QUESTIONS

1. ……………………………
DATA are values of qualitative variables belong to a set
of items.
DATA
2. ………………………. Are typically the results of measurements and, can
be visualizes using graphs or images
INFORMATION
3. ……………………….. is the end product of data processing
4. Write the full meaning of POS ………………………………………..
POINT OF SALE
5. …………………….
QUALITATIVE and QUANTITATIVE
……………….. are the two types of data? QUALITATIVE DATA
(FAVOURITE
6. Data that are not given numerically are called? List examples. COLOR,PLACE)
7. Data that takes on numerically values e.g. shoe size, number of
brothers, numbers of cars are called? …………………… CATEGORICAL DATA
NUMERICAL DATA
8. Another name for Quantitative data in ………………?
CONTINUOUS
9. DISCRETE
……….. and ……….. are the two types of numerical data.
10. ………………
DISCRETE data only takes on specific numeric values.
CONTINUOUS
11. …………………data only takes numerical values.
12. Data that represent items that can be counted and takes on
possible values that can be listed out are ……………… DISCRETE DATA -VAIUE MAYBE FIXED OR FRM 0,1,2

13. ………………… data represent measurements; their possible values

CONTINUOUS

cannot be counted and can only be described using intervals in real

number?
14. …………………. Data is though of being uncountably infinite
CONTINUOUS

15. DISCRETE
………………. data is through of being fixed or may go from 0,1,2 to
infinity?
16. …………………….. ORDINAL data mixes numerically and categorical data.
17. …………………….
PRIMARY And …………………..
SECONDARY are the sources of data?
18. The term used for data collected from a source or data that has not
been subjected to processing or any other manipulation? PRIMARY DATA
19. The term used for data collected from others being reanalyzed is
……………………………
SECONDARY DATA
20. ……………,…………………,…………….., and ………… MAILING are the sources data can
EXPERIMENTAL SAMPLE SURVEY OBSERVATIONAL
STUDIES
be generated from?
21. Source of data generation that clearly shows causes –and – effect is
……………?
EXPERIMENTAL SOURCE OF DATA GENERATION

22. Experiment almost always have two distinct variables namely

DEPENDENT
…………. & ……………..?
INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE
VARIABLE
23. ………………… source of data generation involve the selection and
SAMPLE SURVEY
study of a sample of items from a population?
 SAMPLE
24. In ………………………. Is a set of numbers chosen from a population, but
not the whole population.
25. InOBSERVATIONAL
……………………. STUDY Study, the I Vs (independent variables) are not

manipulated by the experimenter.

26. A research instruments consisting of series question and other
prompts for purpose of gathering information from respondent is
called………………..?
MAILING OF QUESTIONAIRE

27. Two types of question formats that exists in the design of a

E
OPEN ENDED
questionnaire are ………….. and …………..? CLOSE ENDED

28. ………………..
OPEN ENDED type of question formats asks the respondents to
formulates his own answers.
29. CLOSE
………………..
ENDED types of question format gives options for the
respondents to choose from.
30. ………………….
PARTICIPANT Is one type of data collected method typically done in
the qualitative research paradigm
31. The sequence of operations performed on data to convert it into
useful information is called ……………..?
DATA PROCESSING

32. ……………………
DATA ANALYSIS is a body of methods that help to describe facts, defect
patterns, develop explanations and test hypotheses?
33. ……………………
VALIDATION is the process of ascertaining that interviews actually
were conducted as specified
34. In data processing, measurements are typically stored as? INTEGERS, FIXED POINT
POST FIXED
35. The editing of datas can be done at two stages………… FIELD
and ………..?
36. …………….
CODING Is the process of assigning some alphabetical or numerical
symbols or both to answers.
37. ………………
CLEANING Is the process of removing involved points from a dataset
38. Data can be presented in three ways namely……………, ……………. And
TABULAR STATISTICAL
CARTOGRAPHIC
……………?
39. Cartographic presentations includes the constructions of ………………,GRAPH

