cl::_): ..r: ,;r_.__í ,Z*n::^r!:^,,2!!I_*,!

;:u::,,:
You Will hear eighLshort unfínished conu.ersatiot:s_
li,i,í?|ljii'ti;?i;"É;-;f'ih!'il;;ö:;irílór tr,. q#-yií*a heai the €gnversariigns
_],.
once or|y.*
*itt
rígl:t sizel "t
Exa.m.ale: Spea!<er t: ls this th,e ": a ,
2: l think ít's oK,
_

.
|beauer
S'peaker 1: We sirould have cil:cn,f :,,:- : _:
,,:- _, . .. :,,.ed boughtii. _,:_ i: -

Speaker 2: .........-...,.-
why do you aslQ
You are right, but it's too lcie ,:,,,
t've checked the shop.
tvobody told us io buy it,

a} What Co you mean? Like vlhat?

b) But really, isn't it always?
c) l am not acting,
d) Well, obviously you iike the rain.

?. a) l had no idea,
b) l thought the shops were closed,
c) Maybe l will go shopping later,
d) lt depends on the day.

3- a) lnside out.
b) My parents'house.
c} | bought the aspirin at the phai,macy,.
d) l get headaches all the time.

4. a} lt isn't here,
b} l doubt it.
c} lt works just fine,
d} lt's an awíul coIour.

a) l will if you do, too.

b} Must you though?
nl f'\n
Jv
,,ni r l"a:!!ri?
9ú,lJ.
9l _, vu

d} lt couldn't be.

o. a) l have no idea.
b} You know where she is now?
c) lt's n0 use wandering around.
d} l think she wanted to go, didn't she?

7. a) l'll go running laier.

b} 0f course you can,
c} i,,iot reaiiy, no, ,. :
d} l'm just not athlet!c.

Cf cours* not.
,i ii .l : 1ie :an harrn y:u.
n^_]+ ]i^ i_ *^
!.Jli i {l: i,j l;lü.
Maybe shs'll tell :rre the iruth.
 EIl

jiion. put *J
"
""''
r;s once onlv
,,- ,:_Jr :f f :-:-::,tversatíons. Listen to the conversatíons and answer the questíons below. Put a
"_1,_-,,;:f.._erof thecorrectanswer. youwill heareachcanversationance only.Look at the
_:" -, --,,:rsation one,
""a,
"

1.1 le lyoman was in America

.ryÉ+Éf§]Í1§_q.§r= a) to work,
b) to travel.
c) to meet friends,
d) to appreciate home.

1.2 The man has

a) travelled a lot.
b) lived in one place for a long time.
c) never been out of his country,
d) never missed his friends.

2.L The woman is

a) a school advisor,
b) a siudent.
c) a politician.
d) a friend of the man.

2.2 The man wants

a) school credit.
b) to find a band.
c) to be called back by Friday,
d) to get paid by the woman,

3.1 The relationship between the man and the woman is

a) husband and wiíe.
b) computer technician and client.
c) salesperson and customer.
d) brother and sister.

3,2 The woman

a} Coes not hate a DVD olaying programme on hei, compute:,
l:] a]:Sn'i |;',e tii: )") :";,3,-.:"l, i',, : ,,l ",,-,: ', ,'| ;,:

.. .,j}:, :,: . -:,' ,- ,

You wíll hear an extract f rom a talk aboutt a dacumentary. Lísten to the talk and complete the notes
below. Write short answers (t-s words). An example is done f or you. At the end of the talk you wíll have
f,tvo mínutes to read through and check your answers.You will hear the talk ance only.

Film informe veople ot:

Wtnt i:

cbsess
'{he U.3. wae fiqhíing a
?roxy war with: a) mon
b}iime
'he U.3, thouqlrt the 1andiniota gwernmení had: c|frien
d} his i
Conqreoa áidn't warct to;

íhe áocumerírary emvhaeieaa *"he aecrecy of:

and the vroblema g€crecy caugeo for:

The film alao focused on lhs overbhrow of íhe Guabemalan vreeiderlb, on

the grounds thaí:

'he film alao brougW u? abtemfia bo:
 interview and ansvler the questions. put a circle rournd the leiter of the correct Gnswer.
,s dane ar you- ycu wiii hear the íntervievl cnce anly,
f

i:,|*: : ,,,Jt has the wamcn iust f itlishect?

a) writillg het, f il,st book
@ writing a new bgak
c) R.eadinga new boal<
d) Caing on a book iaur

F;r what age groups has Judy Blume written books? 5. Hcw dces judy Blume start wriiing a book?
a} crty for children a} she wriies a firsi draít very quickIy
bl-mstly for teenagers b) she keeps a noiebook with ideas in it

Coü for adults c) she wriies several drafts very slowly

{ fr all age groups d) she takes iime in beiween chapiers

What is ihe nrain character, in Judy Blume's new novel, 6. what dces she cio beíore she sends her books
ln
LU har a,4itnr?
ósessed with? , lul L ulLUl .

a} money a} she reads it aioud

b} time b} she asks the opinion of her editor
c| friends c) she asks her family's opinion
dl his brother d} she changes the story completely

,:. i l-? ::?ii3 JÍ -'uiy Bi:re's 3r,a,l,Jscl? 7. \{lhai pai,i of writing does ;udy Bllme finC diíficLrii?
- : -^" a} deveioptng characiers
!-t L-.-, l-_l J"-!+
Wj;,Cl lúJL Jl úil

, ,-=, c} ceveloping ihe l!ot

:_ -. d} her íirst draíi

- _,::,t,-ldy 3iunre feei abcut being a gi,ancmotler? S. Why does Juciy Blunre cal! herselí "naive"?
. - ,=:s iier remember chiidhcod a} she doesn't worry about how
/
: ; -s 'ler a ilÉ,{ Wa} io iou.k ai cilii,jhccc people would accept her books
. , ,=. . ,;i s:a;v ti icucl wiih yc.iiig i;ec:ie b} she was very carefui nci to put anythi;tg
: -,-:s l,er siay inietestec in l,iics in her bcoks that adults wouldn't approve of
*} she wcrried too much about her editors' opinion
cfi <hc tholishi : iot about ho,,1,1 chiidren wou|d
-,'::,'i,i; ] :,;'
- -l|:.S
Recd the f ollowíng text then read the ten statements A-J, Five of these st*temenis Gre clrrect according tt
the text. TÍck (r') the baxes af the carreri sentey;ces. Do NoT tíck mare than f íve baxes. Leave ihe other
iirie boxes blank.

ln the simple example of a coilege graduaiicn ceremony, the limrnal phase

can actually be extended to inciude the period of time between when the
last assignment was finished (and graduation was assured) all the way
through reception of the diploma. That n0 man's lanC represenis the limbo
associated with liminality. The siress cf accomplishing tasks for college has
been lifted. Yet, the individual has not iransitioned to a new siage in iife
(psychologically or physically). The result is a unique perspective on what

has come before, and what may come next.

lVhen Western cultures use mistletoe, the plant is placed in a threshold (the "linren''), at the time of ihe
il
winter solstice. The act that occurs under the mistletoe (the kiss) breaks the bounda;,ies bety;een two á
?.
peopie. Because what nappens under ihe mrstieioe ts occurring ln rtiuai iime,,space. tne peopIe kissrng $.
Pt

§,
are not breaking taboos imposed under normal circumstances by their marriages io (or relationships with) f:
other people. When a marriage proposal is initiated, there is a liminal stage between ihe question and the i.;
a:

answer during which ihe social arrangements cf both parties in,lo|ved are subject to transformation and ?,,

inversion; a sort of "life stage limbo" so tc speak, in that the affirmaiion or denial can result in multiple +.]:

',.

and diverse outcomes. }:

!,:,,

y
Twilight serves as a |iminai iime, beiv;een day and night. The name clí ihe ielevision fiction series Ihe ?,.
!.
Tv,tilight Zcnernakes refei,ence io this, describing it as "the midcjle grcund betlveen light and shadow,
ai-

?.
between science and superstiiion" in cne variant oí the original selies' opening, The name is from an
i!
actual zone observalie fi,om sp;ce in the p.lace whei,e day|ighi oi. shadow advances or retreats about the !:]
i:
,.
[alih. §,loon and, mcre ofien, micinight can be considered iiminal, ihe íirsi transitioning between morning 1..
];l

::
and afternoon, the iaiier between days. :
í
a-.
'|.
 ]:",

{
I

.Á#lputu.lll,, tilloi 3t{+ p§uio3 ,,auo7 iq$lt;anl altjI,, Motls uolsl^313t alii í

se.4nls l3|,jiluli a:s iop jo saujii llclje] i

3Llli loulu..]lj D 1ou sj iq§111ll1 94

uotsselciep o1 pDa| uo: lc,sodo;d eÖnt,;lctu o ic r.lo,.:ela; g

Álrlnuru;r1 }o §luau]elo Áe; e;o e§ucq: puc uolioLulolsuo]l *

Áitioutt_ut1 io 3^lloiuesa:da; sl 0utsst> elcioe. 3

pol;ed l3uol1lsucJ.i n si Áltlcui.;..:l. ;

otlJii SUDau] ,,uauil" J

pol]ul§öj §uluceu p;on^ aqi uJoJ} pa^lJep sr Átrloutult1 g

"pa+luJll,,

', ur sá6o1s ulo}Ja] aqll]sap oi pa§n pJoM o st Ágloutt-ttt1

.y
"}ll

§;r;;j:::J!r]

Jeq!
1Duip.
|,-- ,-,_.:..;1

Read the text. Use the sentences labetled (A-H) to complete the text. wríte the letter af the missing
sentence in the box ín the correct gap. There are &^,to extra sentences you wíll not need.

Morwell Zoologicol Pork, or Morwell Zoo, is situoted in Hompshire, Englond, neor Winche.'"r. &--l h is bes 3

known for ils lorge colleclion of unguloíes ond unique siyle of enclosures. Morwell Zoologicol Pork is owned ond

operoted by the Morwell Preservotion Trust, o registered chority.

The zoo's logo is o silhouelted oryx. The oryx wos one of ihe iirsl species kept oi Morwell ond more thon 200

colves hove been born ond reored there since l972. London. llhipsnode ond Edinburgh Zoos cooperole wiih

Mor.well's oryx breeding progromme, which cirns to rein,|roduce ;ne cninrc] 1o ils ncturcl hcbitct.

ln ihe eight yeors preceding lheir orrivol on oreo of 24 squore kilomelres hod been kept íree from hobitotion, gro.

ing ond cultivotion, resulting in o dromotic recovery of vegeiclion, ond prcvlsror of o perfecí reintroduction site ior

the coptive-born oryx.

severoloccosions. ffil
ln )977,o giroffe colled Vicior collopsed on his stomoch, ond wos unoble io get up. ffi--l All ottempts il

get him on his feet foiled, ond his plight become o moior iníernolionol news siory. The Royol Novy were brought

ond mode o sling to winch him onío his feet. He died oí o heor1 ottock very shori|y oíterwcrds. The publicity íurne í
Morwell into o moior iourisl oiiroction, ond interest wos revived the following summer, rvhen Victor's mote,

Dribbles, gove birth 1o o femcle co|f, Vlctorio.

in l999, íhe zoo losí cl| 2ó of its Jockqss ond l,Áocorcn; P:ng,-rlns ic orlion i-nclcria I Rfter consultino
t
numbers in captiviiv l
-§=f3:ry.l."!-

e missing

l985 ien yeoriing oryx \{/eie ircnsferi,ed írom Morweli to the 3ou-Hedmo Noiionol
- .^ S ] i]CrT ol ine ,orrne. rc|ge oi ine,, cncestors].

--ln,. : ::r ::'r-:ed;hc+ re lcd s|ipcec,,i,;-.i|e try,ng io mcie.

is owned -:T3
:: _' herd hcs seiilecj in weil, hcs stcried ío breed, cnd hos beconre

}.Ueíe oTner coses ln Tne UK DuT lvl*rwell wos Tne only zoo To lose lTS enllíe colony, wnlcn
grtveo only Two ono o noii veors oef ore.
lre ihon 200 FÍ
rerote wilh
--, _,-
^: .,toior exhibits will be opening in 2008, lhe zoo is opening o new GiontAníeoter house
_ - - - ---l'3 lU lUl lll lJUl l Ul ltlc llcvv JUU|ilHl llgl lLU'l UlUlll= lll4Vv7.

