Westbridge Institute of Technology, Inc.

Banlic Campus

PE- FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY

FIRST SEMESTER
S.Y 2021-2022

NAME: Anne Niccole C. Micosa INSTRUCTOR: Sir Dennis A. De Guzman

COURSE&YEAR LEVEL: II Year, BS Criminology

TOPIC #7: EMERGENCY FIRST AID

Why should first aid be administered to injured person or casualties?

First aid is the help given to someone who is injured or ill to keep them safe and to cause
no further harm.

FIRST AID FOR CUTS AND GRAZES

Cuts and grazes are common injuries that can usually be treated at home. Learn what to
do.

What is a cut?
A cut is when the skin is fully broken.
What is a graze?
A graze is when only the top layers of skin are scraped off.

What to do?

Step1: Clean the wound by rinsing it under running water or using sterile wipes.

Step2: Pat the wound dry using a gauze swab and cover it with sterile gauze. If you don’t
have these, use a clean, non-fluffy cloth, like a tea towel.

Step3: For a cut, raise and support the injured part above the level of the heart. Avoid
touching the wound.

Step4: Clean around the wound with soap and water. Make sure you are wiping away from
the wound, using a clean swab for each stroke. Pat dry. Remove the cloth or gauze covering
the wound and apply a sterile dressing or a large plaster.

STEP5: Seek medical help if:

. a wound won’t stop bleeding

. a foreign object is embedded in the wound – like a splinter of wood or glass

. the wound is from a human or animal bite

. you think the wound might be infected

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. you are unsure whether the casualty has been immunized against tetanus.

FISRT AID FOR BRUISES

Apply cold compress to the injured area as soon as possible

Elevate the affected area above the heart if possible

Head Bumps

Bumping your head against a hard surface often causes a swelling. The temptation might
be to rub the bump, however research suggests that rubbing the lump actually makes it worse.
A hematoma - bump or bruise on the forehead - forms as a result of the pooling of blood
beneath the skin. Rubbing or massaging the bump encourages more blood flow to the area
which creates more bleeding and more swelling.

1. Rest the injured area and avoid unnecessary movement

2. Apply ice packs or ice wrapped in a towel over the area for at least 20 minutes from
the injury
3. After 48 hours apply a heat compress using a hot towel to help reduce the swelling
and bruising

Remember:
Was there a hard impact or great forces involved? Did the person lose consciousness? If
yes, how long was it? Even if it was just for a split second, take note of the time. If there is
any loss of consciousness, bring the person to the hospital for a thorough assessment. Ask
also if the casualty feels pain in the neck or back. Note of symptoms of head injuries such as
confusion, nausea, vomitting, sleepiness, blurred vision or giddiness. If the casualty
experiences fits, lie him or her down, cushion the head and clear the surrounding around him
or her. Call an ambulance. Take note of any changes in the casualty's condition along the
way. Treat any external injuries e.g., apply ice packs onto a bump or clean and dress up any
cuts.

A bruise is a common skin injury that results from the breakage of tiny blood vessels leaking
under the skin. Blood from damaged blood vessels beneath the skin collects near the surface
of the skin to appear as what we recognize as a black and blue mark. This mark is from skin
discoloration by red blood cells and their contents. A bruise is also known as a contusion.
Non-life threatening wounds - lacerations, scratches, abrasions, gashes, punctures and
bumps.

FIRST AID FOR BURNS AND SCALDS

 Cool the burn as quickly as possible with cool running water for at least 20 minutes,
or until the pain is relieved.
 Call 999 or seek medical help, if needed.
 While cooling the burn, carefully remove any clothing or jewellery, unless it's
attached to the skin.
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 If you're cooling a large burnt area, particularly in babies, children and elderly people,
be aware that it may cause hypothermia (it may be necessary to stop cooling the burn
to avoid hypothermia).
 Cover the burn loosely with cling film. If cling film isn't available, use a clean, dry
dressing or non-fluffy material. Do not wrap the burn tightly as swelling may lead to
further injury.
 Do not apply creams, lotions or sprays to the burn.
For chemical burns, wear protective gloves, remove any affected clothing, and rinse
the burn with cool running water for at least 20 minutes to remove the chemical.

If possible, determine the cause of the injury.

In certain situations where a chemical is regularly handled, a specific chemical antidote

may be available to use.

Be careful not to contaminate and injure yourself with the chemical, and wear protective
clothing if necessary.

FIRST AID FOR SPLINTERS

Splinters from wood, glass, or metal can enter the skin and can carry a risk of infection.
Learn what to do.

What to do?

STEP1: Clean the area around the splinter carefully with warm water and soap.

STEP2: Grasp the splinter with the tweezers as close to the skin as possible, and draw it out
in a straight line keeping it at the same angle as it goes into the skin.

STEP3: Squeeze the wound carefully to encourage slight bleeding as this will help to remove
any dirt.

STEP 4: Clean and dry the wound and cover with a dressing.