Department of Education

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF MALOLOS

City of Malolos
10

Quarter 2 – LAS No. 1

(Week 1-8) Afro-Latin American
Music and Popular Music
(MU10AP-IIa-
2, MU10AP-IIa-h-5, MU10AP-IIa-h-7,
MU10AP-IIa-7, MU10AP-IIa-h-6, MU10AP-IIa-h-10
g- )
 AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

LET US KNOW

This learning activity sheet will help you recognize and understand how:
1. Music has always been an important part of the daily life of the African people,
whether for work, religion, ceremonies, or even communication.
2. The music of Latin America is the product of three major influences-indigenous,
Spanish-Portuguese, and African.

LET US REVIEW

The new musical styles created by 20th century by classical composers were very
unique and innovative. They experimented with the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony,
tempo, and timbre in daring ways never attempted before.
Mention some 20th century composers by writing their names inside the circles.
 LET US STUDY

TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA

African traditional music is largely functional in nature, used primarily in ceremonial rites,
such as birth,death,,marriage,succession,worship,and spirit invocations. Others are work
related or social in nature, while many traditional societies view their music as entertainment.
African music has a basically interlocking structural format, due mainly to its overlapping and dense
texture a well as its rhythmic complexity. Its many sources of influence have produced such varied
styles and genres as the following:

Afrobeat
Afrobeat is a term used to describe the fusion of West African with black American music.

Apala (Akpala)
Apala is musical genre from Nigeria in Yoruba tribal style, used to wake up the worshippers after fasting
during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. Percussion instrumentation includes the rattle (sekere), thumb
piano (agidigbo), bell (agogo), and two or three talking drums.

Yoruba apala musicians

Suggested link for music listening of Juju: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HrqiXfciTw

Axe
Axe is a popular music genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Caribbean styles of the
marcha, reggae, and calypso, and is played by carnival bands

Suggested link for music listening of Axe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUR54P2ETyo

Jit
Jit is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with
guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.

Suggested link for music listening of Jit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMyfE_quZsE

Jive
Jive is a popular form of South African featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the
jitterbug, a form of swing dance.

Suggested link for music listening of Jive: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QU6NBfuJv84

Juju
Juju is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where
the instruments are more Western in origin. A drum kit, keyboard,pedal steel guitar,and
accordion are used along with the traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squeeze drum)

Suggested link for music listening of Juju: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HrqiXfciTw

Kwassa kwassa
Kwassa kwassa is a dance style begun in Zaire in the late 1980’s, popularized by Kanda
Bongo Man. In this dance style, the hips move back and forth while the arms follow the hip
movements.
Suggested link for music listening of Kwassa kwassa:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcEk5VPpNIU
 Marabi
Marabi is a South African three-chord township music of the 1930-1960s which evolved into
African jazz. It makes use of a keyboard style that combines American jazz, ragtime, and blues
with African roots. It is characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and
repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow the dancers more time on the
dance floor.

Suggested link for music listening of Marabi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EkZAEKbvfM

VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC

Maracatu
Maracatu first surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythms
of African percussion instruments with Portuguese melodies. The maracatu groups were called
nacoes (nations) who paraded with a drumming ensemble numbering up to 100, accompanied
by a singer, a chorus, and coterie of dancers.
Maracatu Dance
Suggested link for music listening of Maracatu:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rq8xSIDZg3s

Musical instruments used in Maracatu

The maracatu uses mostly percussion instruments such as the alfaia, tarol, caixa-de-
guerra,gongue,agbe, and miniero,

The alfaia is a large wooden drum that is rope-tuned, complemented by the tarol which is a
shallow snare drum, and the caixa-de-guerra which is a war-like snare. Providing the clanging
sound is the gongue, a metal cowbell. The shakers are represented by the agbe, a gourd
shaker covered by beads, and the miniero or ganza, a metal cylindrical shaker filled with metal
shot or small dried seeds. (Suggested link for music listening of instruments used in Maracatu)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZsEcDjC1z0

Alfaia Drum Tarol Caixa

Gongue Agbe Ganza or Miniero

Blues
The blues is a musical form of the late 19th century that had a deep roots in African- American
communities. These communities were located in the so-called”Deep South” of the United
States, where the slaves and their descendants used to sing as they worked in the cotton and
vegetable fields. The notes of the blues create an expressive and soulful sound. Noted
performers of the blues genre are Ray Charles, James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin,
and John Lee Hooker. Examples of blues music are the following; Early Mornin’, A House is
Not a Home, and Billie’s Blues.

