Practical Research 1

UNIT I: NATURE OF INQUIRY AND
RESEARCH 1
Lesson 1 The Importance of Research in Daily Life
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
a. share research experiences and knowledge; and
b. explain the importance of research in daily life.
What’s in?
You learned in junior high school that research is important because it is used in your
daily life. It will enable you to inquire and conduct research in order to solve problems,
particularly in real-life situations. Sharing your research experiences and knowledge strengthens
your ability to think critically and apply it to all of your decisions.
Specifically, at the end of this module, you should be able to explain the importance
of research in daily life.
Mind Map
Directions: Draw a mind map about your insights or knowledge in doing research. Follow the instructions
below.
1. Start at the center of a long bond paper turned sideways. (You have the freedom to spread
out in all directions and to express it more freely and naturally.)
2. Use colors throughout. (Colors add extra vibrancy and life to your mind map.)
3. Use an image or picture for your central idea.
4. Connect your main branches to the central image and connect your second-and third-level
branches to the first and second levels. (Link two to three things/ideas together. If you
connect the branches, you will understand and remember a lot more easily.)
5. Make your branches curved rather than straight-lined.
6. Use one keyword per line.
7. Use images throughout. (Image is also worth a thousand words.) Your output will be assessed
using the rubrics.
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This module is exclusive to Mother Theresa Colegio Group of Schools only.
Definition of Research
Over the years, many experts have given their definition of the word “research.” Different perspectives
on the subject have been adopted that resulted in the following definitions:
The research follows a step-by-step process of investigation that uses a standardized

approach to answer questions or solving problems (Polit & Beck, 2004).
Research plays an important role in tertiary education. Though there are many
problems confronted by higher education, developments are realized through research.
After all its main purpose is to answer a question or to solve an issue (Palispis, 2004).
Research is a continuous undertaking of making known the unknown (Sachez, 2002).
Research is an investigation following ordered steps leading to a discovery of new
information or concepts (Sanchez, 1999).
Research is a very careful investigation of something that purports the contribution of
additional or new knowledge and wisdom (Basseyy, as cited by Coleman & Briggs,
2002).
Research is a tested approach of thinking and employing validated instruments and
steps in order to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem that is otherwise
impossible to address under ordinary means (Crawford, as cited by Alcantara & Espina,
1995).
Nature of Inquiry. (Lichman, G.,2013)

1. Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”. It is a problem-solving
technique.
2. The information and data pursued through questioning begin with gathering by applying the
different human senses.
3. Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till death.
4. Inquiry is synonymous with the word investigation.
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IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
1. Research provides a scientific basis for any practice or methodology in any field or discipline.
2. Research is undertaken for continuous development and further productivity in any field.
3. Research helps develop tools for assessing the effectiveness of any practice and operation such
as psychological tests, intelligence quotient tests, and psychological assessments, among others.
4. Research provides solutions to problems concerning at most all issues encountered in the different
areas of work.
5. Research impacts decision-making.
6. Research develops and evaluates alternative approaches to the educational aspects of any
discipline.
7. The research aims to advance the personal and professional qualifications of a practitioner.
Lifestyle Lounge also lists down seven importance of research. It says that “contrary to popular belief
research need not only pertain to science.” Research is important in all spheres of life. (“Importance of
Research”, 2017) Research is important:
 to gather necessary information
 to make changes
 to improve the standard of living
 to have a safer life
 to know the truth
 to explore our history
 to understand the arts
Activity 1: Question and Answer

Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers in the space provided.
1. What is Research?
2. What are inquiry and its nature?
3. What is the difference between inquiry and research?
4. How important is research in your daily life activities?
5. Why is there a need to conduct research?
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Activity 2:
Interview your classmate or a friend about their plans after high school. Ask them how research
played a major role in their chosen track or strand. Make a report about it and share it with your teacher.
Write your report using a narrative format. Make use of the notes you wrote down before and
after you conducted your interview to flesh out the report. The first is a brief description of what the
report is about, who is the interviewee, and the location of the interview. Then break up the interview
into paragraphs, like narrating a story, and finally a conclusion paragraph to end your report.
What I Have Learned

Direction. Answer the following question.
1. What is the importance of research in your education as a 21st Century learner?
2. As a learner, what do you want to research on? Why?
REFERENCES
 DNHS Research 1. (n.d.). DNHS Research 1.
https://sites.google.com/deped.gov.ph/research1.
 Week 2 Day 1.docx. (n.d.). Google Docs.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/17z5_eXy2wp-LDVgBaBrrvIHqLtD-
JIarMDe0jOi0VX0/edit.
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS. (n.d.).
http://www.umsl.edu/~lindquists/qualdsgn.html.
 Published Research Papers - Google Drive. (n.d.). Published Research Papers - Google
Drive. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1KYoixU3L9SerYAYcurbHOZ0IM0Vsdz6z.
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Lesson 2 the Characteristics, Processes, and 2
Ethics of Research
Learning Objectives
A. describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research
What’s in?
In the previous lessons, you learned the meaning of research and its importance in your
daily life. Research is different from inquiry. When you inquire or investigate, you tend to ask
questions to probe or examine something to request truth, information, or knowledge. Research
plays an important role in improving lives as well as finding solutions to problems through reliable
and validated information.
Specifically, at the end of this module, you should be able to describe the characteristics,
processes, and ethics of research.
We’re Matched!
Directions: Match the words in Column A to their meaning in Column B. Do it in your notebook.
Column A Column B
1. bias a. to have a strong and often unfair influence on someone or
something
2. strategy b. to create or makeup to trick people
c. a detailed plan on how to do something
3. blueprint d. a careful plan or method for achieving a particular goal usually
over a long period
4. fabricate e. expressing a command in a forceful and confident way
5. imperative f. done in one’s free will without valuable consideration or legal
obligation
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Empirical- Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical-Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical-Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a
problem.
4. Analytical-Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether
historical, descriptive and experimental or case study.
5. Critical-Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical- research is conducted methodically without bias using systematic methods and
procedures.
7. Replicability- The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
The Research Process

