Ata 28 Fuel

ATA 28 FUEL
Copyright © 2011-2012 - ATR Training Centre - All right reserved For Training Only
28.00 GENERAL Presentation
The ATR Fuel system is composed of the following systems:

- a storage system : 2 tanks, one in each wing, with its associated ventilation system,
- a distribution system with 2 engine feed systems and a refuel/defuel system,
- an indicating system (fuel quantity indicating and fuel tank temperature).
MW28.00_.01.G1L1 Copyright © 2011-2012 - ATR Training Centre - All right reserved For Training Only Page 2
Storage System
Each wing is composed of:
- a feeder tank,
- a main tank,
- a vent-surge tank,
- a venting system,
The fuel is stored in two tanks, one in each wing, formed as an integral part of the wing structure. The maximum fuel capacity per tank is 3185
liters (2500 kg / 5512 lbs for a fuel density of 0,785). The total volume is 6370 liters (5000 kg / 11025 lbs).
Each tank has its own venting system which connects it to a vent-surge tank in all flight configurations.
The wing centre box structure, located above the fuselage, contains the fuel cross-feed and tank refueling lines.
To prevent the fuel accumulation due to a leak, this wing centre box is vented and drained.
Distribution system
In normal conditions, each engine is supplied from its associated wing tank.
The outboard 100 liters vent-surge tank is not a fuel storage tank but is an integral part of the fuel ventilation system. The vent-surge tank serves
as a reservoir for main tank overflow due to fuel thermal expansion.
The main tank stores the remaining fuel and supplies the feeder tank through the feeder pump action or gravity flow.
The inboard 160 kg (353 Lbs) feeder tank normally supplies the respective engine and contains most of the pumps and control valves.
The feeder tank is always full and protects the engine feed system against negative or lateral load factors.
An 28 VDC electrical pump and an engine feed jet pump are installed. The electric pump is installed in a canister and supplies fuel to the engine
during starting. The canister equipped with a self sealing system is installed on the lower surface of the feeder tank. It allows the electrical pump to
be removed without emptying the fuel feeder tank.
The engine feed jet pump is activated by HP fuel from the engine H.M.U. and is controlled by a motive flow valve.
The LP S/O valve is located between the tank outlet and the corresponding engine.
It's controlled by its associated fire handle.
A Cross-feed valve controlled by the "X FEED" pb, located on the cockpit fuel panel, allows both engines to be fed by one fuel tank, or one engine
to be fed by both tanks.
Each system is equipped with a pressure drop protection.
The FUEL panel is located on the overhead panel.

Fuel indicating system
Six probes are installed in each tank and electrically connected to the Fuel Control Unit "FCU".
The quantities are processed by Fuel Control Unit "FCU" and displayed on Multifunction Display "MFD" and Engine Warning Display "EWD".
Fuel indicating system also comprises
- a fuel tank temperature sensor fitted on quantity probe (15 QT) located in the LH feeder tank which sends information to" MFD" Engine page.
- four magnetic Fuel Quantity Indicators (dipsticks).
28.00 GENERAL Cockpit Panels
The Engine Warning Display (EWD) provides on its permanent data window the fuel on board quantity (FOB).
On the Multifunction Display (MFD) Engines secondary system page provides dynamic synoptic of fuel systems.
FUEL Panel is located on the overhead cockpit panel.
ENG 1 (2) Fire Handle are located on the overhead cockpit panel.
For maintenance purposes only:
- A bite loaded magnetic indicator on the RH maintenance panel turns amber when a system failure has been recorded.
28.00 GENERAL Cockpit Panels
REFUELING Panel is located on RH Main Landing Gear Fairing.
28.00 GENERAL Cockpit Display
On the secondary engine page of the Multifunction Displays "MFDs", the fuel tank systems are displayed below the engines parameters.
Engines secondary system page provides dynamic synoptic of fuel systems including the following information:
Fuel Tank Indication
- White fuel tank indication.
- Amber tank information when the fuel tank is in low level condition.
- Amber feeder tank indication when the fuel feeder tank is in low level condition.
- Amber tank and cross low level label when the fuel tank low level signal is invalid.
Fuel Quantity Indication

- Green digital information provides fuel quantity available in KG or LBS managed by the Fuel Control Unit "FCU".
- Amber digital information when the fuel tank low level is detected.
- Red indication when the fuel quantity reaches 50 Kg (110.23 Lbs).
- Amber dashes indicate that the fuel quantity signal is invalid.
- Amber LAB label indicates discrepancy between both "FCU" channels or between "FCU and DU's" pin programming.
Fuel Temperature Indication
- Green digital information displays the fuel temperature on left tank.
- Amber dashes indicate that the fuel temperature signal is invalid.
Fuel Pump Indication

- Green" RUN" symbol when fuel electrical pump is running.
Electrical Fuel Pump Indication
- Green symbol when Engine Feed Jet Pump is running.
- Amber symbol when the electrical fuel pump is running with the FUEL PUMP push button in "OFF" position.
- White symbol when the fuel electrical pump is OFF.
- Amber cross symbol when fuel electrical pump signal is invalid.
Fuel Low Pressure Valve Indication

- Green symbol when the fuel low pressure valve is open.
- Blue 45° symbol when the LP fuel valve is in transient position.
- Blue horizontal symbol when the LP fuel valve is closed.
- Amber symbol when there is a disagree between Fire handle and LP fuel valve position.
- Amber cross symbol when the LP fuel valve position signal is invalid.
Fuel Cross-Feed "X Feed" Indication

- Green valve symbol when the "X-Feed" is closed.
- Blue horizontal valve position and green pipe symbol when the fuel X-Feed is open.
- Blue X-feed valve 45° position when the fuel X-Feed is in transient position.
- Cyan X-feed and grey pipe when the fuel X-feed is open and two electrical fuel pumps are OFF.
- Amber X-Feed and grey pipe symbol indicates disagree between the fuel X-Feed position and command push-button.
- Amber cross symbol when the fuel X-Feed position signal is invalid.
Feed Low Press Indication

- Amber feed low press label when fuel feed system is in low pressure condition.
- Amber cross symbol on the feed low press label when the feed low press signal is invalid.
Fuel Pipe
- Green fuel pipe when the fuel system is supplied.
- The grey pipe when the fuel system is not supplied.
28.00 GENERAL Interfaces
Fuel system is composed of:

- the storage and ventilation system,
- a distribution system,
- an indicating system,
Electrical system provides power to the fuel system. Fuel system is controled by electrical signals.
Fuel is stored in tanks located on each wing.
A fuel tanker performes tanks refueling and defueling.
"FIRE HANDLES" close fuel flow from tanks to the engines.
Fuel system supplies engines.
28.00 GENERAL Interfaces
Electrical control signals permits to ensure the system operating.
28.00 GENERAL Exercises
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28.10 FUEL STORAGE System Description
Fuel is stored in two integral wing tanks formed by the wing spar box between ribs 4 and 23. The centre section spar box located above the
fuselage is not used for fuel storage. Each tank has a capacity of 2,500 kg (5,510 Lbs), for a kerosene density of 0.785, taking into account the
thermal expansion volume.
Each ATR fuel tanks are composed of:
- a feeder tank capacity = 160 kg (353 Lbs),
- a main wing tank which stores the remaining fuel,
- a vent-surge tank capacity = 100 liters (not used for fuel storage).
The wing upper surface panel is comprised of two sections for each half wing from rib 0 to rib 13 and from rib 13 to rib 24. It can be removed for
inspection and internal repair. Rib 13, located at the wing break, constitutes an anti-surge baffle.
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28.10 FUEL STORAGE System Description
Both tanks are vented in all flight configurations:
- by a vent line routed from rib 5 to rib 23 and provided with a rubber drain,
- by a float valve located in the outer wing section.
These two outlets are connected to a vent-surge tank located outboard of the fuel tank between ribs 23 and 24.
MPD Scheduled Check:
Particular attention to the Detailed Inspection of the fuel tank (JIC 28-10-00 DVI 10005/10010) for general condition and installation of all the
components within the fuel tanks.
That inspection must be conducted by specially trained personnel and dedicated tools.
28.10 FUEL STORAGE Exercises
28.10 FUEL STORAGE Exercises
28.10 FUEL STORAGE Fuel Tanks
LOCATION:
- Water drains
- Access doors.
- Access doors (gravity refueling port).
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The wing lower surface panel is designed so that any water collects beneath the fuel in the lowest parts of the tanks.
This water is then drained away through manually operated water drains.
Three self-closing water drains per tanks are installed.
They ensure drainage of water from tanks at any aircraft attitude between ±3°.
A water drain is installed at the lowest point of the vent surge tank in order to evacuate water which could freeze up to siphon level in icing
condition and thus prevents tank venting failure.
Three access doors are located on the upper surface at either end of each tank and allow access to essential equipment without removing the
upper surface panel :
- one door is located between rib 4 and 5 (feeder tank access),
- another door is between rib 22 and 23 and is fitted with a gravity refuelling port,
- the door located above the wing centre box compartment (between rib 1 and 2) is the cross feed system access.
CDCCL Item: Particular attention when opening and closing the wing box access doors (JIC 570000 OAC 10000), where all necessary precautions
for performing work in fuel tanks must be taken by specially trained personnel.
CDCCL Item: Particular attention during remove/installation of wing access doors, for the check of conductivity (JIC 05-51-16 CHK 10010).
Gravity refuelling operation is performed through two overwing gravity filling ports installed on the wing upper surface panel access door between
rib 22 and 23.
Each gravity refuelling port includes a support attached to the structure,
a cap,
and a filter.
The cap is equipped with a locking device which is flush with the wing upper surface.
A ground connection installed near the cap, provides electrical continuity between the refuelling cap and the aircraft structure.
28.10 FUEL STORAGE Fuel Ventilation Description
LOCATION.
CDCCL Item:
Bonding of pipes within the fuel tanks is part of the design protection against electrostatic discharge.
More than one bonding lead missing, damage or untightened on each pipe inside the fuel tanks can introduce unsafe condition.
Both tanks are vented in all flight configuration and on ground by a vent line
and a float valve
connected to a vent surge tank.
The vent line is vented through a NACA intake installed on the wing lower surface.
The vent surge tank can contain 5 times vent line volume.
It has a capacity of approximately 100 liters.
The vent surge tank recovers fuel from the vent line, caused by thermal expansion of the fuel.
Fuel is recovered by siphoning.
The wing centre box has its own venting system.