: hobitotion, C,: _ ^ -^^!^^-^^^*r rL^ íi,.^. ^,.{^ L^__ l^ ]l-^ :^!^ +L^ *^l^,^
JLJ|uLci ll9lll, lílc ,ll )l LIJU UU, Il IU ll:e ^^..,
liijVv ^^i-
pull ^^^^^^l
c)LuPúu IIl|U ll lc l llule ^__i^^.,-^
> cl lLlUJUle
- -
rduction sile , , , :^ ] cc|,iilion cnd wos kiiied.

: : :- j- were morried in c privole ceremony. either ct the holl, or in neor'oy

^^^l i^;^
,JCui iule +!-rrioi they
_ . =:_-/, Veri/ soon cfier news crrived frar-n L*nrjon confirming ihe deoln of Anne 3oleyn.

once the
'.
_=
=:
^ 972, i+ wcs one cÍ tie eoi-l,esi zccs :n Éi,rooe'o clcce cn e;^npncs;s cn onimol
y visited o^
__-::,,;-or cncj is cor:siierecj one of ine i;cding insiiiuilcns in ihcl íieiC.

All /
vV€f €

publiciiy

's mote,

-.- .rn<trlt]" -

:' j - '-
 'T:T-É.ffi ;Fl'r!Í::9i13]r:9ffi €ry.=.-€

,::l§§§!í.+1?ryní!nii *:,
j

Read the four iexts below"There Gre ten questians űbaut the iexts. Decíde whích texi (A, B, C or D) tells
the answer to the question. The f irst one is done f or you.

The ideo thot bars

wíll be forced to
:

close becouse oí thz

snoking bon is '
uttar|y unconvincing. As a non-smoker,

In other cíties when the smoking

where smoking bons
were enacted, post-
ban bor" prof its went up. Thzre are more peonle
unwilling to go into the smoke-f illed bors os they
exist today fhon thare ore smokars unwilling to go
into smoke-free areos.
rt is olso foolhardy to ossert thot smokars who líght
up in bars would choose not to frzquent the smokeless
bors.Smokíng,liketalevision. is on octivity thot can be
done ot home, ot any time. Listening to liva music is
thz real draw of tl"re bcr scene - not ubiquitous cigo-
rettes - ond someone who'd miss out on listenin9 to
Áustinls líve music because the|'d rother stoy horne
and light up o cigoretfe is o pretty sod sack.
ban rvas first
proposed, the
prospect of being
able to eat a meal or have a drink with
some friends without being drowned in the
off-putting smell of smoke was wonderful.
It was only when I started to look at the
specifics that I realised that perhaps this
ban wasn't entirely ethical and good willed

l genuinely believe that i]

I feel that this impinges

over the past few years/ § i upon people's rights and

smokers have become no one should be forced
more understanding and
to give up something thev
considerate to our rightly
don't rvant to. Personal health and safety has to dt
health-conscioussociety --**; €ffi
and the question "do you mind if l light up?" !sm ore
prominent than ever,
/
As a student, much of my social life ís spent with Passive smoking is ihe same as car-fume inhalatio_
friends in both bars and restaurants. Those oí my a little lighter on the lungs. but the long term effe,
friends who do smoke have become more accus- just as prominent; it is just so idiotic and not sensilrlt
tomed to 'smoke free' or 'smoking areas'w,ithin
Ancient indians smoked the pipe as do the moder
ihese establishrnents. Tile non-smokers anrongsi us
eastern lslarnic countries and is part of a tradition
have also becorne used to these ciisciolines.
_orn)

1. argue that smoking is a tradiiion that shouldn't be banned?

D

2. compare cigarettes and pipes?

3. claim smokers have recently become more respectful?

4. hint a smoking ban may lack moral basis?

5. argue ihat bars won't be affected by a smoking ban?

ffi 6.
7.
8,
9.
An individual's well-being is privaie.

Smokers and non-smokers need to respect each other,

Politeness is important between smokers and non-smokers.

ln some places, establishments made more money after

a smoking ban was passed.

10. At íirsi the thoughi of a smoking ban was nice.

/
 ,
M:,"
Read the text and answer the questions. Put a círcle round the letter of the correct answer.

,-:

While showing an impressive growth prenatally, the human brain is not comPleted at birth.
place in
There is considerable brain growth during childhood with dynamic changes taking

the human brain throughcut life, probably for adapiation to our environments.

Defining intelligence is highly problematic, ls there an 'intelligence' that equips us to

solve

all kinds of problems and answer all questions, regardless of their nature? Or are
there

rjiffei.eiit inieiiigeiices iiiaI ireip us cieai wiih pariicuiar probiems anci soiuiions? The scientific
community ts divtded on the iSsUe,

One of the main tenets underpinning the idea oí a single entity 'intelligence'
is the c0ncept of 'General lntelligence', or 'g',

Devised by English psycho|ogist, charles spearman, in the early 20th century, 'g'
was a statistical measure of períormance

a variety of tests.

tended to use a Part in their brains that he t

Spearman found that the same people who did well in a variety of mental tests
,g,. ,g,
laid the foundation for the notion of a single inte|ligence, which enab|es us to undertake
e'leryday menta| tasks,
This

lT' ,r ..
pai-i of ihe brain cailed the 'laterai Preíroniai
:
A recent study seems to endorse Speai.man,s theoi,y. Reseai,ch has foi;nd ihai a
puzzles,
cortex, is the only area of the brain to increase in blood flow when volunteers tackle complicated

people questioning boih the staiistical Process and the simPlistic

Spearman,s concept, however, is still highly controversial with many
,g,.
There is also a body of research that states ihat our mental abilrty is a function of social
factors such as
nature of

and not one's inherent bio|ogical make-up.

The early Greeks ihought the brain was the home cí your soul, rather than your intellect, TheY believed that thinking haPPened
an organ oí intelligence and thought,
somewhere around the lungs! Not until the seventeenth century was the brain seen aS

concept of the mind emerged.

l[|]lxh i
of which is PerhaPs ihe lQ, or
There are a number of difíerent methods which purport to measure inteiligence, the most Íamous m,---_,
,lntelligence ,Stanford-Binet lntelligence Scale' began life in early 20th century Paris, as part oÍ AlÍred Binet's
Quotient, test, The
Víere considered "retarded",
eííortsio educate children wiih learning difíiculties. Those that obtained a Score below their ag8

is Íar Írom simPie. There are iwo

lQ is a,psychometric,tesi, rneaning it nieasui.es rneniaI ability. Hovlevei,, defining inteIligence

schools oí ihought. The first believes in an inheriiec, geneiicaily detelmined inieiiert

thai can be measured, The second grcup
background, TheY also
psychoiogists betieve in many intelligences, the cieveiopmeli oí which may be ihe i'esult oí our social
, oblemaiic, This ]s*c!e ]s ,:tg+!ng and
,allti be .tuciec Íor 5i33;'' ic come, b';i Íor now
lhat measuring, these,inie iligene*s is also pt
 l.it summary of this passage is:

:;n and PsYchological studies behind intelligence

have created a concept which they think may
E become the
,19 iactor in understanding the cognitive process.
'General Inteiligence, o, ,g, scientifically proves, through
E

E
:'StS, that the Part of the brain, which enables us to take-
on everyday tasks, is in fact what Spearman terms
: ldY of research shows that mental ability is a
function of sociai factors and not biology.

caPaci§ for intelligence is a learned process and specifying it is difficult,

, -11
argue academics. Spearman,s
:dividual intelligence coined 'g' is a form of measurement bui, disputed
and having been tested, suggests
' :lausible; helPing us to comPlete mundane tasks. Other research proposes that ou]r mental aptitude stems
--:ation rather than inherited disposition, Methods such as the I.Q tesi have been created; however, psy-
are split between opposing ideas; Nature vs. Nurture.

,: still unknown how and whY intelligence develops, one psychologist,

:t is
Spearman. has some theories that
--JerPin manY of the ideas behind it. His research supports his ,g, idea of single entity .intelligenle: ;";;
------^^Ö--'-- Yr vr:
rn the issue.
.anV Other academicq éióug
-!ÉuviiiiUJ lrqrro nflrar-,;^ó ^--:J^-^Oii illeitiai abtitty has been backeci up' in
e-^^_-^_,^S eviűence
Uliiciivibü. Jijcaiman
:ars bY the LQ test, which suggests that inheritance genetically determines
inielligence and can be meas-
easily.
Ul É.

)rmance acr

::ssage develops in which of the following ways?

that he t
_:damentals - psychologists'problem-free theory - another man's interpretation - continuing difficulties
l taclrc
^. JgllEls - trcw ltlctll()uS
L .l: ,^_ ^ !l_ _ t
^'í:^ - ^__. - Spllt VleWS

d information - highlY debatable -

Prcgress in undeistanding - creaiing a forrrr of measurement _

s theories - SuPPorting eÜdence - opposing academic üews -

throughout history - forms of measurement
ng factors - further analysis
,he simplistic

:-.es the author initiatly describe the process 6. What is the author's purpose in paragraph 5?
ing intelligence? a) to provide scientific evidence
lubious b) to discredit cther theories
g happened
c) to educate on the brain functions
ihought, d) to criticize former research methods t

7. Horv did other forms of measurement differ from

certain research towards Spearman's Spearman's?
ips ihe lQ, or
lon determined? a) they had a further scope of knowledge
-Jfred Binet's
rrrmerical analysis b) it showed the range of intellect
'retarded",
prwious developed data c) it was determined by age
.ous physical tests d) tests were carried out from a young age
:re are two icaiiy inheriteci informatron
:rnd grcup 8. =,,\;]:-,, does th= a-"iii:cr sirgqesi ies*arch ivli] b*
. _^,:,,
]: ._ _
,,.:,,.:_.::a-- -;__
:

..., : :' :_ :-_-. -],-:]':-:l,].'. .::: l. ] __'_:.__ ra. :. :- :, : _i, .' :

..,. _- ,.:_.:,,
__:,. _.., '" .',t:_.:-.
You have seen the notice below outside your local library, write a letter
to Mrs. Antrim expressing
your views. write between 750 and 200 words,

Because of poor federal funding the Mont Blanc

Memorial Library will be closing beginning June
4th. The building, books and bookcases will be
auctioned off the following Friday.

Mrs. Antrim,
ivioni Bianc Librarian

your friend íntends to attend a suíTlnler programme that you attended last Year. Write a letter to
yo)ur'friend gíving some advíce about the hőtiday. Write between 200 and 250 words,
,essing
*,
&,

:=*=*.

Ietter to
@ Tirne AiBowed: 3 hours
l

Listening
Reading
Writing

Bns€ructiores to CarTdidates
Answer ail the questions.
A!! your ans,\^I*i^§ rnusi be ,.^/i^iiten irr i;:k :,lcl nenc!!.
 LlSTENlNG
You will hear eight short unfinished conversations. Choose the best reply to continue the conversation.
circle round the letter of the best reply. First, look at the example. you will hear the conversations once
Example: Speaker 1: 15 thís the right sizú
Speaker 2: t think it'§ oK.
Speaker 1: We should have checked the size bef ore we had bought it.
Speaker 2: ................
al whv do vou aslQ
@ vou are iight, but ít's too late now.
c) |ve checked the shop.
d| Nobody told us to buy it

1. a} l can't tell you anything.

bl Why on earth not?
c} Will you? How's that?
d} lsn't it there anymore?

2. a) l hadn't figured it out,

b) Sometimes l want to arrive early.
c) lt worked out iust fine,
d) 0f course! We all did.

3. a) We like you more than you think.

b) lt was fun to see you, too.
e) A little bit but quite enough.
d) Not so great these days,

4. a} lt isn't here; l've already checked,

b) |n the bin, l reckon.
c) lt looks 0K now.

d) lt was founded near my city,

a) l'll check if it's oui of stock.

b) But of course there is! Don't worry!
c) There might not be; you never know.
d) How can you be so certain?

6. a) l can't now. lt's too late.

b) lt doesn't have to,
c) l left you some presents.
d) lt wasn't very enjoyable.

7. a) l will go later with her parents.

bl Maybe next time l will,
c) l don't think she'd come if ldid,
dl Couldn't she have a ride with you?

ó. r! ',',].l't,? ::,t!3:',,, ,'v::.

]
- L_ _] :, ._

! ,.1rs;1. crs _|_.::l .1..-:

:j i; ::3i ,:_e:.,
 i

|,ersation. p|ff
,,.ar three conversatioyls. Listen to the conversations and answer the questíons below, Put a
,
_-,nd the letter of the correct answer. You will hear each conversation once only, Look at the
for Conversatíon One,

1,1 What does the man want the woman to do?

a} get her work published.
F!q.@'3@-e
b) start writing a journal.
c} read a paper.
d} submit a paper to him,

i,2 The woman is the man's

a) student.
b) friend.

c) teacher,
d} colleague.