Research is a process that requires patience and thought. There is no easy way to make
certain that you have exhausted every resource and found the best research. Research is more of
an art rather than a science. Below is a diagrammatic presentation of the steps taken when doing
research.
Step One: Define the Research Problem

The first step in theresearch process is to develop a research question. This can be a problem
that needs to be solved or some piece of information that is missing about a particular topic.
Answering this question will be the focus of the research study (Offord Centre for Child Studies,
2017)
Step Two: Review the Literature
The researchers must now learn more about the topic they are investigating. This not
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only provides important background information about the issue they are researching., but also
tells them what other studies have already been conducted, how they were designed, and what
those studies found. In research, you often do not want to repeat old studies, but rather add
something new to the field. (Offord Centre for Child Studies, 2017; Cornell University
Library,2016)
Step Three: Formulate the Hypothesis
The hypothesis is a clear statement of what is intended to be investigated. It should be
specified before research is conducted and openly stated in reporting the results.
Step Four: Design Research
The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the
different components of the study coherently and logically, thereby, ensuring you will effectively
address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and
analysis of data.
Step Five: Collect Data
The collection of data is a critical step in providing the information needed to answer the
research question. Every study includes the collection of some type of data whether it is from
the literature or from subjects –to answer the research question. (Blankenship, 2010) Depending
on the plan of the research, data can be collected in the form of words on a survey, with a
questionnaire, through observations, or from the literature. (Offord Centre for Child Studies,
2017; Human Kinetics, 2017)
Step Six: Analyze Data
Analysis of data plays an important role in the achievement of research aim and
objectives. (Dudovskiy, 2016) Once the data have been collected, these must be analyzed to
answer the original research question.
Step Seven: Interpret and Report
In this final part, you will have to justify why you think that research aims and objectives
have been achieved. (Dudovskiy, 2016) Proofread the paper you have created and report the
results. There are different ways to share the results of your research, among them is by
publication either in print or on the internet. Another is by sending or submitting the research
report to those persons concerned or stakeholders such as policymakers, government officials,
company or business executives, etc. Another way to share the results of your research is
through a colloquium where the researcher presents orally the research report to an audience
or the public.
Characteristics of the Researcher

1. Intellectual Curiosity-A researcher undertakes deep thinking and inquiry of the things and
situations around him.
2. Prudence-The researcher is careful to conduct his research study at the right time and the right
place wisely, efficiently, and economically.
3. Healthy Criticism-The researcher is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results.
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4. Intellectual Honesty-An intelligent researcher is honest to collect or gather data or facts to
arrive at honest results.
5. Intellectual Creativity-A productive and resourceful investigator always creates new
researches.
Ethics of Research
Ethics generally is considered to deal with beliefs about what is right or wrong, proper or
improper, good or bad. According to a dictionary definition (Webster’s 1968), to be ethical is to
conform to accepted professional practice.
Ethics should be applied in all stages of research from planning, to the gathering of data,
to the analysis and interpretation and evaluation (oral examination) of the research.
Research ethics provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research. In addition,
it educates and monitors scientists' research to ensure a high ethical standard. The following is
a general summary of some ethical principles:
Honesty:
Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not
fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data.
Objectivity:
Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer
review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research.
Integrity:
Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought
and action.
Carefulness:
Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the
work of your peers. Keep good records of research activities.
Openness:
Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
Respect for Intellectual Property:

Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use
unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never
plagiarize.
Confidentiality:
Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication,
personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.
Responsible Publication:
Publish to advance research and scholarship, not to advance just your career. Avoid
wasteful and duplicative publication.
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Responsible Mentoring:
Help to educate, mentor, and advise students. Promote their welfare and allow them to
Social Responsibility: Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through
research, public education, and advocacy.
Non-Discrimination:
Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students based on sex, race, ethnicity, or other
factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity.
Competence:
Maintain and improve your professional competence and expertise through lifelong
education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole.
Legality:
Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies.
Animal Care:
Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct
unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.
Human Subjects Protection:

When researching human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits;
respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy.
Activity 1: Question and Answer

1. Why is research practical and realistic?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The first step of theresearch process is to develop your topic or research problem. What is the
importance of considering those factors in selecting a research problem?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Explain briefly. Research starts with a problem and ends with a new problem.
________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. What is the purpose of research ethics in doing research work?
________________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Research can be replicated but not the findings. Why?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2: 7 Steps
Directions: Identify the stage/step in the research process of the given scenario. Choose your answers
below.
A. Step One: Define the Problem
B. Step Two: Review Literature
C. Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis
D. Step Four: Design Research
E. Step Five: Collect Data
F. Step Six: Analyze Data
G. Step Seven: Interpret and Report Data
Scenario 1: Jessie distributed questionnaires to Grade 7 students who have been bullied and are at
risk of dropping out.
Scenario 2: Bella shared her research findings with the Supreme Student Council so that they can
help to address the problem.
Scenario 3: Don was a victim of body shaming so he chose body shaming as his research topic.
Scenario 4: Kristine visited the municipal library to look for previous studies about the
research she’s working on.
Scenario 5: Cris decided to make a case study because he wanted to know the experiences of
typhoon Tisoy survivors and how they recover from the physical devastation and
haunting memories brought about by the typhoon.
Scenario 6: Val summarizes the data he collected. He interpreted the data and looked for patterns,
relationships, and trends among the data.
Scenario 7: Rose has already her research title. She’s now predicting the outcome of her study.
What I have learned

Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers in the space provided.
1. The research process is a step-by-step procedure that guides the researcher in
conceptualizing and conducting the research. These seven steps are
2. According to Sanchez (2002) research is a continuous undertaking of making known
the unknown. This definition of research leads to common characteristics of research.
Can you elaborate further on this?
3. What are some tips to avoid plagiarism when one is conducting research?
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References
 Cristobal, A. P. & Cristobal, M. C. D. (2017). Practical research for senior high school.
Quezon City, Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc.
 Jerusalem, V. L., Garcia, M. D.R., Palencia, J. M. & Palencia, M. M. (2017).Practical
research 1: Basics of qualitative research. Sampaloc, Manila: Fastbooks.
 Matira, M. D.(2016).Practical research for the 21st-century learners. Sampaloc, Manila:
St. Augustine Publications, Inc.
 Prieto, N. G., Naval, V. C., & Carey, T. G. (2017). Practical research 1. Quezon City, Metro
Manila: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
 Merriam-Webster.(n.d.). Bias.In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved July 22,
2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bias
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Lesson 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Learning Objectives
A. differentiate quantitative from qualitative research
What’s in?
In the previous lessons, you learned that research should be systematic, objective,
feasible, empirical, and clear. These characteristics guide you in realizing the real nature of
research by following the processes as well as the factors in selecting your general problem or
topic. As a researcher, you need to consider the ethics and unethical practices in conducting
research.
Specifically, after finishing this module, you should be able to differentiate qualitative from
quantitative research.
Pre Assessment Activity
Directions: For this task, you may want to have your word list ready with you. Look at the following
terms below which you may encounter in this lesson. See what they mean using your dictionary.
1. holistic -
2. statistical -
3. hypothesis -
4. deductive -
5. narrative -
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Difference: Qualitative Research versus Quantitative Research
Qualitative Quantitative
Objective - It aims to create a new theory based - The purpose is to test a
on the gathered data. hypothesis or theory. Measures
- Fact-finding research is used to gain problem using a rating scale and
an understanding of individual other research parameters of
differences in terms of feelings and group similarities.
experiences
Data - Natural Setting - Measurement setting
Description - Making stories out of a certain - Performs measures out of the
phenomenon certain phenomenon
- Uses pictures, words, sentences, - Uses numbers, scales,
paragraphs, compositions, hypotheses, calculations, and
narrations, and short stories statistics tools
Sample (Size) - Small judgment (by decision) - Large Sample representatives of
sampling the population
Data - Unstructured or semi-structured - Standardized/Structured
Gathering (flexible processes) - Uses census, survey
- Uses interviews, participant questionnaire, checklist, paper,
observation, group discussions pencil test, and experiment.
- Ex. Case Study, field research - Uses closed-ended questions.
- Uses open-ended questions. It is a These questions can only be
freeform survey question that answered by selecting from a
allows a participant to answer in limited number of options, usually
open-text format, responses are “multiple -choice”, “yes or no”, or
unlimited to a set of options. a rating scale
- inductive - Deductive
Activities - This research starts with the - Starts from a hypothesis or
observations, an open mind without already created theory
biases, gathering all exact details of emphasizing the previously
the topic, and generalization or new researched phenomenon from
theory is given towards the end of different views (tested against
the research process observations)
Data
- Uses both inductive and deductive They are not mutually exclusive with
Discussions
and each other in research.
Presentation - The inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the researcher starts
discussions from the lowest and highest means then explains the overall
mean.
- Deductive or “top-down “if the discussion is from the overall mean going
to the lowest and highest means, deductive.
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- Opinions are based on experience - Opinions are based on laws,
or observation. There are no criteria rules, or other recognized
used in data discussions. principles.
Data Analysis - Synthesize data, interpret, - Statistical
thematic. - Objective
- Subjective - The researcher employs
- Data analysis is influenced by the standard criteria in analyzing
personal experiences and views data
Outcome - Cultivates understanding with high - Endorse a development. Has
validity high output replicability
- There are no conclusions - The conclusion is formulated
formulated towards the end of the
research process.
SIMILARITIES: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND QUANTITATIVE

RESEARCH
1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation.
2. Both improve life and help us in understanding various issues of life and in giving solutions
to our problems
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new problem.
4. Both use textual forms in analyzing and interpreting data.
5. Both use inductive and deductive methods of presenting data.
Activity 1
Directions: Read the following examples and decide whether the statement can be studied using
Quantitative or Qualitative research. Write QN for Quantitative and QL for Qualitative.
1. Maria wanted to find out why some children frequently misbehave.

2. Drinking two tablets of paracetamol is more effective than one.
3. A business owner wants to know if his company is performing well compared to his
competitors.
4. Coping mechanisms when losing a loved one
5. How much water is absorbed by different brands of tissue?
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Activity 2
Let us first try identifying which of the following characteristics belong to Quantitative and
Qualitative research.
Directions: Read and analyze each item. Write QL if it is a characteristic of Qualitative Research
and QN for Quantitative.
1. This design seeks to confirm a hypothesis about some phenomena – What? And How
many?
2. It is a systematic subjective approach to describe life experiences and give them

meaning.
3. This research is highly structured and uses statistical tools to gather and interpret
data.
4. It seeks to explore, explain and understand some phenomena – What? and Why?
5. This design asks close-ended questions and examines cause and effect relationships.
What I have learned
1. How do you define the two designs of research: qualitative and quantitative?
___________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the differences and similarities between these methods?
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
References
 Quezon City, Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc.
 Jerusalem, V. L., Garcia, M. D.R., Palencia, J. M. & Palencia, M. M. (2017).Practical research 1:
Basics of qualitative research. Sampaloc, Manila: Fastbooks.
 Matira, M. D.(2016).Practical research for the 21st century learners. Sampaloc, Manila: St.
Augustine Publications, Inc.
 Prieto, N. G., Naval, V. C., & Carey, T. G. (2017). Practical research 1. Quezon City, Metro Manila:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
 Merriam-Webster.(n.d.). Bias.In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved July 22, 2020, from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bias
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4
Lesson 4 The Kinds of Research Across Fields
Learning Objectives
a. provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports,

science, business, agriculture and fisheries, information and communication
technology, and social inquiry)
What’s in?
In the previous lessons, you learned about research methods to be used in your particular
field of study. Whatever methods are used, there are many resources to support research and any
number of variations to the basic methods. Choosing a method of research that is adaptable in
your study as a learner guides you to start deciding on what topic you want to pursue.
Specifically, after going through this module, you should be able to provide examples of
research in areas of interest.
Directions: With the help of clues for

each item, write your answer/s to
complete the crossword puzzle.
Across
2. study of crime and deviant behavior
8. study of the mind and behavior
9. involved with elements and compounds
composed of atoms, molecules, and ions
10. science of collecting, analyzing, and
interpreting data using mathematical
procedures
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Down
1. the scientific study of humans
3. an organization engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities
4. science of matter and its motion – deals with concepts such as force, energy, mass
5. studies about human cultures, such as literature, philosophy, and history
6. the practice of establishing diagnosis and treatment of disease
7. the diverse range of human activities engaged in creating visual, auditory, or performed
artifacts.
Kinds of Research Across Fields
Areas of Interest Description Example of Studies
Arts-Based - Personal expression in various - The Role of Arts in Student