This system serves to evacuate any vapor and fuel due to leaks in the lines routed through the centre compartment.
Air ventilation is supplied from the left side of the fuselage to wing fairings through a scoop. It is ducted into the wing centre box at front spar level.
Two air vent ports are located at the lowest points of the wing centre box exhaust outside of the karmans, on either side of the fuselage. They also
serve for draining.
The system is designed to renew the volume of air in the wing centre box every three minutes.
The NACA intake enables a slight overpressure of 0.3 PSI (20 mb), to be applied in the tank during the flight.
The rubber drain allows fuel and water trapped in the vent line to drain back into the tank.
A water drain installed in the lower point of the surge tank allows to avoid the accumulation of water which in icing condition could freeze up to the
vent line syphon level and prevent the tank to be vented.
The float valve allows direct tank ventilation through the vent surge tank.
It closes during roll back,
or fuel tank full, to prevent fuel entering the vent surge tank.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION System Description
Fuel is fed to each engine from a corresponding tank by means of a system installed in a feeder tank between ribs 4 and 5 which is always
maintained full.
The feeder tank has a capacity of approximately 160 kg (353 lbs). System controls and indicators are displayed on the fuel panel located on the
overhead panel in the flight compartment.
The fuel system is composed of:
- an electrical pump,
- a feeder jet pump,
- an engine feed jet pump,
- a motive flow valve,
- two relief valves,
- a low pressure shut-off valve,

- a cross feed valve,
- a low pressure switch,
- an electrical auto control pressure switch.
System controls and indications are located on the cockpit.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION System Operation
The aircraft is energized and both engines are not running.

FEED LO PR amber light are illuminated because fuel feed pressure, detected by LP pressure switch, is < 4 PSI.
Both fuel engine electric pumps push buttons are pressed IN and green RUN lights illuminate.
The 28 VDC electric pumps are energized and begin to supply fuel to engines. At the same time, the feeder jet pump is activated by the electric
pump output pressure.
Feeder tank pump is designed to maintain feeder tank full by collecting fuel from main tank with feeder jet pump suction pipe.
At this step, the engine feed jet pump is not supplied,
the motive flow valve and X-feed valve are closed.
The LP shut off valve is open.
The fuel flow rate delivered at engine starting is 450 l/h for a pressure of 5.5 PSI (380 mb).
FEED LO PR extinsguishes.
After engine starting, driving flow for the engine feed jet pump is supplied through a return line from HMU.
In presence of return pressure, the motive flow valve installed on the fuel engine HP return line, opens in order to supply the engine feed jet pump.
The engine feed jet pump begins to operate by driving fuel from the feeder tank. At the same time, it supplies the feeder jet pump.
When pressure supplied by the engine feed jet pump reaches 8.5 PSI, the pressure switch 17 (18) QA installed on the engine jet pump outlet
de-energizes the electric pump after 30 s time delay.
The fuel flow supplied by the feeder jet pump is suficient to maintain the feeder tank full in all configurations.
If the feeder jet pump fails, the feeder tank is connected to the main tank through flap valves (installed at the bottom of rib 5) which allows fuel to
flow from the tank to the feeder tank.
(monitoring of the feeder tank fuel level is provided by a dedicated probe).
When a feeder tank not full is detected, the system :

