Professional Documents
Culture Documents
30
Prepared by
Prepared for
Hydraulics Division
Fritz Engineering Laboratory
Department of Civil Engineering
July 1958
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I Introduction 1
III Procedure 2
IV Test Results 3
VI Appendix 5
A. Illustrations
B. TestData
C. Sample Calculation
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
.I. INTRODUCTION
determine pressure head losses across a wire mesh fiLter for various
rates of flow. The tests were to cover a range of discharges from zero
to 2,000 gallons per minute with possible pressure drop range from 0
bottom of the filter. Two alternate designs of cage and orifice plate
Laboratory. Two pumps were employed in the tests, which when operated
in series had a capacity of between 1900 and 2000 gallons per minute
loss across the filter. The housing was installed a short distance
housing into a 20-ft x 4-ft Weir Tank, then passed through a s~ries of
baffles and over a rectangular weir at the end of the tank. Inlet and
outlet pressures were measured with mercury manometers and in addition
system. The discharge was measured with the rectangular weir. Figures 3
I II. PROCEDURE
Two designs of filter cage and orifice plate were tested as well
as two sizes of wire mesh. Tests were performed on the original design
first (Test No.1 through 7), then on the improved design (Test No.8
through 10). Test N(L 1, for a filter with .002" spacing, was
while Test No.6 was ona :£;ilter with 0.002" spacing. Test No.3' and
and orifice plate of the original design; and Test No.8 and 9 were
performed on the cage and orifice plate of the new design. In the
a smaller opening. Test No.8 covered the orifice fully open while
Test No.9 was for the orifice fully closed. The test procedure was
sisted of 4 to 8 rates of discharge (or runs) and for each run the
following data were taken: (a) a hook gage reading giving the head
gage reading, (d) an outlet man.ometer reading, (e) and an outlet gage
'side of-~ .fllter and a fairly high pressure was observed on the inlet
. .
'side ~ In order to meas~re the high pressure accurate.ly a combination
was l1I8de at the pumps ~ some distance upstream from the test section~
<.figure 2).
IV'. TESTRE'SULTS
The test data have been calculated and are summarized in Table
No.1. Test No~ 1 was omitted from this table and Test No.2 is con-
sidered preliminary. Test No. 3 gives pressure head losses for housing
only for discharges up to 1900 gallons per minute. Test No.4 gives
pressure head losses for the housing, cage and orifice plate for
complete filter with 0.005" spacing for discharges up to 1525 gallons per
minute. Test No.8 gives the pressure head losses for the new design of
cage and orifice plate for discharges up to 1580 gallons per minute~
while Test No.9 is for the new design gage and orifice plate with
orifice plate fully closed. The maximum dtschaxge for this test was
1435 gallons per minute. Test No. 10 was for a filter unit with O. 005"
spacing placed in the test housing without the customary cage or orifice
plate.
The data for tests No. 2 through No. 10 are presented in Figures
), and 4» where the pressure loss in pounds per squa~e inch was plotted
against the discharge in gallons per minute. Figure 3 presents the data
for the original design, while Figure 4 is for the improved cage and
orifice plate.
points for housing only (Test No.3) and for filter only (Test No. 10)
are essent~ally straight lines. This is not the case for the data from
the complete filter assembly, or cage and orifice plate, or orifice plate
only as the plots resulted in lines which for higher rates of flow seem
pressure head loss and discharge would be obtained. One of the possible
higher in the actual installation (2000 - 3000 pounds per square inch)-
actual pressure head loss a straight line should be drawn based on data
Illustrations - Figures 1 - 7
-6
I
. I
t::::::===~
-6
I
II
WI..,. e.
SCree",
LbJI---
Fig. 3 - View of Test Housing and Main Pumps
Fig o 4 - View of Pressure Measuring Devices
Fig. 5 = View of Rectangular Weir
-11
l()-,-
M_L
!
.
'-t---j------ L_ -'---TTm -H+
;
:
.:
'-'---~:',
... ~_._~-
:
._1-.
t
I
:.
I
_~~
'
n n- --I
-J--+--- -- __
l' I i 'I
--'---r--'
J .
I ' i
j -+-_I--f-'-+--l--'-i'-4":--f--1r--+--'-I
---1r-+-+--+-+++--t--t-4--1
..
,'n-r-- i -l-T-""·---,.
I II
'i :
_. I -r--- :
- : J I , I ' .
-r--·-·--"·---i---:--;~[ I
-~- _._-~-_.----l-----._.i-~-I !--LIt 1.1" j.--- ---- ' ~---- L-t ":.. ::
t>
5
I
-'
-_:-: -- - -~
-:t'-+-' =r::-'
-T-
+; .,..-+.""'+,-""'::.+.,...,.-+--I-.---t.-'-I
t -+--+-f- +-,
_.~:-- --;----1~r- ~_ 1--~"------ ~---r-' -~f--
.--t--"~---r-----L- - l-r:r ' -r-rr---r-.. -r- oj .-- _.