Research art forms is used as a primary Achievement in Reading
mode of inquiry
Research in - Deals with human culture such - Children In-Conflict with the Law:
Humanities as philosophy, religion, A Resolution and Intervention
literature, linguistics, and
history
Sports Research - Intended for athletes to endure - Student Involvement in Athletics
their health and wellness goals and their Academic Performance
through proven high-quality
products.
Science Research - Discover laws postulate theories - Utilization of Garbage and other
that can explain natural or Waste Resources as Cleaning
social phenomena. Materials
Mathematics - Provides mathematics mastery - A Systemic Approach to

Research topics and helps develop Changing Classroom Practices
confidence and interest to solve for Enhancing Mathematics
more mathematical problems. Outcomes
Agriculture - Improves productivity and - Green Space in School: Social and
Research quality of crops irrigation, Environment Perspective
storage methods, effective
farm management, and
marketing of agricultural
resources.
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Fisheries - Increase the productivity and - Finding a Future: Sustaining
research management of fishery Inland Fishery
resources to provide food:
protect and maintain
different bodies of water for
sustainable supply of aquatic
resources
Business Research - Acquire information in - Developing a Framework for
business to maximize sales and Small Scale Business
profit. It aids business
companies regulates which
product or service is most
profitable or in demand.
Information and - Aim to adapt current - Exploring the Interactive
Communication technology advancement Computer Simulation in Public
Technology (ICT) which enhances the Schools
Research development of resources.
Social - Finds solutions for human - The Impact of COVID-19
Science behavior gathering information Pandemic on Employment
Research about people and societies. Opportunities
Different kinds of research are being used in different fields or disciplines. If you decide
to use the quantitative method, you also have options to choose from: you can use the
descriptive method, the correlational study, a combination of descriptive and correlational, the
experimental method, the historical research, market research, and many more. These kinds of
research will be discussed in detail when you reach your Practical Research 2.
However, here is a brief overview of what these research methods are.
The Descriptive Method
Descriptive research describes the phenomena being studied. It addresses the “what”
question. Data are gathered and descriptive statistics are then used to analyze such data.
The Correlational Research
Correlational research determines the relations among two or more variables. Data are
gathered from multiple variables and correlational statistical techniques are then applied to the
data.
The Experimental Method
In experimental research, the researcher manipulates one or more independent or grouping
variables, (e.g., by comparing treatment conditions, such as an intervention group vs. a control
group) and then observes the impact of that manipulation on one or more dependent or outcome
variables (e.g., student achievement or motivation).
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The Historical Research
The historical method is employed by researchers who are interested in reporting events and/or
conditions that occurred in the past.
The Market Research
Market research is any organized effort to gather information about target markets or customers.
Market research provides important information to identify and analyze customer satisfaction,
market need, market size, and competition.
Feasibility Study
A feasibility study is an analysis of the ability to complete a project successfully, taking into
account legal, economic, technical, scheduling, marketing, environmental, and other factors.
Activity 1
Identify the specific area of interest for each given topic by writing the letter of each type in the
correct column. Likewise, below the letter representing your answer, write the importance of
such research in your daily life.
A. Digital Age
B. Child in Conflict with the Law
C. Classroom Environment
D. Herbal Medicines
E. Financial Management
Arts-Based Humanities Science ICT Business
Activity 2: I Need to Understand

Directions: Decide on what type of research you would do to gather data to solve the following
problems:
Feasibility Study The Historical Research The Correlational Research

The Market Research The Experimental Method The Descriptive Method
Situations/Problems Type of Research
1. if makahiya leaf has an antibiotic effect

2. if the customers are satisfied with the services of a
food chain
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3. which is a better teaching strategy, the case study
method or the demonstration method
4. labor demand analysis for the next five years
5. life among folks before the volcanic eruption around
Mt. Pinatubo
6. if the color of lipstick determines a woman’s decision-
making process
7. if garlic is a better antibiotic than penicillin
8. if salaries and benefits contribute to job satisfaction
9. if smoking affects the level of anxiety
10. if the marketing strategies of schools contribute to the
increase in the number of enrollees
What I have learned