Suggested link for music listening of Blues:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1N1k_KHW7gQ

Soul
Soul music was a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s. It originated in the United
States, and combined elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and
often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body
moves which are among its important features. James Brown and Etta James were influential
for the soul music. Examples of soul hits are Ain’t no Mountain High Enough, All I Could Do
Was Cry, Soul to Soul.
Suggested link for music listening of All I do was cry:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsglxKjDAyk

Spiritual
It refers to a song form, known as the “Negro spiritual,” sung by African slaves in America who
became enslaved by its white communities. The examples are: We are Climbing Jacob’s
Ladder, Rock My Soul, When the Saints Go Marching In.

Suggested link for music listening of Rock my Soul:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzNg0YBTgos

Call and Response

It is a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually rendered by different musicians, are:
Mannish Boy, one of the signature songs by Muddy Waters; School Day - Ring, Ring Goes the
Bell by Chuck Berry; and Call Me Maybe by Carly Rae Jepsen.

Suggested link for music listening of Call Me Maybe:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWNaR-rxAic

MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA

The music of Latin America is the product of three major influences-indigenous,Spanish-
Portuguese, and African.

• AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

The African influence on Latin American music is most pronounced in its rich and varied
rhythmic patterns produced by drums and various percussion instruments.
• EURO-LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
European influences were seen in the texture of Euro-Latin American music, fromm
unaccompanied by stringed instruments. Example is I Wanna Be in America from Leonard
Bernstein’s Broadway hit Wet Side Story.
 VOCAL AND DANCE FORMS OF LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
Latin American instruments are extremely useful in adding life, color, and variety to their many
vocal and dance forms which have captured the world’s attention and have been
enthusiastically adopted.

1. Cumbia - Originating in Panama and Columbia, the cumbia became a popular courtship
dance with European and African instrumentation and characteristics.

Suggested link for music listening of Cumbia:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGIWHAwuT5Y

2. Tango - Its choreographic steps followed the dance trend of the Viennese waltz and the
polka, involving close contact between the male and female dancers.

Suggested link for music listening of Tango:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4x_DiEjZC24

3. Cha cha - The cha cha is a ballroom dance that originated in Cuba in the 1950s. It was derived
from the mambo and its characteristic rhythm of 2 crochets- 3 quavers- quaver rest, with a
syncopation on the fourth beat.
Suggested link for music listening of Cha cha:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7266qKGkMnw
4. Rumba - is performed in a complex duple meter pattern.

Suggested link for music listening of Rumba: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qo7qju6_s9U

5. Bossa Nova - Integrates melody, harmony and rhythm into a swaying fee, where the
vocal style is often nasal.
Suggested link for music listening of Bossa Nova: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcUbk2NgsyA

6. Reggae - It contained a Western-style

melodic-harmonic base with African sounds
and characteristics, American pop and rock
music mannerisms, and a preference for a
loud volume in the bass. Bob Marley is the
best known proponent of reggae.

Suggested link for music listening of Reggae:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCc_h7aowzU

7. Foxtrot - It was executed as a one step, two step and syncopated pattern.

Suggested link for music listening of Foxtrot: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpvFKLs56zk

8. Paso Doble - The paso doble (meaning “double step”) is a theatrical Spanish dance used by
the Spaniards in bullfights.

Suggested link for music listening of Paso Doble:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqqe-zsFe9s
 JAZZ MUSIC

RAGTIME - is an American popular musical style mainly for

piano. Suggested link for music listening of Ragtime:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTQQAWCqytE

BIG BAND - refers to a large ensemble form originating in the United

States. Suggested link for music listening of Big Band:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVr5Nev-enw

BEPOP - it was characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation.

