SUANKULARB WITTAYALAI SCHOOL

88 Tripech Road, Phra Nakhon District

Bangkok, Thailand
EPLUS+

Science Project: Key Stage M1-M3

Study of Different Types of Baits in Used-Plastic Bottle Cockroach

Trap

Authors:

Chulathep Silpanuntakul M.306/29

Sangtawan Duangthong M.306/17
Pobtham Tungtaeng M.306/30

Advisors:
Assoc Prof. Suthep Silapanuntakul, PhD.
Mr. Jay-Ar Raborar
Ms. Manika Sanchanta
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We cannot express enough thanks to our teachers for their continued support and
encouragement: Mr. Jay-Ar Raborar and Ms. Manika Sanchanta. They provided us with
extraordinary care and help with this scientific research. We offer my sincere appreciation
for the learning opportunities provided by our wonderful teachers.

Our completion of this project could not have been accomplished without the
support of the project advisor Assoc Prof. Suthep Silapanuntakul for giving us the scope
and the idea of this experiment.

Finally, to our caring, loving, and supportive family. Your encouragement when the
times got rough are much appreciated and duly noted. It was a great comfort and relief to
know that you were willing to provide management of our household activities while we
completed our work. Our heartfelt thanks.
 CONTENT

ABSTRACT
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Statement of problems
1.2. Objectives of study
1.3. Hypotheses of study
1.4. Variable of study
1.5. Operational definition
1.6. Scope of study
1.7. Limitation of study
1.8. Conceptual Framework
CHAPTER II RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Literature I
2.2. Literature II
2.3. Literature III
CHAPTER III MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
3.1. Materials
3.2. Methodology
3.3. Data Collection
3.4. Module Design
3.5. Experimental Framework
3.6. Table 1 design
3.7. Table 2 Design
CHAPTER IV
4.1. Interpretation
4.2. Data analysis in tables
4.3. Statistics and Frequency
4.4. Researcher A’s record explanation
4.5. Researcher B’s record explanation
4.6. Researcher C’s record explanation
CHAPTER V
5.1. Brief conclusion
5.2. Recommendations and future direction
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
GALLERY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ABSTRACT

Have you ever thought about the dirtiest and ugliest creature in the world?
Obviously, the cockroach would immediately come into your mind. Cockroaches are
everywhere. They live in the dirty kitchen, drained and drained pipes. In Thailand,
you can find these little brown cockroaches everywhere, even inside your own
residence. The cockroaches usually prefer to eat carbohydrates from sweets and
protein from meat and flesh because their odors are attractive to them. From its
eating behaviour, it causes irritation to humanity and even bacteria in the food.
Thus, many people are finding the best way to lure the cockroach into the trap, so
that it won’t reproduce and increase the population.

The purpose of this study is to do the research investigation and conduct the
experiment to discover what kind of food lures cockroaches the best in a water bottle
trap. The researchers find it useful to today’s world as it will trap cockroaches, but
also this will be a simple guideline to the residence how you should trap
cockroaches and where you should place the trap to make it the most efficient and
environmentally-friendly.