1. What are those kinds of research across fields?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do samples of research in different areas of interest help you in writing the research
proposal?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
References
 Cristobal, A. P. & Cristobal, M. C. D. (2017). Practical research for senior high school. Quezon
City, Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc.
 Jerusalem, V. L., Garcia, M. D.R., Palencia, J. M. & Palencia, M. M. (2017).Practical research 1:
 Matira, M. D.(2016).Practical research for the 21st century learners. Sampaloc, Manila: St.
 Merriam-Webster.(n.d.). Bias.In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved July 22, 2020,
from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bias
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II
Lesson 1 The Value of Qualitative Research its Characteristics, Strengths,
Weaknesses and Kinds
Lesson 2 The Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields of Inquiry
Learning Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses, and kinds of
qualitative research; and
2. Illustrate the importance of qualitative research across fields.
What’s in?
In the previous lessons, you learned about research methods to be used in your particular
field of study. Whatever methods are used, there are many resources to support research and
any number of variations on the basic methods. Choosing a method of research that is adaptable
in your study as a learner guides you to start making a decision on what topic you want to
pursue.
Lesson 1 The Value of Qualitative Research its
Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds
For your initial task, try to answer the questions below. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.
1. When you see or hear the word Qualitative Research, what comes into your mind?
2. Do you think research is important? Why or Why not?
3. If you are to conduct research, what problem will you focus on and why?
21
Qualitative research can also be subjective, especially if you are trying to prove a point
as a researcher. In qualitative research, the reality is conditioned by society and people’s
intentions are involved in cause-effect relationships. Let’s have a dose of the characteristics of
this type of research. Take a look at the infographics on the next page.
22
Do these characteristics draw you more into qualitative research? Well, every type has its
advantages and disadvantages. Though it’s practical, it has pros and cons. Let’s take a look at them.
Did you already grasp the different strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research?
Keep in mind that most things have their own pros and cons. It doesn’t mean that they are
ineffective. It was mentioned that one of the characteristics of qualitative research is that you
can go on with multiple methods and procedures to do it. Let’s have a look at the types of
qualitative research.
Kinds of Qualitative Research
Case Study Ethnography Phenomenology Content and Discourse Analysis
Historical Analysis Grounded Theory
Case Study - Long time study of a person, group, organization, or situation and an empirical inquiry
that investigates current phenomenon.
Example: “Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High Schools”
Ethnography - a study of a particular cultural group.

Example: “Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace Education in the Indigenous
Peoples (IP) Communities”
Phenomenology - “live-experienced” of a phenomenon.
Example: “Life without Gadget”
23
Content and Discourse Analysis -
 Content Analysis - is a research technique that analyzes the modes of communication such
as letters, e-mails, etc.
 Discourse Analysis - is the study of social life, understood through ananalysis of language it
includes face-to-face talk, non-verbal interaction, images, and symbols.
Materials for Discourse Analysis include books, newspapers, periodicals, brochures, and
advertisements.
Example: “A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of Modern Technologies on Communication”
Historical Analysis- is a qualitative method where there is an examination of past events to

draw conclusions and make predictions.
Example: “The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’ Speech
Grounded Theory- takes place when there is a discovery of anew theory that underlies your study at
the time of data collection and analysis.
Example: “The Story Behind the Migration of Christians from Visayas and Luzon to
Mindanao”
24
Lesson 2 The Importance of Qualitative Research Across Fields of
Inquiry
In the previous lesson, you learned to describe the nature and characteristics of
qualitative research with its kinds, strengths, and weaknesses. Qualitative research is capable
of giving rich information about the respondents, be they humans or animals. Despite having
such strength, its weakness is perceived to be its approach not applying to some research
objectives. This kind of qualitative research will help you discover facts and information about
the object of your interest and work with others. The lessons you have learned will guide you
to appreciate the importance of qualitative research across fields of inquiry.
Research in Different Areas of Knowledge

A. Basic Research Approaches in a Specific Area of Discipline
1. Scientific or Positive Approach
 Deals with empirical data instead of personal views, feelings, or attitudes.
2. Naturalistic Approach
 A people-oriented approach focuses on discovering the real concept or meaning behind
people’s lifestyles and social relations.
3. Triangulation/ Mixed Method

 Allows a combination or a mixture of research designs, data collection, and data analysis
techniques.
B. Hard Sciences versus Soft Sciences
25
Qualitative and Quantitative Research can go together in a research approach.
There is a symbiotic relationship between these two research methods, in which they
reinforce or strengthen each other.
Moreover, any form of knowledge, factual or opinionated, and any statistical or verbal
expression of this knowledge are deduced from human experience that is subjective. (Hollway
2013; Letherby 2013)
Activity 1
Given the following Research topics, name the specific subject on each topic and give the
importance of researching such topic in a person’s day to day life. The first one is done for you.
1. Nutrient Contents of Spices and Herbs
2. Juan dela Cruz: A Filipino Inventor
3. Parents Views About The New Normal Education
4. Body Parts of a Korean Car
5. Bacteria in a Food
6. SHS Learners Study Habits
7. Medicinal Elements of Lemon Leaves
8. History Development of Asian Novels
9. Higa-onon Wedding Rites
10. The Nature of Corona Virus Disease
Topics Subject Importance of the Research

1 Spices and Herbs To know its nutrient content use as medicine
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
26
What I have learned
Explain the concepts you have learned by answering the following questions.
1. Can you recognize the nature of qualitative research; its kinds, characteristics, strengths,
and weaknesses? Kindly provide a brief explanation.
2. How do the strengths and weaknesses help us in writing the research proposal?
Ask somebody whom you know has already done research work or is currently conducting a
research study. Ask him the details of his study and tabulate the results from your interview with
him.
1. Title
2. Method of Research ( data gathering and data analysis)
3. Subject Area or areas of interest where the study belongs
4. The importance of the research work
References
Quezon City, Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc.
 Jerusalem, V. L., Garcia, M. D.R., Palencia, J. M. & Palencia, M. M. (2017).Practical

research 1: Basics of qualitative research. Sampaloc, Manila: Fastbooks.
 Matira, M. D.(2016).Practical research for the 21st century learners. Sampaloc, Manila:
St. Augustine Publications, Inc.
 Merriam-Webster.(n.d.). Bias.In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved July 22,
2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bias
27
1
Lesson 1 The Subject Matter of the Research
Learning Objectives
a. design a research project related to the daily life
b. write a research title
C. describe the reasons for conducting the research
What’s in?
In the previous lesson, you learned to illustrate the importance of qualitative research
across fields of inquiry. Research can be conducted in any field of knowledge. Whatever field
you belong to, you can freely choose the basic research approaches, either scientific, naturalistic,
or mixed. The areas of disciplines that are classified into soft and hard sciences assist you in
understanding where you really fit. These will guide you into the next learning activities of
designing a research project and writing a research title.
Specifically, at the end of this module, the learner is able to: 1. Narrow down a general topic
into a smaller one; 2. Identify possible research problems; and 3. Design a research project
useful to daily life.
The following are important terminologies for you to take note of:
Research Topic
A subject or issue that a researcher is interested in when conducting research
Narrowed Topic
A slice of the general topic needed to explore and focus on the issue in detail
Research Design
The strategy for a study and the plan or method by which the strategy is to be carried out
28
What is a Research Title?
1. The most important element that defines the research problem.
2. It is usually read first and the most read part of the research.
3. It contains the least words enough to describe the contents and the purpose of your research
paper.
4. It can be revised any and many times as the research develops and reach its final phase. It
becomes final on its final defense before the panel of judges.
Elements of a Research Title

