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Journal of Nursing, Volume VIII, No. 2, October 2012 ISSN 1907 - 0357

STUDY
REDUCE DYMENORORE PAIN WITH COMPRESS
WARM
* *
Amrina Oktaviana , Riyanti Imron

Dysmenorrhea is pain experienced during menstruation. This pain is felt in the lower abdomen which is
Michaelis square area . Pain can be felt before, during, and after menstruation. Can be colic or
continously. The results obtained from the pre-survey on October 20, 2011 from 20 female students
Tanjungkarang Midwifery, it turns out that there are 70% of female students who experience menstrual pain..This study aims to
This study aims to determine the effect of giving warm compresses to the reduction of dysmenorrhea pain in female students
Tanjung Karang Midwifery Regular Class 2012. This research is a quasi-experimental study with
design one group pretest-posttest , a population of 114 people. Data collection with primary data that
used to measure the pain scale with a warm compress technique. The data analysis used is
univariate, bivariate with paired t test . Prior to the warm compress technique, respondents had
the average value is 6.28. Meanwhile, after the warm compress technique, the respondents had an average value of
4.57. So it can be seen that there is a change in the mean of 1.701 with a standard deviation of 0.562 and the confidence value
between 1,559-1,855. The results of statistical tests obtained P value 0.00 < 0.05 so that H 0 has an effect, meaning that
there is a significant difference between the level of pain before and after the warm compress. Then get
It was concluded that the warm compress technique had an effect on reducing dysmenorrhea pain.

Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, menstruation, warm compress

