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Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Collecting Data through
Observations and Interviews
Practical Research 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Collecting Data through Observations and Interviews
First Edition, 2020
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Team Leaders:
School Head : Marijoy B. Mendoza, EdD
LRMDS Coordinator : Karl Angelo R. Tabernero
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module is designed to let you know the different data collection
procedures that can be utilized in conducting a research. As a student-
researcher, you need to possess the necessary knowledge and skills in
gathering relevant information for your proposed study.
1
What I Know
Identify the term being described in the following statements. Choose from
the given options in the box. Write your answers on your notebook.
Interview Observation
Interview Schedule Structured Observation
Topic Guide Unstructured Observation
Group Interview Focus Group
Structured Interview Natural Group
Unstructured Interview Observation Checklist
Semi-structured Interview Observation Guide
2
Lesson
Collecting Data through
1 Observations and Interviews
In the previous lesson, you were oriented with the research methodology
which entails the planning of data collection, data gathering instrument, and
analysis procedures. In this module, you will learn about particular data
collection methods being used in research such as observations and
interviews.
What’s In
A B
1. Pen and Paper a. Used to capture pictures of important
events in the gathering of data
3
Notes to the Teacher
This module prepares the learners to be acquainted with the
use of observations and interviews in research. This will guide them
in performing the data collection procedures that may be utilized
in conducting their respective studies.
What’s New
Observe your surroundings very keenly using all your senses. Describe the
people or things around you by accomplishing “My Observation” column in
the given table below. Write your answers on your notebook.
Observation My Observation Other’s Observation
Using sense of sight
Now, let us see if you have similar observation with others. Kindly ask
somebody from your family members or relatives to do the same task. Then,
record his/her observations under “Other’s Observation” column.
Great! What have you just done will actually help you in conducting your
research. As a student-researcher, you need to possess the skill of gathering
relevant information through the use of appropriate data collection methods
like observations and interviews. You need to devise a way on how to collect,
examine and analyze the variables of interest so that your research problem
can be addressed. Remember that deciding on the data collection procedure
is crucial in determining the validity and reliability of your research findings.
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What is It
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Types of Interview
1. Structured – the interview follows a particular progression and has
a well-defined content. The researcher does not ask questions that
are not part of the prepared questionnaire.
2. Unstructured – the interview is in the form of normal conversation
or a freewheeling exchange of ideas.
3. Semi-structured – the interview caters a specific set of questions,
but there are also additional probes that may come in the form of
follow-up questions that are not included in the list of original
questions.
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Observation is a method that is used to collect data on natural
phenomena or behavior as it occurs. The researcher and participant/s
must do it in a quiet, inconspicuous, and unobtrusive manner to get
realistic data while considering different dimensions. An observation
checklist is quantitative in nature, and makes use of ratings or numerical
rankings. On the other hand, an observation guide is more qualitative,
and allows for more general and descriptive documentation.
Types of Observation
1. Structured – the researcher uses a checklist wherein expected
behaviors of interest are already specified.
2. Unstructured – the researcher observes things as they happen
without any preconceived ideas about what will be observed.
Not Apparent
Sometimes
Oftentimes
Behavior
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What’s More
Accomplish the given observation checklist on dealing with stress during the
COVID-19 pandemic. Observe one of your family members or relatives, and
tick under the column “Yes” if the given behavior is being manifested, and
“No” if it is not. Copy and answer it on your notebook. Be guided with the
rubric on assessing the observation checklist.
Behavior Yes No
Score Criteria
All items in the observation checklist were
10 points
accomplished.
Only six to nine items in the observation checklist
7 points
were accomplished.
Only one to five items in the observation checklist
5 points
were accomplished.
8
What I Have Learned
Using a Venn diagram, compare and contrast the two data collection methods
you have learned focusing on their types and definition. Write your answers
on your notebook.
Observation Interview
Data
Collection
Methods
What I Can Do
Questions:
1. How does COVID-19 pandemic affect your family?
2. How can you protect yourself from COVID-19?
3. What lesson/s have you learned amidst community quarantine?
9
Interview Template
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Assessment
Read and analyze the following statements about collecting data through
observations and interviews. Write ACCEPT if you think it is true, and
REJECT if it is false. Write your answers on your notebook.
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Additional Activities
Interview Template
Name of Interviewee: _____________________________________________________
Name of Interviewer: _____________________________________________________
Date and Place of Interview: ______________________________________________
Type of Interview: ________________________________________________________
Research Topic: _________________________________________________________
Question 1: _______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Question 2: _______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Question 3: _______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Question 4: _______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Question 5: _______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Observation Template
Name of Participant: _____________________________________________________
Name of Researcher: _____________________________________________________
Date and Place of Observation: ___________________________________________
Type of Observation: _____________________________________________________
Research Topic: _________________________________________________________
13
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What I Have Learned:
Data
Collection
Methods
They are
frequently
used in
qualitative
research.
Additional Activities:
- Answers may vary.
- Data collection methods should be based on the previous research tasks/ outputs.
- The provided templates for observation and/or interview should be used.
What I Know: What’s In: What’s More:
Assessment:
1. Observation Checklist
2. Interview 1. e. - Answers may
2. a. 1. ACCEPT
3. Structured Observation vary.
3. c. 2. ACCEPT
4. Unstructured 3. ACCEPT
Observation 4. b.
5. f. 4. REJECT
5. Natural Group What I Can Do: 5. ACCEPT
6. Focus Group
6. ACCEPT
7. Observation - Answers may
7. REJECT
8. Group Interview What’s New: vary, but must
9. Structured Interview
8. REJECT
develop the
10. Semi-structured - Answers may 9. ACCEPT
skill on
Interview vary. 10. ACCEPT
collecting data.
Answer Key
References
Chan, Sally W. 2020. "COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire: Development and
Validation of a Questionnaire to Evaluate Students’ Stressors Related to the
Coronavirus Pandemic Lockdown." Frontiers in Psychology. October 22.
Accessed February 17, 2021.
https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/576758/fpsyg-11-576758-
HTML/image_m/fpsyg-11-576758-t006.jpg.
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