Secondary Education

English 301
New Language Leader 3
Unit 5
Lesson 5
Study and Writing Skills
Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills

Objectives
By the end of the lesson, you will be able to
 identify types of graphs and charts and their importance,
 practise using specific vocabulary related to graphs,
 practise interpreting and representing information and statistics in graphs and
charts,
 create a pie chart and bar graph,
 revise phrases for comparing and contrasting information and statistics,
 write a summary of statistics found in tables.
 Ways to Communicate Information
Based on what you covered in unit 1, fill in the blanks with the words in the box below to complete the meaning.
facial convey both consume enjoyable aid record conferences printing speaking feelings relationships
Whether you give a slight head nod in agreement or present information to a large group, communication is
absolutely necessary when building ____________, sharing ideas, delegating responsibilities, managing a team
and much more. There are four main types of communication we use on a daily basis: verbal, nonverbal, written
and visual.
First, verbal communication is the use of language to transfer information through _____________or sign
language. It is one of the most common types often used during presentations, video _____________and phone
calls, meetings and one-on-one conversations. Second, nonverbal communication is the use of body language,
gestures and _____________expressions to convey information to others. It can be used
__________intentionally and unintentionally. For example, you might smile unintentionally when you hear a
pleasing or an ____________idea or a piece of information. Nonverbal communication is helpful when trying to
understand others’ thoughts and___________. Third, written communication is the act of writing, typing or
____________symbols like letters and numbers to convey information. It is helpful because it provides a
_________of information for reference. Finally, visual communication is the act of using photographs, art,
drawings, sketches, charts and graphs to ________information. Visuals are often used as an _______during
presentations to provide helpful context alongside written and/or verbal communication. Because people have
different learning styles, visual communication might be more helpful for some to _________ideas and
information.
Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills
Now, check your answers

facial convey both consume enjoyable aid record conferences printing speaking feelings relationships

Whether you give a slight head nod in agreement or present information to a large group, communication is
relationships sharing ideas, delegating responsibilities, managing a team
absolutely necessary when building______________,
and much more. There are four main types of communication we use on a daily basis: verbal, nonverbal, written and
visual.
speaking
First, verbal communication is the use of language to transfer information through ____________or sign language. It
conferences
is one of the most common types, often used during presentations, video ____________and phone calls, meetings
and one-on-one conversations. Second, nonverbal communication is the use of body language, gestures and
facial
___________expressions both
to convey information to others. It can be used _______intentionally and unintentionally.
For example, you might smile unintentionally when you hear a pleasing or an __________idea enjoyable or piece of
information. Nonverbal communication is helpful when trying to understand others’ thoughts and__________. feelings
Third, written communication is the act of writing, typing or _________symbols
printing like letters and numbers to convey
record
information. It is helpful because it provides a _________of information for reference. Finally, visual communication
convey
is the act of using photographs, art, drawings, sketches, charts and graphs to _________information. Visuals are
often used as an ________during
aid presentations to provide helpful context alongside written and/or verbal
communication. Because people have different learning styles, visual communication might be more helpful for
consume
some to __________ideas and information.
Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills
VISUAL COMMUNICATION
In this presentation you are going to learn how to read charts, graphs and tables and identify the key features of each of them.

 Reading comprehension involves more than reading words. Informational texts such as textbooks, manuals and
newspapers often contain graphical elements, e.g., tables, illustrations, diagrams and timelines. Students who can
interpret graphical elements have an advantage over those who cannot.

 Charts
Pie charts are used to show proportions and how each piece relates to the whole. Use pie
charts only when the parts of the pie are mutually exclusive categories and the sum of parts
adds up to a meaningful whole (100% of something).
 Graphs
Bar graphs present a set of bars. Each bar stands for a specific quantity, amount or measurement.
Bar graphs are also used to display proportions.

 Tables
Tables present facts or figures displayed in columns and rows. Information in the title and headings (labels) tell what the
columns and rows represent. Titles go above the body of the table and are left-justified.

