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Published in IET Electric Power Applications
Received on 6th May 2013
Revised on 14th September 2013
Accepted on 2nd October 2013
doi: 10.1049/iet-epa.2013.0154

ISSN 1751-8660

Design procedure of segmented rotor switched

reluctance motor for direct drive applications
Vandana Rallabandi, Baylon Godfrey Fernandes
Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
E-mail: vandana.rallabandi@gmail.com

Abstract: Switched reluctance motors (SRM) are becoming increasingly popular because of the rising cost of permanent
magnets. It was reported that segmented rotor construction improves the torque output and efficiency. This study discusses an
SRM with segmented rotor construction designed for direct drive application. Such a motor has an outer rotor. It is found that
in such machines, the torque output increases when there are higher number of rotor segments than stator poles. A segmented
rotor SRM with 12 stator poles and 26 rotor segments is discussed here. It has unique pole tip shape, which improves torque
output. Design procedure of the motor is presented. Moreover, limitations of segmented rotor SRMs having a higher number
of rotor segments than stator poles are also identified, and possible solutions are suggested. Experimental results on the
prototype of a three-phase 12/26 motor are presented.

1 Introduction SSRM with alternate winding arrangement was proposed in

Direct drive application requires a motor which is rated for
high torque and low speed. Motors used for this application
are usually externally rotating. Moreover, the space
available for the motor is constrained; therefore the motor
must have high-specific torque output. Hence, permanent
magnet (PM) motors are commonly used for this
application. However, because of the increasing cost of
rare-earth materials required in PM motors, the present
trend is to look for PM free alternatives. This paper focuses
on the use of switched reluctance motors (SRM) for this
application. As SRM is a singly excited machine, its
specific torque output does not match up to that of a PM
motor. Thus, focus of much of the recent work is on
improving the torque output of SRMs. It was recently
shown that SRMs having higher number of rotor poles than
stator poles have high efficiency and torque to weight ratio
[1]. A 6/10 SRM which has significant improvements in
torque output and efficiency over 6/4 SRM was developed
in [1, 2]. On similar lines, a four- phase 8/14 SRM with
improvements over 8/6 SRM was designed in [3, 4].
Another method to improve the performance of SRM is the
use of segmented rotor topology [5]. Segmented rotor SRM
(SSRM) has a stator with full pitch coils and a rotor with
discrete segments embedded in non-magnetic material. A
three-phase 12/8 SSRM was proposed in [6]. Recently, the
idea of increasing the number of rotor poles to enhance
torque output and efficiency was also extended to SSRM in
[7], wherein a 12/16 SSRM is proposed. This motor was
reported to have about 65% higher torque capability than
conventional SRMs. Although this machine has much higher
torque output than a 12/8 SSRM, it is observed that it has
high end winding volume because of the full pitch coils. An
[8]. This machine has 12 stator poles with ten rotor
segments, and coils sides of a phase are placed in adjacent
slots. This coil arrangement (known as single tooth winding)
reduces the end winding volume and copper loss. For
low-speed applications (such as direct drive), use of SSRM
with single tooth winding, which has a higher number of
rotor segments than stator poles leads to high torque with
low copper loss. To illustrate this, an SSRM with 12 stator
poles and 26 rotor segments was designed and developed in [9].
This paper discusses the detailed design procedure of such
machines. Rule to identify valid stator pole/rotor segment
combinations is given. New stator pole tip shape which
enhances torque output of SSRMs with higher number of
rotor segments than stator poles is proposed. The
performance of such machines is also compared with that of
the 6/10 SRM of [1] and 12/16 SSRM of [7]. Significant
improvements in torque per ampere and torque to weight
ratio are noted. In addition, the factors limiting the number
of rotor segments are also identified. It is found that
although increasing the number of rotor segments improves
specific torque output and efficiency, it reduces the width of
constant power region and also the overload capability.
However, it is observed that the motor can be operated in
constant power region by using continuous conduction
technique. Experimental results on the prototype of a 12/26
SSRM which support conclusions of analysis are presented.
2 Design of the motor
To enhance the torque output and efficiency, SRM with
segmented rotor construction is designed. Furthermore, to
minimise the end winding volume, single tooth winding is used.

