Department of Education

National Capital Region

Schools Division of Paranaque City
Self-Learning Modules
Practical Research 1 Quarter 2 Week 5
Name:________________________________Grade & Section:_____________Score:_______
Teacher:_________________________ ______________Date:__________________________

Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)

o Collects data through observation and interviews

Objectives

o Identify the steps in qualitative data analysis

o Apply open and axial coding on interview transcript

Introduction

In quantitative research you have learned to apply statistics in the analysis

of your data. You use percentage, mean, weighted mean, T-Test, Pearson-r .
ANOVA or Chi 2. In qualitative research, data are analyzed through the process of
coding. To analyze data in a qualitative research, it has to be transcribed first.
Transcription is the process of making a written, printed or typed copy of words
that have been spoken. Codes or keywords are the significant statements made
by the research participants in the course of the interview. From the written text,
codes are identified through the process called open coding. Open codes are
further coded in the process called axial coding. From the axial codes themes are
generated.

Let’s Recall (Review)

Directions: Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if it is FALSE.

1. Code is synonymous to keywords.

2. Only significant statements are coded.
3. Open coding is the last phase in the coding process.
4. Transcript is a spoken version of a material originally presented in another
medium.
5. Open coding is done to make sense of the data.

1
Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

Data analysis in qualitative research is very different from quantitative

research. In quantitative research the result is objective, reliable, accurate and
scientific while in qualitative research, the result is said to be subjective but
trustworthy.
According to Braun and Clarke (2006) there are six steps in conducting a
thematic analysis and these steps are:
1. Familiarize with the data
o To do this you need to read the data several times for you to
identify the emerging themes or significant statements.

2. Generate initial codes

o This is also referred to as open coding. Here you can generate
as many codes as you can from the transcribed data.

3. Search for themes

o After identifying the codes, you can now group the codes into
categories and this process is called axial coding. The result of
the axial coding can be lumped up into themes.

4. Review the themes

o This is to check or find out whether the codes fit into the
theme or to organize the themes into a hierarchy.

5. Define and name the themes

o After reviewing the themes and organizing them into
hierarchy, the researcher may now reveal the essence of the
themes and how they relate with one another.

6. Prepare the report

o This is where the researcher interprets the themes. The
themes over all meaning should relate with the research
questions.

2
Coding Process
Example #1
Interview Question: Why did you choose your current stand?

Interview Transcript Open Coding Axial Coding

Participant #1
I chose STEM because this strand prepare me for my Alignment between
will prepare me for my future future course in strand and course in
course in College which is College College
Mechanical Engineering.

Participant #2 want to be a lawyer

I chose HUMSS because I want to
be a lawyer.

Example #2
Interview Question: How do you describe your experience with the COVID
Pandemic?

Interview Transcript Open Coding Axial Coding

Participant #1
I lost my friend in the pandemic. lost my friend Lost
She is a front liner. She was
contaminated with the virus and
she died.

Participant #2 I lost my job

I am a contractual worker. I lost
my job as a promodizer. The mall
where I worked with needs to
reduce the number of workers
and unfortunately, I was
displaced.

3
Let’s Apply

Directions: Generate an axial code for the following open codes.

1. petal
sepal
ovary
pollen grains

2. flowers
ceremony
bride
ring

3. happy
sad
weary
excited

4. banquet
gifts
birthday greetings
happy

5. drug addiction
neuronal destruction and brain atrophy
mental instability
insanity

Let’s Analyze

Directions: Categorize the following codes as positive, negative or neutral then

write them on the corresponding column.

Codes Positive Negative Neutral

1.loud
2. warm
3. strict
4. calm
5. boring

4
 Let’s Try (Evaluation)

Directions: Assess whether the following statements are true or false. Explain
your answer (2 pts. each).

1. Coding is for numerical data.

2. Prose and non-prose materials are not subjected to qualitative-data analysis.
3. Codes are subjective data therefore, they are not reliable.
4. Qualitative analysis is more time consuming than quantitative analysis.
5. Only quantitative data can be presented in tabular form for analysis.

Let’s Create

Directions: Generate open and axial codes from the given interview transcript.

Question: How was your research experience?

Transcript Open Coding Axial Coding

Participant #1. Doing research is difficult. You
need to spend a lot of time. You need to be Code 1:____ Code 9:____
very patient because you will be doing a lot; Code 2:____
imagine doing Chapters 1-5 for five months. Code 3:____
That’s tough!
Participant #2. If you do research, it’s like
almost all your time is devoted to it, so you Code 4:____
can come up with an excellent study. You Code 5:____ Code 10:____
need to listen very well to the teacher else, Code 6:____
you will be lost or you may fail. It is like finding
your way out of a maze of problems. How to
get out, that’s the problem.
Participant #3. Research to me is interesting
because I learn to figure out the problem Code 7:____ Code 11:____
however, it is not easy. You have to go Code 8:____
through a rigorous process. Deciding on a
research topic alone is already a big problem.