REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1.1  A Multi-platform Approach to Monitoring Negative Dominance

for COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Information Online.

Paola Pascual-Ferrá, Neil Alperstein, and Daniel J Barnett (2021)

hypothesized that it would reflect peaks in vaccine-related adverse events,
that negative content would receive more social media engagement than
other vaccine-related posts, and that posts referencing adverse events
related to COVID-19 vaccination would have a higher average toxicity score.
They matched the dates of major adverse occurrences connected to COVID-
19 to data obtained using Google Trends for search behavior, CrowdTangle
for social media data, and Media Cloud for media reports. Communalytic was
also utilized to examine the toxicity of social media posts by platform and
subject. While their first prediction was partially validated, with unfavorable
events driving peaks in search activity for picture and YouTube videos, we
found no evidence of negative dominance in other types of searches or
attention patterns by news media or on social media. They couldn't discover
any evidence in our data to support the negative dominance of COVID-19
vaccination-related adverse occurrences on social media.
1.2 Social media and vaccine hesitancy: new updates for the era of
COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases.

Neha Puri, Eric A. Coomes, Hourmazd Haghbayan, and Keith

Gunaratne (2020) made mentioned that Despite tremendous advancements
in immunization over the last century, the World Health Organization has
identified vaccine hesitancy as a serious danger to world health due to the
recurrence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Health information received
from a number of sources, including new media such as the Internet and
social media platforms, may increase vaccine reluctance. As technology has
advanced, social media has been more widely used across the world. Unlike
conventional media, social media allows anyone to quickly produce and
distribute information throughout the world without the need for editorial
control. Users may choose which material streams they want to see, which
contributes to ideological isolation. As a result, anti-vaccination advertising
on such platforms raises significant public health issues, including the
potential for downstream vaccine hesitancy, including a loss of public trust in
future vaccine development for new viruses like SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19
prevention. They examined the present role of social media platforms in
spreading vaccine hesitancy in this review, as well as the future stages in
using social media to promote health literacy and foster public faith in
immunization.
1.3 The COVID-19 social media infodemic

It was found out by Matteo Cinelli, Walter Quattrociocchi, Alessandro

Galeazzi, Carlo Michele Valensise, Emanuele Brugnoli, Ana Lucia Schmidt,
Paola Zola, Fabiana Zollo, Antonio Scala (202) that the evaluated
engagement and interest in the COVID-19 issue, and provided a
differentiated evaluation on the progression of the conversation on a
worldwide scale for each platform and its users We used epidemic models to
suit information propagating to each social media site, with the fundamental
reproduction number. Furthermore, they discovered information flowing
from shady sources, with varying levels of disinformation on each site.
However, there are no differences in the spreading patterns of information
from both reputable and suspect sources. Finally, they calculated the
amplification of rumors based on platform.