L1 CHE STD 030 Track Drainage Standard

Engineering Standard
L1-CHE-STD-030
TRACK DRAINAGE STANDARD
Version: 3
ENGINEERING STANDARD
L1-CHE-STD-030 Version: 3 Effective from: 17th July 2018
Approval
Amendment Record
Approval Date Version Description

Initial release under MTM. Supersedes the following standards:
1. MetRail Track Design Manual - 1986,
20/12/2016 1
2. PTC Heavy Rail Track Design Standard Part B – 1997 (Ver.
1.3)
Section 15 revised to reflect the release of L1-CHE-STD-040
22/12/2017 2 Bridge Standard. Refer to MOC #24053.
Standard updated to reflect release of L1-CHE-STD-025 Transit
17/07/2018 3 Space Clearance Standard. Refer to MOC #44753 for details.
Approving Manager: Chief Engineer Approval Date: 17/07/2018 Next Review Date: 17/07/2021
PRINTOUT MAY NOT BE UP-TO-DATE; REFER TO METRO INTRANET FOR THE LATEST VERSION Page 2 of 28
PREFACE
Metro Trains Melbourne (MTM) Standards have been developed to ensure common approaches are
employed when designing, constructing or testing any part of the Melbourne Metropolitan Rail
Network. It is important to understand that Standards are living documents which take into account
learnings to achieve best practice.
All MTM Standards are periodically reviewed and new versions published which incorporate
learnings and Technical Notes (TNs). TNs are issued between editions which correct any errors or
ambiguities contained in an MTM Standard. Standards may also be withdrawn and replaced. As
Standards are uncontrolled once printed, it is imperative to check the currency of the Standard on
the MTM Intranet or MTM External Document Portal.
In the event of conflicts or discrepancies between Documents, refer to the order of precedence as
defined in ‘Chief Engineer’s Guideline Engineering Standards Listing’ (L1-CHE-GDL-005).
Note: Any clarification described in a TN shall take precedence over the impacted clause or clauses
in the associated MTM Standard.
In the event a clause within a Standard is not achievable a waiver must be raised in accordance with
‘Engineering Waiver Procedure’ - L1-CHE-PRO-001.
Note: MTM does not have the authority to grant waivers to any Standards which relate to
Government Regulations or Legislation, e.g. Disability Discrimination Act.
Application of this Standard

This Standard is applicable from the approval date.
Table of Contents
1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 6
2 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 6
3 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 6
4 Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 6
5 References & Legislations ............................................................................................. 7
5.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 MTM References................................................................................................................. 8
5.3 Industry References ............................................................................................................ 8
5.4 Australian References and Legislation ............................................................................... 8
6 Related Documents ........................................................................................................ 9
7 Safety & Environmental .................................................................................................. 9
8 Functionality ................................................................................................................. 10
9 General Principles for Track Drainage ........................................................................ 11
9.1 Design Considerations ...................................................................................................... 11
9.2 Flood Design ..................................................................................................................... 12
9.3 Peak Flow Rate ................................................................................................................. 12
9.4 Drainage Design Life ........................................................................................................ 12
9.5 Re-Use of Existing Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 13
9.6 Drainage Discharge .......................................................................................................... 13
10 Surface Drainage .......................................................................................................... 14
10.1 Catch Drains ..................................................................................................................... 14
10.2 Cess Drains ....................................................................................................................... 14
10.3 Retention Basins ............................................................................................................... 16
11 Subsurface Drainage .................................................................................................... 16
11.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 16
11.2 Pipe Size ........................................................................................................................... 18
11.3 Pipe Grades ...................................................................................................................... 18
11.4 Pipe Cover ........................................................................................................................ 18
11.5 Pipe Class ......................................................................................................................... 19
11.6 Trenching .......................................................................................................................... 19
11.7 Design Velocities............................................................................................................... 20
11.8 Pit Configuration and Sizing.............................................................................................. 20
11.9 Pit Covers and Ballast Cages ........................................................................................... 21
11.10 Geotextiles ........................................................................................................................ 22
11.11 Under Track Crossings ..................................................................................................... 23
11.12 Utility Clearance Requirements ........................................................................................ 23
12 Inlet/Outlet ..................................................................................................................... 23
13 Stations ......................................................................................................................... 24
14 Turnouts and Crossovers ............................................................................................ 24
15 Bridge and Tunnel Drainage ........................................................................................ 24
16 Pumped Systems .......................................................................................................... 25
17 Appendix A – Documentation Requirements.............................................................. 27
17.1 General Requirements ...................................................................................................... 27
17.2 Drawings ........................................................................................................................... 27
17.3 Design Report ................................................................................................................... 27
List of Tables
Table 1: Design Life of Track Drainage System Assets ................................................................. 12

Table 2: Maximum permissible runoff velocities to prevent erosion ............................................... 16
Table 3: Geotextile mechanical properties .................................................................................... 22
List of Figures
Figure 1: Catch Drains in Cutting .................................................................................................. 14