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Table 1 Valid slot/pole combinations for SSRM with single
tooth winding
Number of phases Slot/pole combinations
2 8/10, 8/14, 8/18, 8/22
12/15, 12/21 etc. and multiples
3 12/10, 12/14, 12/20, 12/16, 18/15
18/21, 18/33 etc. and multiples
4 16/10, 16/12, 16/14, 16/18
24/15, 24/21 etc. and multiples
2.1 Valid slot–pole combinations of SSRM with
single tooth winding
In case of a three-phase machine, it is found that stator pole/
rotor segment (Ns/Nr) combination which yields phase shift of
60 or 120° electrical between adjacent stator slots is
permissible. In general, for an m-phase machine, slot/pole
combinations with (Nr/Ns) = (n/2m) (where n is an integer
which is not divisible by m) are valid. In addition, Ns =
2km, where k ≠ 1 to avoid magnetic unbalance. The feasible
slot–pole combinations are summarised in Table 1.
Fig. 1 SSRM with single tooth winding
a Variation of loss with number of rotor segments
b Geometry
c Rectilinear geometry showing the design parameters
d Flux paths in aligned position
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2.2 Output equation
In in-wheel electric vehicle (EV) application, to facilitate
direct coupling of the motor to the wheel, the motor is
made externally rotating. In this case, the torque rating of
the motor is found out from acceleration requirement of the
vehicle. The space available for the motor is constrained. It
has been shown that operation of the motor in the extended
constant power region leads to lower accelerating power
requirement [10]. However, it also increases the required
torque rating of the motor, thereby increasing its size. The
motor size must be minimised in order to achieve fast
acceleration. Thus, the base speed of the motor is chosen to
be equal to the maximum rotating speed of the wheel. In
this case, the maximum torque rating and speed rating are
taken as 24 Nm and 600 rpm, respectively.
Increasing the number of rotor segments of low-speed outer
rotor SSRMs reduces the loss thereby improving efficiency.
The variation of copper and iron loss with the number of
rotor segments is shown in Fig. 1a. These results are
obtained from finite element (FE)-based simulation. A
commercial FE analysis tool, Flux 2 D, developed by
Cedrat is used for the study. In the FE model, the number
of triangular mesh elements and nodes are 15 220 and
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7430, respectively. It is found that a 12/26 SSRM has the least (c2π/Nr) gives
overall loss [9]. The cross-section of this machine is shown in

Fig. 1b. The design of this motor is now discussed. mNI 1 D c2p + Nr SPAm − Nr SPP
The instantaneous torque output (t) of SRM is expressed T= 1− B L (7)
2p S g2 2
as [11]
where m is the number of phases; φa is the aligned flux; φu is
df the unaligned flux; Nr is the number of rotor segments; I is the
t = NI (1)
du peak phase current; SPAw are SPAn are pole arcs of wide and
narrow stator poles; RPA is the rotor pole arc; D is the bore
Average torque is diameter; L is the stack length; SPP and RPP are the stator
and rotor pole pitches; Bg is the air gap flux density; and N

 is the number of turns.
fa − fu mNr NI fu
T = mNr NI = fa 1 − (2)
2p 2p fa
2.3 Selection of stator and rotor pole arcs
The rectilinear geometry of SSRM with single tooth winding Equation (7) reveals that the torque is proportional to SPAm
is shown in Fig. 1c, whereas flux path in the aligned position and c. The static torque profile as obtained through FE
is shown in Fig. 1d. From Fig. 1c, the overlapping area simulation for different values of SPAm is shown in Fig. 2a.
between stator and rotor can be expressed as The static torque profile for different values of c is shown
in Fig. 2b. It can be seen that torque improves with
D (RPA − slot opening) increasing SPAm and c.
Aoverlap = L (3)
2 2

As seen in Fig. 1c, stator slot opening can be expressed in 2.3.1 Relation between pole arcs of wide and narrow
terms of stator pole arc and pitch as stator poles: In case of SSRM with single tooth winding,
as coils sides of the same coil are placed in adjacent slots, they
SPAw + SPAn must have phase shift of 0° with respect to each other.
slot opening = SPP − (4)
2 However, as seen in Section 2.1, the phase shift is 60 or
120° depending on the slot–pole combination. The phase
Hence shift is corrected by maintaining the following relation
between wide and narrow pole arcs
 