-r+-,~':-+-~+-I
':l
~
4
+,
:.~
~ 0..... l
.~-._ ....-
. I•
~ ---:--'-i
,
-t -+-J-~+t-+--, TT'1...1___
; I I ' , :i i
I '
I ,I
·-;·_-f-:---!--;--l I!
I
i i '
--+----r-+-L.L-.---t---+-
I
'-l---~
, I!
i I: I.!j I'
-t-- - - -!-------j --J ''';-
I
I
I
I
---j-t-
, '
r --
-+
---+---.-t-.+-I
--e------
+
I
I
"
I I
" ' "
'I : ' ' I
' , '
I, . , I I 1.',.1
II Ii .
r:-' -r-t-::ttltt1----+-+--I
I ! I .
-:ri--~-+ I I ~+
I I
++1
': -~L_,--t!~ -~-~_L~ -J-L++-l~i~-LI~"L
c--
I : I " I
1- , I I I I I ' 1 I I
I W
i iii I:' Ii! 'I , i !: I . ·-1'
t' !. ,! : ; ! : I , Ii! Ii' i' "
~ l!T-~--;-_·--·+--~-+-T±---,'t--~-+- -}
Yt----...J--~·-·-T~---; ·1 ' r--r--t-.-t-·- i
,.. .-L-+--J--i+r-+
,-i----.i--. i-+-·+-~-rj-i--+--r-·+--{
~ r!- .JIl--L.- ---t'
-~--t---;--t-.:~I ..-;.-.'r +',.f- ---T ..---".' --, -- ----1----- -- ...;...- .L---+-+-t-+-+--t---+--j
; , ; : ! r i t. !.! I
' ' t - .
-:- ---I --r--- .1=1"
I
··.·_···_·t·~-~·.
I "~"'~--'.- i ! ++4'
o•
-.
·_r:· 't"\·_
V.Wl ::..! II.! . 1,·--:,·------·- -.1----~,1 , --;1
rr 1
1
i
- I
, .....
~ i
l t
'1;---;- -'---.- --;
.
I
I I I
I -- --- -
I
~ u_;- ---1 - --
-- ..
-+-'• I--:--:'-.i
,.. -+-m---
I ' ,
--1-~-""'.-ri.
~ --.~ ---j---~
.. .. , .. ~._+.: -1· i- i I.
---1-----·1" .. T-·--1~---l-·;-~-t·!-i11.- .
~ t-- .------~- -r;-.-.,. . .,. ----'-r'--f-,--r'-· .---+-----!- _ .... +-- -"rl-...,...-t--~+
IT! I ! ,~-.
t-
i i I . I
'_ t .. ..j &1.. L ! I
I I I '.J'
I I i
W ;
2 .
,·'t _._-,-
!. i.
----:---1,;-----+
I : ' , '
'-1,-- ';- 1 _... ~ --_.~ ._-~ -~~.if-t-, ~ T-l-I~
! ::ti
.
.
-._~ --._--i--- -
I
-m.
'
. ~·
. ~.; '
.;-----;-
I ' .:.
'-"~--r---+-:'-
,·'1·'
,. i : : ..
, :": I I. I '
~.~s~~.~ t+-~~--i . J.~--~1
I I
1 ' I• - .,
_., - ~._-- •• _._-_. _·t
.. i ' ..
I , t
,
,~ t ... •
, '.
,
.,-...... __~ ~ ...J.I _ _.. J_. !-.:_.L__.i_._~ . . . .
I
._._.i
:.j',
.l ~__ ~!!~~ lip ·~jil..-L1.J~
l ;J :')
hut""'.dre.ds +hoUS~f"\d.s
G. P. M.
. : '+
;:,,--.-----.-- ~~-r-.---:----' "'---"'-r-1 -·....,-----.--·--T --r~.~-r- ~
"4-- - -----.---
-t-..---- - -~. --- - ~,' ,'I. i i
---'-:--1---",
'--r-~-:---1'-~'
' ,I '+
.+---L-+-+-~~---W-- t- --' ~--- ~- :_..1
-r---r-- -- ----\-
:
.~L __
----j--' ----t-·
: I:
-: --'7-r
·1·· .--+----! ...l-l--";_+-!-_L,-_- ;.. -;.-L-l
:- --T-;
. : : !
--To< I : ':;
~' l~---t I
,
-r-·----- ..- - .. ;...-·,----:---,..----t'-~-+--·~·-l--,:·----;--- .... --:--------'
, i : ! ' I ' I !! ' : : ; ; - i:; I :! Ii:'
·-----T" -+-+---:--_.-j :-G-;- ---: --1- ;- '1 I :
~ -+----'-----'---f-'--·---i---7-+---~-.l-t.+1.-t-,L.t------
l ·-----~---....;.--·-'---,..;---r·----r'-l---·l..:..;---
L.. ,l,+---1.
!
. : ..--.---- --f'----·-- --...
I ' , '
---i------: r---; -- : .:
I
-..
j I • 'I! I' I i ,
1 -t -+"-1-+'-;-+' -
!