Figure 2: Cess Drain on Embankment .......................................................................................... 15
Figure 3: Carrier and Collector Arrangement................................................................................. 17
Figure 4: Typical Under Track Crossing ........................................................................................ 19
Figure 5: Typical Drainage Pit in 6 –Foot Arrangement ................................................................. 20
1 Purpose
1.1 The purpose of this document is to provide the technical requirements for drainage systems
within the rail corridor.
2 Scope
2.1 This standard sets out MTM requirements for drainage systems within the rail corridor. It
covers the technical requirements for drainage of the track formation, supporting
embankments and cuttings.
2.2 This standard does not cover drainage from carparks, buildings, overbridges, footbridges,
airspace developments, external developments, access roads, roads outside the rail corridor,
council drains or properties adjacent to the rail corridor.
2.3 This standard does not include culvert design or design of other infrastructure used to allow
overland flow to cross the rail corridor.
2.4 The provisions in this standard are mandatory.
3 Abbreviations
AEP Annual Exceedance Probability
ARI Average Recurrence Interval
FRC Fibre Reinforced Concrete
MTM Metro Trains Melbourne
RSNL Rail Safety National Law
4 Definitions
Annual The likelihood of occurrence of a flood of given size or larger
Exceedance occurring in any one year expressed as a percentage. For
Probability (AEP) example, if a peak flood discharge of 500 m3/s has an AEP of 5%,
it means that there is a 5% risk (i.e., a risk of one-in-20) of a peak
flood discharge or larger occurring in any one year
Catch Drains Catch drains (also known as “top drains”) intercept overland flow or
runoff before it reaches the track. Catch drains are generally located
on the uphill side of a cutting or catch water flowing down the hill
and remove it prior to reaching the cutting.
Catchment The land area draining to a point of interest, such as a point on a
(Catchment Area) stream, river or stormwater drainage system. The catchment area
is used to determine the quantity of runoff through hydrological
assessment.
Cess Area From the edge of the ballast profile to either the edge of the
embankment or the toe of the cutting.
Cess Drains Cess drains are surface drains located at the formation level at the
side of the tracks. They remove water that has percolated through
the ballast and is flowing across the capping layer towards the
outside of the formation. Cess drains are primarily intended for
protect the formation by keeping it dry.
Erosion The process by which the flow of water alters the ground surface in
an area by removing layers of soil.
Formation The formed, graded and compacted material, including fill material,
capping layer material (often referred to as sub-ballast) and any
drainage layers or materials, on which ballast is laid.
Peak Flow Rate The highest flow discharged from the catchment under
consideration having evaluated storm durations with a particular
average recurrence level.
Track Drainage Drainage of the track formation including diversion of water away
from cuttings and embankments.
Shall The term shall is used to express a clause that is mandatory to
achieve conformance to the standard.
Should Is used as the descriptive word to express a requirement that is
recommended in order to achieve compliance. ‘should’ can also be
used if a requirement is a desirable but not a mandatory
requirement.
Subsurface A pipe and sump drainage system to convey surface water
Drainage underground.
Subsoil Drainage A slotted pipe and/or aggregate drainage system to intercept
ground water or seepage.
6-foot Area between two tracks
5 References & Legislations
5.1 General
5.1.1 Track drainage shall be designed and constructed in accordance with this standard,
other relevant MTM and Australian standards and MTM requirements documents.
5.1.2 Where a conflict arises between standards or clarification as to the applicability of
a standard or a part of a standard is required, the matter shall be referred to the
MTM Chief Engineer or delegate for determination.
5.2 MTM References
Document Number Title
L1-NAM-PRO-002 Design and Technical Review Procedure

L1-CHE-POL-001 Engineering Drawings Management Policy (IFC/As Builts)
L1-CHE-PRO-004 Type Approval Procedure
L1-CHE-PRO-001 Standard Waiver Procedure
L0-HMR-MAN-001 Business Rules Manual For The Contracting Rail Safety
Worker
L1-CHE-STD-025 Transit Space Clearances
L1-CHE-STD-029 Earthworks & Formation Standard
L1-CHE-STD-040 Bridge Standard
L1-SDD-STD-006 Train Maintenance Buildings Electrical Systems – Earthling
and Bonding
L2-PRJ-PRO-008 Excavation on MTM Projects.
L1-INF-PRO-001 Protection of Underground Assets and Services Procedure
L0-SQE-PRO-014 Safety & Environmental Requirements for Third Parties
Working on MTM Premises.
L0-SQE-PRO-031 Enterprise Risk Management Procedure
L0-SQE-MAN-002 Safety Management System Manual.
L0-SQE-PLA-005 MTM Environmental Management Plan.
5.3 Industry References

PTC F598 Track Formation & Ballast for Open Single Track
Construction
n/a PTV Infrastructure Drafting Standards
n/a Australian Rainfall and Runoff, Institution of Engineers
Australia
n/a Melbourne Water’s Floodway Safety Criteria.
5.4 Australian References and Legislation

AS 1100 Technical Drawing
AS 1289 Methods of Testing Soils for Engineering Purposes
AS 1657 Fixed Platforms, Walkways, Stairways and Ladders
AS 1680.1 Interior Lighting-General Principles and Recommendations

AS 2566 Plastics Pipe Laying Design
AS 2648.1 Underground marking tape - Non-detectable tape pages
AS 2865 Confined Spaces
AS 3500.3 Plumbing and Drainage: Stormwater Drainage
AS 3705 Geotextiles - Identification, marking and general data
AS 3706 Geotextiles - Methods of test - General introduction and list
of methods
AS 3725 Design for Installation of Buried Concrete Pipes
AS 3996 Access Covers and Grates
AS 4058 Precast Concrete Pipes
AS 4139 Fibre Reinforced Concrete
AS 4678 Earth Retaining Structures
AS 4799 Installation of underground utility services and pipelines
within railway boundaries
AS 5100.2 Bridge Design - Part 2: Design Loads
AS 7637 Hydrology and Hydraulics
Rail Safety National Law Application Act 2013 (Vic)
S.R. No. 54/2007 Victorian OHS Regulations 2007
6 Related Documents
L1-CHE-STD-039 Track Design and Construction
L1-CHE-SPE-178 Earthworks & Formation Specification
7 Safety & Environmental

