7/8

Agricultural Crop
Production
EXPLORATORY COURSE
Grade 7/8

Module # 5&6:
Interpret Plans and Drawings
 What I Need to Know

Learning Objectives:
A. Determine factors to be considered in layouting a crop farm
B. Determine the different systems of planting
C. Lay out or draw the design of your own dreamed garden.

WHAT I KNOW?
PRE-TEST

Direction: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer from
the given choices.
For numbers 1-6, refer to the given illustration.
1. How many lines of rows are in the area?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
2. How many plants can be planted in each row?
a. 1 b. 3 c. 4 d. 9
3. How many plants can be grown in the area?
a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12
4. What is the length of the rectangular garden?
a. 3m b. 5m c. 6m d. 9m
5. What is the width of the rectangular area?
a. 6m b. 9m c. 12m d. 15m
6. What system of planting is used in this layout?
a. hexagonal system
b. quincunx system
c. rectangular
d. row planting system
7. Which of the following is the simplest and easiest system of planting?
a. contour system c.
b. quincunx system
c. rectangular system
d. square system
8. Which of the following statements is not the reason why trees should be planted
in a systematic way?
a. Area can be utilized equally.
b. It would be easy to supervise.
c. Orchard operations are easy to conduct.
d. Layouting is just a waste of time and it can destroy the plants.
9. What irrigation system is used when water is supplied to the field in a controlled
or uncontrolled way?
a. basin irrigation
b. drip or trickle irrigation
c. sprinkler irrigation
d. surface irrigation
10. Which of the following irrigation system where water is sometimes applied in the
form of sprays which simulate natural rainfall?
a. basin irrigation
b. drip or trickle irrigation
c. sprinkler irrigation
d. surface irrigation
 Factors in Layouting a Crop Farm

WHAT’S IN?

TRIVIA: What do you call the act of fixing the position of

plant in the orchard?
Direction: Answer what is asked in GIVE ME WHAT I
WANT column. Look for your answers under the QUANTITY
column and note the corresponding LETTER CODE and
WORD to complete the grid and to answer the given
question.

LETTE
ITE GIVE ME WHAT I WANT QUANTIT WORD
R
M Y
WORD
Surface area of rhombus whose
1 6cm2 L You
base is 3cm and height of 2cm.
2 Number of square meters in 1ha.? 100m2 Y such
amaz
3 Surface area of the square with side 100cm2 U
i ng
10m.
Number of cm2 in a rectangle
4 240m2 O an
with the dimensions 20m x 12m.
Surface area of a triangle with a base
5 343cm3 T kid
20cm and a height of 10cm.
6 Volume of a cube whose side is 7cm. 10,000m A are
2
Now, complete the grid by writing the LETTER CODE
in the boxes on the first row and the WORD on the second
row that corresponds to your answer. The letters and the
words you correctly formed answer the questions below.
It refers to fixing the position of plant in an
orchard.
What is the message of this activity using
the
WORDS you correctly arranged?
ITEM NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6
With your knowledge in solving surface areas and volumes, you were able to
answer the trivia. This knowledge is very important in the next topic since in layouting
selected site, measurements of areas takes first.

WHAT’S NEW?
 Take your time in reading the strips. If
you were the father, what will be youranswer
to the questions of your child?

 Riparian areas include flood plains adjacent to rivers and

streams, as well asother waterways.
 Wetlands (Areas of land which are either temporarily or
permanently covered by shallow water and play a crucial role in
the recycling of nutrients) Wetlands are highly ecologically
productive, and should not be drained, filled, or used as storage. 
 Drainage lines looking out for your run. Leave at least 20
m for small streams and 50–100 m for rivers such as the
Hawkesbury – Nepean, a strip of unclear native
vegetation between the top of the bank and yourfarming
activities. This buffer zone intercepts and filters run-off
of chemicals and nutrients from farms.

Soil types
Soil types must be suitable to the crop being
cultivated. Deep, well drained sands, sandy loams,
and loams are the better types of soil. Heavy clays
are much less suitable as they drain poorly and are
easily waterlogged. When in question, do soils form
physical check?

Factors in Layouting a Crop Farm

 What have you observe in terms the design of
planting most applied in your community?
We are so very lucky enough to be the future food
provider of our community and nation as a whole.
However in order to produce products, we should be able
to determine the types of soil and different system of
planting. This day another lesson you will learn from our
topic. Fasten your seatbelt, relax and enjoy our lesson.
ORCHARD PLANTING AND PLANTING DESIGNS
LAYOUTING
Layout means fixing the position of trees, roads,
buildings, etc. in an orchard being planned. Systems of
layout refer to the design of planting the trees. It is
desirable to have the trees planted in a systematic way.
1. Allowing equidistance for uniform growth for each tree.
2. Allow easy orchard operations such as cultivation,
intercropping, irrigation, plant protection chemicals
spraying and growth regulators, harvesting and so on
3. Proper use of orchard space avoiding land wastage.
4. Support with proper monitoring and orchard management.
5. Allow additional area extension from time to time so that
future planting can suit existing orchard planting.