The researchers have made the decision to use 12 Crystal brand water bottles with a
capacity of 600ml, filled with 20 grams of various kinds of bait equally. The
researchers are to place the trap in a different environment and scenario to discover
the presence of cockroaches in each building. After having completed the
experiment, the researchers are willing to make a conclusion if the trap is effective
and useful to trap cockroaches. In addition, the researchers would like to find out if
there are other factors that affect the baits.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, people still suffer from high levels of gastrointestinal illnesses. (The rate
of diarrhea is 768.50 per 100,000 population from January 1, 2017 - June 26, 2017).
One cause was caused by eating food contaminated by cockroaches in the house,
which caused the dirt in the food consumed. Therefore, there have always been
attempts to control and eliminate cockroaches by various methods. such as
sanitation management in places, removal of food sources and breeding grounds.
Using chemicals to spray or destroy the larvae and larvae of cockroaches. Or using
various types of traps to destroy the old, etc., but still not successful. And some
methods used can have negative effects. For example, using chemicals to spray or
destroy cockroaches is costly. It may also affect the environment or be unsafe for the
health of people and animals nearby. In addition, the frequent use of chemicals and
large quantities at a time will result in the cockroach becoming resistant to that
chemical.
At present, there are research efforts to find new methods of control and elimination
of cockroaches. that is environmentally friendly or can be used in combination with
other methods, such as using traps made from used plastic bottles to trap
cockroaches. It was found that these types of traps are widely distributed and
known. However, such traps require proper bait to make them very effective in
catching cockroaches. It is not yet clear which bait is effective and suitable for luring
cockroaches into the trap.
Therefore, in this study, the researchers will study and compare the types of lures
available in the market to be effective bait for cockroaches for trapping with used
plastic bottle traps.
1.1. Statement of problems

The researchers want to find out the what is the

1. best bait for capturing cockroaches found;
2. the different types of cockroaches found.

1.2. Objective of study

1.2.1 General Objective

1. To study different types of baits in used-plastic bottle cockroach traps.
1.2.2 Specific Objective
1. To study the use of used-plastic bottles with baits as a cockroach trap.
2. To study the different types of baits in a used-plastic cockroach bottle trap in
which attracts cockroaches the most.

1.3. Hypothesis of study

1.3.1 The bait with the strongest smell will attract the cockroaches the most.
1.3.2 The rate per day in which the bait will attract the cockroaches will go up as
time passes on since there is no human interacting with the trap.

1.4. Variables of study

1.4.1. Independent Variable

1. Types of baits used in a various used-plastic bottle trap
2. Location in which the used-plastic water bottle trap is located

1.4.2. Dependent Variable

1. Number of Cockroaches trapped in each used-plastic water bottle trap
2. Types of Cockroach trapped in each used-plastic water bottle trap

1.4.3. Control Variable

1. Used-Plastic water bottle Size
2. Type of Used-plastic water bottle trap
3. Dog-chow bait source
 4. Bread bait source
5. Type of flesh must be fish

1.5. Operation definition

1.5.1 For a bait to attract the cockroach, the cockroach must enter the used-plastic
water bottle trap and be trapped inside the used-plastic water bottle trap.

1.5.2 One batch of bait inside the used-plastic bottle cockroach trap will be equal to
10 grams per a trap

1.6. Scope of study

A researcher will set the trap in three batches: a dog chow batch, a fish flesh batch
and a bread batch with one as a control. In total, 12 traps will be set in this
experiment. The experiment will be observed for fourteen consecutive days; every
day the experiment will be evaluated. The effectiveness of the baits and traps will be
observed daily from the number of cockroaches that are caught inside the trap. The
bait is placed on 3rd January 2022.

1.7. Limitation of study

For this study, we will be focusing on American Cockroaches and German

cockroaches. Any species that is caught by the bait will not be counted or included in
the final data. The trap size is 600ml. The place of the trap place will be no more than
5 meters away from the main kitchen’s garbage can or the sink of the residence.
 CHAPTER II

RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. LITERATURE I: German Cockroach Food Preference

