ZOOM

Technologies

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Cisco Certification Path ZOOM

Technologies

CCIE

CCNP

CCNA

CCENT

CCIE : Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert

CCNP : Cisco Certified Network Professional

CCNA : Cisco Certified Network Associate

CCENT : Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician

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CCNP Module ZOOM
Technologies

• ROUTE (642-902)
– Implementing Cisco IP Routing
• SWITCH (642-812)
– Implementing Cisco IP Switched Networks
• TSHOOT (642-832)
– Troubleshooting and Maintaining Cisco IP Networks

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IP Addressing
ZOOM
Technologies

• Two Versions of Addressing Scheme

• IP version 4 – 32 bit addressing

• IP version 6 – 128 bit addressing

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IPv4
ZOOM
Technologies

• Total IPv4 Addressing Scheme is divided

into 5 Classes

• CLASS A

• CLASS B LAN & WAN – Unicast

• CLASS C

• CLASS D Multicasting

• CLASS E Research & Development

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IPv4
ZOOM
Technologies

Octet Subnet Cisco /

Class Range
Format Mask Notation

0.0.0.0 to
Class A N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0 /8
127.255.255.255

128.0.0.0 to 255.255.0.0
Class B N.N.H.H /16
191.255.255.255

192.0.0.0 to
Class C N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0 /24
223.255.255.255

224.0.0.0 to
Class D N/A N/A N/A
239.255.255.255

240.0.0.0 to
Class E N/A N/A N/A
255.255.255.255

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What is Router ? ZOOM
Technologies

• Router is a internetworking Device.

• It routes the packet from one logical network to other

logical network

• It have two main role.

– Switch of packet from inbound interface to outbound

interface.

– Determination of best path towards destination.

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Cisco hierarchical design ZOOM

Technologies

• Core Layer

• Distribution Layer

• Access Layer

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Cisco hierarchical design ZOOM
Technologies

Core Layer

Distribution
Layer
D G

Access
I J K Layer L M N

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Routing ZOOM
Technologies

• Switching of packet from inbound interface to

outbound interface based on routing table

• Routing is enabled by default

To enable or disable IP Routing

Router(config)# [no] ip routing

E0 E1

192.168.0.0/24 192.168.1.0/24

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Type of Routing Protocol ZOOM
Technologies

• Static Routing

• Dynamic Routing

• Default Routing

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Static Routing ZOOM

Technologies

• Manually configured by Administrator

• Administrative distance is 1

• Destination network should be known

• Routing based on next hop IP address or exit

interface

• Secure and fast

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Static Routing Configuration ZOOM
Technologies

S1
S0
R1 10.0.1.1/30
10.0.1.2/30 R2
E0 E0

192.168.0.0/24 192.168.1.128/26

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Static Default Route ZOOM

Technologies

• Static default route will be used for unknown

destination or for all destination.

• It is used for Internet.

• It can be also used on Stub router.

• It is last preferred route in routing table.

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Static Default configuration. ZOOM
Technologies

S1
Internet
ISP
R1 201.1.51.42/29 201.1.51.41/29
E0

192.168.0.0/24

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Static & Default Example ZOOM

Technologies

A S0
E0
S1
192.168.1.0/24
ISP Internet
S2 C S0
E0

192.168.3.0/24
S0
B
E0

192.168.2.0/24

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Static & Default Route configuration ZOOM
Technologies

A S0 Internet
ISP
E0
S1
192.168.1.0/24 S0
C B
E0 E0
192.168.2.1/24 192.168.2.2/24

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Dynamic Routing Protocol ZOOM

Technologies

• Dynamic routing protocols, exchange routing

information with the neighbors and build the routing
table automatically

• Administrator need to advertise only the directly

connected networks

• Any changes in the network topology are

automatically updated

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Classification of Routing Protocol ZOOM
Technologies

• Classfull Routing Protocol

– Routing protocol which doesn’t Carry subnet mask

in Routing updates.

– Eg. RIP, IGRP.

• Classless Routing Protocol

– Routing Protocols which carry subnet mask

information in routing update

– Eg. RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, ISIS, BGPv4

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Summarization ZOOM
Technologies

• Combining the contagious address into one and

advertising to neighbor Router

Advantages

– Minimizing the routing table entries

– Less use of resources like memory, processor,

bandwidth

– Less number of updates

• There are two type of Summarization

– Auto summary

– Manual summary

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Auto Summary ZOOM
Technologies

• Also known as “automatic summarization at network

boundary”

• Subnet at major network boundary will be

summarized into classfull updates

• Classfull routing protocol does auto summary by

default and it cant be turn off

• Routing protocol like RIPv2, EIGRP, BGPv4 support

auto summary

• Link state routing protocol i.e. OSPF and ISIS doesn’t

support auto summary

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Auto Summary ZOOM

Technologies

10.10.0.0/16 192.168.20.0/24 172.16.1.0/24

10.20.0.0/16 S0 172.16.0.0/16
10.0.0.0/8 S0 172.16.0.0/16
10.0.0.0/8 S0 172.16.1.0/24
10.10.0.0/16 S1192.168.20.0/24
192.168.20.0/24 192.168.20.0/24
192.168.20.0/24 172.16.2.0/24
A B S1 C S1 D

10.20.0.0/16 172.16.2.0/24

Routing table of A Routing table of B Routing table of C Routing table of D

Networks
Networks Int
Int Networks Int Networks Int Networks Int

10.20.0.0/16
10.20.0.0/16 E0
E0 192.168.20.0/24 S0 172.16.1.0/24 S0 172.16.2.0/24 E0

10.10.0.0/16
10.10.0.0/16 S0
S0 10.10.0.0/16 S1 192.168.20.0/24 S1 172.16.1.0/24 S1

192.168.20.0/24 S0 10.20.0.0/16 S1 10.0.0.0/8 S1 10.0.0.0/8 S1

172.16.0.0/16 S0 172.16.0.0/16 S0 172.16.2.0/24 S0 192.168.20.0/24 S1

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Problem of Auto Summary in discontiguous Subnets ZOOM
Technologies

To enable or disable auto summary

Router(config-router)# [no] auto-summary

10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8
A C

10.20.0.0/16 10.10.0.0/16
S1 S0
B

192.168.0.0/24
Routing table of B

Networks Int

10.0.0.0/8 S0

10.0.0.0/8 S1

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Manual summary ZOOM

Technologies

• Administrator manually configures Summarization

• Summary address contains networks in 2n subnets

(FLSM)

• It is supported by all classless routing protocols

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Manual Summary ZOOM
Technologies

10.10.1.0/24
10.10.2.0/24
10.10.3.0/24
D G

10.10.1.0/24 10.10.2.0/24 10.10.3.0/24

I J K L M N

10.10.1.0/24 10.10.2.0/24 10.10.3.0/24 10.20.1.0/24 10.20.2.0/24 10.20.3.0/24

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