,1,41 TL^ ^h^^^^.l h^,

l l,c YYVllloll LlldliÉcu llcl llilllu ^L^.,+
-;^; oUUuL
a} her husband opening a pub,
hl tllnrlrino in r nrth

c} investing in a pub,
d} losing money on a pub.

2,2 The woman wants

a) ihe man io be happy,
b) io work in ihe pub.
al tn rrrn tha nlh harcal{
v, PuU ,lUl Jvll.

d) to spend money on a pub.

3.1 The man is angry because

a) his proíessor didn't give him back his test,
b} he studied too hard íor a test.
c} he didn't do well on a test.
d} the woman did better on a test than him.

32 The woman suggests the man

a} study harder.
b} raik ;r his arofess,lll,.
o.,l*t]], .il i;.]: i:x'| i:ii,
"i
+j gal aajr:3 .i,]ai;] í3i.
You will hear a radio broadcast. Listen to the talk and complete the notes below. write short answers (
words). An exampleis donefor you. At the end of thetalk you wíll havetwo minutesto readthrouqh
check your answers. you will hear the talk once only,

@ilillTlt4g

lLi

l11,"r:1-';

& --:
- Guegt: Caiálin hftlar

- Fxating vxiatÁong when 6Mnq flowerg ao a 6iftz

-2 popular tegíivalg for tlower gifting:

- Flowarg approvriabe for 2 formal pereorlal gitualions, like when youz

, Flowerg are the moet popular 6ift for:

- ?eonieg are the moot povular wedding qift in:
q!] ,r"] [

- ?otied plarrbe are not avvropriabe aa gitto inz ü:

l
- íhe 2 mogb appropriale forms tor a óirthday flower gift in Rusgia; t

- Floarcr thab ghoulárlt be 6iven in *lqland:

- Floarcrg are NOT given in elen numbera in:

ffrya

answers
through
:re intervíew and answer the questíons. Put a circle round the letter of the correct Gnswer.
is done iar yau. you will hear the canversation once only.

why doesn't the woman understand glabal warminE

a) tt ís too much to process
@ lt is too scientifíc
d She ís taking a class on it
d) Her teacher wasn't good

s the relationship between El Nino and global 5, What needs to be done according to UN's scientists?
a) to cut C02 emissions by 60% at once

are the same thing b}to cut C02 emissions gradually by 60%
are interrelated c) to cut C02 emissions by at least 7%

have nothing to do with each other d}to cut methane emissions by 60% immediately
L^rL
-ljJ L^.,^ l^ l^,.,i+L ^..--^^l^
^^^^6 l í-ul
ii i íi(ivc LrJ uv vv l Ll i ULtral l cl lLJ

]0es the man think about giobai warming? 6, What has the i.jS agreeo t0 do?
s a real problem and we must take action a) to reduce CO2 emissions by 70% from 1990 levels

s a problem for the future generations to solve b} to reduce C02 emissions by 7% from 1990 Ievels
scientists believe it is real c) to reduce CO2 emissions by 60% írom 1990 levels

si't important d}to reduce C02 emissions by 16% from 1990 levels

,liii ihe effecis of ioday's poiiution be evideni 7. Whai planei has a "rLinaway green house effeci"?
atmosphere? a) Earth

_, years b) Venus

:, YearS c} Mars

d) the Sun

il) years

b üre main cause of global warming? 8, What does the man compare to a drug addici?
:;lning of íossil fuels a} people on earth not doing enough

about global warming

b} scientisis who wani to prevent global warming
*} pcopie v,/hc dgn't believe ii, globa| warming
jl 1:;., i l._,; , 1 .. ,:: :^i:i|.
 READING
Read the f ollowing text then read the ten statements A-J. Fíve of these statements are correct
according to the text Tíck (r/) Ue boxes of the correct sentenc.es. Do NoT tick more than f ive boxes.
Leave the other five boxes blank.

ln Japan, because the school year begins in April, the graduation cere-
mony usually occurs in early March. Third-year Senior High School stu-
dents (equivalent to 12th grade in Canada and the United States) take
their finals in early February, so they are able to pass entrance exami-
nations in universities prior to graduation. This break may contribute
to the emotional charge of the event.

Although Japanese schools differ greatly in size (from a mere dozen

to thousands of students), the nature of the graduation ceremony itself remains similar. lt usually iakes place in
the school auditorium or agora, or for poorer schools, in the gymnasium. Special drapes, curtains and scrolls
@ --e
are hung to the walls and doors, A certain number of chairs are reserved for parents {usually mothers) to
come, as well as local officials, The students do not wear robes or mortarboards. Depending on the school,
they might have to buy and wear a one-time only graduation uniform. Most of the time they simply wear their
regular schoo| uniform.

l, _-=^
At first, all students from the lst and 2nd grades (equivalent to 10th or llth grade} wait. Then the graduates
march in to the sound of a classical march, often rendered by the school's brass band. A complex series of
announcements are made, which cue the students to stand up, bow, sit down, The homeroom teacher for each
class calls out the names of his or her students in the usual gender-split alphabetical order. This means that
boys are called out in alphabetical order first, then the girls, Upon hearing their names, the students say 'Hai'
or "Yes" and remain at attention until all students have been called, Recently some schools have disconiinued
splitting the class by gender. Both the national anthem and school song are sung by everyone. The head of the
student council reads a short congratulatory address to the graduates, This is different from a valedictorian
sPeech. Unlike a valedictorian's speech, it is somewhat pre-set and heavily edited by the teachers responsible
for the ceremony,

Afterwards, the principal launches into a long-winded speech as is the tradition in most schools. Perseverance,
hard work and patience are the most common themes brought up on the occasion.
The principal might wear a full tuxedo, complete with handkerchief and white gloves. The student's lD number
and name are read out loud, the diploma is handed over in full size (not rolled-up). The student receives it with
both hands, raises it up in the air and bows to the principal before leaving the stage. There can be background
music playing in the meantime, either from tape or CD, or provided by the school's brass band,

I
eú
'ive boxes.

}..S place in

1j Scrolls
}:S) to

l School,

,t ear their

g.aduates

§e,ieS of
r:, for each
e:ls that
s say 'Hai'
s: lntinued
f --:
l -:ad of the
e: ctorian
t.consible

tr:: VeranCe,

] lumber
r .:s it wiih
l : ?3kground
Read the text. Use the sentences labelled (A-H) to complete the text. Write the letter of the missing
sentence in the box in the correct gap. There are bruo extra sentences you will nat need.

ln 1962, o time when Jomoico wos copying the musicol siyle of Americo, Cecil Buslomente A,

Compbell, loter known os prince Buster, felt thot somelhing new wos needed. He hod his
5-
guitarist Jch Jer.ry emphcsise the cfierbect insteod oí il,,e downbecit. To present doY, the ofierbeot is
esseniiol to

c.
Jomoicon syncopofion. Another ortist, Rosco Gordon, is credited with the developmenl of Sko. E-_l 'o, 'O
wos born. D.
'moke lhe guitors
orre doy he wos trying to get the guitors to ploy something, ond he storied soying
E!- l
Sko!. Sko!, Skol' And thot's the woy íhe sko nome wos used for lhe first time.

At the some time porloble donce music operotors running 'Sound Sysiems' compeled
for Public
§-l
porties to couse
The sound s}/slem wor esccloted to the pcint thot peop|e were seni to competiioi, sound syslem G

problems ond fight. §-l ;.{

Throughout lhe l9óO,s the ghetto oreos of Jomoico were filling up with youíhs looking for
work Íhoi did not exist.

youths drew group identity os "Rude Boys". The woy the Rude Boys donced the sko wos differ
E-_lrhese
os well: slower w1h o menocing posiure. The Rude Boys connected with lhe underworld, those who lived
outside

mood of
the low, ond this wos reflecled in the lyrics of the music. Sko music once ogoin chonged to refleci the

rude with more tension in the boss, os opposed lo the previous free-wolking boss stYle.

Sko went to Englond with the immigronis of the eorly l9óO's ond wos initiolly known os'Bluebeol'. This
wos c

I wos recorded in Englond in l9ó4 íor tsland Records ond feotured o

ered lhe second wove oí sro. &§-l
young English Mod, Rod Steworl, jusl beginning his own music coreer on Hormonico. Sko goined PoPuloritY

the Mod scene.

Recenily sko hos enioyed onother wove of populority. The third wove exisis in monY forms ond combines
monY

diííererisfyiss of rock ,,,,,ljih skc rhyihms cncl insirumeniciion.

k*

; led to the birth of the Jomoicon recording

)sSeni

l(
l-

he guitors

;blic populol

es to couse

id not exisl

wos differ

ved ouíside

mood of i

ls wos cons

ieotured o

rlority

res man,,,
Readthefour texts below.There areten questions about the texts. Decidewhich text (A, B, C or D) tell§
you the answer to the question. The fírst one is done f or you.
I don't think mobile phones should be
banned. I won't lie about it; I'm guilty
of being üstracted while driving due to
talking on my mobile phone, but it's a
personal decision. It kind of upsets me
that they've banned mobile phone usage
for teens in some places. Teens are not
the only ones that get distracted.
I'm pretty sure if the cop sees you eating or putting
up on (if appropriate) would caution you or giye you
ticket. It's dangerous driving.
The big thing about banning using your handheld
whíle driving, is that giving big fines is not enough.
has to be social pressure saying
"It's not cool". Just like as it is with drunk-driving.
In the UK you get 3 points on your license (12
and a f30 íine. Apparently that wasn't a big enough
deterrent, and now they are talking about an §lr000
but people use their mobile phones less because
drivers look at you with scorn.
If you are important enough people can wait for you
call them back when you arrive... or pull the hell or
vhiBe you have to talk. One life is a§ready too rn,nan1,
_lcse i;ecause sonieone "hai to" rralie iih,at cal!"
:orD)t

1, argue just giving fines for talking on mobile phones while driving is
for not enough?
D

then
2. express that talking on the phone while driving should be a decision
made by the individual?

]
3. admit to using the phone while driving?

4. argue that ear pieces are a good idea?

5. claim that there are other e|ectronic devices, too, that distract
people while driving?

6. There needs to be a social change to deter people from talking

on mobile phones while driving.
putting
7, Penalties in the UK are increasing for talking on mobile phones
give you
while driving.

8, lt is unfair that some people are specifically iargeted by the |aw.

q Banning mobile phones in cars won't make a big diííerence.

enough.
10. People should use mobi|e phones when driving only when
it is absolutely necessary,

enough
§1,000

t for
heIl
ímany
 ;a.
§
§

t-
.it
Read the text and ansl^ter the questions. put a circle round the Ietter of the correct answer.
r
|uil
pll]

|,
I
What is the hottest thing in music right now? A pair of video games
-
Guitar Hero and Rock Band. Anyone can play. The gar
allow you to become a member of the band. Each game offers a range of pop music
guitars and drums. What makes these video games so much more impressive
hits on game contro|lers that lool( io
than "air guitar,,-is that through tr,u u.. or lon
called the lnstrument Game Controller the player actually experiences the visceral
feeling of performing .r.i.. you can even
improve if you practice.

So, why not orchestra Hero? What if lcorrlr| "nlavl'thp hnrn qnln in|tTill trlrlancniaaa|le lllElly
llll LulvllJPlL6,9lJ l\/l^,.,, D-^_!.^ll ^_ _ ll^__!._^lt
Ilqilhs Uil d UUll[loller íloíll or
bassoon solo at the opening of "The Rite of Spring" on a "controller bassoon"? What
if l could bang out the timpani part in the
movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony or the clarinet solo at the beginning
of "Rhapsody in Blue,,? What if l could stand in f
of the entire orchestra and conduct Mahler's Ninth Symphony? The possibilities are astounding.
And they could soon be reality
Rock Band will soon be opening its formai to classical music.

The Period from the earlY 1700s through the mid 1930s boasted a rich palate for
the Western orchestra, From the Baroque
Posers such as Bach and Vivaldi through to the transformative Beethoven symphonies and onward
to the huge works oí Mahll
Shostakovich, the orchestra evolved into a massive vehicle for musical expression.
rnents that imPacted the cultural and political dialogues of the West, Unfortunately,
This is when big statements were made -
this is a claim the orchestral world can no
onger make, ComPeting now with movies, television, the lnternet and popular music,
the orchestra no longer has the platform
cu]tural dialogue that it once held.

