Karthik and Suhaas Mini Project 2 Report

MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN - 573202
An Autonomous Institution, under the auspices of MTES®, Hassan

Recognized by UGC, AICTE, New Delhi
Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi
MINI PROJECT-2 REPORT on
Corner Welding Vise
Submitted by
KARTHIK N P (4MC17IP014)
SUHAAS SINGH T (4MC19IP409)
Under the guidance of
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

B.E. in Industrial and Production Engineering Program NBA Accredited under Tier
I Institutions 2021-2022
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN- 573202
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify Mr. KARTHIK N P (USN: 4MC17IP014) & Mr. SUHAAS SINGH T
(USN: 4MC19IP409) has satisfactorily completed the Mini Project-2 (Code: 18IP706)
on Corner Welding Vise prescribed by the Department of Industrial and Production
Engineering of Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, affiliated to Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi for 7th semester, Bachelor of Engineering degree in
Industrial and Production Engineering Program during the academic year 2021-2022.
Guide Head of the Department
xxxxxxxx Dr. Srinath M S

Assistant Professor Professor and HOD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompanies the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible, whose constant
guidance and encouragement endowed our efforts with success.
I solemnly express our sincere gratitude to Mr xxxxx, Assistant professor and my guide
from Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Malnad college of
engineering, Hassan for providing me an opportunity and guidance to carry out this Mini
Project -II work at their esteemed organization.
I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. M. S. Srinath, Professor & HOD, Department of

Industrial and Production Engineering. For guiding me and also granting me to do Mini
Project-II .
I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. C.V. Venkatesh, Principal, Malnad College
of Engineering, Hassan for providing me congenial environment to work.
Finally, in this endeavour, I would like to thank my parents, all faculty & staff and
wellwishers for their good wishes and support.
KARTHIK N P (4MC17IP014)
SUHAAS SINGH T (4MC19IP409)
Rotary Shearing Machine
ABSTRACT
This mini project is fabrication of a corner welding vise. With the help
of machining processes like cutting, drilling, threading, welding
processes this project is accomplished. The tools and technology used in
project are drilling machine, cutting machine, threading tools, welding
machine and for finishing of the surface use of a grinding machine. The
purpose of this vise is for holding two rods at exact 90 degree and weld
it. A vise is a mechanical setup to hold an object in a place to do the
project on work on it. It has many specific components starting with
fixed front jaw with a large base plate, with movable back jaw which is
threaded by screw and thread. This corner welding vise is also called as
angle vise due its exact right angle. The applied skills engineering
knowledge for fabrication of this angle vise is itself a pioneering work
done in its field.
COMPONENTS
1. Front Jaw
2. Back Jaw
3. Screw rod
4. Hexagon nut
5. Screw
6. Handle lever.

Page 4
CHAPTER CHAPTER NAME PAGE

NO
NO
1 1. INTRODUCTION.
2 2. LITRETURE REVIEW.
3 3. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS.
4 4.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.
5 5.1 CONCLUSION.
6 6.1 BIBILOGRAPHY.

Page 5
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
Sl. No. NAME OF FIGURE
1 BENCH VISE
2 JOSEF HEUR DESIGNING BENCH VISE
3 DRAWING OF COMPONENTS THROUGH CAD
SOFTWARE
4 MANUAL COMPONENT DRAWING
5 METAL CUTTING
6 MATERIAL AFTER CUTTING
7 MILLING OPERATION
8 DRILLING OPERATION
9 LATHE OPERATION
10 WELDING OPERATION
11 GRINDING OPERATION
12 CORNER WELDING V

Page 6
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
An engineer's vise, also known as a metalworking vise or machinist's

vise, is used to clamp metal instead of wood. It is used to hold metal
when filing or cutting. It is sometimes made of cast steel or malleable
cast iron, but most are made of cast iron. However, most heavy-duty
vises are 55,000 psi cast steel or 65,000 psi ductile iron. Some vises
have a cast iron body but a steel channel bar. Cast iron is popular
because it is typically 30,000 psi grey iron which is rigid, strong and
inexpensive. The jaws are often separate and replaceable, usually
engraved with serrated or diamond teeth. Soft jaw covers made of
aluminum, copper, wood (for woodworking) or plastic may be used to
protect delicate work. The jaw opening of an engineer's vise is almost
always the same size as the jaw width, if not bigger.
An engineer's vise is bolted onto the top surface of a workbench, with
the face of the fixed jaws just forward of its front edge. The vise may
include other features such as a small anvil on the back of its body.
Most engineer's vises have a swivel base. Some engineer's vises
marketed as "Homeowner Grade" are not made of steel or cast iron, but

Page 7
of pot metal or a very low grade of iron, typically with a tensile strength
of under 10 ksi. Most homeowner's bench vises have an exposed screw.
.
FIGURE 1. BENCH VISE
HISTORY-An indispensable tool and its origin.

