CONTENTS

Slno Aim of the experiment

1. Describe about different types of network topologies and their uses in details.
2. Create an instant messaging account and describe the use of instant messaging
software with example.
3. Create a blog account and describe its uses.
4. Perform an online transaction and discuss its benefits in details.
5. Encrypt your hard disk with Bit locker drive encryption and discuss about best
practices for computer security
6. Write a paragraph in MS word and modify its layout using various alignment and
indentation options available in MS word.
7. Type any paragraph in MS word and insert the document title and school logo in the
header and insert the date and page number in footer.
8. Create a certificate for any competition held in school using any template available in
MS word.
9. Create a brochure of any tourist place near you in MS word by inserting different
shapes, symbols and special characters.
10. Create a list of names of the month and holidays in that month. Add and calculate
the
total number of holidays in a year using the auto sum function.
11 Perform conditional formatting on a data subset. Create a student mark list of at least 10
students and five subjects. Highlight the marks of the students who got marks greater than
80 with green colour text with blue fill. Save the worksheet as Marks_{your name}.
12 Freeze/unfreeze rows/columns Create the worksheet given below, keeping your cursor on
B2, try all the options of freezing cells and observe the effect. Take specific note of column
and row movements. Save the worksheet as expenses_{your name}.
 PRACTICAL-1
Aim of the practical:-
Describe about different types of network topologies and their uses
in details.

Network Topology:-
The arrangement of connected nodes in a communicating network is
called network topology.
• It refers to the way in which a network is laid out physically.
• It is the geometric representation of the relationship of all
nodes to one another.

Types: There are mainly four types of topologies as given below

i.Bus topology
ii.Ring topology
iii.Star topology
iv.Mesh topology
Bus Topology:-
In this topology one long cable acts as a backbone to link all
computers in a network.

Ring Topology:-
In this topology each computer is connected with the two computers
on either side of it.
Star Topology:-
In this topology each computer is connected to a centrally located
device called hub.

Mesh Topology:-
In this topology each computer is connected to every other
computer to provide an alternate path for transferring data.
 PRACTICAL-2
Aim of the practical:-
Create an instant messaging account and describe the use of instant
messaging software with example.

Instant Messaging:-
It is a form of communication over the internet that offers an
instantaneous transmission of text-based messages from sender to
receiver.
• Google duo, skype, messenger, whatsapp messenger, windows
live messenger are some examples of instant messaging
software.
Creating an Instant messaging account (Skype)
• First we need to go to the Skype website www.skype.com and choose
the desktop option from the options given like desktop, mobile, tablet,
xbox, wearables and click on the button given below.
• Then the software will be downloaded for desktop.
• Enter all the required information like email address, preferred Skype
name and password, country and language. Information such as date
of birth, gender and city are optional.
• Click o the “I agree—Continue” button. This will open to your new
account page.

Features of instant messaging software

• It helps us in sending text messages to more than one person at
same time.
• It provides audio and video calling facility.
• It provides audio and video conferencing facility.
• It keeps messages history for future references.
• It helps in transferring files from one account to another account.
 PRACTICAL-3
Aim of the practical:-
Create an online blog account and describe its uses.

Online blog:-
➢ A weblog or blog, is a listing of text, images, or other objects that are
arranged in a chronological order that first started appearing in 1998.
➢ Blogs are often maintained and run by a single individual, updated daily,
or contain personal remarks about a topic, a personal ramble, or an
update on the person's life.
➢ In many ways, many weblogs are like a personal journal or a look into
another individual's life and can be a way to learn about people, events,
places, and more from people around the world.
Creating an online blog account (Word press)

➢ First we need to open a web browser on our computer.

➢ Type the web address www.wordpress.com in the address bar
and click the sign up button.
➢ A new page with different fields like blog address, username,
password, etc opens up on our screen. We need to fill up those
details.
➢ After providing those details click the create blog button.
➢ We will receive an activation link in our email id we need to
open it and activate our blog account.
➢ Now our blog is ready for use.