3u1 :or re, as a composer, the orchestra still holds a sonic power that is hard
to beat. one simple reason is that the orches
a]l the best toYs. Some of mY favourites include the contra-bassoon, standing five feet tall and covered with
knobs and
lowls deep and dark grumbly tones. The French horn is a conch-like
curl oí silvery metal plumbing that blasts a clear pure tc
and can be like an angel singíng above the choir. The glistening sleek trombones
with their sliding tubes are the go_to power
machines, When theY get boisterous they can easily shake the audience
to their core, Another reason, for me, is ihe magic in
sYnchronicitY of the ensemble -
the whole orchestra acting together. A hundred instrumentalists can, with
exact accuracy, di
second into 16 micro-Parts and Play an off-beat note on any one of those 16th
notes. ln fact, they do this as a matter of cour

perhaps the most interesting

interaction with classical music that l've had was a commission from the
Beethoven Festival in
GermanY, to write a new Piece for orchestra that referenced Beethoven
in some way, lt was a challenging request ..J ,",. .
wasn't sure how to Proceed. ln the end, l decided to take one theme
from each movement of Beethoven,s seventtr Symphony i
work with them as if theY were mY own. The audience at the premiere
of "Rewriting Beethoven,s Seventh Symphony,,,was one
the most musically conservative l've ever faced. l fully realized that what l
set out to composé was going to be controversial
ciallY to Beethoven Purists" When the music was over, the audíence was decidedly
mixed, l was booed and l was called a prool
But this Was one of its successes. lt engaged an audience that usually turns
off when new music is presented, The piece built
bridge from the new to the old as it drew from a music that the audience revered.
On the opposite end, perhaps, could Orche
Hero be a bridge for those who are versed in video games but barely know that
classical music exists? Controller bassoon,
 l

best summary of this passage is:

PoPular new video games let gamers "play" in a rock band, but this is less culturally advanced than classical
rvhich has a rich history. The author is a classical composer rvho is showing the way to the tuture through his
and who hopes that a classical version of the video games may help others to understand his music.

r Hero and Rock Band are two verv popular video games. The author thinks that they should be adapted
: gamers can play classical music because he fears it is losing its cultural relevance. He wrote a piece of music
on Beethoven's 7th symphony that made classical music fans become interested in rock. Now, he wants to
rlay. The
lusic tc rnake rock fans become interested in c]assical music.
lat look and
e use of
new video games let gamers "play" an instrument in a rock band. And now, these games are planning to
]U can even
:.assical music too, which was once culturally very important but is no longer. Like the author's modern take
::,rkens 7th symphony, which allowed some traditionalists to appreciate modern music, maybe an "orchestra
,, luld allorv gamers to appreciate classical music.
.riiei, iioi,tt" or
ani part in the
culd stand in f assage developsin which of the following ways?
rcn be reality 's
popular in the music scene; the next big thing; history of classical music; author's favourite music;
instruments; the future of music.

he Baroque -,'ideo games; "Orchestra Hero?"; classical music's changing role in society; author's view of classical music,
rorks of
experience; a hope for the future.
vere made -
world can no
idea for a video game: why "Orchesira Hero" is a good idea; lristory of classical music; lvhy the author is
the platform an amazing performance,

tt the or
rs and
:iear pure
go-to power ,_. impressive about the video games? 6. The author considers classical music magical for
ihe magic in _--
_ ! L-li_
rrrr5^ ^{ _^-f.,-*
Ur PUr ;_ ^
rvt rrrritÉ. what reason?
accuracy, extreme popularity.
_r a) The hundreds of rnstrumentalists.
natter of itisic ifiev use. b) The speed of the 16th notes.
:ilficuitv involved. c) The large size of the instruments.
t Festival in
d) The synchronicity of the orchestra.
;t and for a
the author feel about the possibility of
:h Symphony
Hero"? 7. How could you describe the author's own attempt
3ny," WaS
controversial
at classica] music?

called a a) awkward
,e piece built b) innovative
could ve. c) profound
r bassoon, d) traditional
:-tusic no longer does what?
-
. -:::il::.l:,l,:'"! :. 8. What positives could ccrne frorn a fresh aporoach?
_ ] .,'_] ai a m<.rle coi:necied a.udierics
:,, ,] -;:,:;,,,.-:-,' -,,:,._,
i ] .: l::,",_:'.'r, j ', l
j:"]:]
;.:,=;:-
iii ai: edighl:ned au<jieiice
 á-,-lr-.*-§;_ ili+ iS
;.-*é-:á-ri **aT., ,tr
,

wRlTlNG

, ,] .. ,...'].
=wlMllls
&
§
§

You have seen the notíce below. Wríte a letter to the town council expressing your víews. Wríte
between 150 and 200 words.
lr

Beginning on Monday, August 4th we will be beginning construction on a new

children's playground in Mayóerry Park" We will also be putting in a new
football field as well as three more basketball court§. Because of this, the park
will be closed until construction is finished.

Thank you,

Francestown Town council

For a birthday present you are writing a letter to a relative teltíng him or her how much you care
and explainíng how Ímportant famíly ís to you. write between 200 and 250 words.
Time Alowed: 3 hours
Listening
Reading
Writing

lnstructions to candidates
Answer all the questions.
All your answers mu§t be written in ink not pencil,
 Test l
ű

LlSTENlNG
you will hear eight short unfinished conversotíons. Choose the best reply to continue the conver.sation, Put
círcle round tnő Etter of thie best reply. Fírst, look at the example. You wíll hear the conversations once 'l m

- Speaker 1: ls thi§ the right sizü

á<ample:
Speaker 2: l think it's oK.
,M"

ila
speaker 1: we should have checked the size bef ore we had bought it-
Speaker 2: ..........-.....
ql why do you ask?
@ vou are right, but iís too late now.
if l've checkeá the shop,.
d1 Nobody told us to buy it.

a) l rather doubt that,

b} He went alone, in the end.
c} What's wrong with that?
d} You never know; maybe he will,

2. a) lt couldn't be any worse,

b) We shouldn't iump to conclusions.
c) What a relief!
d) They seem to have.

3. a) lt isn't clear what your plan is.

b) lt was fun to make plans with you.

c) A little bit difíerent than this week.
d) Just to relax for once.

4. a) l have to; no choice really.

b} You're not really going, are you?
c) Serves you right.
di l ihought about a reality TV show.

5, a) Sure; we have plenty of room.

b) Perhaps you could've come too.
c) Yes, it is a long time.
d} 0h, no, it's not a long journey.

6. a) Yes he did. Just a bit late.

b} He did. But he didn't deserve it,
c) l don't think l want to.
d) Whereabouts was he?

7. a} l was expecting more from you.

b} 0h! That's hilarious!
c) l can't see why not!
d} Will you work ii out then?

a} 'l'o1_1',le li]:"ll,,i r,;i,i, lt s,::,:l::'_

.:: Sc ,e_ 3 !3 ri :il L -'.'11: =- .

ryI I

sation.ou' ,l
ons once onl| hear a radio broadcast- LÍsterr to the radio broadcast and complete
"lill (t-s words). the notes below. Write short -
,ers An example is done f or you. At the end of the tali you itilt haie
wvo minutes to read
-4h and check your answers. You wilt heár the talk once o,nly.

1ubjectz Eitthday Fartiag for Children

íhe bhtháay ?afty cotllá ba áayo away from:

The niqhb belore the child'g birtháay:

The bedroom door áecoraliong will remind the chilá it}g:

ln the moming, íake the chilá otst fon

lsb the chilá chooa6: .................

ít}o importarít to congrahiabe yo.Jr chilá on:

At the family dinner table, hane aneryone; .............,.

Whab ig oiqnificant, ig tor the kid to: ......,,..

Your child will enjoy it more if he faelg anxioua when:

_dɧj
 :r..
§
§§:
: .-:j'

will hear three conversatíoyts. Listen to the conversations and answer the questions below. Put a
lé round the letter of the carrect answer. you will hear each conversation once only. Look at the
for Conversation one.
P,.
í@
1.1 what time will the man leave?
a) 9am
b} 3pm
c} 5pm
d) 6pm

L.z The woman and the man

a) don't see each other ofien.
b) are neighbours, l|]ir -:
c) see each other once a week.
l*

d) live together.
tr'i
, ili -t

i:
2.1 Where are the man and woman? d,
a)
I

on a bus
b) at a restaurant
c) at home
d) at the beach

2.2 The man and woman decide

a) to go home. ffi
b) to go to the beach.
c) to go to a restaurant,
d) to sit in the bus, lfr]l1"E

r:
ü-
3.1 The man is late because
a) he got lost hiking.
b) he got lost driving.
cl he decided io go hiking.

d) his friend was lost,

3.2 The woman was

a! tnlnrri"d
l_! -;^:,

:, ,:
l,i; a j.'],,
 TEST 3

o§
he§ R
t*io the interview and answer the questions, put a circle round the letter of the correct
§ ans^ler.
# §
::mpl? ís done f or you. You will hear the conversation once only.

e: Where did Meryl lones first see "Hello Mama!"?

@ o, Broadway
b) in a local movie theatre
d in Creece
d) in London

: ,vhom did Meryl Jones went to see Hello Mama 5. What did Meryl Jones think about the producers?
, ''lst time she saw ii? a| they were very generous
,É,ten-year
old daughter b)they were hard to please
-", husband cl they weren't there during the filmíng of the movie
b entire cast of the movie d) they insisted on having full control
l her friends
6. Did Mery| Jones do all the stunts herself?
, iid Meryl Jones do aíter she saw a) somebody replaced her in some scenes
-lsical on Broadway? bl she danced and sang the songs herself
;t sent a thank you note to the cast c} she could only sing but not dance
:t ,vent to her daughter's birthday party d} she was too exhausted to do both
;-t ,vorked as a singer singing the songs
re cought the cast's costumes 7. What song did Meryl Jones have the
most difficuli time learning?
. ,vas Hello Mama íilmed? a| My Heart Goes
b| all the 'The Rockies'songs

c) the song of the introduction

Mon and Greece d} the disco song
-:" lj,d

8. How does Meryl Jones feel aboui her fellow cast

ü Meryl Jones feel about singing the songs? members in Hello Mamd
luioyed it a} she feels close wiih them
lús]iked it b) she feels she didn't see enough of them
t were too many songs to sing c} she dislikes sorne of them
s hard work :, sir: í::: i.::;:í::.;_-i1 l.,j,: ;-3-
 € ,-i.. -.li. *i i*..
'- *. is,é. <15
*.::**i -.d L {:_
\;
i

Z
f

READING

Read the f ollowing text then read the ten statements A-J. Five of these statements are correct
according to the text. Tíck (,I) the boxes of the correct sentences. Do NoT tick more than f ive boxes.
Leave the other five boxes blank.

Nail Varnish has been around longer than you might imagine, since at
least 3,000 BC, Varnish originated at that time in China. The early mixture
was a hodgepodge of bees' wax, gelatin, gum arabic, and egg whites.
Gum Arabic is a natural product íound in the African tree of the genus
Anania Tha
l li9 í'hinaca
vllltlvJg qlJv arlrlarl fha
elcn qvwwv Lll9 nai:lc nf {lntrlorc
vl ct tnh uJ
llvlrvt J Juvll ac lrncac
vJvJ anr{
ulru
'lvuwtu. PUlulJ

orchids, and alum to their polish. During the same time period, upper
class members in Egypt wore nail varnish similar in texture to lacquer
paint. The paint signiíied money and prosperity. l wonder what colour Cleopatra preferred.

During the Chou Dynasty, around 600 BC, the royal colours were metallic gold and silver. So, the varnish colour
choice for royalty was the samé. lt seemed that whatever the Dynasty colour was that was the colour worn
on people's nails of the Chinese upper class, lf the lower class attempted to wear nail varnish, they could be
punished by death. The varnish at the time was coloured with natural pigments.

Michelle Menard invented the modern nail.varnish in the 1920's, Flapper girls and later, Hollywood starlets wore
bright red. Pin-up girls such as Lana Turner always had on the requisite red lips and red nails for photo sessions and

walks down the red carpet. Varnish is actually similar to car paint. lt requires a remover made of acetone,

Colours range from black to green today. The names are just as diverse and often quite exotic - passion
peach, ravishing red, and brave blue are just a few examples. Some men, such as Steven Tyler of Aerosmith,

are known for wearing varnish, He seems to always have a dark colour such as black on his nails. Sa//y's puis
out products designed to colour as well as strengthen your nails. Other companies advertise for nail growth.
Modern nail varnishes are produced from nitrocellulose dissolved in a solvent, Nitrocellulose is a polymer
derived from cellulose that has been treated with sulfuric and nitric acids, ln Florida u.sA, where the sandal is
the shoe of choice, Nail varnish runs rampant.

