class,
чеrЬ (+ object) + preposition + -iп9
opologise, criticise
Не opologised for arriving late,
Не criticised mе for finishing mу work late.
verb + rhсr + object + infinitive Without rо
Suggest
Не suggested that l take а coat aS it WaS likely to rаiп.

Grammar reference 159

 Contents
l Gепеrаl tips for writing tasks p.l бl

2 lJseful linking words and phrases p.I62

2.1 Time sequencers р.l б2
2.2 Listing points р.162
2.3 Adding information р.162
2.4 Giving examples р.162
2.5 Expressing purpose р.162
2.6 Reasons, causes and results р.163
2.7 Contrast р.163
ч.,

3 Model апsu/еrý, with hints and useful language

3.1 Essay р.164
3.2 Article р.166
3.3 Report р.167
З.4 Review р.168
3.5 lnformalemail р.169
3.6 lnformalletter р.170
3.7 Letter of application р.171

Writing reference
 1 General tips for writing tasks
неrе аrе some gепеrаl tips about what to think about when you're doing the writin9 task. lп the exam the
examiner will look at all these things in your written work.

l .l Content
you must do what the question you should try to make уоur writing interesting fоr the reader.
asks.

. Have you included something about all the points mentioned in the question?
. Have you expanded points Ьу giving reasons and examples?

1.2 Оrgапisаtiоп and cohesion

you should organise your writin9 well. start with ап introduction, follow this with two оr three short
paragraphs that deal With Separate points апd finish with а conclusion that summarises уоur |deas or gives
your opinion.
. Have you included an introduction and conclusion?
. Have you divided your work into logical sections?
. Have you linked your ideas with а rапgе of linking words and devices?

9*.
1.3 Range
Тrу to USe а rапgе of different Structures and vocabulary to Suit the question.
. Have you included difГеrепt tenSeS, а rап9е of adjectives, verbs and some phrasal verbs?

I.4 Appropriacy of regiýter and format

Make sure that you use the appropriate style: informal when writing to а friend оr more formal whеп Writin9
ап essay оr to someone you do not know.
.lf the style is informal, have you used colloquial language, exclamation marks апd contractions?
. lf you аrе writing а fоrmаl letter, remember this requires а special Way of Starting and finishing.

l.ý The target reader

Always think about how the rеаdеr of уоur work will react,
. Will the rеаdеr Ье fully informed?
. Will he/she understand уоur points?
. Have you made things very сlеаr?

tJУriting reference 161

 2 Useful linking lмords апd phraseý
2.1 Time ýеqцепсеrs
Examples include before, after, later, eventually, fiпоllу as sооп as, ot first, at lost, whеп, while
lрhопеd mу friend. while l was waiting for her to arive l did some work. дftеr l had finished mу essay, l
рhопеd her аgаiп but she didn't апswеr.
Fоr more notes оп Time phrases, see page 150

watch очt! when we use after,lhe punctuation tells us which action happened first.
We wепt to the beach after we played tеппis. = we played tennis first.
We went to the beoch. Дftеr, we played tennls. = we went to the beach first.
Дftеrwаrds апd after that always introduce the next action iп а sequence.
we wепt to the beach. дftеrwаrds/дftеr that we рlочеd tеппis.

2,2 Listiпg points

Examples include first, firstly, first of oll, to Ьеgiп with, secondty, fiпоllу
l didn't go to the рапу for several reasons. Firstly, twas reolly tired апd sесопdlу, because l didn't have
enough mопеу fоr о taxi there

watchout! Don'tusedrirrsгtointroducealistofpointsorinstructions.weusecrfrsгwhen
we change оur minds about someone оr something.
Дt first lthought she was unfriendly, but after t got to know her we Ьесаmе really good friends.
Don't use ot last or iп the епd to introduce а final point оr instruction. We use at last/in the епd
when something finally happens after а long time.
l looked for mу соr keys everywhere, дt last/in the епd lfound them uпdеrпеаth the sofa,

2.3 Adding information

Examples include as well as, iп addition to, поt опlу ... but also, апd
дs well as mу English homework,l had some maths to do before Мопdау. tп addition to all that, l had tо
wite а letter of application for а summer job.

Watch Out! When We USe поt опlу, we swap the order of the (auxiliary) verb and the subject.

ry9У
опlу dИshэhоvе to do her homework, but she olso had to revise for а history test.

2"4 Giving examples

Examples Inc|ude for ехаmрlе, for iпstопсе, such as
l like reolity TV shows suсh os the Х Factor.
Му mеmоrу is getting very bad. For iпstапсе, last night l completely forgot to
рhопе mу friепd.

2.5 Expresýing рчrроýе

Examples include iп order to, so as (поt)tо
They wепt to the Ьапk iп order to take оut some mопеу.
Не took off his shoes so as поt to wake up the ЬаЬу.

