You are on page 1of 32

Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.

com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

Academic Word List:

Sublist 5

47
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

academy
[əkædəmi]

noun
1. a learned establishment for the advancement of knowledge.

n (thing) verb adj opposite


academia x academic x
academy
n (person) verb forms adv other
academic x academically x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: (in) academic circles, academic achievement, academic career, academic
community, academic debate, academic discipline, academic discourse,
academic institution, academic journal, academic life, academic performance,
academic research, academic skills, academic study, academic success,
academic work, academic world, academic writing, academic year.
_________________________________________________________________

adjust
[ədʒʌst]

verb
1. alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard. [Syn: set,
correct]
2. adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions. E.g.: We must adjust
to the bad economic situation [Syn: conform, adapt]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


adjustment adjust adjusted x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x adjusted x readjust
adjusting readjustment
adjusts

48
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

alter
[ɔltɜr]

verb
1. cause to change; make different; cause a transformation. E.g.: The advent of
the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city [Syn:
change, modify]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


alteration alter alterable unalterable
alternate alternate alternating unaltered

n (person) verb forms adv other


x altered x x
altering
alternating
alters

_________________________________________________________________

amend
[əmend]

verb
1. make amendments to. E.g.: amend the document
2. set straight or right. [Syn: rectify, remediate, remedy, repair]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


amendment amend x x

n (person) verb forms adv other


x amended x x
amending
amends

49
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

aware
[əwer]

adj
1. alert and fully informed. E.g.: politically aware, the most...technically aware
of the novelists under thirty- W.S.Graham [Syn: knowing, knowledgeable]
2. (sometimes followed by `of') having or showing realization or perception. E.g.:
was aware of his opponent's hostility, became aware of her surroundings,
aware that he had exceeded the speed limit
3. (usually followed by `of') having knowledge or understanding. E.g.: I am well
aware of his limitations [Syn: cognizant, cognisant, well aware]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


awareness x aware unaware

n (person) verb forms adv other


x x x x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: greater awareness, growing awareness, increased awareness, increasing
awareness, public awareness.
adv+adj: acutely aware, fully aware, increasingly aware, keenly aware, well aware.
v+adj: become aware, make aware.
v+n: increase awareness, raise awareness.

50
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

capacity
[kəpæsəti]
noun
1. the amount that can be contained. E.g.: the gas tank has a capacity of 12
gallons [Syn: content]
2. the power to learn or retain knowledge; in law, the ability to understand the
facts and significance of your behavior. [Syn: mental ability]
3. a specified function. E.g.: he was employed in the capacity of director, he
should be retained in his present capacity at a higher salary
4. the maximum production possible. E.g.: the plant is working at 80% capacity
n (thing) verb adj opposite
capacity x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x incapacitate
incapacitated
_________________________________________________________________

challenge
[tʃæləndʒ]
verb
1. take exception to. E.g.: She challenged his claims [Syn: dispute, gainsay]
noun
1. a demanding or stimulating situation. E.g.: they reacted irrationally to the
challenge of Russian power
2. questioning a statement and demanding an explanation. E.g.: his challenge of
the assumption that Japan is still our enemy
n (thing) verb adj opposite
challenge challenge challenging x
n (person) verb forms adv other
challenger challenged x x
challenges
challenging
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: major challenge, serious challenge.
v+n: face (a) challenge, pose (a) challenge, present (a) challenge.

51
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

clause
[klɔz]
noun
1. (grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting
a complete sentence.
2. a separate section of a legal document (as a statute or contract or will). [Syn:
article]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
clause x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x
_________________________________________________________________

compound
[kɑmpaʊnd]
adj
1. composed of many distinct individuals united to form a whole or colony. [Syn:
colonial]
2. consisting of two or more substances or ingredients or elements or parts. E.g.:
soap is a compound substance, housetop is a compound word, a
blackberry is a compound fruit
verb
1. put or add together. [Syn: combine]
2. make more intense, stronger, or more marked. [Syn: intensify, heighten, deepen]
noun
1. a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts.
n (thing) verb adj opposite
compound compound compound x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x compounded x x
compounding
compounds