Features of wordpress.com

Some of the key features of wordpress.com are as follows:-

 I. SIMPLICITY OF DESIGN
II. FLEXIBILITY OF TYPE OF ACCOUNTS
III. PUBLISHING WITH EASE
IV. USER MANAGEMENT
V. MEDIA MANAGEMENT
VI. FULL STANDARD COMPLIANCE
VII. EASY THEME SYSTEM
 PRACTICAL- 4
Aim of the practical:-
Perform an online transaction and discuss its benefits in details.

Online Transaction:-
➢ An online transaction, also known as a PIN-debit transaction, is
a password-protected payment method that authorizes a transfer
of funds over an electronic funds transfer (EFT).
➢ Online transaction via an EFT system requires a personal
identification number (PIN) to complete the process.
➢ In online transaction, the exchange of funds is completed using an
EFT network, such as Star, Pulse or Interlink, depending on which
EFT system your bank is associated with as a member bank.
➢ The cost of the transaction typically amounts to an interchange fee
of 1% of the total purchase price, which is charged to the
vendor/merchant.
Steps for booking Railway Ticket on IRCTC website from a
browser enabled mobile phone:

➢ Login to URL https://www.irctc.co.in/mobile with your existing

IRCTC user id and password.
➢ Click on Book Ticket and fill in details for plan my travel.
➢ Select the train and continue the booking.
➢ Use existing passenger list or add passengers.
➢ Confirm booking details and pay through Credit/debit card to get
successful
Benefits of using online banking transactions

➢ Anytime banking and anywhere banking

➢ Reduction in cost of transaction
➢ Easy to make utility payment
➢ Online purchase
➢ Service is available 24x7
 PRACTICAL- 5
Aim of the practical:-
Encrypt your hard disk with Bit locker drive encryption and discuss
about best practices for computer security
Bit locker drive encryption:-
➢ Bit Locker is a full disk encryption feature included with Microsoft
Windows versions starting with Windows Vista.
➢ It is designed to protect data by providing encryption for
entire volumes.
➢ When we enable Bit Locker, we create a personal identification
number (PIN) that will be required to enter each time you start
up your computer.
➢ While enabling BitLocker, a recovery key is generated.
➢ The recovery key is used to gain access to your computer should
you forget our password.
Steps for Enabling BitLocker drive encryption:

1. Click Start , click Control Panel, click System and

Security and then click BitLocker Drive Encryption.
2. Click Turn on BitLocker.
3. Choose how you want to unlock your drive during startup: Insert
a USB flash drive or Enter a password. For the purpose of the
guide, select Enter a password to continue.
4. We need to Enter a password that will be used every time we boot
Windows 10 to unlock the drive, and click Next to continue.
5. We will be given the choices to save a recovery key to regain
access to your files in case you forget your password.
6. Click Next to continue.
7. We need to Select the encryption option that best suits our
scenario:
➢ Encrypt used disk space only (faster and best for new PCs and
drives)
➢ Encrypt entire drive (slower but best for PCs and drives already in
use)
8. Click Next to continue.
9. Make sure to check the Run BitLocker system check option,
and click Continue.
10. Finally we need to restart our computer to begin the encryption
process.
11. On reboot, BitLocker will prompt us to enter our encryption
password to unlock the drive.
12. Type the password and press Enter.

Best practices for internet security

➢ Use secured password and update it regularly.

➢ Be suspicious for external downloads and emails
➢ Keep an eye on news and security incidents.
➢ Backup your important data to any external drive.
➢ Install, register, renew your antivirus, anti-spyware and firewall
package for every computer.
 PRACTICAL- 6
Aim of the practical:-
Write a paragraph in MS word and modify its layout using various
alignment and indentation options available in MS word.
Alignment in MS word:-
➢ Text alignment is a word processing software feature that
allows users to horizontally align text on a page/document.
➢ It enables the composition of a text document using different
text positioning on the whole or selected part of a page.
➢ Text alignment primarily places the cursor or aligns the text
with the different margins of the document. There are four
different types of text alignment features, including:
a) Right alignment (ctrl +r): This starts each new line of the
document on the right-most margin of the page.
b) Left alignment (ctrl +l): As the default alignment in most
word processing software, it starts each line on the left-
most margin.
c) Center alignment (ctrl +e): This positions and starts each
new line/text block in the center/middle margin on the
page.
d) Justified alignment (ctrl +j): This aligns text with right and
left margins and tries to fill as much empty space as
possible. It enables a straight margin on both of the
page's horizontal edges.