Keeping your varnish in the refrigerator, as my daughter and l do, will keep the solution from getting clumpy
and prolong its shelf liíe, lf you can't put in the refrigerator, keep it away from direct heat and sunlight. Prices
range írom ninety-nine pence to over twenty-five pounds per bottle, Luckily for all nail varnish wearers oí
today, you no longer have to be a rnember oí royalty to sport your favourite colour. So go ahead, do like
Cleopaira and paini your nails.
 TEST 3

A. Noil vornish wos first used in Africo

ish colour
r WOrn

luld be

Iets wore

sions and

sion
,osmith,

t/y's puts
growth.

ner

sandal is

clumpy

;ht.Prices
,s of

o like
Read the text Use the sentences labelled (n-H) to complete the text write the letter of the missing
sentence in the box in the correct gap. There are two extra sentences you will not need.

The use of noiive oromotic herbs ond flowers to sweeien the oir hod been known for o very long time.

lt wos common for people to weor o gorlond of flowers,lo hong frogront plonts indoors ond to odd oromolic

to sweet-smelling rushes when they were spreod on o floor. {This lost probobly storted os o Normon cuslom).

ln lhe moking of perfumed preporofions, plonts were usuolly used os dried flowers, dried leoves, dried ond

crushed rools, or extrocls in woler (by mocerotion or digestion}, oils or fats (ond loter olcohol}. An ossociotion

beíween pleosont smells ond good heolth wos very widespreod so there wos consideroble overlop between

perfumery ond heoling.

From the 9th century, there wos greoi trode belween Byzontium ond Venice bringing perfumes inlo Europe.

E-_l
E
I Arcl.!r,:n oerfume
Flwwlull Pgll9lll9 oi,is wei,e
wllJ vYgl g vei,y developed; llu
highl.y vgYglvPvu,
vEl y lll9ll|y hcving ieoi,nt much from the Persions, they used

ingredients from Chino, lndio ond Africo, producing perfumes on o lorge ..ot". ll--l Al-Howi, o book by

Rhozes, who lived in the lote 9th or eorly 10íh century, conloined o chopter on cosmetics.
Ef-l
Musk ond florol perfumes were brought io norlhwest Europe in the l lth ond l2th centuries from Arobio, through

trode wiíh the lslomic world ond with the reíurning Crusoders.
El-l There ore records of the Pepperers

of London which go bock to l 'l79; their octivities include trode in spices, perfume ingredienís ond dyes. There ore

records from lhe reign of Edword l to show lhol spices ond other oromolic exotic moieriols were troded in E

Use of olcohol in períumery wos known in noríhwest Europe in lhe 12th cenlury bul wos not widespreod uniil

A voriont of distilled olcohol. rother lhon olcohol mixed with woter, wos known in Fronce in the 'l3lh century, pre-

pored by using quicklime in the mix to remove much of the woter. Alcohol-bosed perfume wos well known ín

of moinlond Europe ond come into use in Englond in the l4th cenlury.

A common technique wos to extrocl essentiol oil into fot ond use ii like thot or lhen to remove the esseníiol oil

ihe foi with olcohol. Beeswqx wos used os o bose insleod of fois ond oils sometimes. Pot Pourri
*+j l
oriEinolly mode cnd used weí; it §]ü:iid,as fhe residúe of ihe oerfume-rncking pi,ocess
J TEST 3

rT-
notic plon,is

síom}.

lnd

oiion

//een

pe.
F.
rey used
G. lt

look by

r, through

perers Gu

There ore

1 in Englon:

ld until lc:,

tury, pre-

lwn in pc::

,
ntiol oil f

Pourrj v,,,,

i
 ,ei §
p§**§, alri]

Readthe four texts below.there areten questions about the texts. Decidewhich text (A, B, c or o) tells
you the answer to the question. The first one is done f or you.

§
With some illnesses, a child may be ready to go
§§
back to school within a day or two. For example,
§chisandra Herb §
This herb is a shrub naüve to china.
&1.
most viruses that cause the common cold are
ffi,

Its berries are used in traditional §"

& most contagious before symptoms appear. As a
&
Cbinese medicine to promote üe cold progr€sses, less of the virus is shed through
production of body fluids and con- s§
& mucus and the child becomes less contagious.
trol coughing, to increase the body's §.
&.
I{owever, young children can have quite poor
resistance to a broad qpectrum of &
adverse biological, chemical and
&
*í
hygiene. If a child is going to cough or sneeze all
physical effects. Take twice a day §: over classmates, delaying school attendance for
F
when you have a cold for immediate &
a few days should be considered.
t,
results,
 ,sasnll^ p|o] ajoql ,oI
}o sadÁ] Mal e a}nb aje

,aJP|d Ju3ads P ul sMol8 snll^ aql ,6

,}se] Je} 0q} ujoj] sol,llo3 qlaq slql ,8

,Áeme
1qEu la}leq |oat 11,noÁ 'stq1 aunsuoc noÁ ;1 ,
L

,uea;r Átan sÁenn;e

1,uale ua]p|lqc ,9

,c
;sploc la8 }ou op suoqmeu Áqm uleldxa

,t
ipea;ds al? sploo nnoq uteldxa

;esla Ápoqauos o} uo }t ssed o1

,E
'p|oo e q}l^^ uoslad e lo1'snola8uep aloul sl 1t uaqm uleldxa

,Z
iaul]lpau e lo s}llauaq eq1 lo1 an8le

Z|ooq3s tlloJl
o oluoq pllq3 l3ls llaq} dea1 o1 1uem Áeu s}ualBd 1eq1 an8ie ,I
Read the text and anyver the questions. put a circle round the letter of the correct answer.

William Shakespeare (baptised 26 furil 1564 - 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely
regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is
often referred to as England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"), His surviving
works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems, His plays
have been translated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any
other playwright.
Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway,
who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith, Between 1585 and 1592 he began a
successfu! cai.eer in Londcn as an actci,, lvi,itei,, and pai,t oivnci, cf the pla,y-ing company, The Lard Chanberlain's l/Ien, |ater
known as the King's Men.He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later, Few records
of Shakespeare's private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation about such matters as his sexuality, reli-
gious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.
Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1590 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories,
genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century, Next he wrote mainly
tragedies until about 1608, includin g Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest examples in the English
language, ln his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Many
of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime, and in 1623 two of his íormer the-
atrical colleagues published the Flrst Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now
recognised as Shakespeare's,
Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until
the nineteenth century, The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians hero-worshipped
Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry". ln the twentieth century, his work was repeated,
ly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and
are consistently performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.
Between the Restoration oí the monarchy in 1660 and the end of the seventeenth century, classical ideas were in vogue.
As a result, critics of the time mostly rated Shakespeare below John Fletcher and Ben Jonson, Thomas Rymer, for example,
condemned Shakespeare for mixing the comic with the tragic. Nevertheless, poet and critic John Dryden rated Shakespeare
highly, saying of Jonson, "l admire him, but l love Shakespeare", For several decades, Rymer's view held sway; but during the
eighteenth century, critics began to respond to Shakespeare on his own terms and acclaim what they termed his natural
genius. A series of scholarly editions of his work, notably those of Samuel Johnson in 1765 and Edmond Malone in 1790, addec

to his growing reputation, By 1800, he was firmly enshrined as the national poet. ln ihe eighteenih and nineteenth centuries, his repu,
tation also spread abroad. Among those who championed him were the writers Voltaire, Goethe, Stendhal and Victor Hugo,
The modernist revolution in the arts during the early twentieth century, far from discarding Shakespeare, eagerly enlisted his

work in the service of the Avant Garde. The Expressionists in Germany and the Futurists in Moscow mounted productions of
his plays. Marxist playwright and director Bertolt Brecht devised an epic theatre under the influence of Shakespeare, The poe:
and critic T. S. Eliot argued against Shaw that Shakespeare's "primitiveness" in fact made him truly modern, Eliot, along with
G. Wilson Knight and the school of New Criticism, led a movement towards a closer reading of Shakespeare's imagery. ln the
1950s, a wave of new critical approaches replaced modernisnr and paved ihe way ioi, "::si-;-:odern" studies of Shakespeare.
By ihe eighiiss, Snakeso:are studies vv€re op3n ic moli:menis such as Siruciura: s: -=- - s.^ arC Af;,ican-Amerlcan siudies
*"l
,:e best summary of this passage is:

'-:comPlished and renowned poet and playvright, Shakespeare beholds the title of England,s supreme icon in -
:nglish language. An intimate man, in his early years married with
three children, he flourished in his chosen
: FIe produced an array of now famous work; tragedies and comedies. Less admired
during his lifetime; after
rE_r ::ath, his Published editions gained deserved recognition, Regardless
of authenticity, his work has remained
, _red globally.

;" :'rld
famous and highlY regarded poet Shakespeare wrote an abundance
of plays and sonnets. Starting from
::-e beginnings, he pursued a career aS an actor and writer, influenced
by The Lord Chamberlain,s Men, in
::rrd, His work evolved right uP until his death; from there, previous students published
his most famous work.
':-' regarded amongst critics of his time, his work became consistently more popular throughout the world,
:: writer to come out of Stratford-upon-Avon during the late 17th century...
-qreatest or was he? Many argue
ón l.tó, that his work maY not have actually been written by himself, and maybe
':t only supplied to him. The truth wil1
lw records ' s be unknown because little is actually known about his personal life. Classical critics at the time also had
lity, reli- : :oubts, condemning him for his mixture of tragedy and comedy plays.

td historie.
-:. Dassage develops in which of the following ways?
nly

e English
:''' Íe's accomPlishments - the genre of his Art - the authenticity of the work -
hts. Man5 his reputation lives on _ biased
: :-isance critics - a basis for new movements - progression of great plays
irmer the
e plays n
:- high acclaim - the roots of a success story - the years of his prime - circulated and publicised
- recognised in
;:n times - mixed reviews - influential
teights ur:
tipped detail - unknown facts - how his work was made
,
=aPhical public - which type of play he wrote - how his plays
s repeat::" ;n::ceived today - change in thinking - important advocates
lday anc

you describe the author's üew

ln VOgUe Prcould 6. What does the author suggest benefited his work

examplt }Shakespeare? in recent centuries?

lrepticat a) romantic writers
kespear,=

during t-+ b) 19th century admiration

ratural
hgat"ratov c) 17th century critics
1790, a=
l*rO".r, d) influential people
ies, his ,
is the legitimary of the plays still unknown? 7. Why did critics disregard the quality of Shakespeare's
]o.
, , ."k of evidence work?
enlistg:
, , speculation
uctions : a) he had a revolutionary approach
e, The Pitten records show he had a private life b) he had classical ideals
along }was kept concealed c) his work was far too advanced
",:
3ery. l- * d) academics were jealous
lLoc-::,
:id Shakespeare's work become renowned
- ..ier hrs death?
8. M/hat is the author's purpose in paragraph 6?
:,,,-. i} :r a. a-o.,:,,:, Ei: :S a) to inform on other writers
,:, : h) i,' l_:si.a,j .\- :.:l]''_r r:i: work
LIrv inttv&VL vl Jtr@

d) to suggest further reading

 ,é"_ §.
€q_
]§§i: §i

You have seen the notice below at your school. Write a letter to Mr. penny expressing your víews.
wríte between tso and 200 words.

This yearwe will not be holding basketball try outs because the school does
not have the money to fund the sport. We will offer an hour every day after
school where students are free to use the school gnnnasium to practice,
but there will not be a coach or organised games. 'We're very sorry for the
inconvenience.

-Mr. Penny, Head Teacher

tr
&
9FEffi€#

Your friend ís coming to visít Write a letter exptainíng what plans you have for his/her tríp. Write
between 200 and z50 words.

t
*1

|L/S.
&

# *
*9.
].&

§
Time Allowed: 3 hours §
p
Ustening §i

, Reading §:

Writing §g
§

lnstructions to candidates ts
§
á
Answer all the questions. &
§
Allyour answers must be written in ink not pencil. 1"
 *&.
§€;f.
-_s
Te
LlSTENlNG,
,F
you wíll hear eight short unfinished conversatíons. Choose the best reply to continue the conversation. Put Ó
circle round thő lener of thie best reply. rirst, look at the example. you will hear the conversations once onlt ,:u
Example: Speaker 1: 15 this the right siz2 -,a
Speaker 2: l think ít's oK. il?
Speaker "l: we should have checked the size bef ore we had bought it.
Speaker 2: ................ !l!
al Whv do you aslQ
@
vou ,r,
right, but it's too late now.
c) t've checked the shop.
d) Nobody told us to buy it.

l. al About what? Can't you tell me?

bl Why? Am l deaf?
c} l can't hear very well any more.
d) l would rather go out than stay here.