FOOD PREFERENCE OF THE GERMAN COCKROACH, BLATTELLA

GERMANICA (L.) (DICTYOPTERA: BLATTELLIDAE) by Hamdy El-Sharabasy,
Mahmoud Farag Mahmoud, A.F. El-BAHRAWY, Y.S. El-BADRY published in 2014;
In the abstract of this piece of literature, the authors state that the German cockroach
is a commonly found pest in low-income housing. Cockroaches also spoil food and
transfer pathogens which cause psychological distress and allergic reactions. The
German cockroaches would then be given 8 choices being carbohydrate-rich foods
(bread, biscuit, banana, and potato) and also four foods rich in protein (minced meat,
cooked cheese, white cheese, and luncheon). The authors also state that because the
German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), is a common
domestic pest mainly located in urban environments, it is regularly associated with
indoor environments, such as kitchens, bathrooms, and areas used to store foods.
The cockroaches enter houses and apartments, aggregate near human foods, and
usually give discontent and a feeling of dirtiness and unsanitary. Furthermore, they
consume not only food but also other things like feces, blood, pus, and the sputum
of humans and other animals that harbor various medically major pathogens. Other
than this in the discussion, they said that German cockroaches would prefer foods
with carbohydrates rather than with fat and protein. After this, the author gives the
results of the experiment which showed that the German cockroaches were mainly
interested in bananas and biscuits.
2.2. LITERATURE II: German Cockroach Feeding Behaviour

Food Preference and Feeding Behavior of the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica
(Linnaeus) by Prachumporn Lauprasert, Duangkhae Sitthicharoenchai, Kumthorn
Thirakhupt, and Art-Ong Pradatsudarasar published in 2006; In the results of this
literature, the authors tell that Male cockroaches favored banana, followed by potato,
pork, cheese, peanut, sugar, bread, and cat food, according to the results. They had a
strong preference for bananas and potatoes. Banana was the favored food of female
cockroaches, followed by potato, peanut, pork, sugar, cheese, bread, and cat food, in
that order. After this, the authors also tell of the feeding behavior of the German
cockroaches. The findings revealed that German cockroaches hid in their shelters
during the daytime. Their feeding habits started around 05.00 pm and quickly
escalated around 07.00 pm. They also indicated the first peak between the hours of
7:00 and 10:00 p.m. Starting at 11 p.m., their activity gradually reduced. Then,
around 3 AM their feeding behavior was found again and drastically increased at 4
AM. After that, at around 4-5 AM a second peak would appear. Their activity would
swiftly decrease again at around 6 AM and they would go back and hide in their
harborage from 7 AM to 4 PM. Following this, in the discussion, the authors would
mention that their results can be used to draw several key conclusions, including
fascinating differences in food preferences, sex-specific differences in food
preferences, and the feeding behavior of German cockroaches. The most noticeable
variation between male and female cockroaches was their dietary preferences.

2.3. LITERATURE III: American Cockroach Food Selection

REGULATION OF FOOD INTAKE IN THE AMERICAN COCKROACH by
TERRANCE GUNTHER GEISSLER, B.Sc. published in 1991; In the abstract section of
this literature, the author mentions that Cockroaches would select their diets using simple, but
robust rules. He also mentions that these rules are general enough to be able to deal with a
complex habitat but also specific enough to create a balanced diet that produces great
maintenance of the diet. Investigations would also demonstrate the ability of cockroaches to
make use of coarse controls to make up for long-term starvation as well as specific nutrients
that are depleted such as protein and carbohydrates. The quality of carbohydrate diets would
also be shown discrimination by the cockroaches. The ranking of the quality of the foods was
not a set attribute but was varied relative to the items that are accessible. With large
nutritional imbalances that required time to correct, dietary management was less
discriminatory with respect to food quality and was largely concerned with increased
quantity. Relatively well-nourished animals showed much greater selectivity with regard to
quality. When there were significant nutritional imbalances that took time to fix, dietary
management was less concerned with food quality and more focused on increasing quantity.
Animals that were relatively well-fed showed a lot more quality selectivity. As a result,
various strategic methods were emphasized by the coarse and fine-tuned control systems.
 CHAPTER III

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

3.1. Materials

1. 4 Plastic water bottles(each chamber, each kind of food)

2. Dog Chow
3. Fish flesh
4. Bread

3.2. Methodology

1. Identify the locations of the experimental zone(the researchers’ 3 shelters)

2. Gather materials, every bait mass must be 20 grams excluding the bottle mass.
3. Place the traps in the area which the cockroach will most likely to appear
4. Each day, record if there are/are cockroaches or not, if the cockroach(es) get trapped,
measure the weight of food that is left.
5. Record the data for 14 days consecutively.
6. Make a table comparing the scale of food eaten and the frequency of cockroaches
getting trapped in each bait.
7. Conclude the experiment by explanation with evidence photos.