BACKGROUND Dysmenorrhea is pain that

experienced during menstruation. I feel this pain
Every month periodically, a the lower abdomen which is in
normal women will experience events Michaelis square area . Painful
reproduction is called menstruation can be felt before, during, and after
shedding of endometrial tissue due to period. Can be colic or continuous
absence of fertilized mature eggs continuously. Pain is thought to be due to contractions
by sperm. Events are natural and natural from the shedding of the endometrium (Tjokonegoro
so that it can be ensured that all and Main, 1996).
normal women will definitely experience Symptoms of menstrual pain include:
this process, but in reality i.e. the pain comes on irregularly,
Many women have problems sharp and cramping lower abdomen
menstruation, including menstrual pain usually spreads to the back
(Dysmenorrhea) (Prawiharjo, 2008). continue to the legs, groin and vulva
In Indonesia the incidence rate (outer female genitalia)
dysmenorrhea consists of 54.89% dysmenorrhea (Wijayakusuma H, 2008). nausea,
primary and 9.36% secondary dysmenorrhea. vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy and headache
Usually these symptoms occur in are the accompanying symptoms
women of productive age 3 to 5 years (Rayburn WF & Carey JC, 2001).
after experiencing the first menstruation and The causes of menstrual pain can vary.
women who have never been pregnant (Journal kind, could be due to a disease process
Occupational and Environmental, 2008). (eg, pelvic inflammatory disease), endometriosis,
From a 2002 study in 4 junior high schools in tumors or abnormalities in the location of the uterus, membranes
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Jakarta by one of the
Obstetrics and Gynecology specialist
It was found that around 74.1% of students experienced
mild to severe menstrual pain (Baziad,
2008 ).
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Journal of Nursing, Volume VIII, No. 2, October 2012
relationship with reproductive organs
(Arifin, 2007).
Non-pharmacological pain management,
For example, a warm compress, where is that?
warm compresses can relieve ischemia
by decreasing uterine contractions and
stimulate blood vessels so that
can relieve pain by reducing
tension and increase feelings
well-being, increase menstrual flow,
and relieves pelvic vasocongestion (
Bobak, 2005). According to Perry & Potter
(2005), working principle of warm compress
by using a hot pot
wrapped in cloth that is by conduction
where heat is transferred from the
buli into the body so that it will
causes dilation of blood vessels
and there will be a decrease in tension
muscles so that menstrual pain is felt
will decrease or disappear. According to Price
& Wilson (2005), this method is effective for
reduce muscle pain or spasms. Principle
work compress warm with
using a hot pot that is
wrap the cloth by means of transfer
by conduction where it occurs
transfer of heat from the bladder into the
body so that it will cause
dilation of blood vessels which will
reduce muscle tension and
increase blood flow (Wilson, 2005).
Nowadays, hot compresses have been
widely used to reduce
various pains. For example, in complaints
pain/headache, leg cramps and pain
due to enlargement of the uterus in pregnant women
(Esty, 2008). In addition, hot compresses
warm can also be used for
relieves stiff neck pain
(Ve, 2007). And can be used for
reduce pain in sprained legs
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STUDY
the blood or vagina is not perforated, and stressed
or excessive anxiety. Will
However, the most common cause of menstrual pain
presumably due to the occurrence of
hormonal balance and no
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ISSN 1907 - 0357
female student suffering from menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea)
70% of female students are female students
Tanjungkarang Midwifery, while
on Midwifery students Metro only
52%.
The results obtained from the pre-survey
on October 20, 2011 Student
Tanjung Karang obstetrics, from 20
student, it turns out that there are 70% female students
who experience menstrual pain. 46.67%
female student overcoming dysmenorrhea (pain)
menstruation) by taking drugs,
20% of female students overcome dysmenorrhea
with relaxation, 20% female students
overcome dysmenorrhea with
rub the stomach using
wind oil, and 13.34% female students
overcoming dysmenorrhea with compresses
warm. Things the could
cause activity disruption
daily student so much
student who spends her time
just to rest due to distraction
the. And not infrequently routine activities
lectures for students to become
disturbed. Based on the above phenomenon,
researchers want to know the effect of
Warm Compress Against Drop
Dysmenorrhea Pain in College Students.
METHOD
This research was conducted in a dormitory
Tanjungkarang Obstetrics in the Month
October 2011 to May 2012. Research
This uses a simple random technique
sampling . By sorting 1 - 105
sample, then do a draw
into 47 samples removed and
which were not excluded 58 samples which
will be sampled during implementation.
This research is a research
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(Nusdwinuringtyas N, 2008) and for
reduce sinus and nasal pain
in cases of sinusitis (Ninz. 2007).
Poltekkes Ministry of Health Tanjungkarang
has many majors, one of which is
Department of Midwifery. This midwifery course
has 2 Study Programs, namely DIII
Tanjungkarang and DIII Midwifery
Metro Midwifery. Based on pre results
most surveys obtained
STUDY
experiment with one group design
pretest-posttest where in this study
the sample is observed first
before being given treatment (pretest)
then after being given treatment
The sample is re-observed
(posttest). The research instrument that
used in this study Types of data
used in this research are
primary data used for
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Journal of Nursing, Volume VIII, No. 2, October 2012 ISSN 1907 - 0357