2. a} l thought I didn't make it.

bl Sometimes l am.
cl There's nothing you can do aboui it.
dl l wouldn't miss it,

3. a} At least 10 times in each room.

b) Just a íew. The room is small.
c) There's plenty of room íor us,
d} We all love this show, anyway,

4. a} |'m aware of it.

b) Don't try so hard.

c} |'m considering it, though.
d} l realise this isn't right.

5. a) That's nice of you to say.

b} Excuse me! What did you say you think?
c} l thought so, but don't take my word for it.
d} Really? How's that?

6, a} Recently, l'm told,

b) Quite far away.
c} ln two days, the laiest,
dl When she meets her new colleagues.

7. a) l know what you mean.

b) No; you know how prepared we are.
c) Well, there's always a risk, isn't there?
d} Yes, well, it wouldn't surprise me.

E. a} Aoo:, ,a:t r,r,':l] .,,r, r,- ":, .^

,,,, -'r',,'- :: ,

U/
^1 i,]3r:i]l j::- ,_

d} Much iaisí, j lresul,i:,

q§.F={
TEST 4

ltion. Pú:. I
4s once :i,!fl three conversations. Listen to the conversations andl answer the questions below. Put a
,tlilt hear
: e round the letter of the correct answer. You wíll hear each conversation once only. Look at the
ions for Conversation one.

1.1 The woman is a

a) helpful friend
@!@{ b) ferry operator
c) hotel worker
d) travel agent

1-2 The man

a) chooses the first ferry the woman suggests
b) says he's very flexible but in reality isn't
c) won't take an overnighi ferry
d) wants help finding a hotel

2.1 Where are the man and woman?

a) in a pub
b) at a hotel restaurant
c} at home
d) at a fast-food joint

2,2 The man orders

a) steak
b) lobster
c) scallops
d) salmon

3.1 This conversation takes place

a| at a sporting goods store

b) at a campsite
c) in a grocery store
d} outside

3.2 The man decides

a) io buy iwo tents
il] tc buy a v:r,y ia|! i:ri
''.-'.
_ ,: '_,
you will hear a radiobroadcast Listen to the talk and complete the notes belaw.Write short answers (t-5
words). An example is done f or you. At the end of the tatk you wíll have tvvo minutes to read
through and
check your answers. you wil| hear the talk once only.

kind of Radio 3ro*agtl, afuertígamantlcommerclal

Namc of vroálctz

Typez .........

Mora opace thxl tha ..-.,..,.,.

Wináou ig cold,teated for temperaburez

t$ the game time, you can keep warm anál

'The aájuatmenbg are perfe& for vitchin6:

íhe tewb irvluáea lrrbemal:

}g ideal extra cortyonertb:

*l
/ers (1-:
ugh ar3

j- :o the interview and answer the questions. put a círcle round the letter of the correct answer.
,-,lmpl€ ts done or you. You will hear the conversation once only.
f

Ie: which of these things is not mentioned about 1eff Callowayl

@ He does television reporting
b) He was an Olympic athlete
d He's written books
d) Hewrites columns

fo"at race did Mr. Galloway run in the Olympics? 5. What is the "magic mile"?
r _0 thousand metres a}a method of running a mile at a slow pace
al 5 thousand metres b)running a mile with a lot of breaks
: le didn't make it to the Olympics. c) running a mile at a íast pace
ü 5 thousand metres and 10 thousand metres d) running a mile in a forest

E
-r:,v was Mr. Galloway as a 13 year old boy? 6. Who does Mr. Galloway think running is good for?
E e| rct Sociable a} anyone

3l very good at sports b) 13-year olds

:i sociable and a very good student c) young people
CJ a very good student and runner d) anyone in relatively good shape

-l: w did Mr, Galloway begin running? 7. Why does Mr. Galloway mention our ancestors?

a] ne wanted to loose weight a) they had great endurance

:] re was forced to by his parents b)they ran in competitions,
B ;) ne joined a track time and liked it c) ihey weren't discouraged by running
§ í}ne was always interested in running d)they were in better shape than most people today

ll'^at is Mr, Galloway's method to teach people to run? 8. How many books about walking
a! ,un quickly without breaks has Mr. Galloway written?

:l ,un and then walk and then run again a)8

:] rnly walk at first, do not run b)2
l'l rave two breaks for every mile you run c) 10
d) 100
:§,

!
 READING:

Read the f ollowing text then read the ten statements A-J. Five of these statements are carrect
according to the text, Tick (tl) tne boxes of the correct sentences. Do NoT tick more than f ive boxes.
Leave the other five boxes blank.

The snow leopard (Uncia uncia), sometimes known

as the ounce/ is a large cat native to the mountain
ranges of Central Asia from Aíghanistan, northern
Pakistan, to Lake Baikal and eastern Tibet. The taxo-
nomic position of this species has been subject to
change. ln the past, many taxonomists included the
snow leopard in the genus Panthera, with several of
the other largest felids, but later it was placed in its
own genus/ Uncia. The snow leopard cannot roar/
despite possessing an incomplete ossification of the
hyoid bone, which was thought to be essential in allowing the big cats to roar. However, new studies
show that the ability to roar is due to other morphological features, especially of the laryn4 which are
absent in the snow leopard. Well known for its beautiful fur, the snow leopard has a whitish-tan coat
with ringed spots of dal.k, ashy-brown and rosettes of black. lts tail is heavy with fur and the bottom
of its paws are covered with fur for protection against snow and cold. The life span of a snow leopard
is normally 1 5-1B y€ar§, but in captivity it can live up to 20 years.
]:
Weighing usually 35 kilograms (77lb) to 55 kilograms (121 lb), the snow leopard is slightly smaller on
average than a leopard. Exceptionally large males can weigh up to 75 kilograms (165 lb), very small
females weigh only 2,5 kilograms (55 lb).The head and body length is 39-51 in {99-130 cm), the shoul-
der height is about 60 cm (24 in). The tail meí§ures 32-39 in (B1-99 cm) and is proportionately longer
than in any other cat species of comparable size. lt helps to maintain its balance on the rugged terrain
and unstable surfaces of its habitat and is used to cover its nose and mouth in very cold conditions.
The head of the snow leopard is relatively small, however the male's head is usually much squarer
and wider than that of the female. The big furry feet act as snowshoes, like those of the tynxes.

i,]] l
 i

i
I

A. The snow leopord is now,por:t of the,"pqnJhe[ol genús

B"The snow leopord connol,ioor dúe to on incompleté, ossificoíion of',the, hyold,bóné

c rhe.§now leopord hos o differ:ent lo1ynx compoled.to othár sirnitor,],Speciés ,, ...',,].

-,ll:. i

tudies
ich are F SnoW bopords,§eldom weigh móre íhon l00 pounds' , ,. ,,,
', : , .:].:.

1 coat
lttom G Show leopords hove long roil§]to keep them bolonced ,.i ]]'

i ,:

:opard
mildoreos, ,, . ],
,::,,

H§now leopords live ,::.,

in'{l01, ,. :,] ,., :

aller on l Mole snow leopords hqve wider]heodi íhon lhe,femole, ones

mall
l shoul-
J Snow leopord's feet ore "designed" for running quickly

longer
terrain
ons.
lrer

- ?:!{
 F

Read the text. use the sentences labelled (n-H) to complete the text. Write the letter of the missing
in the box in the correct gap. There are Wvo extra sentences you will not need,

Weslwood wos born Vivienne lsobel Swire in the villoge of Tintwistle, Cheshire on April 8 'l94l, doughier of Doro ond

Gordon Swire, o slorekeeper.

E-l Vivienne wenl on to ottend Trent Pork College ond loter tought ot o pri-

mory school in Norih London.

vivienne's first husbond wos Derek westwood, with whom she hod one child, Ben. She then mel

Molcolm McLoren,loter known for being the monoger for punk bonds. The íwo lived in o council flot in Clophom ond

hod o son nomed Joseph. She still owns the shop, which is ot 430 King's Rood, ond sells her
E--l
Anglomonio lobel from there. The shop is now known os World's End.

Together, Westwood ond Mcloren worked to revolutionise foshion. ond lhe impoct is still felt 1odoy.

Her lotest collection wos obout 'gold ond treosure. odvenlure ond exploroiion', other influences in

6*ooat *ork hove included ethnic Peruvion influence. feminine figure, velvel ond knitweor
§-l

-l ln september 2005, Westwood joined forces with the British civil rights group Libertyond lounched
i
i'exc]usive limiled design T-shirts ond boby weor beoring the slogon 'l AM NOT A TERRORIST, pleose don't orrest me".
i
rOn Eoster Sundoy 2008, she compoigned in person ot the biggest Compoign for Nucleor Disormoment demonstrqtion

1 in ten yeors, ot the Atomic Weopons Esíoblishmení, Aldermoston in Berkshire, UK.

E§§@

;sinq sent3rq

@{

A. Theír morrioge losled three yeors.

' Doro onc

oi o pri- B. Mosl notobly, she employed the services of Potrick Cox to design shoes for her Clint Eostwood
'l984.
Collection in

C. She ottended Glossop'Grommor Sóoql ond studied ol lhe Horrow School''of Ár,t ior,one term.
rn met '. ll-. ]- ,: l ], -'
::_ ]l

rhom ono D. Westwood,wqrked his,lorlcolf,octors:into,he, qollectión by, using,,17rh-iBth,centur,yióiiginol cutiing

ler
principles ond modernising them.

F. Westwood is olso widely known os o politicol octivist.

:eS ln
--l G. A histoijeol, iní.luerrcé hos olwq}lsl§hown jn her work
J
l

begon, to.:séll; her outrogeous désigns.

,nchec

"es1 r.='

,:,lS;:- :-
 E
_;": 1 &
,t{, §
:,*!!:,,,ii:

Read the four texts below. There are ten questions about the texts. Decide which text (A, B, C or D) tells yc.
the answer to the question. The f irst one is done f or you.

Chocolote comprises o
number of row and
processed foods thot
ore produced from the
seed ot the tropical
cacao tree. Notive to
lowland, tropical South
Ámerico, cocoo hos been cultivoted for ot
least three míllennio ín centrql Americo
ond Mexico, with íts eorliest documented
use oround 1100 BC. The mojority of the
Mesoomericon peoples mode chocolote
beverage-s, including the Moyo and Áztecs.

Welcome! to the Coquitlam, Port

Moody, Port Coquitlam area of
beautiful southw est British
Columbia... where culture meets
nature, and chocolate is magic!
No ordinary chocolate event;
our festival inspires, informs, surprises, entertains,
and above all celebrates chocolate.
Events can be savoured individually, or experienced
successively for the ultimate chocolate experience ....
the indulgent little escape we all need once in a while.
And as if that's not enough, your mere presence grows
our rnission: mentoring },outh in event production and
marketing, s.rc;,casi:g ::l:rtir3 artisls and
ate's :lo:e l: slii: _. ,.:,_., - ._.:-:-.._'..,.,,,.
-J TEST 4
I

o) tells

1. invite people to attend an event? D

2. refer to ancient people?

EB-l
É 3. discuss the balance between a health risk and a health benefit?

4. discuss types oí chocolate beans?

5. claim chocolate is a welcome diversion?

in

il§

4 tie
-+t

6. Sometimes an indulgence is needed,

7. You must be careful not to overindulge while trying to be healthy,

8. By attending a festive event you help the organisers in their

efíorts to guide young people.

9. A degree of heat is need for cacao trees,

10. Chocolate was consumed long ago.

L_ -,
Read the text and answer the questioyts. Put a circle round the \etter of the correct answer.

