Sensors and Signal Conditioning EEE-4021

Name: Dibyanshu Mohanty

Reg. no.: 20BEE0401

EXPERIMENT-1
AIM:
To understand the working principle of RTD.

THEORY:
Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) is a sensor used to measure
temperature by correlating the resistance with temperature. RTD is a
positive temperature coefficient device.

PRINCIPLE:
The RTD material has a property to have predictable change in resistance
as the temperature changes and thus is used to detect temperature.
Rt = R0[1+ α (t-t0)]
Where Rt = resistance at temperature 't'
R0 = resistance at a reference temperature ( Generally 0 degree C)
α = temperature coefficient of resistance (°C‾1)

STATIC CHARACTERSTICS.
Procedure:
• Select the material of RTD you want to use. Temperature
coefficient (α) for the same will be displayed on the screen. Note
this value.
• Click on ' R0' to get the value of R0 for selected RTD. Note the same.
• Click on 'Get Temp'. The temperature for which Rt is to be found will
be displayed.
• Using formula calculate the value of Rt and enter the answer in the
box provided (up to 2 decimals with rounding off). Submit the
answer using submit button.
• If your calculation is correct, go to step 3. Repeat the procedure min
3 times.
• If your calculation is wrong, you will be asked to repeat the same.
Please refer to GET FORMULA tab and verify your calculations.
• After finishing minimum 3 set of correct readings, you can see the
graph by clicking on 'Plot'.
• When the graph is displayed click Next tab to repeat the procedure
with different reference resistance(R0) value and with different
materials.
• Minimum 10 calculations are necessary to plot the graph.
• Study the graphs for RTD performance with different reference
resistance values and different materials

Observation:
Metal-1 :
Balco
R0 = 100 Ω
Observation Table:
Temperature ( in °C) Rt ( in Ω )
-33 82.91
-91 52.86
191 198.94
169 187.54
162 183.92
4 102.07
-56 70.99
14 107.25
-15 92.23
22 111.40
Output Graph:

Metal-2:
Copper
R0 = 200 Ω
Observation table:
Temperature ( in °C) Rt ( in Ω )
-39 166.69
203 373.36
27 223.06
156 333.22
120 302.48
124 305.90
214 382.76
-22 181.21
-23 180.36
65 255.51

Output Graph:
DYNAMIC CHARACTERSTICS:
Procedure:
• Select the RTD as bare element (make it on). With the standard
dimensions considered for bare element, the time constant value
will get displayed in the output box.
• Now select the RTD dynamic performance with sheath. Select
appropriate material and thickness value. The time constant value
will get displayed in the output box.
• Observe the change in the time constant values with different
materials with different thickness.
• Now select the RTD dynamic performance with thermowell. Select
appropriate material, thickness and filling material. The time
constant value will get displayed in the output box when thermowell
material, thickness and filling material is selected.
• Observe the change in the time constant values with different
materials with different thickness.
• Click on plot button to observe the dynamic response (Time Vs
Temperature).
 • Observe and verify response time of RTD which is generally 5 times
the time constant value.

Observation:
Bare Material : Platinum
Thickness : 2mm
Length : 15mm
Time Constant is 1.17 seconds.
Dynamic Characteristics with sheath :
- Material : SS304 | Thickness : 1mm | Time Constant : 4.13 seconds

- Material : SS410 | Thickness :1mm | Time Constant : 3.46 seconds

Dynamic Characteristics with Thermowell:

- Material : SS316 | Thickness : 1mm | Filling Material : MgO powder |
Time Constant : 10.65 seconds

- Material : SS304 | Thickness : 1mm | Filling Material : Silicon

Compound | Time Constant : 38.37 seconds

Output Graph:
INFERENCE:
From Static Characteristics analysis, we got to know that temperature and
resistance are linearly related. By analysing the data, we can conclude that
Balco is more sensitive since it has more α, so with slight change in
temperature brings more change in resistance than copper.
From Dynamic Characteristics analysis, we got to know that filling
materials affect the graph between temperature and time along with that
we can conclude that by adding sheath and thermowell the time constant
increases thus improving general strength and thermal stability.