7.1 The general requirements in relation to safety are included in MTM’s Safety Management
System Manual (L0-SQE-MAN-002).
7.2 The design and construction of the track drainage shall comply with the L0-SQE-PLA-005 –
MTM Environmental Management Plan and L0-SQE-PRO-014 Safety & Environmental
Requirements for Third Parties Working on MTM Premises.
7.3 All rail safety workers shall comply Business Rules Manual for the Contracting Rail Safety
Worker (L0-HMR-MAN-001) and have the appropriate competencies to undertake their role.
7.4 Under RSNL (s46) MTM is required to:
a) eliminate risks to safety so far as is reasonably practicable; and
b) if it is not reasonably practicable to eliminate risks to safety, to minimise those risks
so far as is reasonably practicable.
7.5 Under RSNL (s47), reasonably practicable means that which is, or was at a particular time,
reasonably able to be done to ensure safety, taking into account and weighing up all relevant
matters including:
a) the likelihood of the hazard or the risk concerned occurring; and
b) the degree of harm that might result from the hazard or the risk; and
c) what the person concerned knows, or ought reasonably to know, about-
i. the hazard or risk, and ways of eliminating or minimising the risk; and
ii. the availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or minimise the risk; and
d) after assessing the extent of the risk and the available ways of eliminating or
minimising the risk, the cost associated with available ways of eliminating or
minimising the risk, including whether the cost is grossly disproportionate to the
risk.
7.6 Under RSNL (s50), rail safety is a shared responsibility of:
a) Rail transport operators; and
b) Rail safety workers; and
c) Other persons who:
i. Design, commission, construct, manufacture, supply, install, erect, maintain,
repair, modify or decommission rail infrastructure or rolling stock; or
ii. Supply rail infrastructure operations or rolling stock operations to rail
operators; or
iii. In relation to the transport of freight by railway—load or unload freight on or
from rolling stock.
7.7 Safety and risk assessments shall be undertaken to inform the design of railway drainage
systems. They shall take into account safety considerations for construction and
maintenance personnel and any other parties, including operations personnel, who may be
required to use the track. Risk assessments shall be conducted in accordance with the MTM
Enterprise Risk Management Procedure L0-SQE-PRO-031.
7.8 Where new materials or systems are to be introduced with the design and construction of the
railway drainage, the materials and systems shall be subject to MTM Type Approval
processes for use on the metropolitan train network.
7.9 Where the requirements of this standard cannot be met, a standard waiver shall be submitted
to seek approval from the Chief Engineer.
8 Functionality
8.1 The functional requirements for tracks, sidings, maintenance depots and related facilities
shall be described in the appropriate MTM standard, Final Operational Requirements and
Final Impact Statement for the Project.
8.2 The design shall ensure compliance with the Structure Gauge Envelopes applicable to the
category of ownership of the incumbent infrastructure as outlined in L1-CHE-STD-025.
8.3 The design shall provide documentation in accordance with Appendix A of this standard.
9 General Principles for Track Drainage
9.1 Design Considerations

9.1.1 The principal functions of the drainage system are to:
• Intercept water from surrounding areas and prevent it from flowing onto the
formation; and
• Remove water rapidly from the formation to an approved discharge location.
9.1.2 The Formation cross fall (top of capping) shall be designed in accordance with
MTM Earthworks & Formation Standard L1-CHE-STD-029.
9.1.3 The type of system chosen for each location is dependent on the site constraints,
water source, track structure, and maintenance requirements. Surface drains shall
be used in preference to subsurface drains wherever possible as they are easily
inspected and maintained. Subsurface drains shall be used where adequate
surface drainage cannot be provided due to site specific constraints or lack of
available fall due to outlet restrictions.
9.1.4 The design of drainage systems shall take into account associated requirements
such as:
• Obstructions from overhead wiring or signalling structure footings, signals
equipment including train stops and point machines, and combined services
routes.
• The interface with the formation and capping of adjacent tracks.
• The potential for ballast to fall into and block the drain.
9.1.5 The permanent effects of the drainage system located alongside existing structures
such as overhead wiring structures, retaining walls, platforms, embankments, shall
be taken into account. The likelihood of destabilising an existing structure during
the excavation stage shall also be identified and accounted for.
9.1.6 The railway corridor shall be protected from overland flows sheeting towards the
railway. Catch drains and a levee/flood walls are to be provided to divert the
overland flow to a location where overland flow has been designed to cross
above/below the railway.
9.1.7 It is preferred that ground water and seepage shall be prevented from entering the
rail corridor. Where this is not economically feasible, a drainage system shall be
provided to protect the Formation.
9.1.8 Drainage must be designed to limit the erosion effects of the drained water and
ensure the drains do not become blocked with silt.
9.1.9 The drainage system in sidings and maintenance facilities shall incorporate
measures for the containment of chemicals, pollutants and all rubbish.
9.1.10 Potential conflicts with existing services shall be considered. Service searches shall
be conducted and the locations of these services indicated on the design
documentation.
9.1.11 No other drainage shall be discharged into the track drainage system without
approval from the MTM Chief Engineer or delegate.
9.2 Flood Design

9.2.1 Flood design shall protect all track assets from the 1% AEP flood level (1 in 100
year ARI event) and permit the unrestricted operation of trains by not overtopping
the capping layer. The capacity of the drainage system shall take into account the
rainfall intensity, the water runoff to be managed and the particulars of the location.
9.2.2 Flood design shall protect Train Maintenance Facility tracks and assets from a 1%
AEP flood level.
9.2.3 Drainage design for sidings clear of the mainline shall be protected from the 2%
AEP flood level (1 in 50 year ARI event).
9.3 Peak Flow Rate

9.3.1 Estimation of the volume of surface water that is required to be drained shall be
determined using the Rational method as detailed in Australian Rainfall and Runoff,
adopting the design average recurrence interval. Alternatively, the Hydrograph
method may be used.
9.3.2 A range of storm events representing varying rainfall duration shall be investigated.
The drainage design shall be carried out adopting the critical rainfall event.
9.3.3 The catchment areas required for peak flow rate calculations shall be determined
using (in order of preference) site survey, site measurements or suitably scaled
topographic maps.
9.3.4 Surface runoff flowing into the rail corridor from adjoining properties and streets
shall be taken into account. Stormwater from outside the rail corridor is not to be
discharged into new railway drainage systems.
9.4 Drainage Design Life