Federalists in America
Beíore the Revolutionary War, the colonies functioned as 13 different and independent governments.
Eventually, the Articles of Coníederation were adopted to unify the colonies, but when the war
ended they were no longer needed, Though a strong central government was often looked upon by
colonists as a threat, delegates were chosen to attend a Constitutional Convention to remake the
Articles of confederation into a centralised constitution. Federalists and Anti-Federalists battled it
out either íor support of a united country by a federal government or to maintain the status-quo.
The Federalists were primarily lawyers, merchants, planiers, and other wealthy citizens, John Jay, James Madison, and
Alexander Hamilton wrote some of the more íundamental Federalist papers intended to convince the citizens of New York of
the need for a uniíied central government and to ease their fears of centralised power. l][].
ln Federalist Paper two, John Jay claims that the union of America is a logical choice. He cites that Americans are similar: the,
generally share the same language, religions, and principles of government. He a|so says that it makes sense to become a
whole and cohesive union because the colonies are so near each other. He says, "To all general purposes we have uniformly
been one people; each individual citizen everywhere enjoying the same national rights, privileges and protection," He claims tha:
citizens of the colonies had been acting a long time as one, and it was simply time to develop into one veritable country, l:
h"::
"By a faction," says James Madison in Federalist ten, "l understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or
minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights
of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregaie interests of the community."
Madison deals with the issue of factions and the threat they pose to a united society. He says that human nature makes fac-
tions unavoidable and comes to the conclusion that without impeding on one's liberties the only solution to the problem of fac-
nL*
tions is to control the effects, This is done by having so many factions a majority faction is impossible to achieve, lf a factio:
consists of less than a majority, relief is supplied by the republican principle in that the majority can vote and remove the faction,
The federal government is set up in a way which encourages factions. The national government deals with national issues,
state governments deal with different state issues, house members have different goals than senate members, the souih wa,:
something different from the north, corn farmers want something different than cotton farmers. And everyone has different
needs and different wants. The government's job becomes that of regulating factions.
Madison addresses the issue of property rights saying, "Protection of these faculties is ihe first object of government." Ar:
he adds, "the most common and curable source of faciions had been the various and unequal distribution of property." He for-
saw economic factions as important in that they would be inevitably diverse.
Madison talks of separate and distinct parts of government with their own will and independent of other parts of govern-
ment in Federalist 51. He says a constitution must enable the government to not only control the governed, but also control
itself. With a separation of powers, different parts of government control each other and themselves. He feels it is better tc
have more social problems and less government oppression. The government must be designed for the worst case scenario.
of human nature and those who unabashedly seek power. "lf men were angels, no government would be necessary. lf angels
were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary." he said.
Madison describes that the new constitution and new system for government is handled in a way that separates powers
and creates a society and a government broken into so many parts and the rights oí individuals and minorities are in little c,.
ger from the majority and from those who unjustly seek power.
+--!§wr{ '§ ll .,

]est summary of this passage is:

,Jual colonies were not needed anymore after the war and even though colonists had previously seen a cen-
: :overnment as a threat, it was needed. The majority believed Americans were similar in many ways, which
ryry§F{ :,,vould be a smooth transition for all to accept, James Madison believed in completely stamping out the
:. as they were a threat to the new constitution. The new system meant that there was less chance of minori-
-'ng unjust power.

:ons were the major factor in introducing a new system, believed the Federalists. As citizens of the colonies
i--:ady acting as one, it was important to continue this unity. Fractions posed a huge problem to society as a
l ,:d if a minority were to only-be motivated by their own passions, interests and against other citizens, prob-
'rL fower would arise in the community.

:alists stemmed from various backgrounds, the need for a centralised government was imposed, Presumed
::toices were made, they claimed Americans resembled governmental people, so the country should be
dison, and ted to become one. However, many people were opposed to this idea. James Madison, who dealS with frac-
i New York c' .;*,the impact this coui<i have on socieiy*. FIe also advises that the new system and constitution be handled in
; ey, which avoids dangerous minority groups that solely seek power.

are similar: :-*

o become a

ave uniformi. ]assage develops in which of the following ways?

," He claims :
tle country,
;:rortant decision to make - supporters of the new plans - one man's Üew to ease the Process - understanding
-_. - how a problem can boost economics - advice for the government
a maiority c,
;e to the ri- :, of America - fundamental Federalists - an obvious choice - mixed feelings - two parallel Persuasive views

ure makes ía_

_:e debate began - who was involved - solutions for problems - two opposed views - an understanding of
problem oí'n
eve, lf a fac:,m
e the íactior.
onal issues,
the south ,,q

has differer:: xas there a sudden change in how the country 6. What could pose a threat to the Federalists?
.lverned? a) free-thinking
Jovernment.' : frnancial gain b) human nature
operty," He -
amalgamate society c) republican principles
: aid in the war d) segmenteci communities
rts of gove--
: lreak with tradition
t also con:,_
7. What positive did Madison derive from fractions?
it is bettel -:
::_ .\,as the purpose of Federalist papers? a) its economic benefit
3ase scena,:,]
. , form ofpropaganda b) its regulating factors
ary. lf ang: ,
,: -p-date wealthy citizens c) its uniqueness
x . gesture of generosity to New York d) they ale easy to manipulate
rates powe,:
are in liit: :
;: :onvince the government
8. What does Madison feel is important?
is John Jay's view on the unity of America? a) people are separated
s profitable b) fractions are regulated
rill bereefit the goverrrrnent _,] :..;|: ip:::i::.s f:c 3:l,,::
s a sensjble decision
 WRlTlNG

just received the letter below. Respond to Mr. Smith write a letter of between -I50
You have and
200 words.

?aar pasidgfts

lihis yar, on ?acenhar 20th, ua uíII bs pultitt6 on a holidag fastival in

loyn. Hla are askíng rasidarls like goursclf Io help as orgaúsl lhis arcil.
Pleasc urila and IgI as kmr uhal orpúsing skills gou haue aű uhal
idaas goa haw for ths feslíttal.

Yhank gou,

ilr. Íailh
Teun Plaxning Board

You've just arrived at a summer camp ín another country. Write o letter to your family descríbíng
how you feel. wríte between 200 and 250 words.

::1]i.,,i
J
J

Time Allowed: 3 hours

,,, Listening
Reading
Writing

lnstructions to candidates
lF *,l]
Answer all the questions.
Allyour answers must be written in ink not pencil.
 e#
j§§"ii *a,:
""JY, r", .-& 61i .,, ,. i:l §_ *'a.,
Y#{eLL_l-bi

You will hear eight short unfinished conversations. Choose the best reply to continue the conversation. put': |-
circle round the letter of the best reply. Fírst, look at the example. you will hear the conversatiofis ollc€ ol.,,l
hru,,,,ili
Examplg. Speaker 1: ls this the right siz€?
Speaker 2: l think ít's oK, |n,
. ,,
Speaker 1: We should have checked the size bef ore we had bought it.
speaker 2: ................ rkl/0l
a| Whv do vou aslz -E
@voi are'right, but it's too late now.
c) l've checked the shop.
d) Nobody told us to buy it.

a} |'ve absolutely no idea,

b) lt isn't an issue lately.
cI We aren't going around here again.
d) l don't think you can.

2. a) lt isn't happening any more.

b) lt took a long time.
c) Not as much as you imagine.
d) lt was a few weeks ago.

3. a) What are you suggesting?

b) Thank you, l'm glad.
c) 0h, l suppose it might be.
d) l do, l must admit,

4. a) That would be perfect, wouldn't it?

bl l doubt ihat theyte on sale.
c) l said l don't fancy peppaoni.
d} Yes, l'd love a pizza,

5. a) |'m not even sure.

b) lt isn't like l'm trying.
c} l never told him.
d) To tell the truth, l've got to face up.

6. a} Better safe than sorry l suppose.

bl 0h, never mind then.
c} But that's not where we're going.
d} you can't know that for sure,

7. a} Well, it's your call.

bl lt happens more oíten than not,
cl l hope you're right.
d} But you don't want to.

a} i canli either. When did it siart?

üj Yoü fi|cn'T itlj n13 sliij3r.

d} l thought yott didn'i have a job
)n. P,r ű,

0nce :Nrí,ííü
hear three conversatiotls. Listen to the conversations and answer the questions below. Put a
,ound the letter of the correct answer. you wíll hear each conversation once only. took at the
for Conversation one.

1.1 What is ihe man's job?

a} doctor
b) student
c) lecturer
d} proíessor

1.2 The man speaks ot elements in order to

a) explain to the woman what medicine was like in the past
b) explain to the woman the basics of Ayurvetic medicine
c) help the woman cure a íever
d) teach the woman about certain healing herbs

2,L What is the woman asking for?

a} support
hl
9,
onrnr treoomont
vllvv9l uövll,vll!

c) praise

d) advice

22 The man thinks the woman

a) should switch back to high heels.
b) shouldn't wear shoes at all.
c) should wear the shoes for a while.
d} should try to take the shoes back.

The man and woman are having a(n)

a) welcome home party
b) anniversary party
c) going away party
d) birthday party

The woman can be described as

a} nervous
: ;;a;: :s

_ J,:JJj::
you will hear a radíobroadcast. Listen to the talk and complete the notes below.Write short answers (t-S
words). An exampleis donefor you. At the end of thelectureyouwillhavehlto minutesto readthrough
and check your ans^lers. you will hear the talk once only.

Name: Emagt Heminqtvay

He wag born in: in 1b99.

2]

:}
ln the 192Og he lived in:
-}

................
{,!

He wag awarded lúhe ?ulrtzer ?rize in: . for the "Olá man aná

üe 1ea" aná the Nobel ?rize inz

He became a leqená not juet becauge of hig wriíinq blst algo hig:

He had a oiqnifican| influence on the davelovmení of:

He in the epring of 1961.

:rs (t-:
rougl
the interview and answer the questions. put a circle round the letter of the correct answer.
is done f or you. you will hear the conversation once only.

The two speakers seem to

@ respect each other
bl miss each other
c) know each other well
d) work with each other

is John Smith well-known for? 5. what does the woman claim her home is?
,e is a well-known filmmaker a) cinema

-e is a íamous musician b) culture

c) New York
.e is a famous actor
d} Lithuania
_"e is a well-known novelist

6, What does the man think about many of the films

has ihe woman created?
made in the 1960s?
:nthology film Archives
al they were necessary but not necessarily good art
Fine Arts school
b) they were unnecessary
a film bookshop
c) they were art's reflection of the times
: film magazine
d) they helped define the cu|ture of the time

can'i the man read the

original work?
7. What was the Essential Film Repertory?
-e doesn't speak English
a) a collection of 330 films
-: can't read her handwriting b}30 carefully selected films
: has to be translated c} 330 commercial films

feels the translations are of better quality d}30 journal films

,voman is: 8, Why does the woman bring up Darwin's law?

: filmmaker and poet a}to explain why not all films become classics
r poet b} to say her art will not survive if she is not

: íilm critic the fittest artist

poet and film critic c} to comment on the importance of essential films

d}to explain why the biggest, most popular films are

) more important than oiher films
 r
i.* _-P _, U
"-..
r,l*
<j, ::éij--*:É*=
-<ri:*
1r |:

READING
Read the f ollowing text then read the ten statements A-J. rive of these statements are correct according |-
the text. Tíck (/) the boxes of the correct sentences. Do NOT tick more than f ive boxes. teave the other !*r,
in :.
five boxes blank. I

Dairy farming is a class of agricultural, or an animal husbandry enterprise, for long-term production of
milk, which may be either processed on-site or transported to a dairy factory for processing and even-
,
tual retail sale. Most dairy farms sell the male calves born by their cows, usually for veal production, or F,:,:

breeding depending on the quality of the Bull calf, rather than raising non-milk-producing stock, Many 1,1 -] ]

dairy farms also grow their own feed, typically including corn, alfalfa, and hay, This is fed directly to
the cows, or is stored as silage for use during the winter season, Additional dietary supplements are
added to the feed to increase quality milk production.
::-i

Dairy farming has been part of agriculture for thousands of years, but historically, it was usually done on a small scale on mixed ]--
íarrns. Specialist scale dairy farrning is only viable ,l,,here either a large annount of nnilk is requireC for production oí mcre durable
dairy products such as cheese, or there is a substantial market of people with cash to buy milk, but no cows of their own. .* r,::

Centralized dairy farming as we understand it primarily developed around villages and cities, where residents were unable to have
cows of their own due to a lack o'f grazing land. Near the town, farmers could make some extra money on the side by having addi-
tional animals and selling the milk in town. The dairy farmers would fill barrels with milk in the morning and bring it to market on a
Wagon.
'"ín
BeÍore mechanisation most cows were still milked by hand, The first milking machines were an extension of the traditional milk paii
The early milker device fii on top of a regular milk pail and sat on the floor under the cow. Following each cow being milked, the
,e
bucket would be dumped into a holding tank,

This developed into the Surge hanging milker, Prior to milking a cow, a large wide leather strap called a surcingle was put around
-
cow, across the cow's lower back. The milker device and collection tank hung underneath the cow from the strap. This innovation
allowed the cow to move around naturally during the milking process rather than having to stand perfectly still over a bucket on the flocr

The next innovation in automatic milking was tlre milk pipeline. This uses a permanent milk-return pipe and a second vacuum pipe :-a
encircles the barn or milking parlour above the rows of cows, with quick-seal entry ports above each cow. By eliminating the neet
for the milk container, the milking device shrank in size and weight to the point where it could hang under the cow, held up only b. :- in
the sucking force of the milker nipples on the cow's udder, The milk is pulled up into the milk-return pipe by the vacuum system, al: ,eric
then flows by gravity to the milkhouse vacuum-breaker ihat puts the milk in the storage tank. The pipeline system greatly reduce:
the physical labour of milking since the farmer no longer needed to carry around huge heavy buckets of milk from each cow,
,e(
eos

A. Most dgiry'íorms keep cows l

tÉseOr
B. Some doiry forms olso grow food for their onimois rlr :lo1

C. Doiry for:m§ qlwoys giow croPs E

D. Troditionolly, doiry forming wos done on smoll mixed forms

E. A surcingle is porl oí o rnilking mochine
F. When hond milking o cow, ,lhe cow con move oround nol,urolly

G. The milk pipeline eiimincted ihe need fcr in]i< .cllic.,_.els

F{. Milk pjpeiines ccme bsisle

i
r§+R]E§,*q

accordin3 :he text. Usethe sentences labelled (A-H) to camplete the text. write the letter of the missing sentence
the other box in the correct gap. There are two extra sentences you wi|l not need.

is is on inflommotory skin condition E--l Belween 10% ond 30% of people

:evelop psoriosis get o reloied íorm of orthritis colled "psoriotic orthritis," which couses
of lhe ioinís.