Indentation in MS word:-

➢ The word indent is used to describe the distance, or number of

blank spaces used to separate a paragraph from the left or right
margins.
Indenting paragraph:-
➢ Ms word can indent a paragraph to the left side, right side, both
sides or may be just the first line.It can even outdent the first
line.
Indenting the first line of a paragraph:-
➢ Indenting the first line of the paragraph helps to visually
separate paragraphs from one another.
➢ This can be done by choosing the first line option in the
paragraph dialogbox.
Making a hanging indent (An Outdent):-
➢ Indenting every line of the paragraph except the first line is
known as Hanging Indent.
➢ In this the first line of the paragraph sticks to the left and the
rest of the paragraph is indented.
 PRACTICAL- 7
Aim of the practical:-
Type any paragraph in MS word and insert the document title and
school logo in the header and insert the date and page number in
footer.
Header :-
➢ Headers are text or images included at the top of the page.
➢ They usually contain important information such as company or
department name, logo, page numbers, name of the author,
etc. separated from the work or actual document area.

Footer :-
➢ Footers are text or image included at the bottom of the page
and may repeat in all pages of the document.
➢ The procedure for creating a footer is similar to that of headers.

STEPS TO INSERT HEADER AND FOOTER

➢ Click on the Insert tab on the Ribbon.

➢ Click on the option Header/Footer in the Header & Footer
group, as shown below.
➢ A drop down list appears which lists collection of predefined
header/footer options.
➢ Now try inserting document title, school logo in the header and
date and time, page numbers in the footer area of the
document and finally observe the changes.
 PRACTICAL- 8
Aim of the practical:-
Type any paragraph in MS word and insert the document
title and school logo in the header and insert the date and
page number in footer.
Document Template:-
➢ Templates or document templates refer to a sample fill-in-
the-blank document that can help in saving time.
➢ Usually templates are customized documents that may
have sample content, themes etc.
➢ For example, if we want to create a certificate we can use
a certificate template and modify only the sections that
require changes.
Steps to create a certificate using document template

➢ In Home menu Go to File choose the New option.

➢ Different types of predesigned templates will be displayed
there.
➢ For example, if we would like to create a letter, you can select
the Letters option under Office.com Templates section.
➢ Suppose we need to create certificates for a recently held
competition, then we can select the Certificates option.
➢ We will be displayed with a list of Certificate templates. Now we
can select any of the templates by double-clicking on it.
➢ A sample certificate window similar to the one we needed
appears.
➢ Now we can use this template and customize the contents by
replacing the school name, student name, etc.
➢ We can also download other types of templates from websites.
Some of the websites that offer free templates are:
• office.microsoft.com/templates
• www.thepapermillstore.com
• openoffice.blogs.com/openoffice/templates/
• www.docstoc.com
 PRACTICAL- 9
Aim of the practical:-
Create a brochure of any tourist place near you in MS word by
inserting different shapes, symbols and special characters.
Inserting objects:-
We can insert objects that have different shapes such as lines, basic
geometric shapes, arrows, equation shapes, flowchart shapes, stars,
banners, and callouts using the shape option.
Steps to insert shapes:-
1. Click on the Insert tab on the Ribbon.
2. Click on the option Shapes in the Illustrations group.
3. A dropdown list with pre-defined shape such as box, circle, etc.
appears.
4. We can select the shape from the list of shapes available and
draw the shape by dragging the mouse with the left button clicked.
Steps to insert symbols or special characters:-
1. Click on the Insert tab on the Ribbon.
2. Click on the option Symbol in the Symbols group.
3. Select a symbol from the dropdown list and double-click on to
insert the symbol into the document
4. For more symbols and special characters we can click on the more
symbols option in the symbols dropdown list.
List of tourist places near Bhubaneswar
I. KHANDAGIRI UDAY GIRI JAIN CAVES
II. DHAULIGIRI SHANTI STUPA
III. DERAS DAM
IV. RAJARANI TEMPLE
V. LINGARAJ TEMPLE
VI. JAGANNATH TEMPLE PURI
VII. SUN TEMPLE KONARK
VIII. CHILIKA LAKE
 PRACTICAL- 10
Aim of the practical:-
Create a list of names of the month and holidays in that month. Add
and calculate the total number of holidays in a year using the auto
sum function.
Auto sum in MS Excel:-
Auto sum is used for adding the values given in cells automatically
without writing the formula to perform the operation.
Steps to use Auto sum in MS Excel:-
I. Select all the cells in rows or columns which we want to add.
II. Go to the auto sum option in the editing group of the home tab in
MS Excel.
III. As soon as we click auto sum we will see the sum of the all
numbers in the selection.
Procedure followed:-
I. Create two columns one for the months and another for the
holidays in the corresponding month.
II. Use auto fill option to write the name of the month.
III. Write the total holidays after calculating from school diary.
IV. At last use autosum to find the total number of holidays.