9.4.1 The minimum design life of components of the track drainage system shall satisfy
the requirements of Table 1.
Table 1: Design Life of Track Drainage System Assets
Asset Design Life

Surface and subsurface drainage elements 50 years
Bridges and culverts 100 years
Tanked structure and drainage blankets 100 years
Pumps 25 years
9.4.2 Track drainage components shall be low maintenance. Maintenance requirements

for track drainage requirements shall be documented through the MTM Type
Approval Process.
9.5 Re-Use of Existing Infrastructure

9.5.1 Where a project wishes to re-use existing drainage infrastructure, they shall confirm
and provide evidence that:
• The capacity of existing drainage system is sufficient to cater for the proposed
stormwater flows. This includes assessment of the existing drainage within the
corridor to the approved point of discharge.
• The drainage asset is in good condition and functioning correctly. Open cess
drains may require cleaning and re-grading. Pipes may need to be cleaned
out or repaired as part of the scope of works.
• The drainage asset condition is sufficient to meet the required design life
specified in Section 9.4. It may be necessary to conduct additional
maintenance tasks to achieve the required design life and this shall be agreed
with MTM and PTV prior to design approval.
• Existing infrastructure, which may not have been previously subjected to rail
loadings, shall be checked and verified to accept design loading impacts.
9.6 Drainage Discharge

9.6.1 Proposed discharge locations shall have a capacity to ensure peak flow rates can
be accommodated.
9.6.2 Approval to discharge to the downstream drainage network will be required from
the relevant asset owner/manager. An approval letter from the asset
owner/manager highlighting any approval conditions, if required, shall be provided
to MTM as part of the design documentation.
9.6.3 The existing outlet shall be inspected to ensure there are no immediate blockages
and that there is a positive outlet. Where the downstream network consists of
blocked or damaged pipes the network authority should be notified.
9.6.4 If the proposed discharge network is managed by MTM, the following information
shall be provided:
• Anticipated 10 year and 50 year ARI design flows and outlet velocities.
• Hydrology results confirming a 100 year ARI event will not overtop the capping
layer.
• Proposed catchment extents, and if there is any increase from the existing
catchment.
• Current and proposed discharge point for the site.
• Details of proposed connection(s).
9.6.5 The potential for scour at the outlet shall be assessed and scour protection provided
if required.
9.6.6 Where details of the existing downstream drainage network cannot be confirmed,
proposed discharge points shall be tested to confirm they have sufficient capacity.
This shall be completed prior to Final Design.
9.6.7 Where there is a risk that backflow may occur at a proposed outlet, such as a
watercourse, a back flow flap or similar shall be provided.
10 Surface Drainage
10.1 Catch Drains

10.1.1 The flow capacity of catch drains shall be greater than the peak flow rate.
10.1.2 For ease of maintenance and where space permits, over-sized channels shall be
adopted to allow sediment build up to occur and still work effectively.
10.1.3 Catch drains shall be provided on the uphill side of a cutting to divert water from
the cutting face. The flow capacity of catch drains shall be greater than the peak
flow rate.
10.1.4 Unlined drains shall be located away from the top edge of the cutting and a flood
wall or levee bank shall be provided where required to divert overland flows away
from the cutting. (See Figure 1).
Figure 1: Catch Drains in Cutting
10.1.5 Catch drains may be either lined or unlined depending on the local soil conditions.
10.1.6 Catch drains may not be required if the design can demonstrate a suitable
alternative has been provided, such as a containment barrier, or similar.
10.2 Cess Drains

10.2.1 The flow capacity of open channel cess drains shall be greater than the peak flow
rate.
10.2.2 For ease of maintenance and where space permits, over-sized channels shall be
adopted to allow sediment build up to occur and still work effectively.
10.2.3 Cess drains shall be provided on the downhill side of embankments to divert water
from the embankment toe. It is preferred that drains be 1000 mm minimum from
the toe of the embankment. Where this is not feasible, the cess drains shall have a
capacity 1.5 times the design flow rate to account for embankment erosion over the
life of the drain.
Figure 2: Cess Drain on Embankment
10.2.4 The preferred longitudinal gradient for an open channel shall be 1:100.
10.2.5 The absolute minimum longitudinal gradient for an open channel shall be 1:300 if
the channel is lined, or 1:200 if unlined.
10.2.6 The maximum longitudinal gradient for an open channel shall ensure that the
maximum velocity of a 1 in 10 year ARI event does not exceed the velocities in
Table 2.
10.2.7 The location of the open channel shall comply with the Formation shoulder distance
specified in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
10.2.8 Where track drainage is incorporated within existing constraints (for example,
cuttings, between tracks) and the shoulder distance cannot be achieved, open
channels shall not be installed closer than 3000mm from the nearest track
centreline to prevent ballast spill into the channel area.
10.2.9 This minimum edge distance shall be increased as required based on track
configuration (rail size, sleeper type, ballast depth) and track curvature.
10.2.10 The top of lined channels shall be lower than the top of an adjacent track formation
to ensure tracks are free draining.
10.2.11 Where the cess is in a publicly accessible area, velocity x depth checks shall be
completed to confirm maximum runoff velocities comply with Melbourne Water’s
Floodway Safety Criteria.
10.2.12 The material forming the open channel shall be capable of withstanding the
maximum permissible design velocity for a 1 in 10 year ARI event.
10.2.13 Table 2 provides maximum velocity values for varying lining types.
Table 2: Maximum permissible runoff velocities to prevent erosion
Channel Material Type Velocity (m/s)

Fine sand 0.45
Silt loam 0.60
Fine gravel 0.75
Stiff clay 0.90
Coarse gravel 1.20
Shale, hardpan 1.50
Grass Covered 1.8
Stones 2.5
Asphalt 3.0
Boulders 5.0
Concrete 6.0
10.2.14 If fibre reinforced concrete is specified, synthetic fibres shall be used.