52
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

conflict
[kɑnflɪkt]
verb
1. go against, as of rules and laws. E.g.: This behavior conflicts with our rules
[Syn: run afoul, infringe, contravene]
2. be in conflict. E.g.: The two proposals conflict!
noun
1. a state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests. E.g.: his conflict of
interest made him ineligible for the post, a conflict of loyalties
2. a disagreement or argument about something important. E.g.: the familiar
conflict between Republicans and Democrats [Syn: dispute, difference]
3. an incompatibility of dates or events. E.g.: he noticed a conflict in the dates
4. a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in a war. [Syn: battle, fight]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
conflict conflict conflicting x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x conflicted x x
conflicting
conflicts
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: armed conflict, internal conflict, political conflict, potential conflict, social
conflict, conflicting interests.
v+n: come into conflict (with), resolve (a) conflict.
_________________________________________________________________

consult
[kənsʌlt]
verb
1. seek information from. E.g.: You should consult the dictionary [Syn: refer]
2. get or ask advice from. E.g.: They had to consult before arriving at a decision
n (thing) verb adj opposite
consultancy consult consultative x
consultation
n (person) verb forms adv other
consultant consulted x x
consulting
consults
53
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

contact
[kɑntækt]

verb
1. be in direct physical contact with; make contact. E.g.: The wire must not
contact the metal cover, The surfaces contact at this point [Syn: touch,
adjoin, meet]
2. be in or establish communication with. E.g.: He never contacted his children
after he emigrated to Australia [Syn: reach, get through, get hold of]

noun
1. the state or condition of touching or of being in immediate proximity. E.g.:
litmus paper turns red on contact with an acid
2. a person who is in a position to give you special assistance. E.g.: he used his
business contacts to get an introduction to the governor [Syn: middleman]
3. a communicative interaction. E.g.: the pilot made contact with the base [Syn:
touch]
4. the physical coming together of two or more things. E.g.: contact with the pier
scraped paint from the hull [Syn: impinging, striking]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


contact contact contactable x

n (person) verb forms adv other


x contacted x x
contacting
contacts

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: close contact, direct contact, first contact, personal contact, physical
contact, sexual contact, social contact.
v+n: come into contact (with), maintain contact, make contact.

54
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

decline
[dɪklaɪn]

verb
1. refuse to accept. [Syn: refuse, reject, pass up, turn down]
2. go down. E.g.: The roof declines here

noun
1. a condition inferior to an earlier condition; a gradual falling off from a better
state. [Syn: declination]
2. a downward slope or bend. [Syn: descent, declivity, fall, declination, declension,
downslope]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


decline decline x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x declined x x
declines
declining
_________________________________________________________________

discrete
[dɪskrit]

adj
1. constituting a separate entity or part. E.g.: a government with three discrete
divisions [Syn: distinct]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


discretion x discrete indiscrete
discretionary indiscretion
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x discretely x

55
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

draft
[dræft]

verb
1. draw up an outline or sketch for something. E.g.: draft a speech [Syn: outline]

noun
1. preliminary version of a written work. [Syn: draft copy]
2. a preliminary sketch of a design or picture. [Syn: rough drawing]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


draft draft x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x drafted x redraft
drafting
drafts
_________________________________________________________________

enable
[eneɪbəl]

verb
1. render capable or able for some task. E.g.: This skill will enable you to find a
job on Wall Street, The rope enables you to secure yourself when you
climb the mountain

n (thing) verb adj opposite


x enable enabling x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x enabled x x
enables
enabling

56
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

energy
[enɜrdʒi]

noun
1. a healthy capacity for vigorous activity. E.g.: jogging works off my excess
energy [Syn: vim, vitality]
2. (physics) the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are
joules or ergs. E.g.: energy can take a wide variety of forms

n (thing) verb adj opposite


energy x energetic x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x energetically x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: atomic energy, nuclear energy, renewable energy, solar energy.
_________________________________________________________________

enforce
[enfɔrs]

verb
1. ensure observance of laws and rules. [Syn: implement, apply]
2. compel to behave in a certain way. [Syn: impose]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


enforcement enforce enforced x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x enforced x x
enforces
enforcing

