FIRST AID

 First aid refers to the emergency or immediate care that you should
provide, when a person got injured until the full medical treatment is
available.
 What should we do first ? Begin by introducing yourself to the person
who injured. Explain that you are a first aid provider and you are willing
to help. The person must give you their permission to help them; don't
touch them until they give you a permission. If you find a confused
person or someone who is critically injured or ill, you can assume that
they would want you to help them. This is known as “implied consent.”
 If you in this kind of situation when you meet person who need first aid,
wich are bruises, burns, cuts ,scrapes, and sprains. We will explain to you
the do’s and don’ts for giving first aid who have injuries.
 It's important to have a well-stocked first aid kit in your home so you can
deal with minor accidents and injuries.
 Your first aid kit should be locked and kept in a cool, dry place out of the
reach of children.
 Many people also keep a small first aid kit in their car for emergencies.
 Consider purchasing a commercially available first aid kit or making your
own. Having a kit in your home, your car, and Find out the location of
first aid kits where you work.
 First aid kits come in many shapes and sizes. You can purchase one from
the Red Cross Store. Your local drug store may sell them. You can also
make your own. Some kits are designed for specific activities, such as
hiking, camping or boating.
 The first aid kits are (lihat poster)
 Whether you buy a first aid kit or put one together, make sure it has all
the items you may need:
 Include any personal items such as medications and emergency phone
numbers or other items your health-care provider may suggest.
 Check the kit regularly.
 Check expiration dates and replace any used or out-of-date contents.
 The Red Cross recommends that all first aid kits for a family of four
include the following:
 2 absorbent compress dressings/kasa (5 x 9 inches)
 25 adhesive bandages/plaster (assorted sizes)
 1 adhesive cloth tape/hypafix (10 yards x 1 inch)
 5 antibiotic ointment packets (approximately 1 gram)
 5 antiseptic wipe packets
 2 packets of aspirin (81 mg each)
 1 emergency blanket
 1 breathing barrier (with one-way valve)
 1 instant cold compress, also found within our First Aid Kit
 2 pair of nonlatex gloves (size: large)
 2 hydrocortisone ointment packets (approximately 1 gram each)
 1 roller bandage (4 inches wide)
 5 sterile gauze pads (4 x 4 inches)
 Oral thermometer (non-mercury/nonglass), also within the Deluxe All
Purpose First Aid Kit
 2 triangular bandages
 Tweezers
 Emergency First Aid instructions
 You can treat a bruise with a few simple techniques :
(bruise is a common skin injury that results in a discoloration of the skin.)
1. Rest the bruised area, if possible.
2. Ice the bruise with an ice pack wrapped in a towel. Leave it in
place for 10 to 20 minutes. Repeat several times a day for a day or
two as needed.
3. Compress the bruised area if it is swelling, using an elastic
bandage. Don't make it too tight.
4. Elevate the injured area.

5.

 Treating major burns and minor burns

(burns are characterized by severe skin damage that causes the affected
skin cells to die. )
Treating major burns
1. Protect the burned person from further harm.
2. Make certain that the person burned is breathing.
3. Remove jewelry, belts and other restrictive items, especially from
around burned areas and the neck.
4. Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, moist bandage or a clean
cloth.
5. Don't immerse large severe burns in water.
6. Elevate the burned area. Raise the wound above heart level, if
possible.
 7. Watch for signs of shock.

Treating Minor burns (may be easily recognized in people with light skin color
by characteristic blue or purple appearance (idiomatically described as "black
and blue"))

1. Cool the burn.

2. Remove rings or other tight items from the burned area.
3. Don't break blisters. Fluid-filled blisters protect against infection.
4. Bandage the burn. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage
(not fluffy cotton). Wrap it loosely to avoid putting pressure on
burned skin.
5. If needed, take an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), naproxen sodium (Aleve) or
acetaminophen (Tylenol, others)
 Cuts and scrapes
(Cuts and scrapes happen when your skin is accidentally broken or worn
away. This can be the result of a fall, banging against a hard object, or
being cut by something sharp.)
1. Wash your hands. This helps avoid infection.
2. Stop the bleeding.
3. Clean the wound.
4. Apply an antibiotic or petroleum jelly.
5. Cover the wound. Apply a bandage, rolled gauze or gauze held in
place with paper tape.
6. Change the dressing. Do this at least once a day or whenever the
bandage becomes wet or dirty.
7. Get a tetanus shot.
 8. Watch for signs of infection.
 Sprain
(A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments)
Follow the instructions for R.I.C.E. :
1. Rest the injured limb. Your doctor may recommend not putting any
weight on the injured area for 48 to 72 hours, so you may need to
use crutches.
2. Ice the area. Use a cold pack, a slush bath or a compression sleeve
filled with cold water to help limit swelling after an injury.
3. Compress the area with an elastic wrap or bandage. Compressive
wraps or sleeves made from elastic or neoprene are best.
4. Elevate the injured limb above your heart whenever possible to help
prevent or limit swelling.

Pertanyaan

1. How long we have to Ice the sprain area ?

Try to ice the area as soon as possible after the injury and continue to ice
it for 15 to 20 minutes, four to eight times a day, for the first 48 hours or
until swelling improves.
2. What we have to do to protect the burned person from further harm ?
Make sure the person you're helping is not in contact with the source of
the burn. For electrical burns, make sure the power source is off before
you approach the burned person