measuring pain scale. Research measuring tools Based on Table 2 obtained data
This uses a measuring scale by means of that the average dysmenorrheal pain after
direct observation of respondents who successive warm compresses
will be researched. Data processing in participate in the Tanjungkarang Midwifery Dormitory
This research uses editing, in 2012 was 4.57, with a value of
coding, tabulating, data entry and middle 5.00, the most frequent value is 5,
cleaning. has the lowest value of 2 and the value of
Data analysis in this study highest.
using univariate analysis and
bivariate. Univariate analysis by means of Bivariate Analysis
create a frequency distribution table from
each variable. Variable that Table 3: Distribution average painful
analyzed is the menstrual pain scale which Dysmenorrhea before and
felt before compression after being given a warm compress
warmth and menstrual pain scale after SE . Elementary School Mean Group P CI 90%
warm compresses are carried out, while Value
Painful
bivariate analysis was used to test
Before
difference in mean between two data groups and
(1,559
the dependent is knowledge 1.701 0.562 0.074 0.0001 –
After
1,855)
respondents before and after treatment Compress
treatment is by using the test Warm
two different means dependent ( Paired Sample
t-Test ) with the help of software
computer. Based on table 3 obtained data
that the average level of pain after
RESULTS warm compress is 4.57 with
standard deviation 0.993. Average rate
Univariate Analysis pain before warm compress is 6.28
and the measurement shows the mean value
Respondents Overview the difference between the measurements before and
after is 1.701, and has
Table 1: Distribution of Dysmenorrhea Pain
Before Warm Compress (n=58) trust value 1.559 - 1.855 . Test results
Group Mean Median Mode Max Min statistics obtained P value 0.00 .
Painful Because P value < 0.05 so H 0 is rejected.
Before That is, there is a significant effect
6,28 6.00 6 8 3
compress between the level of pain before and
warm
after a warm compress in the dorm
Based on Table 1 obtained data Midwifery Tanjung Karang Polytechnic
that the average dysmenorrhea pain before Health Ministry of Health Department of Midwifery
Cape Coral 2012
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successive warm
participate in compresses
the Tanjungkarang Midwifery Dormitory
in 2012 was 6.28, with a value of
middle 6.00, the most frequent value is 6,
has the lowest value of 3 and the value of
highest 8.  at most 12-15 years old
Table 2: Distribution of Dysmenorrhea Pain
After a warm compress (n=58)
Group Mean Median Mode Max Min
Painful
After 4.57 5.00 5 6 2
compress
warm
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Journal of Nursing, Volume VIII, No. 2, October 2012
said to be within normal age limits and
respondents are likely to suffer
dysmenorrhea.
Partial respondent's menstrual period
large 3-7 days as many as 16 people. Long
respondent's menstruation > 7 days as much as 42
person. Menstruation time is wrong
one risk factor for a woman to suffer
primary dysmenorrhea. The length of menstruation
normal is 3–7 days, if more than that
then it is said to have dysmenorrhea.
Family or heredity history with
Primary dysmenorrhea showed as much as
38 respondents have a family history
or hereditary dysmenorrhea and 20 no
there is a family history or hereditary dis-
menorrhea. Heredity is one
a woman's risk factors for
have dysmenorrhea. Sports habits
respondents, namely 26 people did
sports every week and 32 people
don't do any exercise
the week. Habits of not exercising
is one of the risk factors for
women to suffer from primary dysmenorrhea.
While from table 2 it is known that some
most of the respondents do not have
exercise habits, become respondents
likely to experience dysmenorrhea.
Average pain level after
warm compress is 4.57 with
standard deviation 0.993. Average level
pain before warm compress is 6.28
and the measurement shows the mean value
difference between measurements after
before is 1.701, lower is 1.559 and
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STUDY
DISCUSSION
The age of the respondent's menarche
as many as 22 people and aged <12
year as many as 36 people. Age of menarche
< 12 years the probability of a woman
will suffer from dysmenorrhea. It turns out
respondents whose age at menarche is < 12
year as many as 36 people, so that
it is said that the respondent's age at menarche is not
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ISSN 1907 - 0357
Based on the above theory can
concluded that this research is in line with
with a theory which means Warm Compress
very helpful in the process of decreasing
dysmenorrhoea pain so that with
giving warm compresses can
reduce the level of dysmenorrhea pain
namely with an average decrease of 1.701.
Dysmenorrhea can have an impact
the bad that happens without any signs
pelvic infection or disease, spirit
learning and achievement decline, and if
not resolved soon will continue
to pregnancy and childbirth.
Given the serious impact
battan from dysmenorrhea is recommended for
give warm compresses and often
exercising. Use of compression technique
this warm has been done and proven
its effectiveness as in Ayu's research
(2010) who examined the Effect of Compress
Warm Against Dysmenorrhea on
Student of semester VIII S1 Nursing
at Muhammadiyah University of Semarang
the year 2010.
Handling this dysmenorrhea with
the warm compress technique is proven to be effective and
highly recommended. Besides this technique
has no different side effects
by chemical treatment with
medicine, this method is sufficient
efficient because it does not require much
cost and you can do it yourself.
From this research, it is suggested to
health education counseling about
more effective treatment of dysmenorrhoea
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result upper
obtained a P 1.855
value .ofStatistical
0.00 < 0.05testso
results
that Use the warm
to reduce compress
the pain technique Could
of dysmenorrhea.
H 0 is rejected and is therefore seen Helping the dormitory health section
that there is a significant difference in dealing with the incidence of dysmenorrhea
between the level of pain before and after by means of a warm compress.
in warm compresses. Students can apply the method
Results based on research research giving warm compresses to
Ayu (2010) who researched the influence of decrease dysmenorrhea pain and can
Warm Compress Against Dysmenorrhea reduce dysmenorrheal pain.
for students of semester VIII S1
Nursing in University CONCLUSION
Muhammadiyah Semarang in 2010
obtained a decrease in the average pain Based on the results of research and
warm compress group of 2 discussion, it can be concluded
VAS scala degrees with 95% CI (1.64- that the warm compress treatment can
2.36) and p- value 0.001 (<0.005). reduce pain during dysmenorrhea
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Journal of Nursing, Volume VIII, No. 2, October 2012 ISSN 1907 - 0357