The research title does not need to be entertaining but informative. A part of a research title has the
following information:
1. The subject matter or topic to be investigated. (“What?”)
2. The place or locale where the research is to be conducted. (“Where?”)
3. The population is like the respondents’ interviewees. (“Who”?)
4. The time period of the study during which the data are to be collected. (“When”?)
Example:
Subject matter: The teaching of English
Place or locale: in the high schools of Province A
Time period: during the school year 1989-1990
Population: as perceived by teachers and students
When finding the right research paper topic, let’s consider this:
1. To write your title, you must start with a topic. There is no such thing as a single best topic. It is
easier to jot down three topics of your choice, or even five, instead of selecting one single topic.
Soon you will realize there is wisdom to this practice.
2. Identify problem situations. At home, there are problems that you dwell on. Examples are
relationships, money matters, unemployment, infidelity, and more. In school, you would hear
students complain about failing grades, teachers’ teaching strategies, limited allowances, school
facilities and equipment, and a lot more. You can move to the larger community and look into
problems on politics, prices of commodities, and other concerns.
3. Consider your passion or interest. Your interest in a topic may be caused by your rich
background knowledge about it and by its unfamiliarity to you. Your real interest in a subject
pushes you to research, investigate, or inquire about it with full enthusiasm, motivation, and
energy.
29
4. Make sure you have enough resources for your topic. This means finding a topic that is
discussed not just on websites or blogs, but more so on books, articles, or even encyclopedia
references. Find a topic that is both interesting and has plenty of published materials. Check
magazine articles as well.
5. Pick a topic that is timely and relevant. The topic is relevant if it yields results that are
instrumental in societal improvement. It is timely if it is related to the present.
6. Check references from the library. Visit your library to check the availability of reading materials
on your chosen topic. Do not hesitate to ask your librarian for assistance.
7. Be ready with your personal resources. Assess your research abilities in terms of your financial
standing, health condition, mental capacity, needed facilities, and time allotment to enable you
to complete your research.
8. Master the skill of finding the right research topic. Unfortunately, not all topics you are
interested in maybe that easy to write about. It becomes even more difficult if there is not enough
research material about the topic you’ve chosen. When confronted on what research paper topics
to do, find a broad subject first, then narrow it down.
The following are research topics to be avoided:

1. Controversial Topics
These are topics that depend greatly on the writer’s opinion. Facts cannot support topics like
these.
Example: The Extent of Filipinos’ Faith in God
2. Highly Technical Topics

For a beginner, researching topics that require advanced study, technical knowledge, and vast
experience is a difficult task.
Example: Spaceship Building
3. Hard-to-Investigate Topics
A subject is hard to investigate if there are no available reading materials about it and if such
materials are not up-to-date.
Example: Labor Unions before the Coming of Christ
4. Broad Topics
Topics that are too broad will prevent you from giving an in-depth analysis of the subject
matter of the paper. The solution to this is to narrow or limit the topic to a smaller one.
Example: Lack of Self-Confidence (Broad) Better Topic: Lack of Self-Confidence in Adolescents:
Root Causes, Manifestations, and Intervention (Narrowed)
30
5. Too Narrow Topics
These subjects are too limited or specific that extensive searching or reading for information
about these is necessary.
Example: The Definition of Research
6. Vague Topics
Choosing topics like these will prevent you from having a clear focus on your paper. Titles
beginning with indefinite adjectives such as several, many, some, etc., are vague enough to
decrease the readers’ interests and curiosity.
Example: Some Excessively Priced Imported Vehicles
HOW TO DESIGN A RESEARCH THAT IS USEFUL IN DAILY LIFE

The design stage constitutes the step where the methodological procedure is planned and
prepared. Following are the steps in research design:
Step 1: The very first step is to choose a topic. The following are topics from which you can design
research that should be useful in daily life.
Business Research Paper Topics: Crime and Law Research Paper Topics:
1. Business Ethics 1. Business Ethics
2. Convenience Stores 2. Convenience Stores
3. Cybersecurity 3. Cybersecurity
4. Electronic Business 4. Electronic Business
5. Franchising 5. Franchising
Drugs and Drug Abuse Research Paper Topics: Education Research Paper Topics
1. Alcohol 1. Cheating in Exam
2. Cigarette Smoking 2. Distance Education
3. Drug Rehabilitation 3. K-12 Curriculum
4. Drug Testing 4. Learning Styles
5. Drunk Driving 5. Plagiarism
Environmental Research Paper Topics: Family Issues Research Topics:

1. Deforestation 1. Child Abuse
2. Endangered Species 2. Domestic Abuse
3. Population Control 3. Family Values
4. Recycling 4. OFW Parents
5. Wildlife Conservation 5. Teen Marriage
Health Research Paper Topics: Political Issues Research Paper Topics:

1. Attention Deficit Disorder 1. Budget Deficit
2. Birth Control 2. Election
31
3. Depression 3. Impeachment
4. Exercise and Fitness 4. International Relations
5. Plastic Surgery 5. Taxes
Psychology Research Paper Topics: Business Related Research Paper Topics:

1. Dreams 1. Discrimination in the Workplace
2. Learning Disabilities 2. Equal Opportunity
3. Lying 3. Gambling, Online Gaming
4. Memory 4. Hiring Issues
5. Physical Attraction 5. Retirement Age
Women and Gender Research Paper Topics:

1. Cultural Expectations and Practices
2. Discrimination
3. Education
4. Equality in the Workplace
5. Pregnancy
Step 2: Include the goals/objectives of the study. The objective should be very clear in the
mind of the researcher as this will lead to the clarity of the design and proper response
from the respondents.
Step 3: Describe a specific setting/location. It describes, in brief, the place where the study
is conducted.
Step 4: Consider the data sources. The various sources of data or the information should be
very clearly stated by the researcher. Primary data sources include information collected
and processed directly by the researcher such as interviews, surveys, and observations.
Secondary data sources include information retrieved through preexisting sources such
as research articles and internet or library searches.
Step 5: Use techniques of data collection. For the collection of the required information, it is
necessary to use some special techniques such as interviews, questionnaires, and
surveys, observations, documents, and records, etc.
32
Activity 1
Narrowing Your Topic
Given the following broad topics for research, select one topic of your choice and narrow or limit
the topic to make it specific. Use the narrowing chart to fill in the topic. Topics to choose:
1. Climate Change
2. Social Networking
3. Communication Skills
4. Medicinal Plants
5. Cultural Beliefs
Example: Topic Chocolate
Your Turn:
Narrowing Chart
Topic
Sub-Topics
What sub-topics are of most
interest to you?
What new questions do you have
about your topic?
Develop a topic statement
33
What I have learned
1. What are the rules in choosing a research topic?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are those topics to avoid in preventing you to have a clear focus on your research paper?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Where can you find sources of research topics to create ideas for selecting a good subject
matter?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How will you write a good research topic?

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Output
Plan your research by following the five steps in research design.
1. Problem/Topic: ______
2. Objective of the Study: _____
3. Setting: ________
4. Data Sources: ____________________________________________________________
5. Data Collection methods:___________________________________________________
References
 Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical research 1. Manila: Rex Book Store Publishing House Inc.
 Cristobal, A.P. & Cristobal, M.C.D. (2017). Practical research for senior high school. Quezon City,
Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc.
 Jerusalem, V.L., Garcia, M.D.R., Palencia, J.M. & Palencia, M.M. (2017). Practical research 1: Basics
of qualitative research. Sampaloc, Manila: Fastbooks.
 Matira, M.D. (2016). Practical research for the 21st century learners. Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine
Publications, Inc.
 Prieto, N.G., Naval, V.C., & Carey, T.G. (2017). Practical research 1. Quezon City, Metro Manila:
Lorimar, Publishing Inc.
34
2
Lesson 2 Writing the Research Title
Learning Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
a. Characterize a researchable topic;
b. Choose a good working title; and
c. Write a research title.
What’s in?
Moving on with your chosen research topic is the final writing of the research title.
Choosing a research title does not happen in a snap of a finger, and presto! You have a title!
In this stage, you will learn how to brainstorm with yourself by first coming up with broad
ideas then, further arriving at a research title into a specific one, that is a researchable one. So,
let our next journey begin!
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH TITLE
Here are basic reminders to keep in mind while writing a research title:
1. Keep it simple, brief, and attractive. The primary function of a title is to provide a precise
summary of the paper’s content. So, keep the title brief and clear. Moreover, a good tile for
research is typically around 10-15 substantive words long. A lengthy title may seem
unfocused and take the reader’s attention away from an important point.
35
Avoid: Drug X has an effect of muscular contraction for an hour in snails
Better: Drug X induces muscular contraction in snails
2. Use appropriate descriptive words. A good research title should contain keywords used
in the manuscript and should define the nature of the study. Think about terms people would
use to search for the study and include them in the title.
Avoid: Effects of Drug A on schizophrenia patients
Better: Psychosocial effects of Drug A on schizophrenia patients
3. Avoid abbreviations and jargon. Known abbreviations such as AIDS, HIV, and so on can be
used in the title. However, lesser-known or specific abbreviations and jargon that would not
be immediately familiar to the readers should be left out.
Avoid: MMP expression profiles cannot distinguish between normal and early
osteoarthritic synovial fluid
Better: Matrix metalloproteinase protein expression profiles cannot distinguish between
normal and early osteoarthritic synovial fluid
4. It is a good idea to create a ‘working’ research title first. This title helps focus the
research and writing but can be changed if needed. The final title should be a phrase or a
question that indicates the subject and scope of the research while generating the reader’s
interest and enthusiasm for the topic.
Avoid: MMP expression profiles cannot distinguish between normal and early
osteoarthritic synovial fluid
Better: Matrix metalloproteinase protein expression profiles cannot distinguish between
normal and early osteoarthritic synovial fluid
HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH TITLE

Follow these steps:
Step One
Ask yourself these questions and make note of the answers:
1. What is my paper about?
2. What techniques/designs will be used?
3. Who/What will be studied?
4. Where is the setting of the study?
5. When is the period or duration of the study?
Step Two
Use your answers to list keywords.
Step Three
Create a sentence that indicates the keywords you listed.
36
Step Four
Delete all unnecessary/repetitive words and link the remaining.
Step Five
Delete non-essential information and reword the title.
Let us take this sample title:

A Phenomenological Study on the Behavior of Senior High
School Students with Absentee Parents of Mother
Theresa Colegio in the
School Year 2020-2021
From this title, you can find out a lot about the research before reading the actual proposal or
actual research report.
1. What are we looking at?
The behavior of Senior High School students with absentee parents
2. Who are the subjects?
Senior High School students with absentee parents
3. Where is the setting/place of the study?
Mother Theresa Colegio
4. What type of study is it going to be?
It is going to be a qualitative study, and phenomenology will be used.
5. What is the period covered by the study?
School Year 2020-2021
6. What size is the sample?
We will just be using a small sample
7. What data-collection methods will be used?
Information from the participants will be obtained through interviews, observation,
open-ended questionnaires, etc.
The table below shows sample research titles for the different Senior High School strands which
might be helpful for you as you decide to have your own research title/topic.
Track/Strand Research Titles/Topics

Health Hazards of Direct and Indirect Smoking: Prevention
STEM
and Care
The Perception of the Stakeholders on the Implementation of

HUMSS
Senior High School
The Effect of Word of Mouth

ABM Advertisement on the Stability of Julia’s
Bakery
37
Factors Influencing Secondary Students’ Perception and Preferences
GAS
in Choosing a Strand in Senior High School
TVL (Computer
Employability of Computer Programmers: Job Market Analysis
Programming)
TVL (Bread and Perception of the Trainers of the Effectiveness of Bread and
Pastry) Pastry Production Training Program
TVL (Tour Guiding The Effect of Tourist Attractions on the Development of

Servicing) Economy
Effective titles in academic research papers have several characteristics.

 Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study. Avoid using abbreviations.
 Use words that create a positive impression and stimulate reader interest. Use current
nomenclature from the field of study.
 Identify key variables, both dependent and independent. May reveal how the paper will be
organized.
 Suggest a relationship between variables that supports the major hypothesis. Is limited to
10 to 15 substantive words.
 Do not include "study of," "analysis of" or similar constructions.
 Titles are usually in the form of a phrase, but can also be in the form of a question.
 Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words and last words capitalized,
including the first word of a subtitle. All nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that
appear between the first and last words of the title are also capitalized.
 In academic papers, rarely is a title followed by an exclamation mark. However, a title or
subtitle can be in the form of a question.
Activity 1
What to do: CHOOSING MY TITLES
From among the listed working titles below, select the best three and state your reasons why.
1. School Absenteeism among Students
2. Factors that Influence a Child’s Decisions to Read Outside-Of-School
38
3. Internet Addiction faced by Young Kids
4. Online Education for Disabled Students
5. The Effects of Cooperative Learning on Student Achievement
6. Overcoming Death of a Loved One
7. Preventing Self-Harm
8. Side Effects of Body Piercing at a Young Age
9. The Future of Different Sports in the Philippines
10. The Impact of Using Nuclear Weapons
Title 1: _______
Reason/s why I chose this topic:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Title 2: _______
Reason/s why I chose this topic:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
What I have learned
1. A researcher is discouraged from putting too many words in the research title. Why?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. A bad title discredits good research. Why?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the components of a good research title?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Output
This activity is a continuation of what you have done in your Lesson 1 Output. You are to construct a
good research title.
39
MY PROPOSED TITLES
Topic 1:
Proposed Research Title:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Topic 2:
Proposed Research Title:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
What to do:
Write a title considering what you would like to look at in the topic, who the subjects are, and the kind
of qualitative research that you would be working on. Follow this pattern:
My Final Topic: ____
a. What are you looking at? ____
b. Who are the subjects? ______
c. Where is the setting of the study?
d. It is going to be a (type of research study), and (type of qualitative research) will be used.
e. When is the period covered of the study? ______________________________________
f. We will just be using a sample.
g. Data collection will involve obtaining information from the participants through
, , .
References:
Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical research 1. Manila: Rex Book Store Publishing House Inc.
Cristobal, A.P. & Cristobal, M.C.D. (2017). Practical research for senior high school. Quezon City,
Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Jerusalem, V.L., Garcia, M.D.R., Palencia, J.M. & Palencia, M.M. (2017). Practical Research 1:
Matira, M.D. (2016). Practical research for the 21st century learners. Sampaloc, Manila: St.
Prieto, N.G., Naval, V.C., & Carey, T.G. (2017). Practical research 1. Quezon City, Metro Manila:
Lorimar, Publishing Inc.
40

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UNIT I: NATURE OF INQUIRY AND

The research follows a step-by-step process of investigation that uses a standardized

Nature of Inquiry. (Lichman, G.,2013)

Activity 1: Question and Answer

2. What are inquiry and its nature?

3. What is the difference between inquiry and research?

4. How important is research in your daily life activities?

5. Why is there a need to conduct research?

What I Have Learned

A. describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research

The Research Process

Step One: Define the Research Problem

Characteristics of the Researcher

Respect for Intellectual Property:

Human Subjects Protection:

Activity 1: Question and Answer

What I have learned

Pre Assessment Activity

SIMILARITIES: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND QUANTITATIVE

1. Maria wanted to find out why some children frequently misbehave.

2. It is a systematic subjective approach to describe life experiences and give them

What I have learned

a. provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports,

Pre Assessment Activity

Directions: With the help of clues for

Kinds of Research Across Fields

Areas of Interest Description Example of Studies

Arts-Based - Personal expression in various - The Role of Arts in Student

Mathematics - Provides mathematics mastery - A Systemic Approach to

Arts-Based Humanities Science ICT Business

Activity 2: I Need to Understand

Feasibility Study The Historical Research The Correlational Research

Situations/Problems Type of Research

1. if makahiya leaf has an antibiotic effect

What I have learned

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Pre Assessment Activity

Kinds of Qualitative Research

Case Study Ethnography Phenomenology Content and Discourse Analysis

Historical Analysis Grounded Theory

Ethnography - a study of a particular cultural group.

Historical Analysis- is a qualitative method where there is an examination of past events to

Research in Different Areas of Knowledge

3. Triangulation/ Mixed Method

B. Hard Sciences versus Soft Sciences

Topics Subject Importance of the Research

2. Method of Research ( data gathering and data analysis)

3. Subject Area or areas of interest where the study belongs

4. The importance of the research work

 Jerusalem, V. L., Garcia, M. D.R., Palencia, J. M. & Palencia, M. M. (2017).Practical

Elements of a Research Title

The following are research topics to be avoided:

2. Highly Technical Topics

HOW TO DESIGN A RESEARCH THAT IS USEFUL IN DAILY LIFE

Environmental Research Paper Topics: Family Issues Research Topics:

Health Research Paper Topics: Political Issues Research Paper Topics:

Psychology Research Paper Topics: Business Related Research Paper Topics:

Women and Gender Research Paper Topics:

Example: Topic Chocolate

4. How will you write a good research topic?

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH TITLE

HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH TITLE

Let us take this sample title:

Track/Strand Research Titles/Topics