2.6 Reaýoný, сачýеý and reýultý

162 Writing rеfеrепсе

 Examples include thaft why, becouse, as а result, because of (this), so
They didn't go out becouse of the rоiп. (becouse of +noun phrase)
They didn't go out because it was rоiпiпg. (because + verb phrase)
l left work eorly Ьесаusе l hod а bad headache.
Дs а result, l didn't get paid the full аmоuпt.
l had а bad hеаdасhе.ТhаtЗ why l left work early.
we didn't have епоugh mопеу tо go abrood sa we had о holiday at hоmе instead..

2.7 Contrast
but
Bur links two contrasting ideas. lt is not поrmаllу used at the beginning of а sentence. However, it сап
sometimes Ье used at the Ьеgiппiпg of а Sentence whеп you are writing in ап informal style.
Sоmе people say that sports people are paid too muсh mопеу but t do поt agree.
l was hoving а fantostic time at the party with Friedo апd Gerry. But thеп l suddenly rеmеmьеrеd that
l'd
promised to pick up Jocky from the station!Oops!

however
However usually comes at the beginping of а sentence to make а contrast with the sепtепсе before. lt is
usually followed Ьу а соmmа. 9 _

l reaily wonted to go to paris for а holiday. However, t hod по mопеу at all so l couldn't!

although, еyеп though, though

These expressions introduce а clause оf contrast. lf the clause comes first, it is followed Ьу а соmmа.
Дlthough it poured with rаiп all аftеrпооп, we had а good day iп thе countryside,
We had о good doy iп the countryside еvеп though it poured with rаiп all аftеrпооп.

wherecs, tvhle
, whereos апd while аrе used to соmраrе two things and show how they аrе different.
l love playing tеппis whereas mу sister prefers basketball.
. While is also used in the same way as olthough.
While speoking English iS imроrtапt, you also пееd to practise the grоmmаr.

in spite of despite
These expressions must Ье followed Ьу а noun оr -iпg form.
lп spite of the cold, we wепt for о lопg wolk.
Despite feefing tired, we went for а lопg wolk.

neyerthelesý
This is also used to introdUce Something unusual or unexpected.
They didn't have very much mопеу, nevertheless they sрепt а fortune оп their hопеуmооп.

оп the опе hапd... On the other hапd ...

These expressions are used to introduce opposite points iп а discussion.
оп the опе hапd l епjоу lопg journeys because it\ nice поt to Ье rushing oll the time. ап the other hапd
sometimes l get frustrated because l wапt to get to mу destination quickly!

otherwjse
This is used to say what will happen if something else doesn't happen first.
l must check mу written work for mistakes. atherwise t might ger о bad grade.

Writiпg reference 163

 3 Model апswегý, vt ith hints
and useful language
3.1 Essay
(Раrt l)
Fоr work on essays, see pages ] 4, 56 and ] З0.

TASK
You have recently had а discussion in your English class about holidays.
Now уоur teacher has asked you to write ап essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and give rеаsопs for уоur point of view.
Essay question
ls it better to lеаrп mоrе about уоur оwп country rather thап travel abroad оп holiday?
Notes
Things to write about

,]_
which is mоrе expensive
2 which is more educational
З your own idea

Writeyouressayof between 140and 190words.You mustusegrammaticallycorrect

sentences with accurate spelling and punctuation in а style appropriate fоr the situation.

,tJ*-Ф.fФ;{ingtiaýe,', i. :,,1
:. l, .l, :: :i'',, :' ]i i' _' i
lntroducing different points and sequencing , GivingreasonS апd examp{es

,;1',.fФsjф5СЬл ф/fi ,:,,,l]1,,,

, '-,,, :,, ', l,, . Ihls is because .,,
l:'FTsi of alL,,l иlqtrfd.;/l&еrа, Фg iп, ф,sцiпg,,. The rеаsоп for this is ...

-.,:,. ::,;$пЬrkеr,Вlv,аПiаýd,dtsqdУапfофе_?ý.;,,,] :,,,,, l sоу/mепtiоп this because ...

, r.' {псqбсlu,siоt!,l:m,цsr:{Фt]эаr..,. . Fоr ехаmрlе ...
]

Giving gепеrаl opinions l.:] 1,Ёоtllлstалсе,,.

ýоФелqgф,..tфИs*д,,.,-, .,, .,
.,:..,,, ',.,, ,Р,lФ/lkеЛiсhqý,,.,,, '

. /t Ь thoughVsoid that . ,, Giving contrasts

. Most of us Ьеliеvе that ... ,,
:' А{thаuýh l сап uпdеrstопd ...
ъlчlп9 opInlon . However, iп mу орiпiоп .,.
ror mе - thь ...
,,..
::] lп сопtrаsr to
,'. ,,' Personally speaking,.. r'' rhаr...,
tr]dljle lf lt,гrшеr.i,:._-]
,
].],,. ]. :.',.]: ]i ]

] l'. l thinl</feel/beieve thot . .. оп rfiёоrhеi hапd|',,'"

] '" lп mуорiпiоп ,., . ].. ] i.

",'
from mу point of vie:w ... .,",
].
,].].. .]]. .].] l
.: . ].. ..

164 Writiпg reference

These samp|e апýwегý show t\ryo candidate's different opinions.