Page 8
In the time of the distant past, whoever came upon the idea of fixing
items to be worked on in such a way that they would not move under the
pressure of sawing, filing and boring, is unknown. The surprising fact is
that today in the computer age, the vice as a purely mechanical tool is
indispensable; and no workshop crammed with electronic devices can
do without it. A decisive step in the development of this indispensable
tool into its present form was the replacement of clamping techniques
using wedge and hammer by clamps with threads in the middle ages.
The disadvantage: the moving jaws could only be guided radially so that
the clamped items would more less tilt. It was only with the introduction
of the parallel vice in 1750 on which the movable jaws were guided on
horizontal adjustable slots that a breakthrough was made to the optimal
application. In 1830 in England the first cast iron vice was produced.
Liquid iron could be transformed into any shape easily. When pouring,
air pockets often occurred within the cast, so-called cavities. The
structure was therefore porous and brittle. The result:
Insufficient resistance for harder tasks, causing breakage. For this
reason, for example, parts vital for safety in the car industry and high-
grade unbreakable vices are made of steel. The structure of the steel is
made homogeneous through forging. With the introduction of the
jackhammer with its heavy hammering capability and the use of forges
with strict tolerances, the problem of accurate shaping was solved.

Page 9
FIGURE 2. JOSEF HEUR DESINING BENCH VISE
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this section the various modification and development in vise

technology are mentioned.
Anuchandran et al [1] proposed automatic machine vice to hold the

work piece and release the work piece after completing the machining
process. The device was Design and Analysis of Modular Fixture for
Machine Vice 3 controlled by microcontroller which was self-
programmed. In this set up sensor is used to identify the job and the
signal is fed to the microcontroller as result the jaw holds the job. This
type of vice completely reduces the human effort.

Page 10
M.S. Kadam et al [2] proposed a Bench vice or fixture may be a

production tool. The most aim is to find, support and fix the work firmly
thus we are able to perform the specified machining operations. Feeler
or thickness gauges and set blocks also are accustomed give reference
of the cutter with the work piece. A bench vice should be simply fixed
with the machine and therefore the table. As a result, the work is done.
It is used for the opposite operations on most of the quality machining
tools like drilling machine. Bench Vices square measure out there in
numerous size and shapes starting from low cost and straightforward
devices to terribly high-ticket and sophisticated devices. Bench Vices
may facilitate to change the formation operations that square measure
performed on the special instrumentation. Considering the benefits of
fixture and jigs, a fixture was designed to cater to our desires. we tend
to square measure reaching to style a piece device which can} be able
to hold the work piece in any direction. The one-part bottom assembly
is absolving to rotate and alternative a part of bottom assembly mounted
to bench. This kind of assembly can assist to high assembly that consist
jaws. These jaws square measure likewise pipe vice bench vice. Lead
screw is provided for engagement & disengagement of the jaws.
In line with Kibbe, R.R [3], drilling holes is one of the most basic of
machining operations this is very regularly carried out by using
machinist. Metal cutting calls for extensive pressure of feed on the slicing
side. A drill press gives the vital feed stress either by means of hand or
electricity pressure. The primary use of the drill press is to drill holes, but
it can be used for other operations together with countersinking, counter
boring, spot facing, reaming, and tapping, which are processes that
modify the drilled hole.

Page 11
CHAPTER 3
EXPERIMENT DETAILS
Designing of the corner welding vise
Mechanical design is to design parts, components, products, or systems of