- energizes the MFC bite loaded,
- displays the amber fuel warning message on the EWD Alert window,
- causes the amber Master Caution light to flash,
- send an audible, single chime,
- automatically energizes the corresponding electrical pump.
In the event of engine feed jet pump failure, the pressure switch 17 (18) QT provides electric pump running control which ensures fuel supply to the
engine.
The electric pump delivers the necessary flow rate for engine consumption.
In case of engine fire, when corresponding engine fire handle is pulled, it closes associated LP shut off valve.
Cross feed valve could be used to supply an engine from the opposite tank.
With the X feed valve push button pressed IN, the valve opens, green flow bar is horizontal.
Both electrical pump are energized.
By selecting OFF the corresponding PUMP push button, the electric pump is de-energized and the motive flow valve is supplied to close.
The engine is fed through the opposite tank.
Note:
During fuel x feed operation, FUEL X FEED blue label (on the temporary alert window) will fash if the pump on the most fuel quantity side is
switched OFF
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Exercises
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Exercises
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Exercises Level 2
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Exercises Level 2
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Electrical Pump
LOCATION:
A 28 VDC electric pump is installed in each feeder tank between ribs 4 and 5.
Access is gained through an access door located on the upper wing surface panel between ribs 4 and 5.
DESCRIPTION:
The 28 VDC electric pump installed in a canister supplies fuel to the engine during starting.
It also serves to supply the engine throughout the flight envelope, in the event of feed jet pump failure or a restart in emergency.
The check valve located on the canister outlet avoids any fuel leakage when removing the electric pump.
The canister equipped with a self sealing system is a self-contained explosive type.
It is installed on the tank lower surface. It allows the electric pump to be removed without emptying the fuel feeder tank.
The flow rate delivered at engine starting is 450 liters (119 US gal)/ hour at a pressure of 0.9 bar (13 psi) under 16VDC supply.
CDCCL Item:
The pump has been covered by extensive testing that demonstrated the compliance of the fuel pump with requirements of the Fuel Tank Safety
Regulations.
Any deviation to the approved pump configuration can lead to questioning of the test results and therefore can potentially introduce an unsafe
condition.
The electric pump is de-energized 30s after engine starting by relay 154QA (155QA),
controlled by pressure switch 17QA (18QA),
installed on the engine feed jet pump outlet,
when pressure supplied by this jet pump reaches 600 mb (8.7 psi).
In the event of engine feed jet pump failure P < 350 mb (5 psi),
pressure switch 17QA (18QA) provides electric pump opening control which ensures fuel supply to the engine.
The electric pump is also energized when fuel low level is detected by the FCU.
The electric pump delivers the necessary flow-rate for engine consumption and the flow to the jet pump nozzle.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Feeder Jet Pump
LOCATION:
The feeder tank pump is installed on the semi-sealed rib 5.
Operated by fuel from the engine feed system, the jet pump maintains the feeder tank with fuel, throughout the flight, by drawing the fuel from
beyond rib 5.
The inlet flow rate creates a depression at the venturi inlet. This depression induces a fuel flow rate at jet pump suction, allowing the feeder tank to
be full in all flight configurations.
Access to the jet pumps is through the feeder door located on the upper surface panel between ribs 4 and 5.
In the event of a jet pump failure, the feeder tank is connected with the tank through flap valves installed at the bottom of rib 5. Flap valves allow
the fuel to flow from the main tank to the feeder tank.
The illumination of FUEL LO LVL on the EWD alert window indicates failure to maintain full level in feeder tank (time delay is 10 mn).
In addition, feeder tank is displayed in amber on the MFD.
Feeder Low level signal is controlled by the MFC and recorded in the MFC maintenance memory.
This signal is fed back from MFC to FCU which activates electrical fuel pump.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Engine Feed jet Pump
LOCATION:
The engine feed jet pump is located in the feeder tanks between ribs 4 and 5.
DESCRIPTION:
The engine feed jet pump delivers fuel to the engine after starting.
Driving fuel flow is supplied through a return line from the Hydro-Mechanical Unit (HMU).
The jet pump outlet is equipped with a check valve.
In normal operation, the engine jet pump supplies fuel to the engine throughout the flight envelope certified for the A/C.
In the event of a failure of the opposite engine feed system, the other engine's feed jet pump is able to supply both engines during all flight phases
(other than take-off).
Pressure at the engine feed jet pump outlet, for the previous flow rates should be greater than, or equal to, 12 PSI (840 mb) to ensure correct
engine fuel supply.
The fuel inlet flow rate from the engine creates a depression at the engine feed jet pump venturi inlet.
It induces a fuel suction at the jet pump inlet.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Motive Flow Valve
LOCATION:
The motive flow valve is installed on the wing forward spar, on the engine feed high pressure return line.
Access is gained through the wing leading edge.
The motive flow valve is located near the LP shut-off valve and controls supply to the engine feed jet pump.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Motive Flow Valve
DESCRIPTION:
It is open when the valve solenoid is not energized and with fuel pressure.
It closes if there is no fuel pressure
with the solenoid energized.
It is controlled by the pump push button switch located on the fuel panel (25 VU), on the cockpit overhead panel.
CAUTION : To install or remove the motive flow valve, the tanks must be partially empty and the fuel electrical circuit de-energized.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Relief Valve
LOCATION:
A vapor relief valve is located at the high point directly above each electrical pump.
A thermal relief valve is installed on the fuel line.
DESCRIPTION:
The vapor relief valve allows any air in the line to be expelled.
This valve is airtight when the line is pressurized.
The thermal relief valve allows the fuel to escape directly into the tank in the event of overpressure.
When the motive flow valve is closed, the thermal relief valve also allows fuel trapped between the motive flow valve and the engine to run the fuel
tank.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION LP Shut off Valve
LOCATION:
The LP valve is fitted on the wing front spar between ribs 11 and 12 at engine level, it is located between the tank outlet and the associated
engine.
DESCRIPTION:
The LP fuel shut-off valve comprises a dual motor spherical plug.
The line between the LP valve and the fire wall is reinforced and drained to avoid fuel leaks reaching hot parts of the engine.
Valve operation is controlled by the corresponding engine fire handle located on the overhead panel in the flight compartment.
Valve position is displayed on the fuel panel.
The valve open position (flow bar vertical) is the normal position.
When the LP shut-off valve is closed, the flow bar is horizontal.
Pulling the engine fire handle energizes the two motors of the LP shut-off valve actuator (one motor is enough to operate the valve) and causes
engine shut down.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Cross Feed Valve
LOCATION:
The cross feed valve is installed on the fuel line inside the wing center box section.
Access is gained through an access door on the wing center box upper surface.
Description:
The left and right feed systems are interconnected by a cross feed line including a single motor electric valve.
OPERATION:
Supplied with 28 VDC, cross feed valve control and indication are located on the fuel section of panel 25VU on the flight compartment overhead
panel.
Initial conditions:
- Electric circuit energized.
- X feed push button not pressed in.
- X feed green flow line vertical.
- X feed valve closed.
Pressing the X feed push button energizes the X feed valve electrical motor.
The two electric pumps run.
During valve transit, the horizontal and vertical flow bars are OFF.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION LP Pressure Switches
LOCATION:
The fuel Low Pressure (LP) switch is installed downstream the Low Pressure valve.
Description:
The fuel LP switch detects pressure drops in the corresponding engine feed system.
OPERATION:
When the LP switch detects a low pressure (P<4 PSI) :
The FEED LO PR caution light comes on amber on the FUEL section of panel 25VU on the overhead panel.
FEED LO PR amber label is displayed on the MFD, together with associated caution displayed by FWS on EWD.
Note: It is not necessary to drain the tanks for LP switch removal and installation (switch fitted downstream of the LP valve).
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Electric Pump Auto Control Pressure Switch
LOCATION:
The electric pump auto-control pressure switch (17QA -> ENG1 and 18QA -> ENG2), is installed on the wing leading edge, between ribs 4 and 5,
on the engine feed jet pump outlet.
28.20 DISTRIBUTION Electric Pump Auto Control Pressure Switch
Description:
The pressure switch de-energizes the electric pump after engine starting, when the pressure supplied by the engine feed jet pump reaches 8.5 PSI
+ 30s delay.
In the event of engine feed jet pump failure P < 350 mb (5 psi), pressure switch 17QA (18QA) provides electric pump opening control which
ensures fuel supply to the engine.
CAUTION : It is necessary to partially drain the tanks to install or remove the electric pump auto-control pressure switch.
28.40 INDICATING System Description
Six probes are installed in each tank and electrically connected to Fuel Control Unit "FCU".
One high level sensor is fitted in each fuel tank in the vent surge tank.
the fuel tank capacity measurement system is such that the figures appear in terms of weight. The quantities are processed by Fuel Control Unit
(FCU) displayed on MFD, EWD and transmit the fuel information to a refuel/defuel panel.
low level alert is activated to indicate that the fuel quantity lower than 160 Kg (353 LBs) is detected on the corresponding fuel quantity channel. The
corresponding electrical pump is automatically activated.
In case of FEEDER TANK NOT FULL detection, a specific "LO LVL" alert is activated by 15QT (16QT) probe
To control refuel / defuel operations, a refueling panel is located on the forward RH landing gear fairing. Fuel tanker connects the refuel / defuel
line to the fuel coupling located on the RH rear landing gear fairing.
28.40 INDICATING System Description
Magnetic fuel quantity indicators:
Magnetic indicators located on the lower surface of each wing are used to manually determine the fuel quantity when the respective electronic
indicating system is inoperative.
Fuel tank temperature indicator:
A temperature measuring device is a thermistance fitted on probes N°1 located in the LH feeder tank. The temperature is displayed on the MFD.
28.40 INDICATING System Operation
The summing of the fuel quantity in a tank is performed by connecting the six probes in parallel.
Six electrical harnesses installed inside the tank, connect the probes to the bulkhead connectors to junction box fuel probes.
CDCCL Item: Particular attention during remove/installation of Fuel quantity Probes (JIC 28-42-72 RAI 10000), High Level Sensors (JIC 28-25-73
RAI 10000) and Harness (JIC 28-42-72 RAI 10010), to methodology and guidelines for securing harnesses on probes and sensors.
It is important to notice that no deviation to the approval design of harnesses and probes is permitted.
The Fuel Control Unit "FCU" is a dual channels unit which processes fuel quantity information for both tanks. The two channels are completely
isolated and have their dedicated power supply. They use temperature information coming from the 15 (16QT) probes located in the feeder tank.
Fuel Control Unit "FCU" is located on forward avionic compartment and a repeater is fitted in the refueling/defueling panel installed in the RH main
landing gear fairing.
Probes 15 (16QT) give two signals:
- One information give a compensation capacitance signal for "FCU".
- One information give a low level signal for MFC. If the FEEDER TANK is not full 10 mn after fuel electrical pump energisation, the MFC
memorise it (Bite loaded magnetic indicator on RH maintenance panel) and send a signal to Core Avionic Cabinet "CAC". In addition, feeder tank
symbology is displayed in amber on MFD.
The Refuel Control Panel "RCP" is supplied through the ground handling bus (access door open) to allow refuel/defuel operation without
energizing A/C network.
To protect against short circuit on wiring external to the fuel tank, fuse adapters are installed on connector (located on the wing spar) wired to fuel
tank components (on probe 15QT(16QT), 12QU(11QU)).
MPD Scheduled Check A resistance check of the fuses within the adapters (JIC 28-42-72 FUT 10005) permits to verify the drift of the fuses
resistance characteristic overtime. A change in caliber gauge of a fuse can modify the level of protection and the current intensity entering the fuel
tank in case of an external short circuit.
In addition current limiters are installed on high level sensor lines (12QU; 11QU), to avoid arcking at the internal contactor level, when high level is
detected.
Note These current limiters are not installed on 15QT and 16QT low level sensors, as they are supplied and limited in current by MFCS.
28.40 INDICATING Exercises
28.40 INDICATING Exercises Level 2
28.40 INDICATING Indicator Probes (15QT and 16QT)
LOCATION:
15QT and 16 QT probes are attached to the feeder tank upper surface wall between ribs 4 and 5.
DESCRIPTION:
The quantity indicating system provides information about the mass quantity of fuel available in each tank throughout the flight. This information is
displayed on MFD of DU's, on SD ENGINE page.
Fuel mass is measured by six capacitance probes installed in each tank. They are attached to the tank upper surface wall and can be removed
from the outside without emptying the tank.
Six electrical harnesses installed inside the tank, connect the probes to the bulkhead connectors. Any change in fuel quantity results in a change in
probe immersion and a consequent change in probe capacitance.
15 and 16 QT probes are fitted with a feed failure detector for feeder tank boosting. A capacitance and a low level system allow a failure signal to
be sent to corresponding alert systems.
If the fuel pump is selected during 10 mn, and if the fuel feeder tank not full after 15 sec, the electric pump is energized through FQI, and MFC
BITE loaded is activated on RH Maintenance Panel.
A temperature sensor is also installed on 15 and 16 QT probes. It is used to transmit fuel temperature information to the fuel quantity indicators to
convert fuel volume into weight.
This temperature sensor is also used to display on DU's the tank temperature, only on the left side. This information is processed by the Fuel
Control Unit.
The summing of the fuel quantity in a tank is performed by connecting probes in parallel.
Electrical harnesses installed inside the tank, connect the probes to the bulkhead connectors. Any change in fuel quantity results in a change in
probe immersion and in a consequent change in probe capacitance. The quantity is indicated on the Display Units which indicates the fuel mass in
each tank.
28.40 INDICATING Indicator Probes (17QT and Others)
LOCATION:
Probes are attached to the tank upper surface wall between ribs 5 and 6, ribs 9 and 10, ribs 14 and 15, ribs 20 and 21, ribs 22 and 23.
DESCRIPTION:
Fuel mass is measured by six capacitance probes installed in each tank. They are attached to the tank upper surface wall.
Probes can be removed without emptying the fuel tanks.
Probes access doors are located on the upper surface panel. The summing of the fuel quantity in a tank is performed by connecting probes in
parallel.
probe immersion and in a consequent change in probe capacitance.
The quantity (processed by Fuel Control Unit) is readed on the Display Units which indicates the fuel mass in each tank.
28.40 INDICATING Fuel Quantity Indicators
The Fuel Control Unit "FCU" is located on the forward avionic bay (204QT).
The fuel quantity system provides the flight crew with information concerning the mass quantity of fuel available in each tank throughout the flight.
This information is displayed on MFD and EWD.
The fuel quantity indicating provides the mass of fuel in each tank. The indications are given in "kg or lbs" according to the aircraft version.
The FCU is a dual channels unit (CPU1 and CPU2) which processes fuel quantity information for both tanks.
The two channels are completely isolated and have their dedicated power supply.
For each channel, a hard pin programming is used to select units (Kg or Lbs) and aircraft version (ATR42 or ATR72).
The FCU:
- process electrical signal from its associated fuel tanks to compute fuel quantity,
- provides fuel informations (fuel mass, fuel tank temperature, fuel low level) on ARINC 429 data bus towards avionics for display,
- communicates with Refueling Control Panel "RCP" via Control Area Network "CAN" data bus for refueling operations,
- monitors low levels,