3.3. Data collection

This experimental research will use tables to show the result of the cockroach after
being trapped successfully or not.

Researcher A location: Restaurant nearby his resident

Researcher B location: His family restaurant close to the narrow backyard

Researcher C location: The unused bathtub in his house

3.4. Module Design
3.5. Experimental Framework
3.6. Table 1 showing the amount of cockroaches trapped each day in the researchers’
used plastic bottle trap.

No. of days Researcher Researcher Researcher Are there

A B C other
(Chulathep) (Sangtawan (Pobtham) animals/
) species
found?

10

11

12

13

14

3.7. Table 2 showing the frequency of 3 foods eaten by cockroaches in the researchers’
used plastic bottle trap per day.

Types of food Researcher A Researcher B Researcher C

(frequency)

Bread
 Fish flesh

Dog Chow

CHAPTER IV

INTERPRETATION AND DATA COLLECTION

4.1 Interpretation
The number of the cockroaches was recorded day by day. The experiment continued
for 14 day consecutively. The researchers also recorded the types of cockroaches and
other creatures and insects as follows:

4.2 Table 1 showing the amount of cockroaches trapped each day in the researchers’
used plastic bottle trap.

No. of days Researcher Researcher Researcher Are there

A B C other
(Chulathep) (Sangtawan (Pobtham) animals/
) species
found?

1(Nighttime 0 0 0 No
)

2 0 0 0 Yes

3 1 0 0 Yes

4 2 0 0 Yes

5 2 0 0 Yes

6 2 0 0 Yes

7 3 No Data 0 Yes

8 3 No Data 0 Yes

9 3 No Data 0 Yes

10 3 No Data 0 Yes
 11 4 No Data 0 Yes

12 4 No Data 0 Yes

13 5 No Data 0 Yes

14 5 No Data 0 Yes

4.3 Table 2 showing the frequency of 3 foods eaten by cockroaches in the researchers’
used plastic bottle trap per day.

Types of food Researcher A Researcher B Researcher C

(frequency)

Bread 1 0 0

Fish flesh 3 0 0

Dog Chow 2 0 0

Control(no bait) 0 0 0
4.4. Researcher A’s record explanation

Day Record Explanation

Day 1 The traps were placed in a restaurant storage area near the researcher's
residence.

Day 2 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 3 One American cockroach were found in the Dog Chow Batch

Day 4 One American cockroach were found in the Fish Flesh Batch

Day 5 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 6 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 7 One American cockroach were found in the Fish flesh Batch

Day 8 Maggots were found infecting the Fish Flesh Batch

Day 9 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 10 One American cockroach was found in the Dog Chow Batch

Day 11 One American cockroach was found in the Fish Flesh Batch

Day 12 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 13 One American cockroach was found in the Bread Batch

Day 14 No changes to the trap were found.

Conclusi Fish Flesh Bait is the most effective batch

on Dog Chow Bait is the second most effective batch
Bread is the least effective batch
4.5. Researcher B’s record explanation

Day/Night Record explanation

Day 1 The trap has not been placed because the researcher was deciding
(3rd Jan where to place them. The outcome was that the restaurant
2022) backyard would be the best place to make out the most
interesting result. The surrounding and the environment is as
follows:

1. There is a 1 row garden with a fence.

2. The temperature according to the weather forecast is 30 degree

Celsius at daytime, 27-28 degree Celsius at night.

3. The bait was placed between the fence so that they wouldn’t move.

Night 1 The researcher successfully placed 4 kinds of trap near the backyard.
(3rd Jan
2022) 1. There was no sign of living insects when placing the trap. The
researcher checked again at 21:00 and nothing was trapped.