57
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

entity
[entəti]

noun
1. that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence
(living or nonliving).

n (thing) verb adj opposite


entity x x x

n (person) verb forms adv other


x x x x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: separate entity, single entity.
_________________________________________________________________

equivalent
[ɪkwɪvələnt]

adj
1. equal in amount or value. E.g.: equivalent amounts [Syn: like, equal, same]

noun
1. a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or
significance etc. E.g.: send two dollars or the equivalent in stamps

n (thing) verb adj opposite


equivalence x equivalent x
equivalent

n (person) verb forms adv other


x x x x

58
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

evolve
[ɪvɑlv]

verb
1. undergo development or evolution. E.g.: Modern man evolved long ago

n (thing) verb adj opposite


evolution evolve evolutionary x
n (person) verb forms adv other
evolutionist evolved x x
evolves
evolving

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: biological evolution, evolutionary process, evolutionary theory.
_________________________________________________________________

expand
[ɪkspænd]

verb
1. extend in one or more directions. E.g.: The dough expands [Syn: spread out]
2. add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a
learned way, usually in writing. [Syn: elaborate, lucubrate, expatiate, exposit,
enlarge, flesh out, expound, dilate]
3. become larger in size, volume or quantity. E.g.: his business expanded rapidly

n (thing) verb adj opposite


expansion expand expanded x
expansionism expanding
expansive
n (person) verb forms adv other
x expanded x x
expanding
expands
59
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

expose
[ɪkspoʊz]
verb
1. to show, make visible or apparent. [Syn: exhibit, display]
2. make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few
people or that was meant to be kept a secret. [Syn: disclose, let on, bring out,
reveal, discover, divulge, impart, break, give away, let out]
3. put in a dangerous, disadvantageous, or difficult position. [Syn: endanger, peril]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
exposure expose exposed x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x exposed x x
exposes
exposing
_________________________________________________________________

external
[ɪkstɜrnəl]
adj
1. coming from the outside. [Syn: extraneous, outside]
2. happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially
surface. E.g.: the external auditory canal, external pressures
n (thing) verb adj opposite
externalisation externalise external x
externality externalize
externalization
n (person) verb forms adv other
x externalised / -ized externally x
externalises / -izes
externalizing / -izing
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: external environment, external factors, external forces, external influences,
external source, external threat, external world.

60
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

facilitate
[fəsɪləteɪt]
verb
1. make easier. E.g.: you could facilitate the process by sharing your
knowledge [Syn: ease, alleviate]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
facilitation facilitate facilitated x
facility
n (person) verb forms adv other
facilitator facilitated x x
facilitates
facilitating
_________________________________________________________________

fundamental
[fʌndəmentəl]
adj
1. serving as an essential component. E.g.: an example that was fundamental to
the argument, computers are fundamental to modern industrial structure
[Syn: cardinal, central, key, primal]
2. being or involving basic facts or principles. E.g.: the fundamental laws of the
universe, a fundamental incompatibility [Syn: rudimentary, underlying]
3. far-reaching and thoroughgoing in effect especially on the nature of something.
E.g.: the fundamental revolution in human values that has occurred, the
book underwent fundamental changes, committed the fundamental error
of confusing spending with extravaga [Syn: profound]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
x x fundamental x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x fundamentally x
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: fundamental aspect, fundamental assumption, fundamental change,
fundamental component, fundamental difference, fundamental importance,
fundamental principle, fundamental problem, fundamental question.