D RPA − SPP + (SPAw + SPAn /2)
fa = Bg L (5) 720p 720
2 2 SPAw − SPAn = − (8)
Nr Ns
Substituting this value of φa in (2), putting (φa/φu) = S and
(SPAw + SPAn/2) = SPAm, (i.e. mean stator pole arc) gives where p is the number of rotor segments contained in one
an expression for torque in terms of geometric parameters stator pole pitch. In case of 12/10 SSRM, p = 1, whereas
p = 2 for 12/26 SSRM. It is seen from Fig. 2a that higher

 torque is obtained for SPAm = 26°. Hence, the value of
mNI 1 D N (RPA + SPAm − SPP)
T= 1− Bg L r (6) SPAm is selected to be 26°. Substituting values of Nr, Ns
2p S 2 2 and p in the above equation gives SPAw − SPAn = −4.615°
for 12/26 SSRM. Hence, SPAw and SPAn are selected to be
Putting rotor pole arc (RPA) = c rotor pole pitch (RPP) = 23.7 and 28.3° in the current design. Similarly, as seen in

Fig. 2 Effect of
a Stator pole arc on static torque profile
b Ratio of RPA to pole pitch on static torque profile

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Fig. 2b, higher torque is obtained for c = 0.8, hence c chosen iron parts is much lower than Bg. Thus, less reluctance is
as 0.8 in the current design. offered by the iron parts. This low reluctance increases the
flux thereby improving torque. However, a high value of k
2.4 Dimensions of iron parts requires much wider iron parts, which reduces space
available for the coils. Equation (10) reveals that a higher
It can be seen from Fig. 1d that the same flux passes through value of k can be chosen when RPA is low. RPA is
stator yoke, narrow stator pole and rotor segment. Therefore inversely proportional to Nr. Hence, machines with higher
the following relation can be written Nr can be designed with a higher value of k leading to
higher torque output.
Bg DL(RPA + SPAm − SPP) The width Wz of narrow stator poles, rotor segments and
fa = = Bz LWz (9) stator yoke can be determined using (10) by initially taking
4
k = 1. Iterative solution using FE simulation gives the
where Bz is the flux density in iron part (i.e. narrow stator optimum value of k. Fig. 1b shows that the wide stator
poles and yoke and rotor segment) of the motor and Wz is poles carry double the flux as the narrow stator poles, yoke
the width of that part, respectively. and rotor segments. Hence, their width Wwp is given by
A factor ‘k’ which is given by the ratio of air gap flux
density to flux density in iron parts [i.e. (Bg/Bz)] is defined. Wwp = 2Wz (11)
Substituting this value of k in (9) gives
The outer diameter of the motor Do in this case is decided by
4Wz the wheel diameter, which is taken as 10″ here. The bore
k= (10) diameter D is given by
D(RPA + SPAm − SPP)
D = Do − W z (12)
A high value of k is desirable as it implies that flux density in

Fig. 3 Effect of stator pole tooth width on flux paths and torque
a Flux density distribution in the aligned position
b Machine geometry with wide stator pole tips
c Effect of stator pole tip width on torque profile

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2.5 New stator pole tip shape for SSRMs
with Nr > Ns
Flux density distribution in 12/26 SSRM at the aligned
position is shown in Fig. 3a. It is seen from this figure that
the pole tip of the narrow stator pole is in saturation, and it
therefore offers high reluctance. This reduces Bg and
therefore flux through the other parts of the magnetic
circuit. This causes decrease in the torque. It is observed in
Fig. 3a that the stator pole tip is saturated, whereas flux
density in the stator poles and yoke is much lower. The
reluctance offered by the stator pole tip can be reduced by
increasing its width as shown in Fig. 3b. This increases Bg
and the torque. The effect of increasing stator pole tip width
(SPTW) on torque is shown in Fig. 3c. It is seen from this
figure that there is significant increase in torque when
SPTW is increased. However, wide stator pole tips shown
in Fig. 3b reduce the space available for the coils. This
necessitates reduction in cross-sectional area of the
conductors, leading to increase in copper loss. This is
addressed by using a modified stator pole tip shape as
discussed below.
The reluctance of the narrow stator pole tip can also be
reduced by modifying its shape as shown in Fig. 4a. The
shaded flux density plot for this machine in the aligned
position is shown in Fig. 4b. It can be seen that the flux in
Fig. 4 12/26 SSRM with modified pole tip shape
a Geometry
b Flux density distribution in the aligned position
c Effect of modified stator pole tip on static torque
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this position increases, thereby improving torque. This type
of stator pole tip shape also gives sufficient place to the
coils. Although performing the comparison of 12/26 SSRM
with conventional and modified stator pole tips, slot areas,
slot current densities and hence copper loss in both
machines are maintained the same. Fig. 4c shows the static
torque output of 12/26 SSRM with conventional and
modified stator pole tips. As seen in this figure,
significantly higher torque output is obtained when the
modified type of pole tip shape is used. This stator pole tip
shaping can also be applied to the 12/16 SSRM of [7]. The
12/16 SSRM with conventional and modified pole tip
shapes is shown in Figs. 5a and b, respectively.
Improvement in torque output because of use of the
modified shape is shown in Fig. 5c. The shaded flux
density plots obtained with the conventional and modified
pole tip shapes are shown in Figs. 6a and b, respectively.
Fig. 6a shows that with the conventional pole tip shape, the
stator pole tips are in deep saturation. This reduces the flux
in the circuit. When the pole tip shape is modified, they are
no longer in saturation, hence flux increases. This can be
seen in Fig. 5b. This is the reason for improvement in torque.
Modification of the pole tip shape reduces its reluctance,
thereby increasing Bg. Hence, a high value of k is required
to prevent saturation of the iron parts of the machine.
However as seen above, machines with a lower number of
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Fig. 5 12/16 SSRM with