Name : Rajat kiran Mahapatro

Name of the month holidays
january 5
february 7
march 4
april 15
may 8
june 6
july 4
august 3
september 2
october 5
november 6
december 7
Total Holidays 72
 PRACTICAL- 11
Aim of the practical:-
Perform conditional formatting on a data subset. Create a
student mark list of at least 10 students and five subjects.
Highlight the marks of the students who got marks greater
than 80 with green colour text with blue fill. Save the
worksheet as Marks_{your name}.
Conditional formatting in MS Excel:-
➢ Conditional formatting allows us to change the
formatting (font color, border, shading) of the cells
based on the values in it.
➢ Doing that manually can be a tiresome task if we have
a huge amount of data.
➢ So, we specify a condition for the values in the cell, and
if the condition is satisfied then automatically the
formatting of the cell changes.
➢ This feature would be very useful if we were working on
a profit and loss spreadsheet, or a temperature
variance spreadsheet, or a mark sheet.
➢ we could highlight cells that have values are greater
than a defined rule with one color and those less than
another with a different color.
We can control the following formats:
• Number format
• Font, font style, and font colour (but not font size)
• Fill colour and fill pattern
• Border colour and border style (but not border thickness)
Steps to apply conditional formatting:-
Open a new spreadsheet and enter the required data.
➢ Select all the cells you want to format conditionally.
 ➢ Click on Conditional Formatting option available
under Styles group in the Home tab. A
➢ Dropdown list appears.
➢ Click on Highlight Cells Rules option, a submenu
appears.
➢ Select “Greater Than...” available under the submenu.
A dialog box appears.
➢ Specify the value in the box and select a different font
color under Font tab, Border style and color under
Border tab and fill color under Fill tab.

Name : Rajat kiran Mahapatro

Name of the
Math Science SST English Odia/Hindi
students
Alisha Parween 50 81 50 50 50
Amrita Dash 85 45 44 44 88
Aryan Mohanty 55 55 83 77 66
asutosh nanada 65 65 65 53 66
Biswajit mohanta 77 77 77 77 77
Daniel Behera 85 40 85 81 85
Ekagra Routray 49 51 67 56 67
Md. Fariduz 86 45 86 87 86
Kafill Mohommad 91 91 46 46 88
Kafir Faizuddin 75 75 86 86 44
 PRACTICAL- 12
Aim of the practical:-
Freeze/unfreeze rows/columns Create the worksheet given below,
keeping your cursor on B2, try all the options of freezing cells and
observe the effect. Take specific note of column and row
movements. Save the worksheet as expenses_{your name}.
Freeze panes in MS Excel:-
➢ Freezing rows and columns is another helpful feature in a
spreadsheet.
➢ When you are dealing with a huge amount of data that spans
several rows or columns, we may want the headers to remain
constant (frozen) while you scroll through the data so that you can
see the identifying names of the rows/columns.
Steps to freeze a row or column:-
➢ Open a new spread sheet.
➢ In order to freeze rows or columns click on Freeze Panes
option available under Window group in View tab.
➢ A drop down list appears as shown below. Click on Freeze
Panes.
➢ Doing so will freeze all the rows above and all the
columns to the left of the selected cell.
➢ Scroll your mouse in the spreadsheet the frozen rows and
columns remain constant.