61
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

generate
[dʒenɜreɪt]

verb
1. bring into existence. E.g.: The new manager generated a lot of problems, The
computer bug generated chaos in the office [Syn: bring forth]
2. produce (energy). E.g.: We can't generate enough power for the entire city,
The hydroelectric plant needs to to generate more electricity

n (thing) verb adj opposite


x generate x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x generated x x
generates
generating
_________________________________________________________________

generation
[dʒenɜreɪʃən]

noun
1. a stage of technological development or innovation. E.g.: the third generation
of computers
2. all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age. [Syn:
coevals, contemporaries]
3. the production of heat or electricity. E.g.: dams were built for the generation
of electricity

n (thing) verb adj opposite


generation x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: first generation, next generation, previous generation, younger generation.
62
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

image
[ɪmədʒ]
noun
1. a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction)
produced on a surface. [Syn: picture, icon, ikon]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
image x x x
imagery
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: positive image, public image, visual image.
_________________________________________________________________

liberal
[lɪbɜrəl]
adj
1. having political or social views favoring reform and progress.
2. given or giving freely. E.g.: a liberal backer of the arts [Syn: big, bighearted,
bounteous, bountiful, freehanded, handsome, giving, openhanded]
noun
1. a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the
protection of civil liberties. [Syn: progressive]
2. a person who favors laissez-faire and self-regulating economic markets.
n (thing) verb adj opposite
liberalisation/ -ization liberalise/ -ize liberal x
liberalism liberate liberated
liberation
n (person) verb forms adv other
liberal liberalised / -ized liberally x
liberator liberalises / -izes
liberalising / -izing
liberated
liberates
liberating

63
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

licence
[laɪsəns]
verb
1. authorize officially. [Syn: license, certify]
noun
1. excessive freedom; lack of due restraint. [Syn: license]
2. a legal document giving official permission to do something. [Syn: license, permit]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
licence licence licensed unlicensed
license license

n (person) verb forms adv other


x licensed x x
licenses
licensing

_________________________________________________________________

logic
[lɑdʒɪk]
noun
1. reasoned and reasonable judgment. E.g.: it made a certain kind of logic
2. the principles that guide reasoning within a given field or situation. E.g.:
economic logic requires it, by the logic of war
n (thing) verb adj opposite
logic x logical illogical
illogically

n (person) verb forms adv other


logician x logically x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: logical approach, logical argument, logical conclusion.

64
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

margin
[mɑrdʒən]
noun
1. the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary. [Syn: border,
perimeter]
2. the blank space that surrounds the text on a page.
3. a permissible difference; allowing some freedom to move within limits. [Syn:
allowance, leeway, tolerance]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


margin x marginal x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x marginally x
_________________________________________________________________

medical
[medəkəl]
adj
1. relating to the study or practice of medicine. E.g.: the medical profession, a
medical student, medical school
2. requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine especially as opposed to
surgery. E.g.: medical treatment, pheumonia is a medical disease
noun
1. a thorough physical examination; includes a variety of tests depending on the
age and sex and health of the person. [Syn: checkup, medical checkup,
medical examination, medical exam, health check]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


medical x medical x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x medically x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: medical assistance, medical treatment.
65
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

mental
[mentəl]

adj
1. affected by a disorder of the mind. E.g.: a mental patient, mental illness
2. involving the mind or an intellectual process. E.g.: mental images of happy
times, mental calculations, in a terrible mental state, mental suffering,
free from mental defects

n (thing) verb adj opposite


mentality x mental x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x mentally x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: mental health, mental illness, mental state.
_________________________________________________________________

modify
[mɑdəfaɪ]

verb
1. cause to change; make different; cause a transformation. [Syn: change, alter]
2. make less severe or harsh or extreme. E.g.: please modify this letter to make
it more polite

n (thing) verb adj opposite


modification modify modified unmodified
n (person) verb forms adv other
x modified x x
modifies
modifying

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: modified form, modified version.

66
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

monitor
[mɑnətɜr]
verb
1. keep tabs on; keep an eye on; keep under surveillance. [Syn: supervise,
ride herd on]
noun
1. electronic equipment that is used to check the quality or content of electronic
transmissions.
2. display consisting of a device that takes signals from a computer and displays
them on a CRT screen. [Syn: monitoring device]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
monitor monitor x unmonitored
n (person) verb forms adv other
x monitored x x
monitoring
monitors
_________________________________________________________________

network
[netwɜrk]
verb
1. communicate with and within a group. E.g.: You have to network if you want
to get a good job
noun
1. an interconnected system of things or people. E.g.: he owned a network of
shops, retirement meant dropping out of a whole network of people who
had been part of my life [Syn: web]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
network network x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x networked x x
networking
networks