- is able to record fault codes in its non volatile memory. The MPC is used to read and reset FCU memory through ARINC 429.
- Each channel performs self monitoring of its own integrity.
- In addition, it monitors condition of fuel probes, fuel probes harnesses and refuel control panel.
- comparison between fuel quantities provided by both FCU channel is done by Core Avionic Cabinets "CACs" (Core Processing Module
"CPM1" and "CPM2"). In case of a discrepancy greater than 200Kg, "FUEL UNBALANCED" caution is displayed on EWD.
The low level detection is set at 160 kg (353 lbs) for each fuel tank. The low level detection is also activated in case of FEEDER TANK NOT FULL,
detected by 15QT (16QT).
In the event of a "LO LVL" detection, the system:
- First low level is detected by FCU when fuel gauged in one tank is less than 160 kg (352.8Lbs). When detected, FCU communicate first low
level condition to avionics for warning display on ARINC 429 data bus and activate fuel pump associated to the concerned tank.
- An independant "LO LVL" warning (with a specific symbology) is detected by MFC when feeder tank is not full. This signal is inhibited 10 min
on ground (time for electrical pump to fill up the feeder tank). When detected by MFC, second low level signal is feedback to CAC alerting and to
FCU for fuel pump activation.
- The fuel quantity information is displayed in digital form on the MFD and EWD. The fuel quantity repeater is located on the refuel/defuel panel.
It displays fuel quantity when refuel/defuel panel access door is opened.
- The "FCU" is supplied by 28 VDC ESS BUS.
- The RCP supplied by 28 VDC XFR HANDLING BUS when the refuel/defuel panel access door is open.
If A/C network is not energized, the "FCU" is also supplied by the 28 VDC XFR HANDLING BUS when the access panel is open.
Refuel Control Panel:
- RCP (100QU) is a unit that provides interface with refueling staff. Its main function is to control the refueling valve during manual or automatic
refueling and defueling.
- RCP communicates with FCU via CAN data bus. It receives left and right fuel quantity and high level signal from FCU. It also receives signals
from high level sensors.
- RCP front face features control switches for refueling operation, 3 lines of alphanumeric display for indication of left and right quantity and
preselected quantity and LEDs for high level and refuel valve status indication.
- A push button on the front face allows testing of display lines and LEDs.
28.40 INDICATING Dipsticks and Clinometer
LOCATION:
Each tank is equipped with two manual magnetic indicators; one between RIBS5 and 6, the other between RIBS22 and 23 (zones 522 and 622).
LOCATION:
DESCRIPTION:
Access to the indicators is gained from the wing lower surface. The dipstik comprises a gauge body with a mounting base. Inside the gauge body
are :
- an assembly consisting of a magnet and float, which defines the position on the scale during a level check,
- a graduated scale,
- a stop (or lock) which receives the control knob when the assembly is locked,
- a control knob which, by simple rotation, releases the gratuated scale,
- a stop ring, which holds the measurement and check assembly.
Locked position: the control knob is flush with the outer face of the gauge body and wing lower surface.
Unlocked position: by pressing and turning the control knob, the rod magnetically linked to the float, falls under its own weight. The fuel level is
read in cm on the section of the scale which protrudes from the wing lower surface.
A chart is used to convert centimeters into liters and units of weight (kg. or lbs.) as a function of aircraft roll attitude and fuel density.
The clinometer gives the A/C roll attitude in order to perform the corrections for limiting A/C attitude effects for dipstick reading.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM System Description
The fuel/defuel system serves to:

- refuel the tanks under pressure,
- defuel the tanks by suction.
Controls and indicators associated with this system are located on the refueling panel installed on the right landing gear fairing.
The refuel duct is drained to avoid fuel smell in the cabin.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM System Operation
Automatic refueling operation:

- The refueling panel,
and the refuel/defuel coupling are located on the RH main landing gear fairing of the aircraft.
- During refueling and defueling operations, fire services have to be ready in case of an emergency and fuel safety precautions have to be
applied.
The ground cable is connected to the A/C RH side. The ground connection is located on the RH main landing gear fairing.
Opening of the REFUELING panel door energizes a microswitch allowing electrical supply of the Refuel Control Panel (RCP) and of the FCU from
the GND/HDLG XFR BUS busbar.
This microswitch also ensures simultaneous supply of the GND/HDLG XFR BUS busbar from the HOT BAT BUS busbar if no other power source
is available.
Refuel panel door states is displayed on DU.
The coupling cap is removed and the refuel hose is connected.
Before starting the refueling operation, the REFUELING panel TEST must be performed to test the lines of display and the led's.
Make certain that the refuel/ defuel valves switches are in "norm" and guarded position.
Use the "Increase/decrease" switch to select fuel quantity to be refuelled during automatic refuling.
REFUEL position is selected on the three position REFUEL/OFF/ DEFUEL switch.
Refueling starts when the pressure has been built up by the tankler and the refuel load is displayed on the tanker indicator.
It opens the refuel/defuel valves and the blue indicator LEDs illuminates.
AUTOMATIC REFUELING IS IN PROGRESS...
Each tank has a capacity of 2,500 kg (5,500 lbs) (for a density of 0.785).
A complete refueling (5,000 kg = 6,370 liters) takes about 20 minutes (maximum inlet pressure = 50 PSI (3.5 bars)).
When fuel quantity gauged by Fuel Control Unit (FCU) reached 3,000Kg , FCU sent a signal of high level to Refueling Control Panel which closes
refuel/defuel valve (first safety device).
The refuel/defuel valve indicator blue LED's extinguish.
If this first safety device does not operate, and when fuel reaches the high level sensor located in each tank, a signal is sent to RCP which controls
the closing of the refuel/defuel valves and illuminates the HIGH LEVEL indicator LED on its front face (second safety device).
The mode selector switch must be set to OFF after refuelling is complete.
- The refueling duct between the valves and the coupling can be drained by gravity or by suction.
- In the event of the drainage by suction, the refuel/defuel valves are closed and the surge valve switch is set to the OPEN position.
The fuel is drawn back to the tanker under a negative pressure of 11 PSI (0.77 bar).
- Refueling and defueling operation can be done manually.
For example, manual defueling operation is as follows:
- The refuel/defuel valves are open for defueling operation
by placing the refuel/defuel switch in the DEFUEL position
and the refuel valves switches in the OPEN position.
The two
refuel/defuel
safety devices
valve indicator
are inhibited.
blue LEDs illuminate.
MANUAL DEFUELING IS IN PROGRESS...
- When the defueling operation is finished, the refuel / defuel switch is reset to the OFF position,
and the refuel valves switches are reset to the NORM position.
The refuel/defuel valve indicator blue lights extinguish.
The refueling hose is disconnected from the refuel/defuel coupling and the refuel coupling cap is closed.
The refueling panel access door is closed and the ground panel cable is disconnected.
REFUELING/DEFUELING SEQUENCE COMPLETED.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM Exercises
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM Exercises Level 2
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM Refuel and Defuel Valve
LOCATION:
The refuel/defuel valve (14QU) is located in the Kerman zone, on the rear spar of the wings, between RIB 2 and RIB 3, by a duct routed along the
fuselage on the right side.
Description:
Each 28VDC refuel/defuel valve is equipped with a metal ring located under the electrical connection. The element called manual override enables
the valves to be operated manually, in the event of an electrical control failure.
Two restrictors located at the valve outlet allow fuel flow in the circuits to be balanced for simultaneous filling of tanks. Fuel through the lines is
admitted into the tanks at the tank low points.
Diffusers are located at the end of the two filling lines to limit formation of foam and vapor.
A refuel/defuel coupling is installed in the rear part of the right main landing gear fairing.
It is connected to the refuel/defuel valves through the fuel/defuel assembly which is installed in a dry bay which is drained.
This stainless steel duct has no coupling and is shrouded inside the fuselage. This duct is housed in a second duct to avoid cabin fuel leaks.
The area between two concentric pipes is ventilated by air, coming from the cabin and drained at the bottom of the landing gear fairing.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM High Level Sensor
LOCATION:
The High Level Sensors (11QU, 12QU) are installed at the end of the associated tank, between ribs 23 and 24.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM High Level Sensor
DESCRIPTION:
When the fuel reaches the maximum fuel quantity value and the refueling does not stop, the high level sensors, as a safety device, send an
electrical signal to the RCP.
The associated high level amber light illuminates on the refueling panel.
Access to HIGH LEVEL SENSORS is gained from wing upper surface panel.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM Gravity Refuel Cap
LOCATION:
Two overwing refueling caps are installed on the wing upper surface between RIBS22 and 23 (to limit lightning strike risks).
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM Gravity Refuel Cap
DESCRIPTION:
Each cap includes a support attached to the structure and a filter.
The cap is equipped with a locking mechanism flush with the wing upper surface.
A ground connection, installed near the cap, provides an electrical connection between the refueling cap and the aircraft structure. Roll A/C attitude
can be checked on a clinometer located on the main landing gear fairing.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM Refueling Electrical Control Panel
LOCATION:
The refueling panel is located on the RH main landing gear fairing of the aircraft, access is gained through door 152JR.
DESCRIPTION:
The REFUELING CONTROL PANEL (RCP) is a unit that provides interface with refueling staff. Its main function is to control the refueling valve
during manual or automatic refueling and defueling.
RCP communicates with FCU 204QT via CAN data bus.
It receives left and right fuel quantity unit, and high level signal.
It also receives signals from high level sensors 11QU/12QU.
RCP front face features control switches for refueling operation:
- 3 positions REFUEL/OFF/DEFUEL SWITCH
- 2 refuels valves switches controlling the REFUEL DEFUEL VALVES with 3 positions (SHUT, NORM, OPEN)
- 3 lines of alphanumeric display for indication of left and right quantity and preselected quantity display
- 2 cyan LED's which serve to indicate open position of REFUEL DEFUEL VALVES.
- 2 amber LED's which serve to indicate high level in the left tank and the right tank respectively
- refueling/FQI test pushbutton switch which serves to test the lines of display and the LED's
- an increase/decrease switch to select fuel quantity to be refueled during automatic refueling.
- "SURGE VALVE" switch enabling fuel draining in ducts
28.CI CONTROLS AND INDICATORS Fuel Panel
Fuel system indications are given on the Overhead Panel and on the main Instrument Panel (Engine secondary page of the MFD).
Fuel Tank Indication:
The summing of the fuel quantity in a tank is performed by six probes connected in parallel to the FCU.
- State 1 indicates the normal quantity more than 160 kg (353lbs).
- State 2 indicates the value of fuel low level is less than 160 kg (353lbs).
- State 3 indicates when the fuel quantity is less than 50kg (110lbs).
Low Level Monitoring:
For each tank, two low level signals are detected.
First Low Level:
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First low level is detected by "FCU".
state 1 is displayed when fuel gauged in one tank is less than 160 kg (353 lbs).
Independent Second Low Level:
Independent Second Low Level is detected by the low level contactor of probe 15QT (16QT) and processed by the MFC.
State 2 indicates a failure to maintain full level in the feeder tank.
Note: The fuel electrical pumps run automatically when the two low level signals are detected.
Fuel Temperature Indication:
Fuel tank temperature is processed by "FCU" from the thermistance fitted on probes N°1 (15QT-16QT) and is displayed in left feeder tank only.
Fuel Pump Indication:

- "RUN" Illuminates green on the overhead panel.
- State 1 is displayed on MFD.
- Control electrical pump power and motive flow valve solenoid.
Runs automatically if:
- Jet pump press < 8.5 PSI,
- Or X feed in line,
- Or fuel LO LVL (<160kg),
- Or during quantity test,
- Or feeder tank not full.
Each electrical pump is able to supply one engine in the all flight envelope.
On the Fuel Panel the electrical pumps associated lights are extinguished.
State 2 is displayed on MFD and indicates a normal operation by engine feed pump.
When the Pump push button on the Fuel Panel is push out the associated "OFF" lights illuminate white.
State 3 is displayed on MFD.
State 4 is displayed on MFD when the fuel electrical pump pushbutton is in "OFF" position and electrical pump is running.
State 5 is displayed when the pump signal is invalid.
Fuel Low Pressure Valve:

The fuel Low Pressure Valve is commanded by Engine Fire handle located on Fire Panel.
- On Fuel Panel green flow bar is illuminated in line.
- State 1 is displayed on the MFD.
When the fire handle is pulled:
First:
On Fuel Panel green flow bar disappears and state 2 is displayed on the MFD.
Then:
On Fuel Panel green flow bar cross line is illuminated in line abd state 3 is displayed on the MFD.
If three seconds a commanded valve position (open or closed) there is a disagree between valve position and fire handle:
On the Fuel Panel the flow bars are "OFF" and state 4 is displayed on the MFD.
Feed Low Pressure:
Feed Low Pressure is detected by the fuel feed low pressure switch when fuel delivery is below 4 PSI in case of fuel pump failure or fuel shortage.
Fuel Cross Feed:

On the Fuel Panel the Cross Feed "X-FEED" Valve is commanded by a pushbutton. When the "X-FEED" is closed the flow bar cross line is
illuminated.
When the "X-FEED" is commanded open:
- On the Fuel Panel the flow bar is illuminated in line.
- State 2 is displayed on MFD.
- FUEL XFEED is displayed on Virtual control panel VCP.
- The fuel electrical pumps run automatically.
If three seconds a commanded valve position (open or closed) there is a disagree between valve position and "X-FEED" pushbutton:
On the Fuel Panel the flow bar are "OFF" and state 3 is displayed on MFD.
28.CI CONTROLS AND INDICATORS Refueling and Defueling Panel
TEST PUSHBUTTON SWITCH :

The test pushbutton switch tests the lines of display and the LEDs.
MODE SELECTOR SWITCH :
Controls the operating mode for automatic fueling and the activation of refuel valves switches for manual operation.
OFF: Refuel valves are closed, switches are not activated.
REFUEL: Refuel valves may be operated by auto refueling logic (refuel valves switches on "NORM") or manual refueling operation.
DEFUEL: Refuel valves may be operated by manual defueling operation. With the mode selector in "DEFUEL" position, and the refuel valves in
"OPEN" position, all level protections are inhibited.
HIGH LEVEL LIGHTS :
Illuminates amber when the associated high level sensor is submerged (maximum refueling quantity reached). The corresponding refuel valve
closes automatically.
REFUEL VALVES POSITION LIGHTS :
Illuminate blue when the refuel valves are open during the refueling. They extinguish during the fuel circuit test, indicating the valves are closed.
REFUEL VALVES SWITCHES :
Control the operation of the valves for each tank. They are kept at "NORM" position.
NORM Valves are controlled by automatic fueling logic, depending on position of the mode selector switch and quantity preselection. Valves close
automatically when high level is detected.
OPEN Valves open when the mode selector switch is in the "REFUEL" or "DEFUEL" position and the high level sensor is not submerged.
SHUT Valves close regardless of the mode selector switch position.
SURGE VALVE :
Provides air vent of the refuel line draining of this line
OPEN The surge valve opens. Mode selector switch must be in "OFF" position.
SHUT The surge valve is closed.
MAIN L/G LT SWITCH :
This switch controls the main landing gear bay light.
FUEL QTY INDICATOR :

Two alphanumeric lines display left and right fuel quantity.
SELECTED QTY INDICATOR :
An increase/decrease switch to select fuel quantity to be refueling during automatic refueling.
28.REV SYSTEM REVISIONS System Normal Operation
On this normal operation revision, you will see the effect of valves and components on the fuel system.
A/C configuration:
- A/C is energized,
- Both engines are not running,
- Both FEED LO PR amber lights are illuminated,
- X FEED valve is closed,
- both fuel electrical pumps are off.
Please press ENG1 fuel pump pushbutton.
ENG1 PUMP RUN green light illuminate,
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28.REV SYSTEM REVISIONS System Normal Operation
ENG1 FEED LO PR amber light is extinguished,
X FEED valve is closed.
In normal operation, the electrical pump is only used to start the engine.
Please press ENG2 fuel pump pushbutton.
ENG1/2 FEED LO PR amber light are extinguished.
Please start ENG1.
After start, the engine feed jet pump, fed by HMU return line, takes over automatically.
The ENG1 electrical pump is de-energized 30 s after pressure is greater than 8.5 psi.
ENG2 is now started and ENG2 RUN green light extinguishes.
Each engine feed jet pump supplies its own engine.
End of procedure.
28.REV SYSTEM REVISIONS Fuel Emergency Abnormal Operation
Procedure ENG1 FIRE

A/C configuration:
- Both engines are running,
- Both fuel electrical pumps are not running,
- Both FEED LO PR amber lights are extinguished,
- Each engine is supplied by its own fuel tank.
An ENG1 FIRE has been detected.
Please, clear Master Warning,
Place PL1 on the FI position.
Place CL1 on the FTR position, then on FUEL SO position
Pull fire handle illuminated (ENG1).
After 10 seconds, "DISCH" AGENT 1.
There is no more fire on the engine 1.
The procedure is completed.
Procedure ENG1 FEED LOW PR

A/C configuration:
- Both fuel electrical pumps are not running,
- ENG1 FEED LO PR amber light illuminates,
Clear "MASTER CAUTION".
Confirm PUMP ENG1 "ON".
The illumination of FEED LO PR light associated with PUMP RUN light identifies a leak in the fuel line which may lead to engine rundown.
Place PL1 on FI position
Place CL1 on the FTR position, then on FUEL SO position.
Place PUMP ENG1 on the OFF position.
Pull FIRE HANDLE ENG1.
Procedure FUEL LO LVL

A/C configuration:
- Fuel low level is detected on the ENG1 tank (i.e.: fuel quantity > 160kg)
- ENG1 fuel electrical pump runs
No leak are suspected.
The MFD indicates 160KG (352 Lbs) on the left main tank.
Clear "MASTER CAUTION"
The procedure indicates to avoid excessive aircraft attitudes.
Open X FEED valve.
Shut-off the fuel pump on the affected side.
Procedure X-FEED operation:

A/C configuration:
- Both engines fuel electrical pumps are not running,
- Both engines LP valves and motive flow valves are opened,
- Both engines FEED LO PR amber lights are extinguished,
- X-FEED valve is closed.
Cross feed valve operation is performed in case of:
- Engine feed system failure,
- Fuel tank balance.
Open X-FEED valve.
Place ENG1 pump on the OFF position.
28.00 GENERAL Safety and Precautions
Presence of safety personnel during fuel operations.