10.2.15 All cess drainage systems shall be designed to discharge to an approved drainage
system, subject to the approval of the appropriate authority. Drainage may be
discharged to an approved watercourse, but may be subject to additional
environmental controls and approvals.
10.3 Retention Basins

10.3.1 All retention basins shall be designed to allow ease of maintenance with desirable
batters of 1V:6H and maximum of 1V:4H to be provided.
10.3.2 A risk assessment shall be undertaken to determine the need for additional fencing
or protection, especially when the basin is located in a publicly accessible area.
11 Subsurface Drainage
11.1 General
11.1.1 Subsurface drains shall be used where adequate surface drainage cannot be
provided due to a restriction, or lack of available fall due to outlet restrictions.
11.1.2 Subsurface drainage systems shall be designed to transfer surface runoff and
water collected from other drainage systems to an approved point of discharge.
11.1.3 Subsoil drainage shall be provided in locations where the water table is at or near
earthworks level. Subsoil drainage shall also be provided where artesian conditions
exist to relieve water pressure.
11.1.4 If a subsoil drainage system is required to remove ground water and seepage, a
detailed hydrological and geotechnical investigation is required to determine the
volume of water for the sizing of drains. If required due to levels of contaminants,
ground water and seepage may require a separate drainage system to enable it to
be discharged appropriately.
11.1.5 Both slotted and un-slotted pipes may be used depending on the system type and
its means of collecting and carrying water.
11.1.6 Slotted pipes shall be used as collector drains as these do not rely on surface flow
between pits to collect runoff. Drainage schemes that rely solely on grated pits to
collect runoff shall be avoided where possible and are subject to approval from the
Chief Engineer or delegate.
11.1.7 Within the 6-foot, the maximum length of subsurface drainage (based on catchment
area and flow path) for slotted pipes shall be 100m. For subsurface drainage runs
longer than 100m, a separate carrier pipe shall be provided as per Figure 3 to
minimise risk of drainage failure damaging the Formation of two tracks. Maximum
pit spacing specified in 11.8.5 shall still apply.
11.1.8 In restricted areas where longitudinal subsurface drainage has an invert level
deeper than 600mm below top of capping, a separate carrier pipe shall be provided
in conjunction with the collector pipe to minimise the depth of the collector pipe.
This is to improve maintenance during limited occupation windows. A typical
arrangement is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Carrier and Collector Arrangement
11.1.9 When selecting a pipe, the environment (whether the water is abrasive, acidic or
alkaline) shall be considered. The manufacturer's specifications shall be referred to
in relation to the various environmental conditions and circumstances for which the
pipe is deemed to be suitable.
11.1.10 Materials and products used in the drainage system shall be approved by the MTM
Type Approval process. Approved proprietary products shall be designed and
installed in accordance with Australian standards, manufacturer’s specifications
and conditions of the type approval.
11.1.11 Aggregate drains are only suitable for use where a small flow of ground water or
seepage is expected. They are not to be used for the collection of surface water.
11.2 Pipe Size

11.2.1 Collector and carrier pipes shall have a capacity greater than the peak flow rate for
a 50 year ARI event. The peak flow rate calculated shall be adjusted for any
subsurface water and water collected from other systems.
11.2.2 Pipe sizes selected shall not be smaller than upstream pipe sizes within the
drainage network without approval from Chief Engineer or delegate.
11.2.3 The minimum pipe diameter for subsurface drainage systems shall be 225mm
diameter for maintenance purposes.
11.2.4 The minimum pipe diameter for subsoil drainage 150mm diameter providing a
geotextile is provided, restricting the potential particle size that can enter the
network.
11.3 Pipe Grades

11.3.1 The preferred longitudinal gradient for collector and conveyance pipes shall be
1:100.
11.3.2 The absolute minimum longitudinal gradient for collector and conveyance pipes
shall be 1:300.
11.3.3 Longitudinal gradients shall be selected to achieve the minimum self-cleansing
velocities, as defined in Section 11.7.
11.4 Pipe Cover

11.4.1 For concrete pipes within the rail corridor and >3m from Track centreline, AS 3725
shall be used for calculating required pipe cover.
11.4.2 For flexible pipes within the rail corridor and >3m from track centreline, AS 2566.1
shall be used for calculating required pipe cover.
11.4.3 Depth of pipes under and across the track shall typically be 1200mm minimum from
top of rail to top of pipe or pipe encasing, or 600mm below natural ground surface
in accordance with AS4799, whichever is greater. Refer to Figure 4.
11.4.4 In some case it may be necessary to reduce cover for under track crossings to
avoid service clashes. In these cases the design shall demonstrate that the solution
is capable of withstanding required rail loading, loading during maintenance
activities, and that potential impacts to the track structure are managed
appropriately. These arrangements are subject to approval by the MTM Chief
Engineer or delegate.
Figure 4: Typical Under Track Crossing
11.4.5 Depth of pipes under sealed roads shall be 600mm minimum from top of road to
the top of pipe or pipe encasing.
11.4.6 Pipes running parallel to the track shall be the greater value of 900mm from top of
rail or 300mm below the top of capping.
11.5 Pipe Class

11.5.1 Minimum Class 4 strength pipes shall be used when installed within 3m from track
centreline.
11.5.2 Where railway live loads are applicable, pipes shall be designed for train loads as
specified in AS 5100.2 with average intensity of live loads (under 300LA condition)
as per AS 3725.
11.5.3 The strength class of reinforced concrete and fibre reinforced concrete pipes
installed further than 3m from the track centreline shall be calculated by
requirements stipulated in AS 3725.
11.5.4 The strength of flexible pipes installed further than 3m from the track centreline,
AS 2566.1 shall be used for calculating required pipe class.
11.6 Trenching
11.6.1 The bedding support of all flexible pipes shall be in accordance with AS 2566.1.
Typically the minimum trench width shall be pipe diameter plus 150mm on each
side.
11.6.2 The bedding support of all concrete pipes shall be in accordance with AS 3725.
Typically the minimum trench width shall be pipe diameter plus 150mm on each
side.
11.6.3 For pipes running in parallel, a clear space of 300mm between pipes shall be
provided to allow compaction to take place.
11.6.4 Trenches shall be backfilled with suitable material and compacted to not less than
95% maximum standard dry density as determined in AS 1289 ( as per Test 5.1.1
and Test 5.3.1) in nominal 150mm layers.
11.7 Design Velocities