67
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

notion
[noʊʃən]
noun
1. a general inclusive concept.
2. a vague idea in which some confidence is placed. [Syn: impression, feeling, belief,
opinion]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


notion x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x
_________________________________________________________________

objective
[əbdʒektɪv]
adj
1. undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena. E.g.:
an objective appraisal, objective evidence [Syn: nonsubjective]
2. belonging to immediate experience of actual things or events. E.g.: there is no
objective evidence of anything of the kind

noun
1. the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable). [Syn:
aim, object, target]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


objective x objective x
objectivity
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x objectively x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: objective criteria, objective reality, key objective, primary objective,
strategic objective, scientific objectivity.
v+n: achieve (an) objective, meet (an) objective, set (an) objective.
68
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

orient
[ɔrient]
adj
1. (poetic) eastern. E.g.: the orient sun
verb
1. determine one's position with reference to another point. [Syn: orientate]
noun
1. the countries of Asia. [Syn: East, Orient]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
orient orient orient x
orientation orientate
n (person) verb forms adv other
x orientated x reorient
orientates reorientation
orientating
oriented
orienting
orients
_________________________________________________________________

perspective
[pɜrspektɪv]
noun
1. a way of regarding situations or topics etc.. [Syn: position, view]
2. the appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their
distance from the viewer. [Syn: linear perspective]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
perspective x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: critical perspective, cultural perspective, global perspective, historical
perspective, new perspective, theoretical perspective.
69
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

precise
[prɪsaɪs]
adj
1. sharply exact or accurate or delimited. E.g.: a precise mind, specified a
precise amount, arrived at the precise moment
2. (of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect
conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct. E.g.: a precise image, a precise
measurement [Syn: accurate, exact]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
precision x precise imprecise
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x precisely x
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: precise definition, precise nature.
_________________________________________________________________

prime
[praɪm]
adj
1. of or relating to or being an integer that cannot be factored into other integers.
E.g.: prime number
2. at the best stage. E.g.: our manhood's prime vigor- Robert Browning
3. first in rank or degree. E.g.: the prime minister [Syn: premier]
noun
1. the period of greatest prosperity or productivity. [Syn: flower, peak, heyday,
bloom, blossom, efflorescence, flush]
2. a number that has no factor but itself and 1. [Syn: prime quantity]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
primacy x prime x
prime
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: prime example, prime time.
70
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

psychology
[saɪkɑlədʒi]

noun
1. the science of mental life. [Syn: psychological science]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


psychology x psychological x

n (person) verb forms adv other


psychologist x psychologically x

_________________________________________________________________

pursue
[pɜrsu]

verb
1. carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in. E.g.: She pursued many
activities [Syn: prosecute, engage]
2. follow in or as if in pursuit. E.g.: The police car pursued the suspected
attacker [Syn: follow]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


pursued pursue pursued x
pursuit pursuing

n (person) verb forms adv other


x pursued x x
pursues
pursuing

71
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

ratio
[reɪʃioʊ]

noun
1. the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient).

n (thing) verb adj opposite


ratio x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x
_________________________________________________________________

reject
[rɪdʒekt]

verb
1. refuse to accept. [Syn: refuse, pass up, turn down, decline]
2. resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ. E.g.:
His body rejected the liver of the donor [Syn: resist, refuse]
3. dismiss from consideration. [Syn: rule out, eliminate]
4. refuse to accept or acknowledge. E.g.: I reject the idea of starting a war, The
journal rejected the student's paper

noun
1. the person or thing rejected or set aside as inferior in quality. [Syn: cull]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


reject reject x x
rejection
n (person) verb forms adv other
x rejected x x
rejecting
rejects

72
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

revenue
[revənu]

noun
1. the entire amount of income before any deductions are made. [Syn: gross,
receipts]
2. government income due to taxation. [Syn: tax income, taxation, tax revenue]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


revenue x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x
_________________________________________________________________

stable
[steɪbəl]

adj
1. firm and dependable; subject to little fluctuation. E.g.: the economy is stable
2. resistant to change of position or condition. E.g.: a stable ladder, a stable
peace, a stable relationship, stable prices
3. not taking part readily in chemical change.

n (thing) verb adj opposite


stabilisation stabilise stable instability
stability stabilize unstable
stabilization
n (person) verb forms adv other
x stabilised / -ized x x
stabilises / -izes
stabilising / -izing

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: political instability, economic stability, political stability.