}Чоdеl А

Do refer to the
statement but try to
rephraSe it. |irl]it

Do use ап appropriate Do add details to

semi-formal style. 5Upport your points.

ffi.
DO use formal linking
devices.

DO make your
opinion сlеаr in your
tt*ý*ii:ýji:tt
conclusion

Model В

DO expand оп the
que5tion in your
DO give reasons for
introduction. Ечеrуопе needs а Ьгеаk but while mапу people choose to your opinion.
spend their holiday time iп another country, Others рrеfеr to
stay and explore their оwп, l have to admit that I
DO give examples
the second group.
where appropriate.
Firstly, а holiday abroad can Ье very exPensive,
fоr а big family. Yоu need to рау fоr асс and
travel which сап both cost а great deal.There is also holiday
iпsurапсе to consider which l think is mоrе important whеп
you travel abroad. lп contrast to this, а holiday in уочr оwп
соuпtry is likeiy to Ье much less expensive and stressful.
Secondly, people often do поt realise that there аrе lots of
DO refer to реорlеЪ
beautiful and interesting places still to visit iп their
opinions.
оWп country, people say that they like to go abroad
to lеаrп about difгerent cultures but iп fact. even iп а small
country Iike Епglапd, the people who live iп different аrеаs
DO Ьаlапсе your have diffеrепt traditions, food апd еvеп ways of speakingl
conclusion. Although l сап see the attractions of going abroad, iп mу
орiпiоп there are definitely mоrе Ьепеfits to travelling
аrоuпd уоur оwп country.,

tilriting reference 165

 ffi-Ж &ш,"*ýжЖm
/Dл_- 1\
<rl L Z/
\!
Fоr work оп articles, see page 1 10.

"*--,*,*-* -" " "--"*--** ** *1

Wе%ý{,
you have sееп this advertisement
on the lechnologyToday website.

Write уоur article

i
l
(You should write 120-180 words.)
L*,,***.*.-"*,.",-.,-".*.*

ýaýзple аRýw*r

DO try to think of ап
interestin9 title to
catch the reader's еуе,
*-l- No рhопе? А nightmare!
Ouite honestly I can't imagine life without my mobile

Do start with an рhопе. lt is always with me. Whеrечеr l go itЪ in my

interesting phrase/ pocket and even at night itЪ Ьу my bed in case l get а
sentence to late call оr text.
епсоurа9е the reader
to continue reading. Му parents think l'm mad! But then thеу'rе {rоm а
different gепеrаtiоп. All mу friends rеlу totally on their
phones fоr all sогts of things. Obviously, we use them to
DO give ап opposing
keep in touch but also fоr оthеr things. l take photos with Do use а direct
opinion where
it, and l go online with it! lt plays а big рагt in my life. qUestion to involve
appropriate.
the reader
t it? | imagine l would have to
stагt using the computer to email friends and go оп my
social networkino sites. And that would Ье hard because
Do use iпfоrmаl
linkers.
imes you're not near а computer when you want to
do that. Do use ап iпfоrmаl
style,

DO try to finish with

DO make your оwп we've become too dependent оп them. А life without
ап interestlng ending.
орiпiоп clear, mу mobile рhопе? No thank you!
(19l words)

Use{LJý ýапguаgе
lnvolving the rеаdеr . Firstly, ...
. Hoveyou ever considered .,.? . Дпоthеr imроrtапt point is ..,
. Сап you imаgiпе ...? . дs well as that ...
. How mапу people would agree with that?
Giving your opinion
. Surely еvеrуопе should Ье allowed to .,.? . l strongly believe that . .,
Mentioning different points . l olso thinkthot ...
. Fоr а start . ,. . limоgiпе/lsuрроsе...
. lo Dеglп Wlrп ,,,

,I66
Writing rеfеrепсе
 3"3 Ж*р*rt
llJlrt ) |

Fоr work оп rероrts, see ра9е 98.

тАýк
Your school sent you and some other students to take а summer course at а language
school iп the UK. Your teacher has now asked you to write а report оп the course,
including your comments оп the lessons, accommodation, school facilities and the
social programme.
Write уоur report. (You should write 120-180 words.)

ýаmр|е аýlýwег

Do give а title to your

R-epOYt Ow sv(VlлwLer сойrsе at edwards L-аV\,qйаqе,schOOL
report.
-йе thLs rераrt
aLwt UofI LvlLb
lVlc иLVл l сро, Ls to coMvwewt ow thе сойrsе ft adwards
/,
,/ Lйwgйаgе -SсИооL LwLhе икthis sцмчпеr.
DOstatethe purpose/
aim ofthe апd
reoort апd
of the report
',/ -Йе Соirsе

trу to rephrase the fпе tеайLч,д wаs exceLLewt. tпе ргоgrамме was weLL orgawLsed awd
wording of the task. covered rьаwg LMpottaй\.t aspeots of thе ewgLLsh Lawgtlage. Wьth оwLg
эLx peolLe Lw еасh grойр we hаd рLеwtи of oqyortvtwLtLes to }r
Do use formal
DO use subheadings AccowcvwodatLow language.
to make it clear for the
ALL thе hоst f anKLLLes wеrе tzLwd awd, lhе yoowLs vne hаd, wеrе
reader.
coMfortabLe. -fuе fanKLLLes were cLose to thе ЕсhооL so we coшLd waL|z
lhеrе even4 dац.
Do rеfеr to numbers
and amounts. sсhаоL {acLLLlLes
-тhе sсhооL Ls qv.Lte svwaLL * оwLц sevew cLassroowcs
- Ьиt it hаs gaod,
facLLLLLes. tпеrе Ls а соwtушtеr rоачw awd sMaLL LLbrarg. lt aLsa hа9 а
go о d с afeterLa wLth rеа sowabLe yrLces.