11.7.1 The minimum velocity within carrier pipes for self-cleansing shall be 0.7m/s for a 1
year ARI event.
11.7.2 The maximum velocity of the peak flow within a pipe for a 10 year ARI event shall
be less than the manufacturer recommended maximum limits.
11.8 Pit Configuration and Sizing

11.8.1 Pits are required as access points for surface water and for maintenance of the
drainage system. Pits shall be located at the transition between pipe sizes and at
all changes in direction and major changes in grade. Junction pits shall be provided
at the interface between new drainage works and the existing drainage network.
11.8.2 For ground water and seepage drainage systems (subsoil), there may be site
constraints that prevent pits being installed. This arrangement is subject to approval
by the Chief Engineer or delegate.
11.8.3 Where pits cannot be provided due to space constraints, ground water and seepage
(subsoil) drains shall have flushing points. Flushing points shall be provided at
intervals of not more than 50m and at abrupt changes of grade and alignment.
11.8.4 Stormwater pits shall be rectangular or square in plan. If site specific constraints
require a circular pit to be installed, minimum sizes shall be in accordance AS
3500.3.
11.8.5 Pits shall be provided at maximum 50m intervals. Reduced centres may be
applicable to account for track curvature.
11.8.6 Where pits are located within 3m of the track centreline, the pits shall be designed
to withstand train loads specified AS 5100.2: Bridge Design – Design Loads.
11.8.7 Pits shall be placed as far as practicable from adjacent sleepers and shall not be
designed with less than 150mm clearance from the end of adjacent sleepers, refer
to Figure 5.
Figure 5: Typical Drainage Pit in 6 –Foot Arrangement
11.8.8 Where an upstream pipe run is not fitted with a pit, a flush out riser or headwall
shall be provided for maintenance purposes.
11.8.9 Flushing points for drainage pipes shall have the same diameter as the pipe.
Flushing points shall consist of ‘T’ or ‘L’ connection in the subsurface pipe, with pipe
connections extending to the surface for regular flushing with water to clear the
subsurface drain of fouling material.
11.8.10 The minimum internal plan dimensions of a pit shall be 600mm x 600mm. For
depths greater than 900mm, the minimum internal plan dimensions shall be
increased to 900mm x 900mm unless the pit is located within the 6-foot between
tracks.
11.8.11 Where pits are located in the 6-foot between tracks, the minimum internal plan
dimensions of the pit shall be 600mm wide (perpendicular to the tracks) x 900mm
to accommodate inspection and access. The width shall be the maximum size
available to enable proper placement of the pit without clashing with the sleepers.
11.8.12 Where the internal pit height (including risers and/or ballast cages) exceeds
1200mm, step rungs shall be provided at 300mm vertical centres. Where practical,
pits shall be orientated so the step rungs are on the side of the pit facing oncoming
traffic unless the track is bi-directional, installed within the 6-foot between the tracks
or interferes with pipe openings
11.8.13 Pit riser heights shall be selected such that step rungs do not come within 50mm of
the top or bottom of the riser.
11.9 Pit Covers and Ballast Cages

11.9.1 All stormwater pits shall be provided with minimum Class D pits lids, grates or
ballast cages in accordance with AS 3996.
11.9.2 In areas of restricted access where vehicular traffic is not possible, such as below
platforms, the class of pit lid/grate may be reduced to Class A.
11.9.3 Pit lids, grates, and ballast cages shall be designed for ease of removal manually
and to comply with the Victorian OHS Regulations e.g. manufactured in multiple
sections rather than one.
11.9.4 Ballast cages shall be of heavy-duty construction, capable of withstanding rail
loadings and live loading from construction machinery. The cage shall be
positioned to the outside edges of the pit.
11.9.5 All pits lids and grates shall be lockable.
11.9.6 All grates shall be hot dipped galvanised.
11.9.7 Where pits are located within 3m of the nearest track centreline, pits lids/grates
shall be designed so the top is level with the top of adjacent sleepers.
11.9.8 Where pits are located within the rail corridor but further than 3m from the nearest
track centreline, pit lids/grates shall be designed so they are level with the finished
surface level.
11.9.9 Where pits are located within the 6-foot between tracks, pits lids, grates or ballast
cages shall be designed so the top of the pit is 100mm above the top of adjacent
sleeper level to prevent the pit becoming covered with ballast, and to account for
future track lifts.
If located in a siding, pits lids shall be installed at pathway level where located in a
walking area. If located between tracks with different levels the pit shall not infringe
on the clearance of the lower track.
11.10 Geotextiles
11.10.1 An appropriate geotextile filter fabric shall be selected which satisfies both the
required strength and filtration criteria.
11.10.2 As a guide, the selected geotextile is to exhibit the mechanical properties outlined
in Table 3 when tested in accordance with AS 3706: Geotextiles - Methods of test
- General introduction and list of methods: These properties are indicative only. The
final selection must take account of any local condition such as harsh environments.
Table 3: Geotextile mechanical properties
Strength1 Filtration3
Strength (N)
Strength (N)
Q100 (l/m2/s)
Elongation2
Permittivity
Flow Rate
G Rating
Ψ (s-1)
Grab
EOS
Tear
≥10 ≥0.1 ≤120