Install explosimeter in fire risk area (in case of partial or complete refueling), in accordance with operator's national requirements.
Install "SMOKING PROHIBITED" warning notices around fire risk area (in case of partial or complete refueling), in accordance with operator's
national requirements.
Perform equipotential connection between the tanker and the aircraft (in case of fuel transfer only).
Only use explosion proof inspection lights when performing work.
Comply with safety instructions of electrical power supply
- All the aircraft electrical circuits are de-energized.
- The aircraft is electrically grounded.
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- All the access platforms and associated equipments are electrically grounded.
- All the electrical ground power units are disconnected.
Any spilled fuel must be absorbed and dried.
CDCCL Warning
The CDCCL identifies an item that can be source of a possible fuel tank ignition. No deviation to the approval design of these critical parts is
permitted.
ATR recommends the operators to strictly adhere the instructions given within the following Job Instruction Cards and Components
Maintenance Manuals for the compliance with the CDCCL.
The fire triangle or combustion triangle is a simple model for understanding the ingredients necessary for most fires.
The triangle illustrates a fire requires three elements: heat, fuel, and oxygen.
The fire is prevented or extinguished by removing any one of them. A fire naturally occurs when the elements are combined in the right mixture.
To perform a maintenance task in an aircraft fuel tank, personnel must be fully aware of the fuel environnement risks!
Consequently, personnel must obey all the safety precautions listed in the documentation before working in the tanks.
Safety barriers & warning notices must be in position prior to start a task. Note all safety area clearances are subject to change according to local
airport regulations.
Do not operate the fuel system or the Flight Controls (Flaps) or the L/G system. Movement of surrounding components can kill or injure people.
Defuel and drain the applicable wing tank.
Then open the fuel tank access panels.
Vent the tanks with a proper venting system (fitted with minimum one air inlet & one air outlet).
Check with a combustible gas indicator (after minimum 6 hours of ventilation) the tanks fuel gas concentration.
Fuel gas concentration must be < 10% of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) before acting in the tanks.
WARNING:
Do not touch or push against the magnetic level indicators when you are in the fuel tank.
This will prevent damage to them.
Do not touch or push against the probes when you are in the fuel tank.
This will prevent damage to them and their installation.
Do not cause damage to the internal structure, sealant, electrical cables, or conduits during maintenance.
After completion of a work in a fuel tank, personnel must make sure that:
The work area is clear of tools.
The work area is clean.
No electrical equipment has been damaged and disconnected.
All the fuel system components have a correct electrical bonding.
All access panels are back in their original position.
28.00 GENERAL Maintenance Operations
This module presents the various tasks programmed regarding the Fuel System, according to their periodicity (A: A check, C: C check, LC: Line
Check, WY: Weekly).
The contained information in the following tables results from the maintenance planning program, based on Maintenance Review Board Report
document (MRBR). ATR defines a standard document MPD (Maintenance Planning Document) where the maintenance programmed tasks are
identified.
For more information on Fuel System programmed checks, click on following categories:
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28.00 GENERAL 42 VERSION Presentation
The ATR Fuel system is composed of the following systems:

- a storage system : 2 tanks, one in each wing, with its associated ventilation system,
- a distribution system with 2 engine feed systems and a refuel/defuel system,
- an indicating system (fuel quantity indicating and fuel tank temperature).
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Storage System
Each wing is composed of:
- a feeder tank,
- a main tank,
- a vent-surge tank,
- a venting system.
The fuel is stored in two tanks, one in each wing, formed as an integral part of the wing structure. The maximum fuel capacity per tank is 2862
liters (2,250 kg / 4,960 lbs for a fuel density of 0.785). The total volume is 5,736 liters (4,500 kg / 9,920 lbs).
Each tank has its own venting system which connects it to a vent-surge tank in all flight configurations.
The wing centre box structure, located above the fuselage, contains the fuel cross-feed and tank refuelling lines.
Any fuel leakage from these lines accumulates in the wing centre box, to prevent this, the wing centre box is vented and drained.
Distribution System
In normal conditions, each engine is supplied from its associated wing tank.
The outboard 100 liters vent-surge tank is not a fuel storage tank but is an integral part of the fuel ventilation system. The vent-surge tank serves
as a reservoir for main tank overflow due to fuel thermal expansion.
The main tank stores the remaining fuel and supplies the feeder tank through the feeder pump action or gravity flow.
The inboard 160 kg (353 Lbs) feeder tank normally supplies the respective engine and contains most of the pumps and control valves.
The feeder tank is always full and protects the engine feed system against negative or lateral load factors.
An 28 VDC electrical pump and an engine feed jet pump are installed. The electric pump is installed in a canister and supplies fuel to the engine
during starting. The canister equipped with a self sealing system is installed on the lower surface of the feeder tank. It allows the electrical pump to
be removed without emptying the fuel feeder tank.
The engine feed jet pump is activated by HP fuel from the engine H.M.U. and is controlled by a motive flow valve.
The LP S/O valve is located between the tank outlet and the corresponding engine.
It's controlled by its associated fire handle.
A cross-feed valve controlled by the "X FEED" pb, located on the cockpit fuel panel, allows both engines to be fed by one fuel tank, or one engine
to be fed by both tanks.
Each system is equipped with a pressure drop protection.
The FUEL panel is located on the overhead panel.

Fuel indicating system
Five probes are installed in each tank and electrically connected to the Fuel Control Unit (FCU).
The quantities are processed by Fuel Control Unit (FCU) and displayed on Multifunction Display (MFD) and Engine Warning Display (EWD).
Fuel indicating system also comprises
- a fuel tank temperature sensor fitted on quantity probe (15 QT) located in the LH feeder tank which sends information to (MFD) Engine page.
- four magnetic Fuel Quantity Indicators (dipsticks).
28.00 GENERAL 42 VERSION Cockpit Panels
The Engine Warning Display (EWD) provides on its permanent data window the fuel on board quantity (FOB).
On the Multifunctional Display (MFD) Engines secondary system page provides dynamic synoptic of fuel systems.
FUEL Panel is located on the overhead cockpit panel.
ENG 1 (2) Fire Handle are located on the overhead cockpit panel.
For maintenance purposes only:
- A bite loaded magnetic indicator on the RH maintenance panel turns amber when a system failure has been recorded.
28.00 GENERAL 42 VERSION Cockpit Panels
REFUELING Panel is located on RH Main Landing Gear Fairing.
28.10 FUEL STORAGE 42 VERSION System Description
Fuel is stored in two integral wing tanks formed by the wing spar box between ribs 4 and 22. The centre section spar box located above the
fuselage does not store fuel. Each tank has a capacity of 2,250 kg (4,960 Lbs), for a kerosene density of 0.785, taking into account the thermal
expansion volume.
Each ATR fuel tanks are composed of:
- a feeder tank capacity = 160 kg (353 Lbs),
- a main wing tank which stores the remaining fuel,
- a vent-surge tank capacity = 100 liters (does not store fuel).
The wing upper surface panel is comprised of two sections for each half wing from rib 0 to rib 13 and from rib 13 to rib 23. It can be removed for
inspection and internal repair. Rib 13, located at the wing break, constitutes an anti-surge baffle.
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28.10 FUEL STORAGE 42 VERSION System Description
Both tanks are vented in all flight configurations:
by a vent line routed from rib 5 to rib 22 and provided with a rubber drain,
by a float valve located in the outer wing section.
These two outlets are connected to a vent-surge tank located outboard of the fuel tank between ribs 22 and 23.
MPD Scheduled Check:
Particular attention to the Detailed Inspection of the fuel tank (JIC 28-10-00 DVI 10005/10010) for general condition and installation of all the
components within the fuel tanks.
That inspection must be conducted by specially trained personnel and dedicated tools.
28.10 FUEL STORAGE 42 VERSION Fuel Tanks
LOCATION:
- Water drains
- Access doors.
- Access doors (gravity refueling ports).
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The wing lower surface panel is designed so that any water collects beneath the fuel in the lowest parts of the tanks.
This water is then drained away through manually operated water drains.
Three self-closing water drains per tanks are installed.
They ensure drainage of water from tanks at any aircraft attitude between ±3°.
A water drain is installed at the lowest point of the vent surge tank in order to evacuate water which could freeze up to siphon level in icing
condition and thus prevents tank venting failure.
Three access doors are located on the upper surface at either end of each tank and allow access to essential equipment without removing the
upper surface panel :
- one door is located between rib 4 and 5 (feeder tank access),
- another door is between rib 21 and 22 and is fitted with a gravity refuelling port,
- the door located above the wing centre box compartment (between rib 1 and 2) is the cross feed system access.
CDCCL Item: Particular attention when opening and closing the wing box access doors (JIC 570000 OAC 10000), where all necessary precautions
for performing work in fuel tanks must be taken by specially trained personnel.
CDCCL Item: Particular attention during remove/installation of wing access doors, for the check of conductivity (JIC 05-51-16 CHK 10010).
Gravity refuelling operation is performed through two overwing gravity filling ports installed on the wing upper surface panel access door between
rib 21 and 22.
Each gravity refuelling port includes a support attached to the structure, a cap, and a filter.
The cap is equipped with a locking device which is flush with the wing upper surface.
A ground connection installed near the cap, provides electrical continuity between the refuelling cap and the aircraft structure.
28.40 INDICATING 42 VERSION System Description
Five probes are installed in each tank and electrically connected to Fuel Control Unit (FCU).
Two high level sensors are fitted in each fuel tank in the main tank.
Fuel quantity indicating:
The fuel tank capacity measurement system is such that the figures appear in terms of weight.
The quantities are processed by Fuel Control Unit (FCU) displayed on MFD, EWD and transmit the fuel information to a refuel/defuel panel.
"LO LVL" alert is activated in case of FEEDER TANK NOT FULL detection by 15QT (16QT) probe.
The corresponding electrical pump is automatically activated.
"LO LVL" alert is activated to indicate that the fuel quantity lower than 160 Kg (353 LB) is detected on the corresponding fuel quantity channel. The
corresponding electrical pump is automatically activated.
To control refuel/defuel operations, a refueling panel is located on the forward RH landing gear fairing. Fuel tanker connects the refuel/defuel line
to the fuel coupling located on the RH wing leading edge.
Test pushbutton:
The test pushbutton checks both measurement channels. If the system operates correctly the display shows 8888 code. "LO LVL" amber lights
illuminate and the CCAS is activated.
Magnetic fuel quantity indicators:

Magnetic indicators located on the lower surface of each wing are used to manually determine the fuel quantity when the respective electronic
indicating system is inoperative.
Fuel tank temperature indicator:
A temperature measuring device is a thermistance fitted on probes N°1 located in the LH feeder tank.
The temperature is displayed on the MFD.
28.40 INDICATING 42 VERSION System Operation
The summing of the fuel quantity in a tank is performed by connecting the five probes in parallel.
Five electrical harnesses installed inside the tank, connect the probes to the bulkhead connectors to junction box fuel probes.
CDCCL Item: Particular attention during remove/installation of Fuel quantity Probes (JIC 28-42-72 RAI 10000), High Level Sensors (JIC 28-25-73
RAI 10000) and Harness (JIC 28-42-72 RAI 10010), to methodology and guidelines for securing harnesses on probes and sensors.
It is important to notice that no deviation to the approval design of harnesses and probes is permitted.
The Fuel Control Unit "FCU" is a dual channels unit which processes fuel quantity information for both tanks. The two channels are completely
isolated and have their dedicated power supply. They use temperature information coming from the 15 (16QT) probes located in the feeder tank.
Fuel Control Unit "FCU" is located on forward avionic compartment and a repeater is fitted in the refueling/defueling panel installed in the RH main
landing gear fairing.
Probes 15 (16Q T) give two signals:
- One information gives a compensation capacitance signal for "FCU".
- One information gives a low level signal for MFC. If the FEEDER TANK is not full 10 mn after fuel electrical pump energisation, the MFC
memorises it (Bite loaded magnectic indicator on RH maintenance panel) and sends a signal to Core Avionic Cabinet "CAC". In addition, feeder
tank symbology is displayed in amber on MFD.
The Refuel Control Panel "RCP" is supplied through the ground handling bus (access door open) to allow refuel/defuel operation without
energizing A/C network.
To protect against short circuit on wiring external to the fuel tank, fuse adapters are installed on connector (located on the wing spar) wired to fuel
tank components (on probe 15QT(16QT),151QT (152QT), 12QU(11QU)).
MPD Scheduled Check: A resistance check of the fuses within the adapters (JIC 28-42-72 FUT 10005) permits to verify the drift of the fuses
resistance characteristic overtime. A change in caliber gauge of a fuse can modify the level of protection and the current intensity entering the fuel
tank in case of an external short circuit.
In addition current limiters are installed on high level sensor lines (12QU (11QU); 151 QT (152 QT)), to avoid arcking at the internal contactor level,
when high level is detected.
Note These current limiters are not installed on 15QT and 16QT low level sensors, as they are supplied and limited in current by MFC's.
28.40 INDICATING 42 VERSION Indicator Probes (15QT and 16QT)
LOCATION:
15QT and 16 QT probes are attached to the feeder tank upper surface wall between ribs 4 and 5.
DESCRIPTION:
Fuel mass is measured by five capacitance probes installed in each tank. They are attached to the tank upper surface wall and can be removed
from the outside without emptying the tank.
15 and 16 QT probes are fitted with a feed failure detector for feeder tank boosting. A capacitance and a low level system allow a failure signal to
be sent to corresponding alert systems.
If the fuel pump is selected during 10 mn, and if the fuel feeder tank not full after 15 sec, the electric pump is energized through FQI, and MFC
BITE loaded is activated on RH Maintenance Panel.
A temperature sensor is also installed on 15 and 16 QT probes. It is used to transmit fuel temperature information to the fuel quantity indicators to
convert fuel volume into weight.
This temperature sensor is also used to display on DU's the tank temperature, only on the left side. This information is processed by the Fuel
Control Unit.
The summing of the fuel quantity in a tank is performed by connecting probes in parallel.
probe immersion and in a consequent change in probe capacitance. The quantity is indicated on the Display Units which indicates the fuel mass in
each tank.
28.40 INDICATING 42 VERSION Indicator Probes (17QT and Others)
LOCATION:
Probes are attached to the tank upper surface wall between ribs 5 and 6, ribs 14 and 15 and ribs 20 and 21.
28.40 INDICATING 42 VERSION Indicator Probes (17QT and Others)
DESCRIPTION:
Fuel mass is measured by five capacitance probes installed in each tank. They are attached to the tank upper surface wall.
Five electrical harnesses installed inside each tank, connect the probes to the bulkhead connectors. Any change in fuel quantity results in a
change in probe immersion and a consequent change in probe capacitance.
Probes can be removed without emptying the fuel tanks.
Probes access doors are located on the upper surface panel. The summing of the fuel quantity in a tank is performed by connecting probes in
parallel.
28.40 INDICATING 42 VERSION Fuel Quantity Indicators
The Fuel Control Unit (FCU) is located on the forward avionic bay (204QT).
The fuel quantity system provides the flight crew with information concerning the mass quantity of fuel available in each tank throughout the flight.
This information is displayed on MFD and EWD.
The fuel quantity indicating provides the mass of fuel in each tank. The indications are given in "kg or lbs" according to the aircraft version.
The FCU is a dual channels unit (CPU1 and CPU2) which processes fuel quantity information for both tanks.
The two channels are completely isolated and have their dedicated power supply.
For each channel, a hard pin programming is used to select units (Kg or Lbs) and aircraft version (ATR42 or ATR72).
- It process electrical signal from its associated fuel tanks to compute fuel quantity,
- It provides fuel informations (fuel mass, fuel tank temperature, fuel low level) on A 429 data bus towards avionics for display,
- It communicates with Refueling Control Panel (RCP) via Control Area Network (CAN) data bus for refueling operations.
- It monitors low levels,

- It is able to record fault codes in its non volatile memory. The MPC is used to read and reset FCU memory through ARINC 429.
- Each channel performs self monitoring of its own integrity.
- In addition, it monitors condition of fuel probes, fuel probes harnesses and refuel control panel.
- It compares the fuel quantities provided by both FCU channel is done by Core Avionic Cabinets (CACs) (Core Processing Module "CPM1" and
"CPM2"). In case of a discrepancy greater than 200Kg, "FUEL UNBALANCED" caution is displayed on EWD.
The low level detection is set at 160 kg (353 lbs) for each fuel tank. The low level detection is also activated in case of FEEDER TANK NOT FULL,
detected by 15QT (16QT).
In the event of a "LO LVL" detection, the system:
- First low level is detected by FCU when fuel gauged in one tank is less than 160 kg (353 Lbs). When detected, FCU communicates first low
level condition to avionics for warning display on A429 data bus and activate fuel pump associated to the concerned tank.
- Independent Second low level warning is detected by MFC when feeder tank is not full. This signal is inhibited 10 min on ground (time for
electrical pump to fill up the feeder tank). When detected by MFC, second low level signal is feedback to CAC alerting and to FCU for fuel pump
activation.
- The fuel quantity information is displayed in digital form on the MFD and EWD.
The fuel quantity repeater is located on the refuel/defuel panel. It displays fuel quantity when refuel/defuel panel access door is opened.
- The "FCU" is supplied by 28 VDC ESS BUS.
- The RCP supplied by 28 VDC XFR HANDLING BUS when the refuel/defuel panel access door is open.
If A/C network is not energized, the "FCU" is also supplied by the 28 VDC XFR HANDLING BUS when the access panel is open.
Refuel Control Panel:
- RCP (100QU) is a unit that provides interface with refueling staff. Its main function is to control the refueling valve during manual or automatic
refueling and defueling.
- RCP communicates with FCU via CAN data bus. It receives left and right fuel quantity and high level signal from FCU. It also receives signals
from high level sensors.
- RCP front face features control switches for refueling operation, 3 lines of:
- alphanumeric display for indication of left and right quantity and preselected quantity and
- LEDs for high level and refuel valve status indication.
- A push button on the front face allows testing of display lines and LEDs.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM 42 VERSION System Operation
Automatic refueling operation:

- The refueling panel is located on the RH main landing gear fairing of the aircraft.
- The refuel/defuel coupling is located on the RH wing leading edge of the aircraft:
- During refueling and defueling operations, fire services have to be ready in case of an emergency and fuel safety precautions have to be
applied.
The ground cable is connected to the A/C RH side. The ground connection is located on the RH main landing gear fairing.
Opening of the REFUELING panel door energizes a microswitch allowing electrical supply of the refuel control panel (RCP) and of the FCU from
the GND/HDLG XFR BUS busbar.
This microswitch also ensures simultaneous supply of the GND/HDLG XFR BUS busbar from the HOT BAT BUS busbar if no other power source
is available.
Refuel panel door states is displayed on DU.
The coupling cap is removed and the refuel hose is connected.
Before starting the refueling operation, the REFUELING/FQI TEST must be performed to test the lines of display and the led's.
Make certain that the refuel/defuel valves switches are in "norm" and guarded position.
Use the "Increase/decrease" switch to select fuel quantity to be refuelled during automatic refuling.
REFUEL position is selected on the three position REFUEL/OFF/ DEFUEL switch.
Refueling starts when the pressure has been built up by the tanker and the refuel load is displayed on the tanker indicator.
It opens the refuel/defuel valves and the blue indicator LEDs illuminates.
AUTOMATIC REFUELING IS IN PROGRESS...
Each tank has a capacity of 2,250 kg (4,950 lbs) ( for a density of 0.785).
A complete refueling (4,500 kg = 5,732 liters) takes about 17 minutes (maximum inlet pressure = 50 PSI (3.5 bars).
When fuel quantity gauged by Fuel Control Unit (FCU) reached 3,000Kg , FCU sent a signal of high level to Refueling Control Panel which closes
refuel/defuel valve (first safety device).
The refuel/defuel valve indicator blue LEDs extinguish.
If this first safety device does not operate, and when fuel reaches the high level sensor located in each tank, a signal is sent to RCP which controls
the closing of the refuel/defuel valves and illuminates the HIGH LEVEL indicator LED on its front face (second safety device).
The mode selector switch must be set to OFF after refuelling is complete.
Refueling and defueling operation can be done manually. For example, manual defueling operation is as follows.
- The refuel/defuel valves are open for defueling operation
by placing the refuel/defuel switch in the DEFUEL position
and the refuel valves switches in the OPEN position.
The refuel/defuel valve indicator blue LED's illuminate. The two safety devices are inhibited.
MANUAL DEFUELING IS IN PROGRESS...
- When the defueling operation is finished, the refuel/defuel switch is reset to the OFF position,
and the refuel valves switches are reset to the NORM position.
The refuel/defuel valve indicator blue lights extinguish.
The refueling hose is disconnected from the refuel/defuel coupling and the refuel coupling cap is closed.
The refueling panel access door is closed and the ground panel cable is disconnected.
REFUELING/DEFUELING SEQUENCE COMPLETED.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM 42 VERSION Refuel and Defuel Valve
LOCATION:
The refuel/defuel assembly is installed in a dry bay which is drained so that any fuel leakage cannot run to the engine inside the leading edge.
Access is gained through an access door in the RH wing leading edge.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM 42 VERSION Refuel and Defuel Valve
Each 28VDC refuel/defuel valve is equipped with a metal ring located under the electrical connection. The element called manual override enables
the valves to be operated manually, in the event of an electrical control failure.
Two restrictors located at the valve outlet allow fuel flow in the circuits to be balanced for simultaneous filling of tanks. Fuel through the lines is
admitted into the tanks at the tank low points.
Diffusers are located at the end of the two filling lines to limit formation of foam and vapor.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM 42 VERSION High Level Sensor
LOCATION:
Two float type high level sensors are installed:
- on probe 12 QU (11 QU, for each RH and LH outer tank) which is located between ribs 19 and 20.
- on probe 152 QT (151 QT, for each RH and LH inner tank) which is located between ribs 9 and 10.
Access to HIGH LEVEL SENSORS is gained from wing upper surface panel.
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM 42 VERSION High Level Sensor
When the fuel reaches the maximum fuel quantity value and the refueling does not stop, the high level sensors, as a safety device, send an
electrical signal to the FCU to close the refueling valves.
The associated high level amber light illuminates on the refueling panel.
28.CI CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 42 VERSION Refuel and Defuel Panel
The test pushbutton switch which serves to test the lines of display and the LEDs.
MODE SELECTOR SWITCH:
Controls the operating mode for automatic fueling and the activation of refuel valves switches for manual operation.
OFF: Refuel valves are closed, switches are not activated.
REFUEL: Refuel valves may be operated by auto refueling logic (refuel valves switches on NORM) or manual refueling operation.
DEFUEL: Refuel valves may be operated by manual defueling operation. With the mode selector in DEFUEL position, and the refuel valves in
OPEN position, all level protections are inhibited.
HIGH LEVEL LED:
The LED illuminates amber when the associated high level sensor is submerged (maximum refueling quantity reached). The corresponding refuel
MX28.CI_.02.I1L2 Copyright © 2011-2012 - ATR Training Centre - All right reserved For Training Only Page 205
28.CI CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 42 VERSION Refuel and Defuel Panel
valve closes automatically.
REFUEL VALVES POSITION LED:
The LED illuminate blue when the refuel valves are open during the refueling. They extinguish during the fuel circuit test, indicating the valves are
closed.
REFUEL VALVES SWITCHES:
Control the operation of the valves for each tank. They are kept at NORM position.
NORM: Valves are controlled by automatic fueling logic, depending on position of the mode selector switch and quantity preselection. Valves close
automatically when high level is detected.
OPEN: Valves open when the mode selector switch is in the refuel or defuel position and the high level sensor is not submerged.
SHUT: Valves close regardless of the mode selector switch position.
MAIN L/G LT:
This switch controls the main landing gear bay light.
FUEL QTY INDICATOR:
Two alphanumeric lines display left and right fuel quantity.
SELECTED QTY INDICATOR:
An increase/decrease switch to select fuel quantity to be refueling during automatic refueling.
MX28.CI_.02.I1L2 Copyright © 2011-2012 - ATR Training Centre - All right reserved For Training Only Page 206
Table of contents
28.00 GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2
Presentation .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2
Cockpit Panels .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

8
Cockpit Display ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

10
Interfaces ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
16
Exercises ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
18
28.10 FUEL STORAGE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

25
System Description ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

25
Exercises ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
27
Fuel Tanks ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

29
Fuel Ventilation Description .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

33
28.20 DISTRIBUTION .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

38

38
System Operation ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

41
Exercises ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
48
Exercises Level 2 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

50
Electrical Pump ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

52
Feeder Jet Pump .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

57
Engine Feed jet Pump .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

61
Motive Flow Valve ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

64
Relief Valve ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

66
LP Shut off Valve .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
69
Cross Feed Valve ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

73
LP Pressure Switches ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

77
Electric Pump Auto Control Pressure Switch ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................

80
28.40 INDICATING .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

82

82

84
Exercises ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
88
Exercises Level 2 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

91
Indicator Probes (15QT and 16QT) .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

94
Indicator Probes (17QT and Others) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

97
Fuel Quantity Indicators ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

100
Dipsticks and Clinometer .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

106
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

110

110

111
Exercises ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
118
Exercises Level 2 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

119
Refuel and Defuel Valve ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

123
High Level Sensor ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

126
Gravity Refuel Cap ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

128
Refueling Electrical Control Panel ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

130
28.CI CONTROLS AND INDICATORS ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

134
Fuel Panel ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
134
Refueling and Defueling Panel ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

142
28.REV SYSTEM REVISIONS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

145
System Normal Operation ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

145
Fuel Emergency Abnormal Operation ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................

147
28.00 GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

155
Safety and Precautions ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

155
Maintenance Operations ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

162
28.00 GENERAL 42 VERSION .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

163
Presentation .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
163
Cockpit Panels .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

169
28.10 FUEL STORAGE 42 VERSION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

171

171
Fuel Tanks ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

173
28.40 INDICATING 42 VERSION ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

177

177

180
Indicator Probes (15QT and 16QT) .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

184
Indicator Probes (17QT and Others) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

187
Fuel Quantity Indicators ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

189
28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM 42 VERSION ..................................................................................................................................................................................................

195

195
Refuel and Defuel Valve ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

201
High Level Sensor ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
203
28.CI CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 42 VERSION .....................................................................................................................................................................................................

205
Refuel and Defuel Panel ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

205

Ata 28 Fuel

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Ata 28 Fuel

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ATA 28 FUEL

The ATR Fuel system is composed of the following systems:

The FUEL panel is located on the overhead panel.

REFUELING Panel is located on RH Main Landing Gear Fairing.

Fuel Quantity Indication

Fuel Pump Indication

Fuel Low Pressure Valve Indication

Fuel Cross-Feed "X Feed" Indication

Feed Low Press Indication

Fuel system is composed of:

The wing centre box has its own venting system.

- a low pressure shut-off valve,

The aircraft is energized and both engines are not running.

When a feeder tank not full is detected, the system :

- monitors low levels,

The fuel/defuel system serves to:

Automatic refueling operation:

Fuel Pump Indication:

Fuel Low Pressure Valve:

Fuel Cross Feed:

TEST PUSHBUTTON SWITCH :

FUEL QTY INDICATOR :

Procedure ENG1 FIRE

Procedure ENG1 FEED LOW PR

Procedure FUEL LO LVL

Procedure X-FEED operation:

Presence of safety personnel during fuel operations.

The ATR Fuel system is composed of the following systems:

The FUEL panel is located on the overhead panel.

REFUELING Panel is located on RH Main Landing Gear Fairing.

Magnetic fuel quantity indicators:

- It monitors low levels,

Automatic refueling operation:

28.00 GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Cockpit Panels .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Cockpit Display ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

28.10 FUEL STORAGE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

System Description ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Fuel Tanks ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Fuel Ventilation Description .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

28.20 DISTRIBUTION .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

System Description ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

System Operation ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Exercises Level 2 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Electrical Pump ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Feeder Jet Pump .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Engine Feed jet Pump .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Motive Flow Valve ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Relief Valve ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Cross Feed Valve ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

LP Pressure Switches ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Electric Pump Auto Control Pressure Switch ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................

28.40 INDICATING .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

System Description ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

System Operation ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Exercises Level 2 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Indicator Probes (15QT and 16QT) .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Indicator Probes (17QT and Others) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Fuel Quantity Indicators ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Dipsticks and Clinometer .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

28.25 REFUEL AND DEFUEL SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

System Description ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

System Operation ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................