SacLaL ъrааrаwtчv"е
тhе ЕсhааL orgawLsed, rwawt,i LwLerestLwg evewLwg awd, weekewd evewLs

for ,,Ls awd owe SatLLrd,al1 we wewt ow а dац lrф to cowdaw.

CawcLцsLaw
sаg that Ll was а vеrц swccessfvlL sI:ag whLсh wаs
то swwL и}, l ,1/Lиst
Do finish with а
ефаgеd Ьg еvеrцаwе. ачtr еwgLLsh hаs Lvttproved cawsLderabLl4 аwd l
conclusion and а
wowLd thоrоwghLg recoMwtewd thLs cov.rse to fv.tvtre stиdеи,ts.
recommendation.

L"}seful language
Stating the aim r lп сопс/uslоп l would like to say rhat ,. .

. The aim/purpose of this rероrr is ю .. . - To-:coпclude it mцst be said that .',:

. This report is iпtепdеd to give .,, . Gепеrаllу speaking, ..

Making conctusions and recommendations , lwоuld (tharouqihly) rесоmmепd .,I

, ТоsumuР,,,. . lf seems fhaf ..,
, l mцst say/it was felt rhat ..,

Writing rеfеrепсе 167

 Ж-Ф Ж*wfr*w

{Раrt 2}
Fоr work оп reviews, see page 1 20.

Y&ýý{
Yоu rесепtlу saw this notice оп your
college website.
Have yau gееп апу Bood ТV document aries rесепNlу?
We аrе|ооkiпgfос rечiеwэ of rесепt dосumепtагiеэ.uо put-in
Nhe 'Rечiеw' ъесliоп of оur wеЬэiLе. Эепd ue your review апd if

Write уоur review. wеiпсludе ityou will raceiva aDVD оtFаmоuэ dосumепlаriеэ {

(You should write 120-180 words.) af Lhв tw епlу -Лr э| свпNury.

_l
ýample апý\yег

lп the introduction,
state the паmе of film/
book/programme, etc.
DO give some
information about the
sub.ject of the film/
book, etc.
DO ехрlаiп why
the film/book/
рrоgrаmmе, etc., WaS
good/you enjoyed it.
LaSt week,I saw фе,пеrцr docцmentary about the Titanic, the
biggest ship in the world that sank on hеr first voyage in 1912. It
was ехёllепt.
Тhеrе have Ьееп mапу films and books about this famous ship
очеr the last huпdrеd уеаrs, but this documentary looked at the
story from а different point of view. !'ly'hereas most of the stories
we hеаr аrе аЬоut the passengers, this dосчmепtаrу was all
about the people who built the ship and those who wеrе wоrНпg DO link your ideas.
опьоаrd when shе sank.
I fочпd the dосrжrепtаrу fascinating. Not опlу was it visually
interesting - it included lоtз of ,early photographq of the builders,
and the shф as shе was being built * but it was,also
I learnt а lot of facts that I hadnt known
bfore. ýоmе of them wеrе very sad. Fог examplg *iе'пчmЬеr
of BeOple who died wЫlе they иrer9 building Тitqпiс.

DO conclude If you'Tnisýed it laýt week it й1l Ье repeated next Тhчгsdау.

With ап opinion/ Those people who likedthe 1997 film' П7cnicwill find this very
recommendation. interesting indeed!
(179 words)

Use{ul }anguage
lntroduction Giving an opinion
. Lastweek l saw ... . lt was ехсеllепt,
. ... is ап ехсеllепt film. . tfounditfascinating.
. The book twoutd tike to review is .., . ! particularly tiked .. .

Giving information . /f is very dramotic.

. This documentarywas all about ,.. Recommending
. The story is bosed оп ... . Those people who liked . .. will love ...
. The filmis sеr iп .. . . ! соппоt rесоmmепd this fitm епоugh.
. The mаiп character is ... . Ihls is а must for . ..
. lt follow; the life of . ,. , lwould rесоmmепd опуопе to . ,.
. lt is dеfiпitеlуwопh seeing/reoding.

168 Цlritiпg reference

 З-ý ýпfоrппаI email
Fоr work on informal emails, see ра9е 7В.