Suggested link for music listening of Bepop:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HhE_lqU63U

JAZZ ROCK - is the music of 1960s and 1970s bands that inserted jazz elements into rock
music.

Suggested link for music listening of Jazz Rock: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_IJqOz2oRU

POPULAR MUSIC
Popular music literally means “music of the populace,” similar to traditional folk music of the
past. As it developed in the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to be called) generally
consisted of music for entertainment of large numbers of people, whether on radio or in live
performances. From the standard songs and ballads of the legendary Cole Porter, George
Gershwin, and Frank Sinatra to the rock and roll craze of Elvis Presley and the Beatles and
the present day idols in the alternative music and disco modes, popular music is now shared
by the entire world.

BALLADS
The ballad originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically
about love. The word is derived both from the medieval French “chanson balladee” and
“ballade” which refers to a dancing song. Used by poets and composers since the 18th
century, it became a slow popular love song in the 19th century.
STANDARDS
In music, the term “standard” is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs
from a particular genre or style, such as those by Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Rodgers
and Hart. Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxed mood. It also
features highly singable melodies within the range and technical capacity of the everyday
listener.
Among the foremost proponents of this style was Frank Sinatra, also known as “Ol Blue
Eyes,” “Chairman of the Board,” or “The Voice.” His genre was categorized as traditional
pop and jazz. He was a successful singer, actor, producer, director, and conductor. His hit
singles include My Way and Strangers in the Night.
ROCK AND ROLL
Rock and roll was a hugely popular song form in the United States during the late
1940’s to the 1950’s. It combined Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz,
and gospel music with the Western swing and country music. The lead instruments were the
piano and saxophone, but these were eventually replaced by modern instruments.
In its classic form, rock and roll employed one or two electric guitars (lead, rhythm), a
string bass or bass guitar, and a set of drums that provided the rhythmic pattern. This form
came during the age of technological change when electric guitars were supplemented by
amplifiers and microphones to raise the volume. It derived its name from the mot of a sonhip
on the ocean, “rock and roll.”
The greatest exponent of the rock and roll style was the legendary Elvis Presley. His hit
songs such as Heartbreak Hotel and Blue Suede Shoes were complemented by his good
looks and elaborate movements that included hugging the microphone as he sang.
Presley’s style was the precursor of the British band known as The Beatles, whose
compositions further boosted rock and roll as the favorite genre of the times. Examples of
The Beatles’ songs in this genre are I Saw Her Standing There, Get Back, While My Guitar
Gently Weeps, Rock and Roll Music, and Ticket to Ride.
ALTERNATIVE MUSIC
Alternative music was an underground independent form of music that arose in the
1980’s. It became widely popular in the 1990’s as a way to defy “mainstream” rock music.
Thus, it was known for its unconventional practices such as distorted guitar sounds,
oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes. It was also characterized by high energy levels that
bred new styles such as new wave, punk rock, post-punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle
pop, noise pop, C86, Madchester, Industrial Rock, and Shoegazing. Examples of alternative
music are You Belong with Me, Shake It Off.
DISCO
The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop music known as “disco.” Disco music
pertained to rock music that was more danceable, thus leading to the establishment of
venues for public dancing also called discos. The term originated from the French word
“discotheque” which means a library for phonograph records.

The disco style had a soaring and reverberating sound rhythmically controlled by a
steady beat (usually meter) for ease of dancing, and accompanied by strings, horns, electric
guitars, and electric pianos or synthesizers.