………………
CHARTS and ………….?
DIAGRAM

40. The construction of graphs, charts and diagrams and maps are the
various forms of…………….
CARTOGRAPHIC

41. ……………..
TABULAR Form of data presentation is used for summarization of
data in its micro form?
42. The statistical measures that enable us to work out a single
representation figure for the entire data distribution is known as
………………?
CENTRAL TENDENCY
43. The commonly used measures of central tendency are ……………………, MEAN,MEDIAN
and………….?
MODE

44. Types of data display using graphs

GRAPH LINE GRAPH OR PIE CHARTS
are………….,…………,………..,……………,…………,………..?
BAR CHARTS HISTOGRAM SCATTER

45. The art of expressing a given data/information in a written or oral

form to provide a logical explanation for a given facts is called
INTERPRETATION OF INFORMATION
………….?
46. ……………
TABLE is a compact orderly arrangement of facts ………..?
47. Interpretation of table needs to values start with identification of
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
………. And ……….. ? THE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS CLASSES
48. The second step in interpretation of tables relates to the …………….?
49. The third step in the analysis of a table relates to the …………………? INFERENCES DERIVED

step used/required for data analysis

50. List the five steps required for data analysis. TABULATION & STATISCAL ANALYSIS
VALIDATION & EDITING,CODING,DATA ENTRYING,CLEANING OF DATA,

51. ………………..
RESEARCH is a common parlance refers to a search for knowledge.

52. …………….
RESEARCH Is considered by some people as a movement from the

known to the unknown.

53. ………… is a voyage of discovering.
RESEARCH

54. According toCLIFFORD ……………… WOODY

research comprises defining and redefining
problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting,
organizing and evaluating data.
M.STEPHENSON
55. According to ………….. D.SLESINGER
and …………. Research is defined as the
manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of
generating to extend, correct a verify knowledge.
DISCOVER ANS 2 QUESTION THRU APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
56. The purpose of research is to ………….. ?
57. The main CONCEPTION
aim of VS research is to ………….?FIND OUT TRUTH WHICH IS HIDDEN & WHICH HAS NOT BEEN DISCOVERED
QUANTITATIVE VS DISCRIPTIVE VS APPLIED VS FUNDAMENTAL
58. QUALITATIVE
…………….,…………..,…………..
EMPRICAL
ANALYTTICAL
and ………… are the basic types of
research.
2 DISCRIBE D STATE OF AFFAIR
59. The major purpose of descriptive research is ……………? Or method.
60. The type of research (descriptive) in which the researcher has no
control over the variables: is ……………. EX POST FACTO?
61. Types of research studies include attempts by researchers to
discover causes even when they cannot control the variable. EXPOST FACTO
APPLIED
62. ………….. research aims at finding solution for an immediate problem
facing a security or an industrial/business organization.
63. …………………
FUNDAMENTAL
research is mainly concerned with generalization and
with formulation of a theory
64. Gathering knowledge to knowledge for knowledge’s save is termed. FUNDAMENTAL
RESEARCH
 ANSWERS 1