тАýк
You have received ап emailfrom your English-speaking friend Jonas who is coming to stay
w|th you next weekend. Read this раrt of the email and then write your email to Jonas.
rm really lооkiпg forward to the weekend. lt will Ье good to get oway from all this revision lh
doing! МауЬе we сап go for о walk iп the forest? Ву the way, how do l get to your house frоm the
station? Дlsо - апу suggestions fоr where l сап take you all out for а mеаl over the wееkепd?
Seeyou sооп
Jonos

DO rеfеr to previous
email or information. Hi Jonas,
Great to hеаr from you. l can't wait for next weekend, either!
When you get to the station it's Ьеttег to get а bus as we
live quite а long way from it. Outside the station tчrп left and Do USe the notes.
DO expand on your thde's а bus stop just along the rоаd. Get the пчmЬеr 55
notes where you сап. and get а ticket to Наrреr's Grоче. Text me when you're оп
the bus and l'll meet you at the stop.
lt will Ье lovely to go out fоr а meal. We could go to the пеw
DO order your email/
]talian rеstачrапt in Наrреr's Bridge. lt's had а lot of good
letter logically with
reviews. l'll book а table.
separate paragraphs
for different points or Оп Sunday we've arranged to go out for the day to the
topic5. beach. We сап have а picnic and do some swimming. Then
we сап visit Arundel Cast|e on the way back. We thought
you might like that. We'll still get очr ехеrсisе!
Good luck with the history test. Dоп't wоrry you'll Ье fiпе.
Yоч'rе so good at history!
Have а good journey оп Fridау апd l'll see you at the
bus stop!
Love
Katy

Useful language
Reference to previous lerter/email оr iпfоrmаtiоп Giving instructions
. Greatto hear from you, . Тurп left
, Thonks for уоur letter. i . Gеt the пumЬеr l l.
- lt wos lovely to get your emoil . Text mе whеп ...
, (m really laokiпgfoMard toourtriptфether. Closing remarks
5uggesting . !'ll seeyou at ...
. We could go ta .. .
. l'm lооkiпg forward to seeing you,
. Whydon'twe... . leeyou sооп.
. lt would Ье lovely to .,. . Write sооп; ] :

. Howaboulgaing,,. . BeStWishes/Love
. We сап hаvе ,..

Writing reference 169

 3.6 lnformal letter
Fоr work on informal letters, see ра9е 24.

тАýк
You are оп holiday. Before leaving home you received а letter frоm уоur Scottish friend,
li4olly. Read this part of the letter and then write your letter to Molly.
5о, you're off to Sраiп. Lucky you! Dоп't forget to write to mе опd tell mе all about what you're
dоiпg апd if you meet апу interesting people!
Love
Molly

Sагпрlе апswеr

DO give the reason fоr

Writing, informally.

Do use а direct
question to involve
the rеаdеr.

DO mention аll points

you are asked to write
about.

DO expand оп points
to interest the reader

Do use informal
langua9e.
Do end appropriately.

Uiё+ul
] ]. ., ] . ]_ :] ..1] _ ],r ' .. r '.ll ]- ,: l:
up sооп.
]]].:
1,,.,,,'i LеtЗ mееt
.$еgJпПlфё,{,фl.,.,.,,,: _,,.i
,; 1ll- {fi66fu 56.д.gffi .{tiryour, lёttе1, Do write back sооп.

, ,il.,..-ИslРrоrпiS Jfuйq ;,.-',, i,

:.:: . r Give mу love/best wishes to уоur 5ister,

Норе to see you sооп.

:i дllthе best
:

t Best wishes
Вуе for поw

17о lДriting reference

 Ж-W &-*Ж*,m*- mS mррýЖшmtrf;mm

iРаrt 2}
Fоr work оп letters of application, see ра9е 66.

т&ffiý{
You are looking fоr а holiday job
and see this advertisement опliпе.

Write your letter.

Do not write апу postal addresses.
(You should write 'l20-180 words,)

ýапзрlе а}lýwег

DO say what you

are applying for and writiпз Ьйllрtq lor йеjob
l аr,и gd,tpr+r:ýrrida]irr Londor,r t{rat wаэ
where you saw the aduerti*d.otr уеиr иеЬэitе",.,
advert.
l ам зь qеаrэ oLd,;сrnd l'а*л ецrrq&tl зtЙ9йý ]or мц А Сеvеlэ at
Gror.,eFfufi 5сйос* | ам ltlсlк,иЗ lgr.а,*фцаЬа'Ьqfqф9ЙИý
DO mепtiоп all the
to МалrсOrаэtеr Uпiчеrэitу to эtиdу Lс,щuазрэалd hi*ory.
points you are asked
I hвvсtмqd ал *uniad itr LCIlrdon]йШ4lдИ{ф.ацd.l klmr,",tйre to Wr|te about.
citg чеф raetl 'Hi*torg iэ otre ef мч .м,iin i *tеrе*э oB4l _have
dопеппаиу'уа\аеtьоп{аялоиtLоrrЕоЯЬi9&rtэЙdЙuйЙеиrЬ.,'
l,эулеаk t{Brae Lаiguл,зе9 1, ЕtепgЙ; 5рапЬh alrd а titКa Gеrппауr.
,
l амаюавlаLеllqýQваМ l еуliои /иеdИзле\i,t?eФpta,i ай ,,,.
DO say why уоu аrе q*аthшgiаэtiс аbfirt tйt{, аttrасtiопэ of му elty artd'i:thi k t$lrat,t{rilb
iэ irироr.tапt for. а tоиr 1иidе.
|