(menstrual pain) that: (1) Distribution

Frequency of Dysmenorrhea Pain in W, Ayu. 2010. Effect of warm compress
Student before being given Compress against Dysmenorrhea VIII SI
Warm in Tan-jung Midwifery Dormitory Nursing in University
Coral is 6.28. (2) Distribution Muhammadiyah Semarang year
Frequency of Dysmenorrhea Pain in 2010.
Student after being given Compress Ha-
at the Tanjung Midwifery Dormitory Baziad, Ali. 2008. Endocrinology
Coral is 4.57. (3) There is a difference gynecology. 2nd Edition. Jakarta : Media
significant between before and after Aescolapse.
has been given a warm compress on
Student at Tanjung . Midwifery Dormitory Bobak, Laudermik, Jensen. 2005. Books
Coral Year 2012. With P value 0.00 Teach Maternity Nursing. Edition
< 0.5 and average rate change to 4. Jakarta: EGC.
Dysmenorrhea pain before and after
given a Warm Compress is 1.701. Corwin, Elizabeth J. 2000. Pocketbook
From the results of the study, it can be suggested Pathophysiology. Jakarta: EGC.
the following items for the institution,
the next students and researchers are; Gabriel, JF 1996. Medical Physics.
(a) Improving health education Jakarta: EGC.
more about the management of dysmenorrhea
effective use of compression technique Hackers and Moore. 2001. Essential
warm to reduce the pain of dysmenorrhea obstetrics and gynecology. 2nd Edition.
and to be able to help sexy work Jakarta: Hippocrates.
hostel health in dealing with
the incidence of dysmenorrhea by means of Manuaba, Gde. 1998. Obstetrics,
giving warm compresses, (b) Students gynecology and family
can apply the method of giving Planned. Jakarta : EGC.
warm compress to reduce pain
dysmenorrhea and can reduce pain Potter, P.A, Perry, AG. 2005. Textbooks
dysmenorrhea, (c) further recommended Nursing Fundamentals. 4th Edition.
for the next research add Volume I. Jakarta: EGC.
number of respondents, and researchers must
there really is a time when the respondent Rayburn, WF & Carey, JC. 2001. Obstetrics
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feel dysmenorrhea to be direct and gynecology. Jakarta : Widya

in handling by researchers medicine.

Tjokonegoro Arjantmo and Henra Utama.

* Lecturer in Midwifery Study Program 1996. Internal Medicine. Volume I.
Tanjungkarang Poltekkes Ministry of Health Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Tanjung Karang.
Winknjosastro, Hanifa (ed). 1999 Science
Content. Jakarta : YBBP-SP.
REFERENCES Arifin Samsul. 2010. Menstrual Pain.
Http://www.inpin40.esmartstudent.
com/menstruation.htm.
Adrianz G. 2008. Antenatal Care
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