µm
Subsurface drain ≥ 30% 700 250 1350
≤ 3m of track CL
< 30% 1100 400 2000
Subsurface drain ≥ 30% 500 180 900
> 3m of track CL4
< 30% 800 300 1350
Drainage Blanket ≥ 30% 700 250 1350 ≥10 ≥0.1 ≤120
CBR>35 µm
< 30% 1100 400 2000
Drainage Blanket ≥ 30% 900 350 2000
CBR≤35
< 30% 1400 500 3000
1
Subsurface drain design based on maximum stone particle size of <37.5mm.
2
Elongation to differentiate woven from non-woven geotextiles shall be the % CBR
elongation at puncture corresponding to maximum puncture strength determined in
accordance with AS 3706.4. In general, woven geotextiles will puncture at
elongations less than 30% and non-woven geotextiles will puncture at elongations
equal to or greater than 30%.
3
Filtration requirements based on fine grained soils (e.g. silts, silt clay and clays)
with D15≤75 µm. EOS may be increased in granular soils (silty sand, sands and
gravels)
4
Limited to 2m depth.
5
Applies to the material on which the geotextile is placed. Drainage blanket design
based on maximum stone particle size <75mm.
11.10.3 Geotextile used in subsurface drainage shall fully line the trench and have a
minimum lap at the top of 300 mm but not exceeding 50% of the width at the top.
The geotextile shall be covered by a minimum of 100 mm of aggregate.
11.10.4 Geotextile products used shall be approved by the MTM Type Approval process
11.11 Under Track Crossings

11.11.1 Pipes are to cross under rail tracks as close as possible to 90 degrees. However,
where pipe bends are required to meet this condition, an oblique angle crossing is
permitted.
11.11.2 Slotted pipes and perforated pipes shall not be used for under track pipe work.
11.11.3 Where the installation of the crossing is carried out by open cut, the pipe is to cross
the track at 90 degrees to minimise potential differential settlement.
11.11.4 The depth of pipes under rail tracks shall comply with Section 11.4.
11.12 Utility Clearance Requirements

11.12.1 Clearance between services shall be provided in accordance with AS4799
Installation of underground utility services and pipelines within the railway
boundary.
11.12.2 Reduction in these clearances may be possible through installation of mechanical
protection of other risk mitigation measure to be agreed by the relevant asset
managers.
11.12.3 It is preferred that the crossing angle between drainage pipes and other services
should be not less than 45 degrees. This allows for access to individual services
without considerably impacting upon other services within the general vicinity.
12 Inlet/Outlet
12.1 To prevent blockage of pipes, all inlets shall be designed with appropriate protection to
prevent debris entering the drainage system.
12.2 To prevent soil erosion, all inlet and outlet points shall be provided with an appropriate size
concrete headwall, pit or rock beaching/rip rap to suit the ground profile.
12.3 Outlets shall be designed to minimise the likelihood of weed growth, erosion and other
blockages that can prevent free flow of water. The ground covering at the pipe exit points
shall be capable of withstanding the exit flow rates. The maximum permissible velocities
provided in Table 2 shall be used as the ground covering limits.
12.4 If provided, concrete headwalls shall be designed to provide strength and stability to resist
the applied loadings to AS 5100.2: Bridge Design – Design Loads.
12.5 Where the sediment load of the water being discharged from a drainage system is high, a silt
trap shall be included.
13 Stations
13.1 For stations with island platforms, the drainage infrastructure shall be designed on the outside
of the rail corridor where it can be easily inspected and maintained.
13.2 For stations with side face platforms, the sub-surface drainage may be placed within the 6-
foot for the length of the station due to restrictions accessing and maintaining drainage
infrastructure.
13.3 MTM operational procedures require faulty trains to proceed to the nearest station, if they are
physically capable of doing so, for passenger evacuation. Junction pits with maintenance
access shall be located immediately downstream of a station to assist capturing and treating
contaminants that may be generated from faulty rolling stock.
14 Turnouts and Crossovers

14.1 Subsurface drainage pipes shall not pass below a turnout or crossover. At these locations,
drainage shall be discharged to carrier pipes or an approved outlet away from the track
structure.
14.2 Flush out points are to be provided for maintenance purposes if a pit is not provided at the
end of a drainage run.
15 Bridge and Tunnel Drainage

