Integumentary System and

Cardiovascular System

L3
Dr. Thana Al-Khishali
 Learning Objectives
• Identify the anatomy of the integumentary system
• Describe the main functions of the integumentary system
• Explore the location and differences between the thick skin and
thin skin
• Name the skin appendages; the hair, nails, sweat glands and
sebaceous glands
• Learning the anatomy of blood vessels
• Be able to differentiate between arteries, capillaries and veins
• Know the typical circulatory routes the portal system and the
anastomosis
• Learn the lymphatic system; lymphatic organs and lymphatic
vessels
Integumentary System
Made of
• Skin
• Hair
• Nails
• Sweat glands
• Sebaceous glands
Functions
Integumentary system:
1. Protects

2. Regulates body temperature

3. Synthesize Vit. D
Site of vitamin D synthesis in the skin

4. Stores fat
Functions “continued”
5. Sensations of:
o Touch
o Temperature
o Pressure
o Pain
 Thick skin
Epidermis
a. Thick stratum a
corneum of the b
epidermis
b. Layers of
epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis
Thin skin versus (vs) thick skin

Thick skin
 Thin skin
Thin stratum corneum

Layers of epidermis

Dermis
Thickness of the Skin
The skin
The skin is anatomically organized as follows, from superficial to
deeper layers:
• Epidermis
• Stratum basale
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum lucidum
• Stratum corneum

• Dermis
• Papillary dermis
• Reticular dermis
A scanning electron micrograph SEM of the human skin
Thick skin
Melanocytes
Papillary Layer of Dermis

Papillary layer
Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of healthy human skin.
Skin

• Epidermis

• Dermis

• Hypodermis or
subcutaneous
layer (fat)
 Hair follicle
Hair Follicle
 Sweat Gland
Sweat Gland

Pore of
sweat Gland
Sweat pore, coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM). A
sweat gland pore (red) opening onto the surface of human
skin
Sweat Gland
 Human hair follicle

Longitudinal sections through the skin showing hair follicle (hf), sebaceous gland (seb), and
sweat gland (sweat)
 Low magnification High magnification

Longitudinal sections through the skin showing the epidermis,

dermis, hair follicle, hair shaft, arrector pili muscle, sebaceous
gland. H&E stain
 Arrector pili m
Arrector Pili Muscle

Arrector Pilli
Scanning electron micrograph human hair
Coloured Scanning Electron Micro- graph (SEM) of a hair on the surface of human skin. At
centre is a shaft of hair (dark grey) which has emerged from a follicle in the skin. Epidermal
cells of the skin (brown) form concentric layers around the hair, with some dead cells of the
epidermis peeling off. Hair is made up of a fibrous protein called keratin. The hair shaft is
covered with overlapping keratin scales or plates (as seen) which, it is thought, prevent
hairs from matting together.
Epidermal ridges and dermal papillae
Fingerprints
Cardiovascular System
Hepatic Portal System
Hypothalamic Hypophyseal Portal System
Anastomosis
• Anastomoses occur normally in the body in the
circulatory system, serving as backup routes for
blood flow if one link is blocked or otherwise
compromised.
• Anastomoses between arteries and between
veins result in a multitude of arteries and veins,
respectively, serving the same volume of tissue.
Anastomosis
• Anastomosis: Is a communication between two
vessels by collateral channels
• Actual anastomosis: Is a communication
between arteries of nearly equal size; e.g. labial
branches of facial artery, gastric arteries, circle of
Willis, etc.
• Potential anastomosis: Is a communication
between terminal arterioles; e.g. coronary
arteries, limb arteries in the region of joints, etc.
 Anastomosis “continued”
End anastomosis: No anastomosis between arteries ;
these arteries are called End-Arteries, e.g. spleen,
central artery of the retina, etc.

End Arteries versus Anastomosis

Examples of Anastomosis
• The circle of Willis in
the brain.
If one of the arteries
supplying the circle is
blocked or narrowed,
blood flow from the
other blood vessels
can often preserve the
cerebral perfusion well
enough to maintain
function.
Circle of Willis
Types of blood vessels and their methods of union. A, Anastomosis between
the branches of the superior mesenteric artery. B, A capillary network and an
arteriovenous anastomosis. C, Anatomic end artery and functional end artery.
D, Portal system. E, Structure of the bicuspid valve in a vein
Lymphatic System
• Thymus
• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• Lymphatic nodules
 Lymph node with afferent and efferent lymph vessels

(Efferent lymph
vessel)

(Afferent lymph vessel)

Thank You