mechanical nature. For example, designs of various machine elements such as
shafts, bearings, clutches, gears, and fasteners fall into the scope of mechanical
design. Numerous criteria have been proposed in mechanical design processes,
some primary design criteria include functions, reliability, manufacturability,
weight, size, wear, maintenance, and liability.
So, in this mini project we concentrate on initial step of designing and
dimensioning of the components needed to manufacture, thorough putting down
a component drawing. By application of engineering skills of drawing we put
down the drawing of components each with the necessary dimensioning.
Page 12
FIGURE 3 Drawing of components thorough CAD software
FIGURE 4 Manual component drawing
Page 13
Accessing of Raw Materials- Mild Steel
Now to the processing of the materials we have taken Mild Steel Plates. Mild
steel is a type of carbon steel with a low amount of carbon – it is actually also
known as “low carbon steel.” Although ranges vary depending on the source,
the amount of carbon typically found in mild steel is 0.05% to 0.25% by weight,
whereas higher carbon steels are typically described as having a carbon content
from 0.30% to 2.0%. If any more carbon than that is added, the steel would be
classified as cast iron.
Mild steel is not an alloy steel and therefore does not contain large amounts of
other elements besides iron; you will not find vast amounts of chromium,
molybdenum, or other alloying elements in mild steel. Since its carbon and
alloying element content are relatively low, there are several properties it has
that differentiate it from higher carbon and alloy steels.
Less carbon means that mild steel is typically more ductile, machinable, and
weldable than high carbon and other steels, however, it also means it is nearly
impossible to harden and strengthen through heating and quenching. The low
carbon content also means it has very little carbon and other alloying elements
to block dislocations in its crystal structure, generally resulting in less tensile
strength than high carbon and alloy steels. Mild steel also has a high amount
iron and ferrite, making it magnetic.
The lack of alloying elements such as those found in stainless steels means that
the iron in mild steel is subject to oxidation (rust) if not properly coated. But the
negligible amount of alloying elements also helps mild steel to be relatively
affordable when compared with other steels. It is the affordability, weldability,
and machinability that make it such a popular choice of steel for consumers.
Mild steel is made similar to how other carbon steels are made. A common way
this is done involves a combination of iron ore and coal. Once the coal and iron
ore are extracted from the earth, they are melted together in a blast furnace. Once
Page 14
melted, the mixture is moved to another furnace to burn off any impurities that
they may have, as well as to make any other adjustments to the mild steel’s
chemical composition. Following that, the steel is allowed to solidify into a
rectangular shape.
MACHINING PROCESSES
METAL CUTTING CUT-OF SAW
FIGURE 5 Metal cutting
A cut-off saw or chop saw, is a circular saw which is typically used to cut hard
materials, such as metals, tile, and concrete. The cutting action is performed by
an abrasive disc, similar to a thin grinding wheel. Technically speaking this is
not a saw, as it does not use regularly shaped edges (teeth) for cutting. Since
their introduction, portable cut-off saws have made many building site jobs
easier. Abrasive saws have replaced more expensive and hazardous acetylene
torches in many applications, such as cutting SS metals. In addition, these saws
allow construction workers to cut through concrete, asphalt, and pipe on job sites
in a more precise manner than is possible with heavy equipment.
Page 15
FIGURE 6 Material after cutting
MILLING (VERTICAL MILLING)
Now to get an even surface of the material we have process it under a milling
machine.
Milling is the most common form of machining, a material removal process,

which can create a variety of features on a part by cutting away the unwanted
material. The milling process requires a milling machine, workpiece, fixture,
and cutter. The workpiece is a piece of pre-shaped material that is secured to the
fixture, which itself is attached to a platform inside the milling machine. The
cutter is a cutting tool with sharp teeth that is also secured in the milling machine
and rotates at high speeds. By feeding the workpiece into the rotating cutter,
material is cut away from this workpiece in the form of small chips to create the
desired shape.Milling is typically used to produce parts that are not axially
symmetric and have many features, such as holes, slots, pockets, and even three-
dimensional surface contours. Parts that are fabricated completely through
milling often include components that are used in limited quantities, perhaps for
Page 16
prototypes, such as custom designed fasteners or brackets. Another application

of milling is the fabrication of tooling for other processes. For example, three-
dimensional molds are typically milled. Milling is also commonly used as a
secondary process to add or refine features on parts that were manufactured
using a different process. Due to the high tolerances and surface finishes that
milling can offer, it is ideal for adding precision features to a part whose basic
shape has already been formed.
FIGURE 7 Milling operation
DRILLING
Now for the back jaw of the vise to in the screw rod a drill has to be made of the
drilling machine. Drilling is a material-removing or cutting process in which the
tool uses a drill bit to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials
Page 17
. A drilling machine is used to form a hole of different sizes on a job, drilling is