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills

Read the report by The United Nations World Tourism Organization and create a pie chart and bar graph to
illustrate the information in paragraph 3. Once you are done click the enter key to check your answers on the
next two slides.
Countries that attract travellers the most
1 The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) publishes a report on travel and tourism around the
world annually, and the 2018 edition has just been released. The study looks at trends in tourism around the world
and, among other measures, tracks increases and decreases in tourism activity in countries and regions. Here's
what this year's study has found out.
2 In total, international tourists rose to just over 1.3 billion in 2017, 6.8% more than in 2016. This is the largest
percentage increase in a year since 2009.
The two regions that experienced the most growth were Africa (9%) and Europe (8%). What is surprising about
these figures is that Europe received more than half of international tourist arrivals worldwide, or 671 million,
while Africa received less than a tenth of that. amount, only 63 million.
3 European travellers accounted for 48% of tourism, followed by those from Asia-Pacific (25%), the Americas
(17%), the Middle East (3%), Africa (3%); and 4% did not declare their origin.
4 International tourism spending also increased 5% worldwide to $ 1.34 billion. Almost 40% of this figure comes
from spending in Europe, followed by Asia-Pacific (29%) and the Americas (24%).

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills

Now, check your answers

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills
Writing: Describing information in a table

The tables below show the cost of living of the United States of America and Canada. Summarise the information
in the tables by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.

Table 2: Price of selected items

Table 1: Average Salary and Rent USA Canada
Milk > 1 litre $ 0.99 $1.80
USA Canada
prices > Shoes $91.29 $76.09
Average salary $3,259 $2,773
petrol > 1 litre $0.96 $1.17
Rent per month 1 >
$745 $744 Cinema ticket $10.00 $10.79
bedroom apartment Public transport >
$ 2.00 $2.70
One way ticket

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills

 How to Describe a Graph, Diagram, Chart or Table?
 Highlight the main features of a graph, diagram, chart or table, leaving out minor details and irrelevant
information.
 Paraphrase wherever possible. Put any useful terms or phrases that are given in the title or labels into
your own words. Use synonyms, but also restructure your sentences.
 Avoid sentences like:
I/We can see that…
I think it’s an interesting feature that…
 Instead, use impersonal pronouns and structures such as the passive voice:
It can be seen that…
A striking feature of the graph is…
 Use Appropriate Language
First of all, you should not use any informal or slang words or expressions in the Writing exam – keep the
vocabulary formal and academic.
 Make Sure What You Say is True (according to the
given data)
 Do Not Give Your
Opinion.
Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills
 Here are some useful phrases/ expressions to describe charts.
As every graph tells a story, the designer has to be a good story teller. Some vocabulary you need to know:
 The pie chart is about ...
 The bar chart deals with ...  To go up: increase, rise, rocket, climb, lift, grow, go up, etc.
 The line graph (clearly) shows ...  To go down: decrease, drop, decline, fall, go down, a fall, a decrease etc.
 The diagram outlines…  No change: remain stable/ constant/ steady at, stay at the same level etc.
 This graph shows… Indicating a change of direction: stand at, stop falling/rising, stop falling
 This table lists… and start rising, stop rising and start falling, change etc.
 This chart represents…  At the top: reach a peak, peak, reach its/ their highest point etc.
 This chart depicts…  At the bottom: reach/hit a low (point), hit/ reach its/ their lowest point
 This chart breaks down… etc.
 The slices of the pie chart compare the ... Use of Tenses
 The chart is divided into ... parts.
 It highlights ...  Mind the correct use of tenses when describing a chart.
 ... has the largest (number of) ...  If the charts deals with facts in the present , use the Simple Present
 ... has the second largest (number of) ...  If the facts are in the past, then use the Simple Past.
 Let me show you …  If there is a connection between the past and the present, use the Present
 Let’s have a look at … Perfect.
 Let’s turn to…
 To illustrate my point let’s look at…
 As you can see from these…
Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills
Place the words in the right column. Once you are done, click the enter key to check your answers.
constant climb substantial dramatic collapse cut sharp stand at expansion considerable extension
fall go down growth improvement minimal level off push down steep reduction rise slight
soar stability moderate stagnation huge

Verbs Nouns Adjectives

climb collapse constant

collapse expansion substantial
cut extension dramatic

stand at fall sharp

fall growth considerable

go down improvement minimal

level off reduction steep
push down rise slight
rise stability moderate
soar stagnation huge

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills

Place the words in the right column to express the movement of a line.

constant climb collapse stand at expansion fall go down growth improvement level off
push down reduction rise stagnation increase expand step-up maintain recover hold steady
extension stability level off decrease drop stay at take-off crash rocket slide plunge
decline remain stable downturn

climb expansion constant stand at collapse fall

growth improvement level off stagnation go down push down
rise increase maintain hold steady reduction decrease
expand step-up stability level off drop crash
recover extension stay at remain stable slide plunge
take-off rocket decline downturn

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills

 The General Format of the Writing is as below:
 You should write an introduction: Try to write a meaningful introduction.
 You should explain the basic or the general trends in detail: Here you get a chance to exhibit your range of
vocabulary.
 You should write an ‘appropriate and meaningful conclusion’.