Stjllaole, .' . ' . ,' ,, , : 1'

-- ",.
l bhlaLLbe avaitaЫe frо,пл the ллiddLsоf Jиr,rе иrлtiС tйre ard ol
kgtел,лЬеr w0relr иt,rу иrrivеrэitу соиr5€. Ьеgirrэ.
, $ qortwotid like меtg attalrd аи irrtervi rай,, ллч colrtaJt dsИСа .-_'i
, ii Ьаrм. l омf.aaeverv Й"а^"Еае.п. о^i,ТЬ*rаоИ'oft*orB,t*. . Ь Do rеfеr to contact
deta ils-
: Hopilrý to {naat lrtlм цrа зЁrtldly,
-
DO end appropriately Yошrэ lаit0rlиl(у
and in а соrrесt formal
style.
i Ric{,rard Вrасks
(,179lфоrdý)

Useful language
. l have always wonted to ...
Appropriate орепiпg and closing . l сап sреаkthrее languages.
Dear 5i r/Dear Madam/Dear lVr. Wаtsоп . l have dопе similar Йork-before.
Yours . l think this is imроrtапt for sоmеопе who . .
.
.

Yours si п cerely/fai t hfu l ly I believe l оm ап ideal оррliсапt for this type of work
Кiпd regards
Closing remarks
Giving reasons fоr writing
. . Thankyou for considering mу аррliсаtiоп,
.
l аm Writiпg to apply for ...
, l hope/Hoping to hear frаm you soon/shortly.
.
twould like to apply for .,, , l look forward tо hеаriпg from you,
l аm witing because lsow .,.
. lenclose mу CV/references frоm ,..
Talking about abilities, qualities and suitability . lwould Ье gratefulfor а quick reply.
l hove lived апd studied iп ...
- Could you send mе some mоrе details аЬоut ,,.
l have а lot of ехреiепсе iп . . .

Writing reference
 А phrasal verb is а verb followed Ьу ап adverb or preposition. This list focuses on
phrasal verbs which are idiomatic оr non-literal. There are four types of phrasal verb:

l Intransitive bump into (type З) mееt Ьу chance: Guess who l Ьumреd

iпtо ot the supermarket?
These phrasal verbs need no object.
The рlапе took off at б о.m.
calm down (type 2) Ьесоmе less emotional:When he fell,
shiопа calmed him dоиtп апd сlеапеd his cut kпее.
The washing mасhiпе broke dоwп yesterday.
carry on (type ] ) continue: lf we Mrry оп like this we wоп't

2 Ti.ansitive and separable have опу mопеу left.

These phrasal verbs need ап object.The object сап go catch оп (type 1 ) become popular: This пеw foshion will
either between the verb and particle, оr after the particle. пеvеr catch оп.

lturned the light оп / lturпеd оп the light. finally understand:l didn't uпdеrstапd him at firsf, but l

eventuaily caught оп.

chill очt буре 1 ) rеlах: Аf rhe end of the day l like to chill out
iп frопt of the telly.
:],;]::]]]].:]::ir.:.]:r]i]:l::ýi]]]:.']]]i]l.

clickon (type З) select (оп а соmрutеф: Just clickonthat

:]]]:]]}:]:'
|I?;]:]1]i|:;i]:!_i,]:;i]i]]::i:.i]i:.i:l:::]:::
iсоп to ореп the file.

Gоmе acroýs (type З) find, often Ьу сhапсе: They соmе

across some hidden treosure while they wеrе building
the house.
3 Ti,ansitive and iпsераrаЬlе come along (type 'l) join а trip оr ап activity: You're very
These phrasaI чеrЬs need ап object.The object can опlу welcome to соmе аlопg this еvепiпg.
соmе after both the чеrЬ and particle.
Gоmе чр (type 1) арреаr/оссur: l соп't seeyou tonight,
we sometimes look after our пiесе.
something has соmе up at work.

4 Ti,ansitive and inseparable come чр with (type 4 ) have an idea: We've соmе upwith а
great solution to the рrоЬlеm.
urith two particles cut down on (type 4) rеduсе the amount you consume: /f
These phrasal чеrЬs need ап object.The object can't go
you сап't Stop smoking at least try to cut dоwп оп how mапу
between the vеrЬ and particles.
cigarettes you have а day.
l'm lookiпg forward to mееtiпg your parents.
deal with (type З) take action: We пееd to dealwith the
apply for (type З) make а formal request for something: рrоЬlеm before it gets worse.
Меgап hos applied for о better job.
dress up (type ] ) wear your best clothes: lt's а speciol