1. Data
2. Data
3. Information
4. Point- of – sale
5. Qualitative and quantitative
6. Qualitative data. E.g favorite colors, places of
7. Categorical data
8. Numerical data
9. Discrete and continuous
10. Discrete
11. Continuous
12. Discrete data – values may be fixed, finite or may go from 0, 1, 2
13. Continuous data
14. Continuous data
15. Discrete data
16. Ordinal
17. Primary and secondary
18. Primary data
19. Secondary data
20. Experiments, sample survey, observational studies, mailing or
question area
21. Experiments source of data generation
22. Independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV)
23. Sample surveys
24. Sample
25. Observational study
26. Mailing of questionnaires
27. Open ended questions and close ended questions
28. Open ended 33. Validation
29. Close 34. Integers, fixed points
30. Participants 35. Fied and post field
observation editing
31. Data processing 36. Coding
32. Data analysis
37. Cleaning
38. Tabular, statistical and cartographic
39. Graphs,, charts and diagrams & maps
40. Cartographic presentation
41. Tabular presentation
42. Central tendency
43. Arithmetic mean or average, median & mode
44. Bar, charts, histograms, scatter graphs, box plots, pie charts, line
graphs
45. Interpretation of information
46. Table
47. Minimum and maximum values
48. The analysis of various classes and their frequencies
49. Inferences derived
50. 1. Validation and editing
2. Coding
3. data entry
4. cleaning of data
5. Tabulation and statistical analysis
6.
51. Research
52. Research
53. Research
54. Clifford woody
55. D. Slesinger and M. Stephenson
56. Discover answer to questions through the amplication of scientic
procedures
57. Find out truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered
yet.
58. 1. Quantitative Vs Qualitative
2. Conceptual VS Emperical
3. Descriptive Vs Analytical
4. Applied Vs Fundamental
59. The description of the state of affairs as its exists at the present.
60. Ex post facto – The researcher can only report what has happened or
what is happening.
61. Expost facto
62. Applied research
63. Fundamental research
64. Fundamental research
QUESTIONS
A REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE
1. All good research are guided by ………………………….
2. Literature review provide the ………………………………BED ROCK

3. Primary source of literature review includes …………………. NEWS PAPER And

………………………..
MAGAZINES

4. …………………………..
SECONDARY SOURCEis the most important source of information for

literature review.
PRELIMINARY SOURCE OF
5. ……………………….
INFORMATION Provides information leading to location & retrieval
of major sources.
JOURNALS PROJECTS THESIS DISSERTATION
6. ……......, ………….., ………….. and ……………. Are the secondary sources
of literature review
7. Literature review is organized on the basis of ………….. SIMILARITIES
and
…………………
COMMONALITIES

8. …………………
SUB-HEADING
are used to cover the different areas of research.
9. What is your research topic? PRODUCTION OF PULP PAPER FROM NON-WOODY PLANTS IN NIGERIA
(PUT UR
TOPIC)

10. In material referencing which of the style is used by University of

Uyo. HARVARD STYLES
APA HARVARD STYLES
11. The most used referencing include ………….. and …………
12. Data are typically the ………. RESULTOf measurement and can be visualized

using ……………..
GRAPH and ……………….
IMAGES

13. The distinct b/w data and information is that info is the ……………. Of
END PRODUCTS

data processing
14. ……………..
DISCRETE data can only take specific numeric values.
NUMBER OF NUMBER OF

15. ……….., ……… and …………

SHOE SIZE BROTHER CARS
are example of discrete data.
16. …………………….
CONTINUOUS Data can take any numeric value.
17. ……………, ………….. and ………….
HEIGHT MASS LENGTH Are examples of continuous data

18. …………………………
PRIMARY DATA is the data not subject to manipulation.
19. The person doing experiment is called ……………… EXPERIMENTAL

20. ………………
EXPERIMENT sources is used to detect cause-and-effect relationships.
21. A survey of the whole population is called ……………. CENSUS

22. ……………. Is used for sample in which every item in the population is
RANDOM SAMPLE

equally likely to be selected.

OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
23. Scientific research is base on EXPERIMENT
…………. And …………..
24. Observational findings are generally regarded as less compelling
than ……………..
EXPERIMENTAL
findings.
MAILING OF QUESTIONAIRES
25. ………………….. is the most extensively used method in economic and
business research.
OUESTIONER
26. A person that issues the questionnaires is know as ……………..
 FORMULATES
27. Open ended questions ask respondent to ………. His own answer.
28. Close ended questions ask respondent to ………….. from the options.
CHOOSE

29. …………………..
CONTENT ANALYSIS
is a research tool used to determine the presence of
certain words with texts or sets of texts. CULTURAL MEDIA STUDIES
30. Textual analysis is useful for researcher working in …………, STUDIES ……………
and …………….
MASS COMMUNICATION

31. Data must be processed in order to convert into …………. INFORMATION

32. ……………………
CLASSIFYING process separate data into various categories.