a metal removing process, by a drilling machine you can do drilling operation,
reaming operation and boring operation.
FIGURE 8 Drilling operation
It is to be ensured and the necessary precautions should be taken such that the
only the required diameter of drill must be taken and made a hole of smooth
inner surface of the hole.
Page 18
TURNING-FACING, AND COUNTERSINKING
The end of the screw rod where it enters to drill hole is turned out a few
dimensions of metal in order to fit it back vise get a fixed nut on top of it such it
rotates in its place. Turning is a form of machining, a material removal process,
which is used to create rotational parts by cutting away unwanted material. The
turning process requires a turning machine or lathe, workpiece, fixture, and
cutting tool. The workpiece is a piece of pre-shaped material that is secured to
the fixture, which itself is attached to the turning machine, and allowed to rotate
at high speeds. The cutter is typically a single-point cutting tool that is also
secured in the machine, although some operations make use of multi-point tools.
The cutting tool feeds into the rotating workpiece and cuts away material in the
form of small chips to create the desired shape.Turning is used to produce
rotational, typically axi-symmetric, parts that have many features, such as holes,
grooves, threads, tapers, various diameter steps, and even contoured surfaces.
Parts that are fabricated completely through turning often include components
that are used in limited quantities, perhaps for prototypes, such as custom
designed shafts and fasteners. Turning is also commonly used as a secondary
process to add or refine features on parts that were manufactured using a
different process. Due to the high tolerances and surface finishes that turning
can offer, it is ideal for adding precision rotational features to a part whose basic
shape has already been formed.
Page 19
FIGURE 9 Lathe operation
WELDING-Electric Arc welding
Later the components of the vise or to weld together by electric arc welding. The
definition of arc welding is a welding process which is used for welding the
metals with the help of electricity to generate sufficient heat for softening the
metal, as well as when the softened metal is cooled then the metals will be
welded. This kind of welding uses a power supply to make an arc among a metal
stick & the base material to soften the metals at the end of the contact. The
working principle of arc winding is, in a welding process the heat can be
generated with an electric arc strike among the workpiece as well as an
electrode. This is glowing electrical discharge among two electrodes throughout
ionized gas.
Page 20
FIGURE 10 Welding
GRINDING
After welding the surface layer and the extra metal is to be taken out by a grinder.
Grinding is a material removal and surface generation process used to shape and
finish components made of metals and other materials. The precision and
surface finish obtained through grinding can be up to ten times better than with
either turning or milling. Grinding employs an abrasive product, usually a
rotating wheel brought into controlled contact with a work surface. The grinding
wheel is composed of abrasive grains held together in a binder. These abrasive
grains act as cutting tools, removing tiny chips of material from the work. As
these abrasive grains wear and become dull, the added resistance leads to
fracture of the grains or weakening of their bond. The dull pieces break away,
revealing sharp new grains that continue cutting.
Page 21
FIGURE 11 GRINDING
CHAPTER 4-RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Finally, we get to know about the all the mechanical knowledge, skills used and
machining processes, which can be used to design, fabricate, manufacture a
industrial product. To discuss about the project, it is an output of a good and
dedicated work of a project with perfect execution and skilful job of knowledge.
With application of all the skills its possible to give an output of a quality
product.
Page 22
FIGURE 12 Corner welding vise
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Gives a firm hold on material Holds only at 90-degree angle

• Gives exact right-angle Functions are limited
Page 23
CHAPTER 5- CONCLUSION
A vise, a common mechanical device that is used to hold a workpiece stationary,

is an integral tool in many woodworking, metalworking, and other
manufacturing applications. In concluding the part of this project, we conclude
that in all area of engineering core courses in respect to every field of study, the
knowledge and application into practical uses are of many places.
Page 24
REFERENCE
Rip publications: https://www.ripublication.com/ijipet18/ijipetv8n1_01.pdf
Machine Drawing – K.L. Narayana, P. Kannaiah, K. Venkata Reddy, 2006, 3rd

Edition, New Age International. ISBN (13): 978-81-224-2518-5
Page 25

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MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN - 573202

An Autonomous Institution, under the auspices of MTES®, Hassan

MINI PROJECT-2 REPORT on

Corner Welding Vise

Under the guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

Guide Head of the Department

xxxxxxxx Dr. Srinath M S

I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. M. S. Srinath, Professor & HOD, Department of

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

CHAPTER CHAPTER NAME PAGE

4 4.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

Sl. No. NAME OF FIGURE

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

An engineer's vise, also known as a metalworking vise or machinist's

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

FIGURE 1. BENCH VISE

HISTORY-An indispensable tool and its origin.

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

FIGURE 2. JOSEF HEUR DESINING BENCH VISE

In this section the various modification and development in vise

Anuchandran et al [1] proposed automatic machine vice to hold the

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

M.S. Kadam et al [2] proposed a Bench vice or fixture may be a

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

Mechanical design is to design parts, components, products, or systems of

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

FIGURE 3 Drawing of components thorough CAD software

FIGURE 4 Manual component drawing

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

Accessing of Raw Materials- Mild Steel

METAL CUTTING CUT-OF SAW

FIGURE 5 Metal cutting

FIGURE 6 Material after cutting

MILLING (VERTICAL MILLING)

Milling is the most common form of machining, a material removal process,

prototypes, such as custom designed fasteners or brackets. Another application

FIGURE 7 Milling operation

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

. A drilling machine is used to form a hole of different sizes on a job, drilling is

FIGURE 8 Drilling operation

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

TURNING-FACING, AND COUNTERSINKING

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

FIGURE 9 Lathe operation

WELDING-Electric Arc welding

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

CHAPTER 4-RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

FIGURE 12 Corner welding vise

• Gives a firm hold on material Holds only at 90-degree angle

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

A vise, a common mechanical device that is used to hold a workpiece stationary,

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

Machine Drawing – K.L. Narayana, P. Kannaiah, K. Venkata Reddy, 2006, 3rd

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

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