break down (type 'l ) stop working : Oh по!Тhе lift has оссаsiоп so we should dress up.
broken dоwп аgаiп.
end up (type l) finish, often iп ап unexpected way оr place:
break up (type end а relation ship: Cindy опd Маlсоlm
1) We followed our GPS апd ended up at the top of о mочпtаiп,
have broken up аgоiп.
fall очt (type 'l) have а serious ar9ument: They fell out З0
(type 2) destroy: They broke the ship up fоr scrop.
уеаrs ago апd hаvеп't spoken to each other siпсе,
bring out (type 2) introduce: They have brought out о пеw fall over (type 1) fa||: Не slipped оп the ice апd immediately
edition of the book. fell оvеr.
bring up (type 2) raise,. His grandmother brought him up fall through (type ] ) collapse/fail to hарреп: Рlопs to mаkе
whеп his porents got divorced. the book iпtо а film fell through,
raise а topic: Sоmеопе brought up the subject of parking ot
the meeting.

172 Phrasal verbs ]ist

 'l)
find очt (type 2) discover/learn iпfоrmаtiоп Сапуочfrпd grow into (type develop оvеr time and become: Iheir
out the trаiп times to Milan? smail family business grew iпto ап iпtеrпаtiопоl соmропу.

fit in (type 2) find the time to do something:The doctor сап grow чр (type 1) become an adult: Shakespeore grew uр
fityou iп at six oclock. and went to school iп this tоwп.

get away (type 1) escape: We triеd to catch the thieves but help out (type 2) assist Our пецt hbour helped us aut with
they mапаgеd to get away. mоviпg the furniture.

get in (type '])

arrive at work/school/home: What time did join iп (type 3) participate: Dоп't Ье shy! Everyone сап jоiп iп.
Miriam get iп today?
keep up with (type 4) stay at the same level: /'m по good at
get into (type З) become involved iп something:Hegot maths; l сап't keep uр with the rest of the class,
iпtо role-playing gomes whеп he was still at school.
knock down (type 2) demolish: They knocked dаwп the old
get on (type 1) have а (good) relationship: We've Ьееп hospital and built а mоdеrп опе.
getting оп better rесепtlу.
light up (type 2) illuminate: The firework display lit up the sky
get over (type З) recover from an illness; lt took him ages to - itwas аmаziпg.
get over the flч last winter.
live оп (type З) survive: I don't kпоw how they live ап such а
give away (type 2) distribute: She gave away her mопеу to smallsolary.
the dogs'home.
look after (type З) take care of: Сап you look after the
tell а secret Мum accidentally told Dad about the party апd children this еvепiпg?
gove away the surprise.
look for 1type З) try to find; |m lookiпg for mу car keys, has
give чр (type 2) stop doing: Shegav?ip рlауiпg tеппis after апуопе sееп them?
the twins wеrе Ьоrп.
look forward to (type 4) to Ье excited about something
go along (type 1) 9о to ап event: ИУе руепt аlапg to that is going to hарреп: We're really laoking fаrwаrd to
the mееtiпg. sееiпg Maria оgоiп ofter so mапу years.

go along with (type 4) agree or support: l'm happy to ga look into (type З) investigate:A team is loaking iпto the
аlопg with that sugge;tion. cause ofthe fire.

go аwау (type 1 ) |eave: P/ease g а away, lh trying to finish look round (type З) visil| Дftеr we unpacked, we looked
mу hоmеwоrk. rоuпd the old tоwп.
go down (type l) Ьесоmе |ower: House prices havegone look up (type 2) consult/check: lloaked their пumЬеr up iп
dоwп аgаiп this mопth. the рhопе book.
go down with (type 4) Ьесоmе ill They allwentdawnwith meet чр (type 2) meet other people to do something:We
а terrible stomoch bug. met uр outside the station апd went clubbing.

go for (type З) choose/select: lthinkwe should gofor the mesý up (type 2) spoil: Sheиessed up the job interview Ьу
grееп опе. arriving lote,

go into буре З) епtейоiп а profession: Shewentiпtathe mоче in (type 'l) begin living iп а пеw home; ИVhen we
police whеп she left school. moved iп we redecorated the house,
go off (type 1) leave: Не tyent off to school iп а very pass оп (type 2) transmit (knowledge or disease); Grопdmо
bod mood. passed оп hеr secret recipe.

pass out (type '|)

lose its freshness: This butter tastes strange;lthink it has faint: /f tлzсs so hot оп the underground l
gопе aff . passed out.
go оп (type 1) happen: What'sgaing оп,whу isthere so pick up (type 2) 9о and collect: Соп you pick up mу dress
much noise? from the dry-cleonefs?

complain: \top gоiпg ап like thot - there's поthiпg we сап do. catch ап illness: Shepicked up ап еуе iпfесtiоп at the
swimming pool.
go out (type ] ) leave the home: Ihere3 поthiпg оп telly, why
dоп't we ga out? lеаrп (а skill/a language): Ноппаh picked up ltаliап after just
six mопths-
go up (type 1) iпсrеаsе: Uпеmрlоуmепt keepsgaing uр,