...~ ..'-,- 1--------- .+---f-.---- __... __ ,..... J_~_L .. -l_-------t-,··
---.--- ----,-.~-
-r-
1
. -._--.-,---.-
~4 1 ,"-:~'+'-"---J"-'- 1-·-j 'T-t<-,-++---! .~ . ,r-.- -~-'~---I-'- .- 'j ; +--;,"·j.. ~--i-;-t--i--· n
-+-~"'T1-!--: ,-!--~
:
" j , ' ; . ' I:!
--r--:-'r'-T-;'- ·-T:··r----!·--r LIt" i
I
-~I'
i I.
2..• ,
I : '
,-----J.--_ 1----1
,~
-'t'-'!_._- -
J-- I:
• -, ;
~ :' i;; I 1;
1-~--"
: I;
--I--.L-t----
1.
1 ... ---------, ... --- .. , ---, ,.1_ .. ..
i ! : ' I ~ i ~ , I Ii: : i '; i· i ., ! i I
,, v, ;
en' I
LI t..:.--l" I I. I ' ,I I , I
' I '
'1'
I'
"I -- r--
,I I
I ,
-f ",
. .
I
'
,
I
! -------
'
- -!---
'i'
,
i':'i---~
I'
~--t-;-~ ---+_..+\- --+----
. I I
, .'
ii : : i :
I I I
\
1°-+-
' W;
..... J L
, i' :,~! I
1 ~: tL_--, - " -1-----;.-++
--....I.
II' ! :
I "
;
' ,'. - ; ~-+-~l·. - ---.L-
l I :' / I
-
t i-_.t+$-+-r*-+-·
i : II ; i : : :-'1' I '
:
I I ;
o
8
I .:{Ij il,--i----; -T: !
. - LJ- : ---t-~:r-T--~-' i
I I ' :. :I
--r"TJ'~'-',
i ~
't-,T' - - ,
['-, -----
----r-
:----+-t-- -t----'-T- -:r"
I:
T --;-; JTTTTt+!
I
i
I 1J j
-+.---1.
l-
'7
CO
~
o•~
6 ~'--
. ~--- _ - I --- --- -- '-~ ---'-i --
) --~---
. .: .
---~·---+---:-+--r:±~l
~-----
t II
i I
---+._-~,
I ;
!
1
~_!
•
j -n
I
- I
r --I
I
- 1'-
I .
I
. ~._---~-l----~---:-
•
±1 .
~ :
I
--~"-+----f --- ~-- -i---~- r +. i
I
i It·
-1-+- ~
I
l 1
...- +--~
I
I.
I i
I I -.
-'--r---+---+--C--:-I
.
~t 4 :-~-:' -~---~:. --.--~---tl-~~·- 3--,1 ---, ~. ---j-- --". -+ -"--!~·;-·it-·
-,: - -1! : . -:-r--it-------;-LT'-:-;----r
~s~f
~~ 5 3 ~-:-
J '~:,:,,"i-----~---:-
i-r:- I ,,-+ - -~ -~-. I-~
'j'
·•.•. 1 r-- .. -·-r '- r - -t·,
~~--;-'--
~-
~ ".--.c+~-: · 0~1r:~'
X I, .
':!.t',
'. - -
_
~+
,
,I,:'
\. ,'.
.,. --
~ ,- . --,:,
.1
I
I'.:':~
,:.--
1, I ,
I
!.
I
I
Vii.'
-i-
I I,
I : -
I,' ---
'WI Sf ~ • , I i i I
i
! i _ .,' j'::, ' ..~t81l1 t4>~~O! J1 : 1 .
'.
P
--~---.----"- I 1,'1', -l.,-----
., I iii. ! I J
1-1-
r-++
!I-- I
,1_
,I;
1.') ./~--l -J--~'~->-~-.: f"· '--;-~-i 'rT'1-'~-~-----r::----l~---:"-~r-~i-~t---t:'"-:-r--- I--+-
' :~.
~~~ .-
:. ~ ... ,
:..
!
.\
,
iii'
I·' 'r' I
-I
I
/ i 'I
'. I 'II ,:,
i , I '"
i .:!
l I "" i .I I 'I" " Ii 1
1-- ~ .. ..-, .1 I" ,.: i ,_ ·1 - I I· .-! I! ,- ............-.
I .5 2. i ~ P ~ ,, 1 ~ 2 2, J ' 4 --'------'1l'-'--9'--"0
hu~dreds thousands
G.P.M.
Pig.' Pressure Head Lo88 as a lUnction or Flow - Test No. 8-10
VI. APPENDIX B
I"
c...;' 1 • L~L:. o 1,.44 525
41 ),15 o . 3,15 ,720
42 6,38 o 6.38 ·950
·43 12,84 o 12.84 .1.240
·44 18.,38 0.33 18.71 U80
45 . . 27.4.6 2,78 . 30,24 .1580
Sample Calculation
-17
SAMPLE .CALCUlATIONS
Equation of flow
Q ,CD 2/3 2g (L - 0.2 H) H3 / 2
where Q = discharge (cfs)
L = length of crest (ft)
H = head on .weir crest (ft)
CD = coefficient of discharge -
varies between 0.615 and 0.660 depending on head.
t
61
0
oj
- 0-
b"d'\~
OuHe1
No~~\e