a Conventional pole tip shape
b Modified pole tip shape
c Effect of modified stator pole tip shape on torque

Fig. 6 Shaded flux density plot of 12/16 SSRM with

a Conventional pole tips
b Modified pole tips

rotor segments cannot be designed with a high value of k. 3 Comparison with existing SRMs
Thus, the width of the iron parts would not be sufficient to
carry the higher flux that is forced through them because of The performance of this motor is now compared with that of a
reduction in the reluctance of the stator pole tip. Thus, there 6/10 SRM proposed in [1] and a 12/16 SSRM of [7]. The
is little effect on torque when the modified stator pole tip is comparative study is carried out with the help of FE-based
used in case of machines with lower number of rotor simulation tool. The two machines of [1, 7] are re-designed
segments than stator slots (e.g. 12/8 SSRM). with the same dimensions as the 12/26 SSRM. The results
Thus, it is concluded that this pole tip shape gives higher of the comparison are summarised in Table 2. It is seen
torque output for SSRMs with Nr > Ns. from this table that efficiency and torque to weight ratio of
the developed SSRM are significantly higher than that of
the existing machines. The iron loss in case of 12/16 SSRM
is lower than that of 6/10 SSRM in spite of higher number
Table 2 Comparison with existing SRM of rotor segments. This is because of lower iron weight and
Parameters 12/26 12/16 6/10
short flux paths of SSRM. Furthermore, in case of SSRM, it
SSRM SSRM SRM is found that flux reversals are eliminated from the stator by
arranging the coils as follows: A+, B−, C+, A−, B+, C−, A
stack length, mm 40 40 40 +, B−, C+, A−, B+ and C− as shown in Fig. 5a.
air gap, mm 0.4 0.4 0.4
torque, Nm 24.6 24.3 24.3
copper loss, W 78 116 172 4 Limitations of increasing the number of
iron loss, W 51 29 38 rotor segments
net loss, W 129 145 210
efficiency, % 90.4 88.5 86.5 4.1 Narrow range of field weakening
iron weight, kg 4.5 5.4 7.8
copper weight, kg 3.2 5.4 3.34
torque/active weight, Nm/kg 3.25 2.2 2.2 A limitation of increasing the number of rotor segments (for a
given number of stator slots) is reduction in the field

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weakening range of the motor. The reduction in field Thus, Eb is
weakening range can be explained as follows: as the
number of rotor segments increases, the air gap becomes df f − fu
Eb = g N v = gNr a vb (15)
more uniform. This reduces the saliency ratio. The range of du r b 2
field weakening depends on this ratio. To maintain constant
power, turn ON position (θon) (electrical radians) is Substituting the value of Eb in (13)
advanced with speed. The amount of advance (θadv)
(electrical radians) is such that current reaches its peak fu f − fu
v N = gNr a vb (16)
value at the start of positive torque region (θo). Thus, at uon − uo c r 2
maximum (mechanical) speed ωc
Thus, the ratio of maximum speed to base speed is
fu
vN =V (13) vc g(fa − fu )(uon − uo )
uon − uo c r = (17)
vb 2fu
Applied voltage is taken as γ times the back electromagnetic Putting (φa/φu) = S, and θon − θo = θadv gives
field (emf) at base speed. Back emf (Eb) is obtained by
differentiating the flux linkage with time at (mechanical) vc uadv g(S − 1)
base speed (ωb). Flux linkage is approximately given as = (18)
vb 2
fa + fu (fa − fu ) cos (u) Thus, for a given advance in turn ON position, θadv, the ratio
f= + (14)
2 2 of maximum speed to base speed is proportional to (S − 1).