Famous figures of the disco genre include ABBA, Donna Summer (“The Queen of
Disco”),The Bee Gees; Earth, Wind, and Fire; KC and the Sunshine Band; The Village
People; and Gloria Gaynor, bringing us such hits as Dancing Queen, Stayin’ Alive, Boogie
Wonderland, and Hot Stuff.
POP MUSIC
Parallel with the disco era, other pop music superstars continued to emerge. Among them
were Neil Sedaka (Laughter in the Rain), Diana Ross and the Supremes (Stop in the Name
of Love), Olivia Newton John (Hopelessly Devoted to You), Stevie Wonder (You Are the
Sunshine of My Life), Elton John (Skyline Pigeon), The Carpenters (We’ve Only Just
Begun), and Barry Manilow (Mandy).
Pop superstars in more recent years include solor artists Celine Dion (My Heart Will Go On),
Madonna (Material Girl), Whitney Houston (I Will Always Love You), Mariah Carey(Hero),
Justin Timberlake (Justified), Britney Spears (Oops, I Did It Again), Beyonce (Irreplaceable),
Lady Gaga (Bad Romance), and Bruno Mars (Just The Way You Are); as well as vocal
groups such as Boyz II Men (Four Seasons of Loneliness), The Backstreet Boys (I Want It
That Way), N’Sync (This I Promise You), Destiny’s Child (Survivor), among many others.
Michael Jackson, “The King of Pop”
- most popular solo performer of all time is Michael Joseph Jackson
- who was born on August 29, 1958 and died on June 25, 2009.
- He was an American recording artist, entertainer, singer-songwriter, record producer,
musical arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, and philanthropist.
- Jackson popularized a number of physically complicated dance techniques, such as the
“robot” and the “moonwalk.”
- He then began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group and was referred
to as the "King of Pop" in subsequent years.
Today’s Pop Music Idols
As the 21st century continues to unfold, more and more pop groups emerge spanning
an entire range of musical styles and genres. There are music groups like Black Eyed Peas,
K Pop (Korean), My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boys, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus,
Souja Boy, Train, Maroon 5, and One Direction.
While solo performers include Adele, Taylor Swift, Ed Sheeran, Rihanna, Chris Brown,
Ariana Grande, Justin Bieber, Miley Cyrus, Katy Perry, Nikki Minaj, Selena Gomez, One
Direction Rihanna Ed Sheeran and others.
PHILIPPINE POPULAR MUSIC
The one word that comes to mind when we think of contemporary Philippine music is
the type commonly termed as Original Pinoy Music or Original Philippine Music, or OPM for
short. It was originally used to refer only to Philippine pop songs, particularly ballads, such
as those popular after the collapse of its predecessor, the Manila Sound, in the late 1970s
up until the present.
In the 1960s to 1970s, Nora Aunor, Pilita Corrales, Eddie Peregrina, Victor Wood, Asin,
APO Hiking Society, and others were highly popular OPM singers. In the 1970s to 1980s,
the major commercial Philippine pop music artists were Claire dela Fuente, Didith Reyes,
Rico Puno, Ryan Cayabyab, Basil Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji Alejandro, Rey Valera,
Freddie Aguilar, Imelda Papin, Eva Eugenio, Nonoy Zuñiga, and many others.
ORIGINAL PILIPINO MUSIC (OPM)

The 1980s to 1990s are also regarded as the golden era of Philippine ballads. Among the
classics that emerged were those created by:
● Ryan Cayabyab (Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika, Kahit Ika’y Panaginip Lang)
● George Canseco (Kapantay ay Langit, Kastilyong Buhangin, Tubig at Langis)
● Willie Cruz (Sana’y Wala Nang Wakas, Bituing Walang Ningning)
● Jose Mari Chan (Beautiful Girl, Please Be Careful With My Heart, Constant
Change)
● Gary Valenciano (Sana Maulit Muli)
 LET US PRACTICE
ACTIVITY NO. 1 - DESCRIPTIONS OF AFRICAN
AND LATIN MUSIC
Write a short reflection on how African and Latin music evolved into dance forms.

LET US REMEMBER

ACTIVITY NO. 2. A
Create a timeline of your favorite songs, artists, and genres, starting from 2013 up to the current year.

2013 2015 2017 2019 2021

2014 2016 2018 2020

Guide question:

1. Has your music taste changed over the past years? If yes, what are the factors that has
contributed to the changes in your musical preference? If no, what has made your music choice stagnant?

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
 ACTIVITY NO. 2. B – Various Artists
Complete the table with the information needed. List them on the space provided.
Name of Artist Genre/Musical Title of Songs
Style
Frank Sinatra
Elvis Presley
John Lennon
Celine Dion
Michael Jackson
Adele
Katy Perry
Gary Valenciano
Regine Velasquez
Sarah Geronimo

LET US APPRECIATE

ACTIVITY NO. 3 – MY FAVORITE SONG

What is your favorite song?