33. ………………….
VALIDATION Process ensures that data is clean, correct & useful.
34. …………………. Process combined multiple piece at data.
AGGREGATE
MUTUAL MECHANICAL
35. …………, …………, MANUAL
and …………. Are methods used in accomplishing data
ELECTRONIC

processing.
36. A body of methods that help to describe facts, detect patterns,
develop explanation & test hypothesis is known as ………………….. DATA ANALYSIS

37. ……………………
FIELD EDITING is a review of reporting by investigator for completing

what has been written in an abbreviated form during interviewing of

the ……………………..
RESPONDENT
POST FIELD EDITING
38. ………………….. is carried out when field survey is completed and all
forms of research schedule have been collected together.
39. The step of data analysis that involves assigning some alphabetical
or numerical symbols or both to answer is called ……………………. CODING

40. The removing of invalid data points from a data set is known as
…………………..
CLEANING
OUTLIERS
41. ………………. Are points which stand out for not following a pattern
which is generally visible in the data.
GRAPH CHARTS DIAGRAMS MAP
42. The construction of ………………,………..,………….., and ………. Are various
forms
TABULAR
of cantographic presentation.
43. ……………… is used to summarizes data into micro form.
PRESENTATION

GRAPHIC
44. PRESENTATION
………………. Is the presentation of data in visual form refers either to
time, space or to both.
TABLE
45. ………………… is a compact orderly arrangement of facts.
46. Graphs, diagrams and maps are labeled as ……………. FIGURE In technical
report.
47. Theories are constructed to explain ………………. NEW PROBLEM OR THEORIES
LOGICAL, EMPRICAL, SYSTEMATIC
48. Scientific method of knowledge seeking involves ………., ………., ……….
And ………..
INTEGRATED PROCESS

49. ………………
THEORY is a postulation requiring further explanation in order to
make meaning.
 RESEARCH
50. ……………… is a movement from the known to the unknown.
51. ……………… is a systematic approach concerning generalization & the
RESEARCH

formulation of theory.
52. The purpose of research is to ……………….. TO ANS QUESTION THRU APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

53. The term used in social science and business for descriptive research
is …………………..
EX-POST- FACTO-RESEARCH
54. …………………..
APPLIED research aim at providing a solution for an immediate
problem facing a society or an industrial / business organization.
55. In …………..
APPLIED research the central aim is to discover a solution for
some practical problems.
MOTIVATION RESEARCH
56. …………… is the kind of research that aim at discovering the underline
motive and desires using in depth interview for purpose.
RESEARC METHOD
57. ………………. Refers to the method the researchers used in performing
research operation.
58. Research technique refers to the BEHAVIOUR ……….. and …….. we use in
INSTRUMENTS

performing research operations.

MAILING RECORDING PROCESSING
59. OBSERVATION
…………, …………., DATA
and ………….
DATA
Are research techniques.
SELECTING
60. Research method refers to behaviour & instrument used in …….. and
………… research techniques.
CONSTRUCTING

61. ………………… is the science of studying how research is done

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

scientifically.
BACKGROUND 2 THE
62. ………………
STUDY is undertaken after problem identification.
A GOOD BACKGROUND
63. Selection of researchable topic will set the pace for …………….
64. A research is said to be meaningless and how no focus when it
………….
WITHOUT PROBLEM STATEMENT
JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
65. In research significance can be regarded as …………….
66. LITERATURE
………………. Helps in the identification of solutions that may be used
REVIEW

in solving particular problems.

67. ……………..
INDEXES gives information leading to retrieved of articles published
in wide range of journal.
68. ……………..
ABSTRACT
is a short account of information necessary for the
retrieval of the work.
69. ……………
CATALOGUES provide information leading to the location and retrieval of
books from library.
70. In literature review of a research work information are organized in
relation of area of study using ………… SUB-THEMES

71. ……………
STUDY AREA
describes the coverage and location of the research in
question.
 RESEARCH DESIGN
72. ………………. Describes procedure in conduct of a given research.
73. A proportion of the population to be study is known as …………. SAMPLE SIZE
74. The kind of sampling techniques which is unbiased is known as
…………………………..
RANDOM SAMPLING

75. ………………. Is used for study of a large population.