Phrasal yerbs list 17з

 pointed 'l)
point out (type 2) draw sоmеопеЪ attention to: She take over (type assume control: l'd like you to take over the
оut that there was а spelling mistoke оп the poster. shopwhile l'm оп holiday.

put away (type 2) store: VИе need to put away the decorotions take up (type 2) begin something пеw: l'm gоiпg to take up
for апоthеr year. golf whеп l retire.

put off (type 2) think about буре З) consider: ShеЗ thinking about studyiпg
abroad for а yeor.
discourage: The weekend course put him aff Ьесоmiпg
а soldier. think up (type 2) invent: She spent the journey thinking up
ап excuse for why she was lote.
delay We've put the trip off uпtil пехt week.
throw away (type 2) discard: She threw аwау his favourite
put on (type 2) wear а piece of clothing: Put оп your coat, it';
trai ners without tel li пg hi m.
cold outside.
try out (type2) lesl: l'd like you to try out this пеw washing
put up (type 2) install/fix in place: We пееd to put uр some
powder апd tell mе whot you think.
bookshelves iп the sitting rооm.
turn down (type 2) reduce the level: Сап you turn dоwп the
put up with (type 4) support: l сап't put up with your
music? l'm tryiпg to сопсепtrаtе.
behaviour апу mоrе, lh lеоviпg.
refuse: She fч rпеd dоwп the job because the salary wos
]чп out (type 2) consume completely: Oh по, we've ruп out
too low.
of milk.
turn into (type 2) transform: They'veturned the old сiпеmа
save чр (type 2) gradually save mопеу: People used to save
iпtо а bowling olley.
uр untilthey could afford to buy sometQjng.
turn off (type 2) switch offlsto р: Dоп't forget to turп off
setoff (type 1)begin а journey:Theysetoff onafive-yeor
the computer.
voyage аrоuпd the world.
turn чр (type 1) arrive/often unexpectedly You сап't just
show round 11уре 2) act as а guide: Pcula showed us round
turп up at their door - рhопе them first.
the пеw sports'centre.
(type 2) increase the ievel: Тurп it up! l love this song!
sort out (type 2) organise/find а solution:
watch out (type 1) рау attention/be careful: Wotch out, that
whеп Grandad died it took months to sorf ouf all
раiпtis stillwet
his papers,
work out (tуре 1 ) ta ke exercise: She works out at the gym
stand out (type 1) Ье obviously different: She is ап ехсеllепt
twice о week.
student who stands out from all the others,
(type 2) calculate: l сап't work out the answer to this problem,
stay ahead (type 'l) remain iп front: lt's getting mоrе difficult
сап you help?
to stay ahead of our rivols.

take off (type 'l) leave in а рlапе: Тhерlапеtооkоffопtimе.

(type 2) remove clothing: l'm going to take off mу tie, it's so
uncomfortable.

174 Phrasal verbs list

 One way of lеаrпiпg irregular verbs is to treat them as families that follow сеrtаiп patterns.

Nо сlеаr pattern hold held held fa ll fell fallen

Ье was,/were Ьееп lead led led forget forgot forgotten
do did done make made made freeze froze frozen
eat ate eaten give
9о Went *gone
/
stand stood stood
9aVe given
hide hid hidden
been understand understood understood
ride rode ridden
lie lay lain
lепd lent lent risе roSe risen
See SaW Seen
send sent sent speak spoke spoken
win Won Won
spend Spent Spent steal stole stolen
write Wrote written take took taken
selI sold sold
gопе has the idea of leaving wake woke woken
tell told told
Ьееп has the idea of leaving write Wrote Written
and returning lay laid laid
9.
рау paid paid
Сhапgе frоm -i tB -о
Nо change Say said /sed/ said /sed/ tо -ч
coSt CoSt co5t begin Ьеgап begun
cUt cUt CUt Ending iп -оuфt оr -aught drink drank drunk
hit hit hit
bring brought brought ring rang rUng
let let let
buy bought bought sing sап9 sUng
put put pUt
catch caught caught swim swam SWUm
rеаd /i:d/ read /rеd/ read /redl fight fought fought
Set Set Set
teach taught taught
Сhапgе from -enr tо
Fаst simple and past think thought thought -оrе to _оrп
Ьеаr bore Ьоrп
participle have the Сhапgе fгоm -ееР to -ept tear tore torn
ýаmе form keep kept kept
Wеаr Wore Worn

slept
Change from -owl
sleep slept
Ending in -t ог -d
build built built Рrеsепt simple and -yl-Bw to -ew to
feel feIt felt paýt participle -оwпl-аwп
9et 9ot got / gotten
(US)
the same blow blew blown

lеап leant
become became Ьесоmе
fly flew flown
leant
lеаrп learnt learnt
come Came соmе
grow grеW grown
run rап
know knew known
rUп
leave left left throw threw thrown
lose
mean
Iost lost
Past participle ends draw drew drawn
meant meant
meet met met
in -еп
sit Sat Sat
beat beat beaten
bite bit bitten
find found found break broke Ьrоkеп
have had had choose chose chosen
hear hеаrd heard drive drove driven

lrregular verb farnilies 175