73
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

style
[staɪl]

verb
1. make consistent with a certain fashion or style. E.g.: style the dress
2. designate by an identifying term. E.g.: They styled their nation `The
Confederate States' [Syn: title]

noun
1. a way of expressing something (in language or art or music etc.) that is
characteristic of a particular person or group of people or period. E.g.: all the
reporters were expected to adopt the style of the newspaper [Syn:
expressive style]
2. editorial directions to be followed in spelling and punctuation and
capitalization and typographical display.
3. the popular taste at a given time. E.g.: the 1920s had a style of their own [Syn:
vogue, trend]
4. a particular kind (as to appearance). E.g.: this style of shoe is in demand

n (thing) verb adj opposite


x style styled x
stylise stylised
stylize stylish
stylized

n (person) verb forms adv other


x styled x x
styles
styling
stylised / -ized
stylises / -izes
stylising / -izing

74
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

substitute
[sʌbstətut]
adj
1. artificial and inferior. E.g.: substitute coffee [Syn: ersatz]
verb
1. put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items. E.g.: substitute
regular milk with fat-free milk [Syn: replace]
noun
1. a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another. [Syn: replacement]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
substitute substitute substitute x
substitution
n (person) verb forms adv other
x substituted x x
substitutes
substituting
_________________________________________________________________

sustain
[səsteɪn]
verb
1. lengthen or extend in duration or space. E.g.: We sustained the diplomatic
negotiations as long as possible [Syn: prolong, keep up]
2. supply with necessities and support. E.g.: She alone sustained her family, The
money will sustain our good cause [Syn: keep, maintain]
3. establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts. [Syn: confirm, corroborate,
substantiate, support, affirm]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
sustainability sustain sustainable unsustainable
sustenance sustained
n (person) verb forms adv other
x sustained x x
sustaining
sustains
75
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

symbol
[sɪmbəl]
noun
1. an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional
significance.
2. something visible that by association or convention represents something else
that is invisible. E.g.: the eagle is a symbol of the United States [Syn:
symbolization, symbolisation, symbolic representation]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
symbol symbolise symbolic x
symbolism symbolize
symbols
n (person) verb forms adv other
x symbolised / -ized symbolically x
symbolises / izes
symbolising / -izing
_________________________________________________________________

target
[tɑrgət]
verb
1. intend (something) to move towards a certain goal. [Syn: aim, place, direct, point]
noun
1. the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable). [Syn:
aim, object, objective]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
target target x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x targeted x x
targeting
targets
Collocations from the ACL
v+n: meet (a) target, set (a) target.

76
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

transit
[trænzɪt] verb
1. cause or enable to pass through.
n (thing) verb adj opposite
transition transit transitional x
transitory
n (person) verb forms adv other
x transited x x
transiting
transits
_________________________________________________________________

trend
[trend] noun
1. a general direction in which something tends to move. [Syn: tendency]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
trend x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: current trend, general trend, growing trend, increasing trend, social trend.
_________________________________________________________________

version
[vɜrʒən] noun
1. a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something.
2. something a little different from others of the same type. [Syn: variant, edition]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
version x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: earlier version, electronic version, final version, modified version, online
version, original version, revised version, simplified version.

77
Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

welfare
[welfer]

noun
1. a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous. [Syn: wellbeing,
well-being, upbeat, eudaemonia, eudaimonia]
2. governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need. [Syn:
social welfare]

n (thing) verb adj opposite


welfare x x x

n (person) verb forms adv other


x x x x

Collocations from the ACL


adj+n: economic welfare, public welfare, social welfare.
_________________________________________________________________

whereas
[weræz]

adv
1. while (used to introduce a comment which contrasts with the main clause).

n (thing) verb adj opposite


x x x x

n (person) verb forms adv other


x x whereas x

78

You might also like