Class-7 History

Lesson-9 The making of regional cultures.

Link of the lesson-
https://youtu.be/rGUWkBiYE7o
Q1. Fill in the blanks-
1.A fourteenth century text that deals with grammar and poetics- Lilatilakam.
2. King Anantavarman erected a temple for Purushotatama Jagannath at- Puri.
3. The Kathakas were originally a caste of – Story tellers.
4. Who were the major patrons of Kathak- The Mughals.
5. The earliest miniature paintings were done on –Palm leaves and wood.
6. What are viharas?- Buddhists monasteries.
7.The most popular text to be painted in Basholi painting – Bhanudatta’s
Rasamanjari.
8. What is Mangalakavya ?- Early Benagli Literature.
Q2.Question answers-
Q1. What is Manipravalam? Name a book written in that language?
Ans) Manipravalam literary means Diamonds and Corals and refers to two
language Sanskrit and the regional language.
A book written in this language in Lilatilakam.
Q2.What is meant by miniature paintings?
Ans)i)Miniatures as the name suggests ,are small sized paintings, generally
done in water colour on cloth or paper.
ii) The earliest miniatures were done on palm leaves and wood.
Q3.What do you mean by Pir?
Ans)Pir is a Persian word meaning a spiritual guide.
Q4.Why did the conquerors try to control the Jagannatha at puri?
Ans)i)The temple of Jagannnatha temple gained importance as a centre of
pilgrimage and its authority in social and political matters also increased.
ii) All those who conquered Orissa, such as the Mughals, the Marathas and the
English east India Company, attempted to gain control over the temple.
iii) They felt that this would make their rule acceptable to the local people.
Q5.What was the role of Cheras in the development of Malayalam?
Ans)i)The Chera kingdom of Mahodayapuram was established in the ninth
century in the South Western part of the peninsula ,part of present Kerala.
ii)It is likely that Malayalam was spoken in this area.
iii) The rulers introduced Malayalam language and script in their inscriptions.
Q6.Why did minstrels proclaim the achievements of heroes?
Ans)i)Stories of Rajput heroes were recorded in poems and songs ,which were
recited by specially trained minstrels.
ii) They preserved the memories of heroes and were expected to inspire others
to follow their examples.
iii) Ordinary people were also attracted by these stories which often depicted
dramatic situations and a range of strong emotions- loyalty, friendship, love,
valour, anger etc.
Q7.Write a short note on Kathak.
Ans)i)The term ‘Kathak’is derived from the Sanskrit word –Katha ,meaning
story.
ii)The Kathaks wre originally a caste of story tellers in temples of North India
,who embellished their performance with gestures and songs.
iii)It became a distinct dance form in the fifteenth and sixteenth century with
the spread of Bhakti movement.
iv) The legends of Radha –Krsihna were enacted in folk plays called Ras Lila.
v) The Mughals were the major patrons of Kathak.
Q8.How did the regional culture evolve?
Ans)i)Regional cultures today are the often the product of complex processes
of intermixing of local traditions with ideas from other parts of the sub-
continent.
ii) Some traditions appear specific to some region, others seem to be similar
across regions.
iii) Some derive from older practises in a particular area but take a new form in
another region.
Q9.Why were temples built in Bengal?
Ans) i) Bengal witnessed a temple building spree from the late fifteenth
century which culminated in the nineteenth century.
ii) Temples were often built by individuals or groups who were becoming
powerful.
iii) Many of the modest brick and terracotta temples were built with the support
of several low social groups such as the Kolu (oil pressers)and the Kansari
(bell metal workers).
iv) The coming of the European trading companies created new opportunities
and many families started building temples.
Q10.What are the important architectural features of temples in Bengal?
Ans)i)The temples in Bengal began to copy the double roofed(Dochala) and
the four roofed (Chauchala )structure of the thatched huts.
ii) In a more complex four roofed structure, four triangular roofs placed on the
four walls move up to converge on a curved line or a point.
iii) Temples were generally built on a square platform.
iv) The outer walls of many temples were decorated with terracotta
tablets,paintings or ornamental tiles.
Q11.Why were temples built in Bengal?
Ans) i) Bengal witnessed a temple building spree from the late fifteenth
century which culminated in the nineteenth century.
ii) Temples were often built by the individuals or groups who were becoming
powerful.
iii) Many of the modest brick and terracotta temples in Bengal were built with
the support of low social groups people like the kolu (oil pressers) or the
kansaris (bell metal workers).
iv) The coming of European trading companies created new economic
opportunities and many families started building temples.
Q12.Write a brief note on the Bengali literature.
Ans) i)The early Bengali literature may be divided into two categories –one
included Sanskrit and the other was independent of it.
ii)The first includes translations of Sanskrit epics ,the MangalaKavyas and the
Bhakti literatures such as the biographies of Chaitanyadeva,the leader of
Vaishnav Bhakti movement.
iii)The second includes the Nath literature such as the songs of Mayanmati
and Gopichandra ,fairy tales, folk tales and ballads.

Activity- Make a collage of classical dance forms of India .Stick pictures and
write the name of the state they belong to .