LASER-BASED SECURITY SYSTEM

Project Overview / Background:

Introduction:
A laser-based Security System is a security and alarm system that uses laser light and a light
sensor. A security system protects our homes, offices, banks, lockers, etc., from intrusion and
unauthorized access. Different security systems are available, and laser-based security
systems are essential and efficient.

Need of Work / Reason for selection of this project:

In this project, we have designed a simple DIY lased based security system, which acts like a
tripwire like a security system and triggers an alarm when the laser is interrupted.

Objective:
A Laser security system can act as a standalone system, which makes some sound or noise
when it detects any irregular activity. Or can be part of a much bigger security and home
automation system, which can send messages, call the owner, etc.

Problem Statement:
This project aims to identify people's security issues and eliminate them using a simple yet
effective security system based on laser technology.

Block diagram with explanation:

The design of the laser security system circuit is straightforward. We will see the creation of
the course in this section, and in the working explanation, we will see the working of the
individual component. Coming to the design of the circuit, first, the LDR and a 10 KΩ
resistor remain connected in a voltage divider fashion, and its output (common point) remains
connected to the pin 3 (non – inverting), the Op-Amp IC LM358. For the inverting terminal
(pin 2), attach a 10 KΩ potentiometer (the other two POT terminals remain connected to
VCC and GND). The Op-Amp (Pin 1) output remains connected to the base of the transistor
(BC547) through a resistor. The trigger pin of 555 (Pin 2) remains pulled high using a 10 KΩ
resistor. A buzzer is connected to pin 3 of 555 IC. The reset pin (pin 4) of the 555 remains
connected to VCC out of a 10 KΩ resistor, alongside a push-button remains connected
between Pin 4 of 555 and GND. A bypass capacitor of 100 nF remains connected between
pins five and GND.

Benefits to the surrounding/society:

This security system has been used both inside and outside houses. These work as effective
perimeter systems around properties. We can utilize regular power outlets and jacks in indoor
systems, making them inconspicuous. Talking about the outdoors, this can be hidden without
causing any damage and very quickly behind the bushes. Any unknown person crossing this
invisible boundary triggers the alarm in the system, making us aware of the unfamiliar
person. So that we can take the required steps to protect ourselves, it can remain easily
installed even without practiced technicians. A high technological innovation cost has
remained cut to a large extent for this security system. So, ultimately we come forward with a
very affordable and safe security system.

Methodology:
This project has developed a simple, cheap, and effective laser-based security system. Let us
see the working of this project. First, the Op-Amp circuit acts as a comparator, i.e., it
compares the voltages at the inverting and non – inverting terminals and produces an output
accordingly. The LDR – 10 KΩ resistor Voltage divider remains connected to Op-Amp's non
– inverting terminal, and a POT remains attached to the inverting terminal. Assume the laser
pointer is placed directly in the line of sight to the LDR, and the light from the laser is
continuously incident on LDR. In this situation, the resistance of LDR falls to a few Ohms (or
tens of Ohms), and as a result, the voltage at the non – inverting terminal will be less than
that at the inverting voltage. The output of the Op-Amp is low, and the transistor is OFF.

Advantages
The circuit, construction, and set up for the Laser Security System are straightforward. The
laser security system can work even with a power outage if used with a battery.

Limitations
The laser security system works only if the laser remains obstructed. If the intruder passes
without blocking the laser, it remains a failure. To secure a larger area, we need more lasers
and corresponding sensors.
Project requirements:

LDR, Op-Amp IC, Resistors, Potentiometers, Transistors, Buzzer, capacitor, push-button,

laser pointer, battery, connecting wires, and breadboard.

Applications
Laser Security System can remain used in safety lockers in our homes, where even if the
locker's code remains hacked, it acts as an additional layer of security. Apart from security
systems, this laser-based setup can also remain used to check if pets or babies crossed a
specific boundary

Facilities required (include software, hardware):

Soldering remains needed for the making of the project.
S.NO Components Specifications Rate in Rupees Budget:
Required
Op-Amp IC LM358 10-50 Rs
1
2 Timer IC NE555 10-50 Rs
3 LDR - 100Rs
4 Resistors 10KΩ (1/4 10Rs
Watt)
5 Resistors 220Ω (1/4 Watt) 10Rs
6 Potentiometer 10KΩ 50-60Rs
7 NPN Transistor BC547 50-100Rs
8 Small Buzzer - 200-250 Rs
9 Capaciter 100Nf (Ceramic 10-50Rs
disc type
Code 104
10 Push Button - 50-60Rs

11 Laser Pointer - 150-200Rs

12 Battery 9V 20-50Rs
13 Connecting - 100-150Rs
wires
14 Breadboard (Protytyping 100-150Rs
board)
1000-1500 Rs is the total budget of the project.

References:
https://circuitdigest.com/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/

Mini Project Co-Ordinator

H.O.D