2. There was no smell/odor out of the trap.

Day 2 1. There were ants and a few small insects living in the fish flesh bait.
(4th Jan The dog chow and pieces of bread baits remained unchanged.
2022)

Night 2 1. It was obvious that the fish flesh color turned more red and started
(4th Jan to rot. It seemed like something had messed up the trap as they
2022) were not between the fence, but on the ground.

Day 3 1. The researcher discovered a brown lizard in the pieces of bread

(5th Jan bait.
2022) 2. The researcher left the lizard inside the trap

Night 3 1. The brown lizard had escaped away.

(5th Jan 2. The dog chow started to have a rott very badly, and the fish flesh
2022) had rotten completely.

Day 4 1. Unexpectedly, the pieces of bread had not shown the sign of
(6th Jan rotting/decomposing at all.
2022) 2. There were whiteflies and houseflies inside dog chow and pieces
of bread. The smell was very bad.

Night 4 1. Dead flies inside the fish flesh bait started to decay. There was an
(6th Jan amount of maggots inside both dog chow and pieces of bread.
2022) The bread pieces remained unchanged.
2. There were more mosquitoes around the area.

Day 5 1. The researcher made the last shot of photos. The dog chow turned
(7th Jan out to be a complete waste from decaying and decomposition
2022) with the help of maggots. Worms in the fish flesh started to crawl
out of the bait.

Night 5 1. Having had a discussion with my colleagues, the researcher was

(7th Jan forced to stop the experiment, noted below the table.
2022)

Day 6 The bait was considered too hazardous for the restaurant nearby.
(8th Jan Thus, this batch of experiments must come to a stop.
2022)

Conclusion The researcher summarized 3 possible outcomes and what he could

# say to this result:
● The bait is not effective at all because no cockroach was present in
the bait, or his family restaurant’s backyard had been cleaned
before the experiment took place.
● Cockroaches don’t like this kind of food, so they weren’t
attracted.
● Either the bait hole was too small for the cockroach to enter, or
the cockroaches don’t settle their shelter in the area(the backyard
doesn’t have a drained pipe or cracks at all).

Note: The researcher B’s experiment set was abandoned before the 14 days of the
experiment due to 2 reasons:

1. Dog Chow and Fish flesh was completely eaten by flies and maggots.
2. The researcher had to stop the process if necessary because the flies and maggots
swarmed into the restaurant.
4.6. Researcher C’s record explanation

Day Record Explanation

Day 1 The researcher places the 4 traps. The researcher has chosen an unused
bathtub as in the same bathroom many cockroaches have been
previously sighted which increases the chance of a cockroach being
caught.

Day 2 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 3 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 4 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 5 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 6 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 7 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 8 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 9 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 10 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 11 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 12 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 13 No changes to the trap were found.

Day 14 No changes to the trap were found.

Conclusi There are 3 possible outcomes:

on 1. Cockroaches aren’t attracted to the baits used.
2. The trap was ineffective at catching cockroaches.
3. There are no longer any cockroaches present in the bathroom and
the surrounding area.
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1. Brief conclusion

The experiment shows that the baits used are mostly ineffective at catching
cockroaches with some exceptions being with researcher A’s experiment, which was
able to catch a total of 5 American Cockroaches. Most of his cockroaches were caught
in either the trap with the dog chow or the fish flesh with one being caught in the
trap with the bread pieces. The baits seemed to be more effective at attracting flies
and worms however, especially with the dog chow and fish flesh which attracted
many throughout the experiment, with exception being with researcher C who
found no change to the trap throughout the course of the experiment.

5.2. Project recommendation and future direction

We recommend that the application of this experiment into the real world use the
Dog Chow Bait type for the short-term trap for the cockroach as it has attracted
cockroaches the fastest with lower maggots infection rate than the fish flesh bait
type. We do, however, recommend the applicant of this experiment for the long term
use of the bread bait type for the bait is not infected with maggot.