Title: _____________________________________________________________________

Performed by: _____________________________________________________________

Genre: ___________________________________________________________________

Message of the song: _______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Why is it your favorite? ______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
 LET US PRACTICE MORE

ACTIVITY NO. 4 (Performance Task)

Choose a specific genre for each student, such as:
● Ballads
● Rock and roll
● Disco Music
● Hip Hop
● Alternative Music
● Pop Music
Choose a particular song that will represent your genre. Video record the song and discuss/answer the following
questions:
1. Identify the specific genre to which the song belongs.
2. Name the artist who performed the song, and likewise, the songwriter and the composer of the
song.
3. Give some informational background about the song.

RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 4

Subject Matter : MAPEH (MUSIC 10)

Quarter : 2nd
Learning Competency : Afro-Latin American music and Popular music
Learning Competency Code : MU10AP-IIa-7, MU10AP-IIa-h-6, MU10AP-IIa-h-10
Title of the Activity : Performance Task

Appreciate the beauty of different Popular music made in

G
American and here in the Philippines. Explore your talents in
Goal
performing.
R
A singer of any Pop music
Role
A
Teacher and classmates
Audience
The students will perform a popular music genre that was
S assigned to them by their respective MAPEH teacher and they
Situation will choose a song that will represent the genre. They will video
record it and present it in class.
P
A video of a particular song that will represent the song genre
Product /
assigned to the student.
Performance

Rubric for the song performance

S Score Descriptors
Standards and (all of the times)
Criteria for ● Intonation is accurate
Success 4 ● Dynamics are well-defined
● Expression and style are
demonstrated appropriately
 ● Phrasing is properly executed
(most of the time)
● Intonation is accurate
● Dynamics are well-defined
3
● Expression and style are
demonstrated appropriately
● Phrasing is properly executed
(sometimes)
● Intonation is accurate
● Dynamics are well-defined
2
● Expression and style are
demonstrated appropriately
● Phrasing is properly executed
(rarely)
● Intonation is accurate
● Dynamics are well-defined
1
● Expression and style are
demonstrated appropriately
● Phrasing is properly executed

Interpretation of the scores:

The performance was a very enjoyable experience for

4
both the performers and the audience.
The performance was an enjoyable experience with
3
some room for improvement.
The performance was a less enjoyable experience due
2
to some hindrances.
The performance needs a lot of improvement in order
1
for it to be enjoyable for both performers.
 EVALUATION

Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on your answer sheet.

1. It is a term used to describe the fusion of West African with Black American Music.
a. Latin Beat c. Afro beat
b. Modern Beat d. American Beat
2. A popular form of South African featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the
jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
a. Jit c. Axe
b. Apala d. Jive
3. In this dance style, the hips move back and forth while the arms follow the hip
movements.
a. Kwassa kwassa c. Jive
b. Reggae d.Apala
4. A muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers
during Ramadan celebrations.
a. Samba c. Soca
b. Were d. Salsa
5. The notes of this music creates an expressive and soulful sound.
a. Call and response c. Maracatu
b. Soul d. Blues

6. This pop music originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text
dealing typically with love.
a. Jazz c. Standards
b. Ballad d. Rock and roll

7. This was a hugely popular song genre form in the United States during the late 1940s to the
1960s. It also combined Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz and gospel
music.
a. Jazz c. Standards
b. Ballad d. Rock and roll

8. This style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxing mood. It also features highly
singable melodies within the range and technical capacity of the amateur singer.
a. Jazz c. Standards
b. Ballad d. Rock and roll

9. He’s an American recording artist, entertainer, singer-songwriter, record producer, and referred as
the “King of Pop”.
a. Michael Jackson c. Ed Sheeran
b. One Direction d. Justin Bieber

10. The word “Disco” originated from the French word ________ which means a library for
phonograph record.
a. Diskette c. Disktheque
b. Disk d. Discotheque
Prepared by:

Patrick Luis T. Panganiban

Teacher I

District II- Marcelo H. Del Pilar National High School

Pilar G. Cadaing

Master Teacher I

District II- Marcelo H. Del Pilar National High School