Remember
 Describing a specific set of information given in a table does not differ from describing a graph or pie chart.

 Keep in mind that: You must write your explanation in not less than 150 words and preferably not exceeding
200 words.
 You should not speculate or give opinions on the data – you are simply expected to describe the data given.
No more.
 The writing process should be followed: pre-writing (generating ideas and organizing them), writing, reviewing
and editing.
 Now, it’s your turn to describe the information in the tables on slide 09.

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills

Let’s go through the writing question again
The tables below show the cost of living of the United States of America and Canada. Summarise the information
in the tables by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.

Table 1: Average Salary and Rent Table 2: Price of selected items

USA Canada USA Canada
Average salary $3,259 $2,773 Milk > 1 litre $ 0.99 $1.80
Rent per month 1 > prices > Shoes $91.29 $76.09
$745 $744 petrol > 1 litre $0.96 $1.17
bedroom apartment
Cinema ticket $10.00 $10.79
Public transport >
$ 2.00 $2.70
One way ticket
REMEMBER
 Use comparative and superlative adjectives when you want to compare and
contrast things.
Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills
Let’s check! Complete the following sentences with the correct comparative form of the words listed below.

bad important crowded good high heavy convenient difficult cheap

expensive quiet easy thin healthy dangerous cold

1. In Canada, January is ________________

colder than March.
2. I think that good health is _______________________
more important than money.
3. I can’t carry my suitcase. It’s much ______________________
heavier than yours.
4. I can afford to buy a new bike but not a new car. A car is _______________________
more expensive than a bike.
thinner
5. You look ________________than the last time I saw you. Have you lost weight?
more crowded
6. I couldn’t get a seat in the restaurant. It was _____________________than usual.
higher
7. Mountains are _______________ than hills.
easier
8. He got a very good mark on his exam. The exam was _______________ than he had expected.
worse
9. You should go to the doctor. Your cold is __________________ than it was a few days ago.
10. There is a lot of crime in the big cities. They are __________________than
more dangerous the small towns where I live.
11. I don’t understand this lesson. It is ___________________than
more difficult the last one we had.
12. I can’t study in this room. It’s too noisy. I’m going to find a _________________place.
quieter
more convenient
13. Our apartment is far from everything. We want to move to a __________________ location.
14. Orange juice is _______________than
healthier soda.
cheaper
15. The store is having a great sale today. Most televisions are 25% ______________ than they were yesterday.
16. The doctor told me that I can go back to work if I feel _______________tomorrow.
better

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills

Self-assessment checklist.
 Task Response: Is the description between 150 and 200 words?
 Is the task clearly identified in the introduction?
 Have the important details in the data been referred to?
 Coherence & Cohesion: Is the information grouped into clear paragraphs?
 Is the information presented in a logical order?
 Are the sentences well-linked together?
 Has correct punctuation been used?
 Lexical Resource: Has the question been suitably paraphrased?
 Has repetition of vocabulary been avoided?
 Does the text contain vocabulary specific to the topic?
 Grammar Range & Accuracy: Has spelling been checked?
 Have verb tenses and subject verb agreement been checked?

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills

Here is a model answer.
Some researches were done into the similarities and differences between the USA and Canada. Data was
collected from many sources. Information from websites such as Nation Master was used. The results were
analyzed. Then some of the results were put into tables. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
We can see from Table 1 that there is quite a big difference in the average monthly salaries in the two countries.
Americans take home, on average, $3,259 a month whereas Canadians get $2,773. However, the average
monthly rent for a one bedroom apartment, for example, is nearly the same in both countries. There are some
differences in the prices of everyday items. Table 2 shows that, for example, a litre of milk is much cheaper in
the USA while the average price of a pair of shoes is more expensive in the USA for $91.29 against $76.09 in
Canada. However, a litre of petrol is quite cheaper in the USA, while a cinema ticket is almost the same price in
both countries . However, a one way ticket for public transport is quite more expensive in Canada for $3.00
against $ 2.00 in the USA. When it comes to life costs, there are many differences between Canada and the USA.

As a conclusion, there are several similarities and differences between the USA and Canada. However, it is clear
that life in Canada is more expensive that that in the USA.
Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills
 THIS IS THE END OF THE LESSON
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
AND HARD WORK

Eng.301 Unit 5 Lesson 5- Study and Writing Skills