Fig. 7 Continuous conduction technique

a Power–speed characteristics
b Variation of rms current with speed

Fig. 8 Characteristics of 12/26 SSRM

a Variation of torque with current density
b Flux–MMF diagram

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Table 3 Specifications of prototype SSRM also be used to increase the ratio of maximum speed to
base speed. In this scheme, phase currents at higher speeds
overall outer diameter, mm 232
stack length, mm 40 are allowed to be continuous. This method has been
air gap, mm 0.4 proposed to operate conventional SRMs at very high speeds
number of turns per phase 200 [13, 14].
rated current, A 20 The power–speed characteristics obtained by the
power rating, kW 1.5
rated torque, Nm and speed, rpm 24 and 600
conventional method and by using continuous conduction
are seen in Fig. 7a. It is seen that the constant power region
is very narrow when the currents in the phase coils are
discontinuous. However, operation in constant power region
As S reduces with increasing Nr, the ratio of maximum speed is obtained when continuous conduction is used.
to base speed also reduces. A limitation of using this scheme is reduction in the
efficiency of the motor. In the field weakening region, when
discontinuous conduction is used, the root-mean-square
4.2 Operation in field weakening zone by using (rms) current of SRM reduces with increasing speed [15].
continuous conduction However, in case of SSRMs with higher number of rotor
segments than stator poles, operation in constant power
The ratio of maximum speed to base speed can be increased zone cannot be obtained using this method. It is observed
by increasing γ, that is, application of higher voltage. that when continuous conduction is used, there is less
However, this would increase the volt–ampere rating of the reduction of rms current with speed. The variation of rms
drive. One of the major limitations of SRM is its high current with speed when the motor is supplying constant
inverter volt–ampere rating [12]. An alternate method can power is shown in Fig. 7b.

Fig. 9 Photographs of the fabricated SSRM

a Stator and rotor laminations
b Wound stator
c Rotor

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is observed in the flux–MMF diagram of Fig. 8b. These
results indicate that SSRMS with higher number of rotor
segments are not suitable for use in high-power density
applications. Thus, an alternate SRM topology is required
for such applications. In such applications, increase in both
the number of stator slots and rotor segments (i.e.
multiplicity) of SRM results in high-torque output [9].

5 Experimental results
A prototype of 12/26 SSRM with the modified pole tip shape
is fabricated. The specifications of this machine are given in
Table 3. The stator and rotor laminations are shown in
Fig. 9a. The wound stator is shown in Fig. 9b, whereas the
assembled rotor is shown in Fig. 9c. As the rotor consists
of isolated segments, connection of the segments together
Fig. 10 Inductance profile of 12/26 SSRM presents an engineering challenge. Embedding the rotor
segments in aluminium was proposed in [16]. However, it
is found that this leads to high-conduction losses in
4.3 Lower torque at high currents

Increase in the number of rotor segments for a given number

of stator slots improves the torque output and efficiency.
However, it also reduces overload capability. The variation
of torque with operating current density for the designed
12/26 SSRM is shown in Fig. 8a. It is seen from this figure
that at higher current density, the rate of increase of torque
with current reduces significantly. This can be explained
from the flux–MMF (magneto-motive force) diagrams.
SSRMs with higher number of rotor segments than stator
poles have a more uniform air gap as compared with
conventional SSRMs. Thus, there is less difference between
aligned and unaligned fluxes. At low MMFs (i.e. lower
current density), the magnetic circuit is in the linear region,
and aligned flux is sufficiently higher than unaligned flux.
However, at higher MMFs (higher current density), because
of saturation, the rate of increase of flux (in the aligned
position) with MMF reduces. However, there is no
saturation at the unaligned position, thus the flux in this
position increases linearly with current. Hence, the
unaligned flux tends to approach the aligned flux at high Fig. 12 Variation of efficiency with speed while supplying constant
MMFs, leading to less increase in torque with current. This torque