In the future, we could study for the most effective bait that does not get infected by
the maggots or any creature else.
 APPENDIX I

Insect Parasitic Nematodes

Insect parasitic nematodes are small, round worms that complete part of their life
cycle in insects. Several species can kill insects in this process, and some are
marketed as a biological control agent(Colorado State University, 2013).
The use of insect parasitic nematodes to control soil insects, including many
turfgrass and garden pests, has received increased attention in recent years. Insect
parasitic nematodes are also known as predator nematodes, beneficial nematodes or
entomogenous nematodes. They are sold under such trade names as BioSafe,
BioVector, Scanmask, Exhibit, Oti-Nem, and Guardian. Insect parasitic nematodes
have been studied for potential biological control of turf pests for more than 50
years. However, their increasing availability and rising public demand for
alternatives to insecticides has heightened interest in parasitic nematodes.
Nematodes are a type of roundworm in the phylum Nematoda. This is a different
order of animals from the segmented worms, such as earthworms and flatworms.
Nematodes are abundant, particularly in soil. Many feed on bacteria, some attack
plants, and others can be parasites of animals. However, each species is usually
specific in its habits. Insect parasitic nematodes, for example, develop only in insects
or other arthropods. They do not attack mammals, birds or plants.
Two genera of insect parasitic nematodes have been most actively considered for
control of insect pests. Steinernema (previously known as Neoaplectana) has been
thoroughly researched, including control studies for Japanese beetles conducted in
the 1930s. Recent attention has shifted to include the genus Heterorhabditis. Both
groups are in the order Rhabditida, the bacteria-feeding nematodes. It includes a
large number of common but frequently overlooked soilinfesting nematodes that
assist in organic matter breakdown.
 APPENDIX II

Thelastomatid Nematodes (Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea) from the Peppered Cockroach,

Archimandrita tesselata (Insecta: Blattaria) in Costa Rica

Six species of thelastomatid nematodes belonging to 6 different genera were

collected from the peppered cockroach Archimandrita tesselata Rehn, 1903, at the
Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, from 2003 to 2006. We describe
Aoruroides costaricensis n. sp. This species differs from the other described
members of the genus in female cephalic morphology and male papillae
arrangement as well as having different morphological dimensions including a
shorter female esophagus than that of Aoruroides philippinensis (Chitwood and
Chitwood, 1933) and Aoruroides queenslandensis Jex, Cribb, and Schneider, 2004,
longer esophageal corpus and isthmus than in Aoruroides legionarius Kloss, 1966,
and a much shorter male tail than that of (A. legionarius Kloss, 1966). The 5 additional
species recovered included Buzionema validum, Protrelleta floridana, Cranifera
cranifera, Hammerschmidtiella diesingi, and an unidentified species from the family
Thelastomatidae. These species are redescribed using light and scanning electron
microscopy and constitute new host and geographical records.
 GALLERY RESEARCHER A

The materials were gathered

The researcher measuring the mass of the baits

The traps were setted following the plan

The traps were fitted with 20 grams of bait

 The traps were set in the place in the storage of the restaurant

The cockroach was found in the Dog Chow batch on the 3rd day

The cockroach was found in the Fish Flesh batch on the 4th day.
2 cockroaches were found in the Fish Flesh bait on the 7th day

Maggots were found in the Fish flesh bait on the 8th day

2 cockroaches were found in the Dog Chow bait on the 10th day
 3 cockroaches were found on the 12nd day

One cockroach was found in the Bread bait on the 13th day
 GALLERY RESEARCHER B

Setting up the traps

All materials gather Ready to place Nighttime backyard

20 grams of fish flesh 20g of dog chow 20g of bread pieces

***The scale was already tared into zero before placing the bait***
All timeline of photos shot in the backyard of researcher’s restaurant
 GALLERY RESEARCHER C

20g of bread pieces 20g of fish

 20g of Cat food All the traps ready to be
placed

All the materials used All traps put in place in an unused bathtub
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