CLUSTER SAMPLING

76. The kind of question which is presented to the respondent with two
options is known as …………. DICHOTOMUS
77. The kind of question presented with three alternative of answers is
known as ……………….
TRICHOTOMUS

78. The kind of question provided with two or more options is known as
……………..
MUTIPLE CHOICE

79. HISTOGRAM
…………. And ………. POLYGON Are two basic tool data can be analysed with.
80. ………………. Is used to show relationship between dependable and
GRAPH
independable variable.
DISCUSSION
81. The most important part of a technical report is ……………….
82. LIMITATION
………… are the influence that the researcher cannot control.
83. The method used to establish internal and external validity is called
LIMITATION
………………… YOUR ANALYSIS
84. Limitation is considered on the basis of ………………….. SAMPLE (list three
TIME CONSTRAINTS
only).
85. Findings cannot be generalized to larger population in …………
research. QUALITATIVE
86. RESEARCHER
…………. Acknowledgement of a study’s limitation is an opportunity to
make for further ……………………
RESEARCH

87. The primarily focus of research topic is expressed in terms of

…………… and ……………
AIMS OBJECTIVE
88. The characteristics of research objective is given in acronyms as
……………..
SMART

89. …………………
AIMS are general intentions of your research which point out
pictures of your research proposal
90. ………………
LIMITATION
gives steps on how to manifest concepts and theories.
THEMATIC THEORETICAL
91. Aims gives research ………. And …………. Directions.
92. ……………………
ABSTRACT is written at the completion of a research work.
93. …………… is place at the beginning of a research work.
ABSTRACT
ANSWERS

1. A review of relevant literature

2. Bed rock
3. Newspaper and magazines
4. Secondary source
5. Preliminary source of information
6. Journals, projects, thesis and dissertation
7. Similarities and commonalities
8. Subheadings
9. Your own research topic
10. Harvard Style
11. APA and Harvard style
12. Result, graphs, and images
13. End products
14. Discrete
15. Shoe size, number of brothers, number of cars
16. Continuous
17. Height, mass and length
18. Primary data
19. Experimental
20. Experiment
21. Census
22. Random sample
23. Experiment and observational studies
24. Experimental
25. Mailing of questionnaires
26. Questioner
27. Formulates
28. Choose
29. Content analysis
30. Cultural studies, media studies and mass communication
31. Information
32. Classifying
33. Validation
34. Aggregate
35. Mutual data processing, Mechanical manual processing and
electronic data processing
36. Data analysis
37. Field editing, respondent
38. Post field editing
39. Coding
40. Cleaning
41. Outliers
42. Drafts, charts, diagrams and maps
43. Tabular presentation
44. Graphic presentation
45. Table
46. Figure
47. Events or new problems
48. A logical, empirical, systematic and integrated process
49. Theory
50. Research
51. Research
52. To answer questions through application of scientific procedures
53. Ex-post-facto research
54. Applied
55. Applied
56. Motivation research
57. Research method
58. Behaviour and instruments
59. Mailing observation, recording data and processing data
60. Selecting and constructing
61. Research methodology
62. Background to the study
63. A good background
64. Without the problem statement
65. Justification of the study
66. Literature review
67. Indexes
68. Abstract
69. Catalogues
70. Subthemes
71. Study area
72. Research design
73. Sample size
74. Random sampling
75. Cluster sampling
76. Dichotomous questions
77. Trichotomous questions
78. Multiple choice
79. Histogram and polygon also you can used central tendency (mean,
median, mode)
80. Graph
81. Discussion
82. Limitation
83. Limitation
84. Your analysis, sample, time constraints
85. Qualitative
86. Research
87. Aims and objective
88. SMART
89. Aims
90. limitation
91. Thematic & theoretical
92. Abstract
93. Abstract