The Farming for the Future program (FFTF) can help you plan the best
layout of the farms. It is a NSW government agencies initiative
focused on entire farm planning. A whole farm plan takes the
physical, financial, and human / personal resources of the farm into
account for both now and the future.

Site Assessment
An on-site assessment of a farm is necessary in order to draw a map
according to the topography, boundaries, soil, water resources, and
so on of the property, and to formulate a farm business plan.

Government Plans
Environmental plans can help to reduce unforeseen risks and
enhance your farm business. Council approval or development
consent may be needed for siting greenhouses, siting and
constructing dams, or erecting hail and windbreak netting.

WHERE TO OBTAIN A PLAN

A farm irrigation plan can be obtained from consultants in irrigation
engineering as well as from reputable dealers in irrigation equipment.

DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

1. SURFACE IRRIGATION- Water is applied either in the regulated or
unregulated way to the ground.

1.1FURROW IRRIGATION
Just a portion of the surface of the land (the
furrow) is wetted thereby reducing the loss of
evaporation

1.2. BORDER IRRIGATION SYSTEM

1. Controlled surface flooding is performed in

border irrigation, whereby the field is divided into
strips by parallel ridges or dikes and each strip is
irrigated separately by the injection of water
upstream, eventually covering the entire strip.

2. Border irrigation is suitable for crops, e.g. wheat, which can

withstand flooding for a short time.

3. It can be used for all crops, provided that the system is built to
provide the water control required for crop irrigation.
4. It is suitable between extremely high and very low rates of
infiltration to soil.
5. Water is applied slowly in boundary irrigation.
6. Water is applied gradually down the field to the root zone.
7. The application flow is cut-off at a time to reduce loss of water.
8. There is ideally no runoff and deep percolation.
9. The problem is that it is hard to decide when to turn off the inflow.

Design Parameters of Border Irrigation System

a) Strip width- Leveling must eliminate cross slopes because there are
no furrows to limit lateral movement, any cross-slope can cause water
to travel down one side, leading to poor efficiency in application and
likely erosion.

The available stream size should also be taken into consideration

when selecting a stripe width.
The size should be adequate to allow maximum lateral distribution
across the length of the strip.
The width of the water supply strip depends on the length of the
strip.
The strip width should be, where appropriate, at least greater than
the size of the vehicle construction tract.

b) Strip Slope -For furrow irrigation the longitudinal slopes should be

almost the same.
c) Construction of Levees- Levees should be large enough to
withstand erosion, and high enough to contain the irrigation stream.

d) Selection of the Advance Stream: • The maximum advance stream

used should be non-erosive and should therefore be protected by the
crop cover. Clay soils are less susceptible to erosion but at high water
velocities suffer surface panning.
e) The Length of the Strip: .The ideal lengths can be obtained by field
tests.

1.3. Basin Irrigation System

Water is diverted to larger areas in the drainage system.

•Ideal to irrigate rice.
•The surface is usually flat.
•A very high stream size is inserted into the basin in the irrigation basin
so that rapid water movement is obtained.
•Water initially did not infiltrate much.
•The bond is put at the edge, and water will pond the ground.
•The time gap between the upward and downward ends of
opportunity is reduced.
•Basin size is related to the depth of the stream and to the form of soil.

2. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
The sprinkler system is ideal in areas where
water is scarce. Water is applied in the form of
sprays sometimes simulating natural rainfall. If
well planned, designed, and operated.

Components of a Sprinkler Irrigation System

a)Fully portable system: All laterals, handles,

sub-mains, and pumping plants are portable. The system is designed
to be moved from one field to another or other pumping sites in the
same area
b) Semi-portable system: Water supply and pumping stations are
installed at the site. You can switch other elements. Even when more
than one fixed pumping plant is used, the machine cannot be shifted
from field to field or from farm
c) Fully permanent system: The sprinkler can be used on permanent
irrigation fields and for relatively high value crops e.g. orchards and
vineyards.
A.DRIP OR TRICKLE IRRIGATION

ADVANTAGES:
•Water is directly applied to the crop. Not the
entire field is wetted.
•Water is being conserved
•Weeds are regulated because weeds can only
grow in the places that get water.
•A low pressure system is in place.
•There is a slow application rate of water
somewhat in line with the consumptive use. Rate
of application can be as small as 1-12 l / hr.
•There is decreased evaporation; attention is
given only to potential transpiration.
•A drainage system isn't required.

Assessment
swer Answer Key
Reference/s

 K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum: Technology and livelihood

Education learning Module Exploratory Course Grade 7 & 8
 http://www.thucphamantoanviet.vn/a-aproducers-and-
traders/aegetables-fruits-tea/a-quality-assurance-systems/1200_-_ffv_-
_gap__sop_for_cleaning_equipments_tools_containers_handling_and_st
orag e_areas_for_fresh_vegetables_-_version_3.0.pdf /
 https://www.google.com/search?q=activity+sheet+in+farm+implements
&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiX0cmj1vfqAhUMXJQKHaHxAJIQ2
 http://www.antiquefarmtools.info.
 https://www.google.com/search?q=performance+rubric+examples+IN+
TLE&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiE0tGmsPnqAhUOBaYKHVzCCosQ2-
 https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/471329917221576448/