Fig. 11 Measured phase current at low speed

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Fig. 13 Measured phase currents
a During discontinuous conduction mode
b In continuous conduction mode
aluminium, thereby deteriorating the efficiency of the motor.
These losses are reduced by placing the isolated segments in a
stainless steel frame. The shape of the rotor segments is
modified in order to facilitate their secure placement in the
stainless steel frame. The measured inductance profile of the
motor is shown in Fig. 10.
For the purpose of testing, the motor is coupled to a DC
generator. The torque output is measured by using a stress
sensor. The motor is fed through asymmetric bridge inverter
which is commonly used for SRM drives.
Hysteresis current control is used, and the set current is
equal to the rated current of the motor. The measured phase
current is shown in Fig. 11. Texas Instrument
TMS320F2812 DSP processor with eZdSP system kit is
used to implement this control scheme. The motor is tested
on open loop. Position information is required to switch
ON/OFF the phases. This information is derived from an
incremental type position encoder from ALTHERIS Sensors
& Controls.
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The variation of efficiency with speed when the motor is
supplying a constant load torque of 12 Nm is shown in
Fig. 12. The maximum measured efficiency is 91%. Below
base speed, the motor is operated in discontinuous
conduction mode, whereas the operating mode is changed
to continuous conduction above base speed. Currents in
discontinuous and continuous conduction modes are shown
in Figs. 13a and b, respectively. It is seen from this figure
that the minimum value of the current is not zero in
continuous conduction mode. It is reported that continuous
conduction scheme leads to instability [14]. In this study,
this issue is addressed by limiting the current. The set limit
is equal to the rated current of the motor. The torque–speed
characteristics of the motor are shown in Fig. 14a. It is seen
from this figure that the droop in these characteristics is
high when the phase current is discontinuous.
The power–speed characteristics of this machine are shown
in Fig. 14b. It is seen that this motor has no constant power
region when the phase currents are discontinuous. However,
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Fig. 14 Experimental results
a Torque–speed characteristics with discontinuous and continuous conduction
b Power–speed characteristics with discontinuous and continuous conduction
c Efficiency while operating in constant power region
operation of the motor in this region weakening region can be
achieved by using continuous conduction as seen in this
figure. The variation of efficiency with speed when the
Fig. 15 Variation of torque (p.u.) with current (p.u.) of 12/26 and
6/4 SSRMs
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motor is supplying rated power in the field weakening
region is shown in Fig. 14c. Slight reduction in efficiency
with speed is observed, because of use of continuous
conduction.
The lower overload capability of 12/26 SSRM can be
observed in Fig. 15 which shows the measured variation of
torque with p.u. current of 12/26 SSRM, along with that of
a 6/4 SSRM. It can be seen that the torque/ampere of 12/26
SSRM significantly exceeds that of 6/4 SSRM at lower
currents. However, the gap between these characteristics of
the machines reduces at higher currents.
6 Conclusions
It is found that for low-speed applications, efficiency and
torque output of external rotor segmented rotor SRM
increase with increasing number of rotor segments.
Therefore an outer rotor segmented rotor type SRM with 12
stator poles and 26 rotor segments is developed for direct
drive application. The design of this motor is discussed in
detail. The shape of the stator pole tip is modified to obtain
higher torque with low copper loss. Simulation study shows
that this motor has higher efficiency and torque to weight
ratio than other SRMs. The maximum measured efficiency
of this motor is about 91%. Furthermore, it is seen that
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although torque output and efficiency increase with increase
in the number of rotor segments, other performance
parameters of the motor such as width of field weakening
region and overload capability deteriorate with increasing
number of rotor segments. Continuous conduction must be
used to operate the motor in the constant power region. In
case of direct drive EV application, the base speed of the
motor is normally chosen to be close to the maximum
speed of the vehicle. Therefore a wide speed range is not
required. Furthermore, as natural cooling is used, operation
at high-current densities is also not required. Therefore such
SSRMs are suitable for direct drive application.
7 References
1 Desai, P.C., Krishnamurthy, M., Schofield, N., Emadi, A.: ‘Novel
switched reluctance machine configuration with higher number of
rotor poles than stator poles: concept to implementation’, IEEE Trans.
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IET Electr. Power Appl., 2014, Vol. 8, Iss. 3, pp. 77–88
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