15.1 The configuration of track drainage on bridges shall be designed in accordance with
L1-CHE-STD-040 Bridge Standard.
15.2 Stormwater/groundwater shall be collected at grated inlets to ensure no pooling occurs on
the structure and rails and rail fixings remain dry. The runoff shall be conveyed via drainage
pipe(s) and suitably connected to an approved drainage outlet.
15.3 Tunnels with a ballast-less track structure shall be graded so the grated inlets are easily
visible and accessible for maintenance and inspection, and so they will not be damaged by
maintenance activity.
15.4 Tunnels carrying one track with a ballast track structure shall be graded towards the side of
the structure.
15.5 Tunnels carrying two tracks with a ballast track structure may be graded towards a central
drainage invert. In situations where it is not possible to achieve a central grade for the bridge
deck, the bridge shall be designed to sheet runoff to the outside of the structure.
15.6 Tunnel drainage systems shall be designed to have sufficient capacity to cater for:
• Ground water seepage.
• Tunnel washing.
• Testing and emptying of fire mains.
• Rain water blown into the tunnel or brought into the tunnel by rolling stock.
15.7 A pump sump shall be located at every low point within each running tunnel and designed to
cater to the maximum flow rate that can occur from tunnel washing or fire main maintenance.
If the pump sump location coincides with a cross passage, then only one pump sump shall
be provided and it shall be located in the cross passage.
15.8 On ballasted structures, ballast cages shall be utilised at all grated inlets for ease of
maintenance.
16 Pumped Systems
16.1 If the drainage system cannot provide an appropriate gravity outlet, a pumped system shall
be provided.
16.2 The pump shall be located (in plan), at a location where a mobile crane and staff can access
it for maintenance purposes without requiring the need for occupations or electrical isolation.
This location shall be on the MTM Infrastructure Lease. Unrestricted access for maintenance
staff shall be maintained in a 1% AEP (100 year ARI) event.
16.3 The pump system shall contain a lifting system which allows the raising/lowering of pumps
to enable minor works or inspections to be undertaken without requiring the use of a crane.
16.4 The pumped system shall provide storage capacity for a 2 hour, 1% AEP (100 year ARI)
event in case of pump system failure. A 2 hour period has been determined as an acceptable
response time for maintenance staff to reinstate the operation of the pump system after the
high water level warning is triggered by the alarm system.
16.5 The pumped system shall provide sufficient redundancy in the pump and pipe sets that when
one unit or inlet/outlet pipe is temporarily offline (e.g. maintenance or fault), all drainage
requirements can still be satisfied.
16.6 The pump station shall have a connection for a backup generator and pump in case of power
failure. The connection type shall be compatible with equipment used by emergency services
and MTM.
16.7 Power supply to pumps, operation of the pumps and high water level alarms shall be
connected to the Challenger System. All pump alarms shall be monitored individually.
16.8 The alarm systems shall be connected to a UPS.
16.9 Pumps shall operate automatically, based on both level controller transducers and
mechanical floats for failsafe operation. Each pump shall be provided with actuation controls
and sensors. Soft start shall be used for pump motors due to frequent start/stop during
operation.
16.10 The power supply to pumps shall be from the station supply or a separate feed from the
Supply Authority.
16.11 Metal pipes attached to the structure shall be fitted with insulating sections where the pipe
leaves the structure. Refer to Clause 20 of L1-SDD-STD-006.
16.12 Pumps shall be mounted on insulated pedestals to mitigate against electrolytic corrosion.
16.13 If the drainage system includes an enclosed/retention basin, it shall be designed in
accordance with AS2865 Confined Spaces. Design consideration shall include but not limited
to:
• Provision of outlets and facilities for cleaning to eliminate or reduce the need for entry.
• Provision of ventilation facilities to avoid the build-up of any contaminants or
combustible atmospheres.
• Provision of adequate and convenient means of entry and exit for persons who may be
required to wear personal protective equipment, including respiratory protective
devices and clothing.
• Provision for persons to conduct tasks in other than stooped, awkward or cramped
positions.
• Provision of fixed ladders, platforms and walkways complying with AS1657.
• Provision levels of illumination, complying with AS1680.1, that will be sufficient to
permit safe entry, conduct of tasks and exit.
16.14 Materials and products used in the drainage system shall be approved by the MTM Type
Approval Process.
17 Appendix A – Documentation Requirements
17.1 General Requirements

17.1.1 Design Documentation shall be prepared in accordance with the MTM Design and
Technical Review Procedure L1-NAM-PRO-002.
17.1.2 All Design Drawings shall be produced in accordance with the conventions detailed
in MTM Documentation L1-CHE-POL-001 Engineering Drawings Management
Policy (IFC/As Builts), PTV Infrastructure Drafting Standards, AS 1100 Technical
Drawing.
17.2 Drawings
Design drawings shall include a site survey and plan as well as details of the following:
• track alignments and levels
• drainage layout and details, including existing drainage, outlet details
• location of structures, natural features and services
• design average recurrence interval
• cross sections
• longitudinal sections of pipe runs, including depth of pipes
• pipe jacking or boring under tracks
• pipe, trench and open channel installation details
• pit details, including a pit table
• scour protection
• detention basin details
17.3 Design Report

The design report shall include the following (where applicable):
• Introduction
o Scope of works
o Changes since last design submission
• Functional requirements
• Design standards and criteria
o Inputs
o Design standards
o Variations from standard
• Description of Design
o Design Methodology
o Site Investigations
o Catchment Details
o Hydrologic Parameters Adopted
o Hydraulic Parameters Adopted
o Analysis Results (existing and proposed)
o Design flows and velocities
o Load calculations on drainage infrastructure
o Water Quality
o Pumping Systems
• Record of safety in design assessment

L1 CHE STD 030 Track Drainage Standard

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Engineering Standard

Approval Date Version Description

Application of this Standard

Table 1: Design Life of Track Drainage System Assets ................................................................. 12

Figure 1: Catch Drains in Cutting .................................................................................................. 14

5 References & Legislations

5.2 MTM References

Document Number Title

L1-NAM-PRO-002 Design and Technical Review Procedure

5.3 Industry References

Document Number Title

5.4 Australian References and Legislation

Document Number Title

AS 1680.1 Interior Lighting-General Principles and Recommendations

7 Safety & Environmental

9 General Principles for Track Drainage

9.1 Design Considerations

9.2 Flood Design

9.3 Peak Flow Rate

9.4 Drainage Design Life

Asset Design Life

9.4.2 Track drainage components shall be low maintenance. Maintenance requirements

9.5 Re-Use of Existing Infrastructure

9.6 Drainage Discharge

10.1 Catch Drains

Figure 1: Catch Drains in Cutting

10.2 Cess Drains

Figure 2: Cess Drain on Embankment

Table 2: Maximum permissible runoff velocities to prevent erosion

Channel Material Type Velocity (m/s)

10.2.14 If fibre reinforced concrete is specified, synthetic fibres shall be used.

10.3 Retention Basins

Figure 3: Carrier and Collector Arrangement

11.2 Pipe Size

11.3 Pipe Grades

11.4 Pipe Cover

Figure 4: Typical Under Track Crossing

11.5 Pipe Class

11.7 Design Velocities

11.8 Pit Configuration and Sizing

Figure 5: Typical Drainage Pit in 6 –Foot Arrangement

11.9 Pit Covers and Ballast Cages

≥10 ≥0.1 ≤120

11.11 Under Track Crossings

11.12 Utility Clearance Requirements

14 Turnouts and Crossovers

15 Bridge and Tunnel Drainage

17 Appendix A – Documentation Requirements

17.1 General Requirements

17.3 Design Report

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