,e psoriosis is the most common type of psoriosis. E!-l They both frequently

e on mixed :r the elbows, knees, lower bock, ond scolp. However, íhe ploques con occur onywhere on lhe body.
rnro rlt trehl:

oWn. :jess of type, psoriosis usuolly couses discomforl. The skin often iiches, ond ii moy crock on,l bleed. E!-_l
lble to hav:
l:sis is o chronic, meoning lifelong, condilion becouse there is currently no cure. people often experience f,Jores ond
y having acb
market on : throughoul lheir life. Conlrolling the signs ond symptoms typicolly requires lifelong theropy,

ional milk paú

depends on lhe severity ond type of psoriosis. H-l A few develop such severe psoriosis lhof Jesions
most of lhe body ond hospiiolisotion is required. These represeni the extremes. Most coses of psoriosis foll some-
milked, the
: in belween,

; put arounc =
:hon 4.5 million odults in ihe United Stotes hove been diognosed with psoriosis, ond opproximotely 150,000 new coses

El--l
s innovatio-
@noseci eoch yeor,
et on the fi:l
,:sis occurs obout equolly in moles ond femoles. Recent studies show thol there moy be on eihnic link. lt seems thot
acuum ptpe
:ing the ne=: :sis is most common in Coucosions ond slightly less common in Africon Americons. Worldwide, psoriosis is mosl com-
rld up only, :, r Scondinovio ond other ports of northern Europe. lt oppeors ío be for less common omong Asions ond is rore in Notive
tm system rrr:
:atly redul:::
;h cow.
e olso is o genelic component ossocioted wiíh psoriosis. Approximolely one-third oí people who develop psoriosis hove
;-t one fomily member with the condition

shows lhot the signs ond sympíoms of psoriosis usuolly oppeor between l5 ond 35 yeors of oge. Abouí 75%
Afier oge 40, o peok onset period occurs between 50 ond ó0 yeors of oge.
bp psoriosis before oge 40,
tr_-l
*,
A. Aboul B0o/o of people who develop psoriosis hove ploque psoriosis, which oppeors os w
potches of roised, reddish skin covered by silvery-while scole.
§§
*
B. An estimoted 20olo hove moderote to severe psoriosis. *,
w..

C. Some psoriosis is so mild thoi ihe person is unowore of ihe condition. w

E.
D. However, ií is possible to develop the condition o1 ony oge. &.
a1
v|?
E. All types of psoriosis, ronging from mild to severe, con offeci o person's quolity oÍ life.
LivinE wilh this liielonE c§ndition csn b3 ihysrcally o;rd enroiioncliy ch,cllenEing. ':.

-i_ Cn= \y]i;-;]l:as,:;:ibe,j hei, csci,i:sjs cs i:=j:-; i]'l: ',:::C sll5,:i-:,;.:cr ,c,::'i J] CWCi/.'

-. ,: , --,
_ ".i_ _ 3.,.,z,..,-^ -'.'--a i - -- -

,-;. ln=:: c;-.:iv::\:3S,3C:i il,!;,-, --l:-::i:,^,s _,f - c--,l:lJ,:;s.

 r*::
[
].:1i§:!

i----=
Read the four texts below. There are ten questíons about the texts. Decide which text (A, B, C or O) tells yo"
the answer to the question. The fírst one ís done for you.
1: -a |J

Televísion is one of tha

-
most prevalant medio influences
Television can affect learning and school
in kids' lives. According to
performance if it cuts into the time kids
Kids' Toke on Medio, o survey need for activities crucial to healthy mental
conducted in 20O3 by the
and physical development. Most of chil-
Conad ion Tenchers' Faderotion,
dren's free time, especialty during the early
wotching TV is o daíly postime
formative years, should be spent in activities
]

for 75 percent of Conodion children, both boys such as playing, reading, exploring nature, l
ond girls from Grade 3 to 6rode 10.
learning about music or participating in !

Sports. ]
How much impoct TV hos on children dapends
on mony foctors: how mueh thay wotch, their
1

TV viewing is a sedentary activity, and has

a9e ond parsonolity, whether they wotch alone
been proven to be a significant factor in
or with odults, ond whether thair porents talk childhood obesity. According to the Heart
(

wíth them about whot they see on TV. and stroke Foundation of canada almost
s

one in four Canadian children, between I

To minimize the potentiol negative eff ects oí
seven and 12, is obese. Time spent in front
television, it's importont to understond what of the TV is often at the expense of more
l
tha impoct of televísion can be on children, active pastimes. e
f
!
sesame street is an educational children's televi- A
sion series for young children, üough focusing .(.§§§ Of course, television, in moderation,
n
more exclusively on preschoolers in its later years,
ri
and is a pioneer of üe contemporary educaűonal can be a good thing: Preschoolers can
television starrdard, combining boÜ education and T
get help learning the alphabet on public
entertairrment. sesame street is well known for its
television, grade schoolers can learn p-
Muppet characters created by Jim Henson. As of now, 4,160 episodes
hl
of üe show have been produced in 38 seasons. Sesame Street is one about wildlife on nature shows, and
of üe longest-running teleüsion shows in history. tt
parents can keep up with current evenl(

As a result of its posiüve influence, Sesame Street is one of the most on the evening news. No doubt about it T
highly regarded educaüonal shows for children in üe world. No - Tv can be an excellent educator and ci
oÜer television series has matched its level of international recogni- entertainer. o1
tion and success. The original series has been televised in 120 coun-
tries, and more üan 30 international versions have been produced, T]
not including dubbed versions. The series has received 109 Emmy is
Awards, more than any oüer television series. An estimated 77 íínl'-
lion Americans have watched the series as children; millions more Si.
have watched around the world, as have their parents. tic
T}
25
Gl

iljl
Which text is saying the following?
ab
6, This TV programme has an excellent reputation

7. TV can help childrert learn

o

8, i,l::, :.cb]ei,is can si3m ír,om television waichin3

--1 @

r ll
,l1, s:i,;ss :3::,l_S ,:nl:island'=i:t"--!31l3 :;,ll: :,l a"l:'-"=, l , = ]' ,:-:i ,.vz::i. ,'i sy3ry l?,, \J
]
_,]
l_: _ Wu

the text and answer the questions. put a circle round the letter of the correct ans^ter.

lr: l
b The Royal Observatory
Eí:_ir
F arc Royal Obseruatory, home of Greenwich Mean Time and

F-:* :e Prime Meridian line, is one of the most important historic

Btnj, --ientific sites in the world. The Royal Observatory ís the
E[ .:urce of the Prime Meridian of the world, I,ongitude 0" 0' 0".
_: is, by international decree, the official starting point for each

::w day, year and millerrnium (at the stroke of midnight GMT
tr;l;. .. measured from the Prime Meridian), Visitors to the
,uI
_lbservatory can stand in both the eastern and western hemi-
b.,.l-
.:heres simultaneously by placing their feet either side of the
l:_",íi
@
?ime Meridian - the centre of world time and space.
Obseryatoly was built to improve navigation at sea and'find the so-much desired longitude of places'- ol9''
Mn'l r::
|le
lu]y1
: l,act position east and west - while at sea and out of sight of land, by astronomical means. This was inseparable

:rm the accurate measurement of time, for which the Observatory became generally famous in the ]"9th century.

dítrat is a meridian? what is the prime Meridian?

i
rneridian is an arbitrary north-south line used by an astronomer as a zero point from where to take measure-
,:*
:ents, By comparing thousands of observations taken from the same meridian it is possible to build up an accu-
!],.,,
::te map of the night sky.
b :;,ic

M fifil|l lre meridian line in Greenwich represents the Prime Meridian of the world, Longitude Zero (0" 0' 0"), Every
d[b:iE:,:
:_3c€ on the Earth is measured in terms of its angle east or west from this line. To stand astride the line is to
just as the Equator diÜdes
li ün; -1,e one foot in the eastern and one foot in the western hemisphere of the earth -
-: northern and southern hemispheres,
l]: ::llD:lí]]ll

!,ittli,l,,
,ul -:e prime Meridian at Greenwich passes through a massive special telescope called a transit circle. The transit
::;Ie was built by Sir George Airy, the seventh Astronomer Royal, in 1850. The cross-hairs seen in the eyepiece
: :his transit circle precisely define Longitude 0' for the world.

;1: 'universal day' is measured from the Prime Meridian. It is the average of a year's worth of 'natural' days and
i . scientific time scale used irrespective of time zones.
i,-;e the late 19th century, the Prime Meridian at Greenwich has served as the co-ordinate base for the calcula-
:,r of Greenwich Mean Time. Before this, almost every town in the world kept its own local time.
*::
Greenwich Meridian was chosen to be the Prime Meridian of the World in 1884. Forty-one delegates from
_. rations met in Washington DC for the International Meridian Conference. By the end of the conference,
_,::enwich had won the prize of Longitude 0' by a vote of 22 infavour to 1 against (San Domingo), with two
i;:::entions (France and Brazil). There were two main reasons for the victory:

l :re USA had already chosen Greenwich as the basis for its own national time-zone system.

] l .t the trrlle,727aof the world's commerce depended on sea-charts which used Greenwich as the Prime Meridian.
L decision, essentially, was based on the argument that by naming Greenwich as Longitude 0", it would incon-
Li"n.u ihe ieast nurnber of peoole,
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x;:i,

1. The best summary of this passage is:

a) If it were not for a center point for the measurement of time, everyone round the world would have difficultiei
in determining it precisely. Before the 19th century, each town kept its own local time. Seeing that there was an
important need to localise time to one particular place, Greenwich named itself as the base for Prime Meridian WF
the Mean Time. After discussion at Washington in the U.S, 41 delegates decided naming Greenwich as Longituú
0o would trouble less people.

b) The Royal Observatory has become a popular tourist attraction over the years, attracting huge numbers of vis-
tors from all over the world. Tourists are able to stand on both the east and west hemispheres of the world. Not ..
use today, it once was the base for all time keeping. Navigators and astrologists used the point as an exact place :,. hav,
measurement. From the meridian line all countries measure in terms of east and west from the line. The Longr.:t :e bt
0o was measured through a high-powered telescope providing precise measurements for the world.

c) The headquarters of modern time keeping is The Royal Observatory in London; encompassing the Greenwic:
Mean Time and Prime Meridian line. With its perfect geographical location, it unites two hemispheres; east anc
west. The meridian line, the beacon for the world's naügation, is used as a base from where to take measureme-
The Prime Meridian passes through a specially designed telescope providing a precise Longitude for the world.
With a landslide of votes Greenwich won the prize as primary location for time; before this every city kept its on:"

2. The passage develops in which of the following ways?

a) the official location - initial purpose - invaluable piece of equipment - the base of measurement - intelligent
invention - after much deliberation - reasons that resulted in triumph

b) importance of time - aid for travelling - how the technology developed - difficulties in Washington - victory t.
Greenwich

c) distinction between two forms of time - how preüous generations coped - building useful technolory - in far-i _l:

of Greenwich - assistance to measurements

3. What is so special about being at The Royal 6. How did the world calculate precise time post
Observatory? 19th century?
a) its historic location a) by the stars
b) it unites two sides b) by their own local time measurements
c) time is connected to space c) by high-powered telescopes
d) tourists e4perience the New Year first d) by scientific time scales

4. What was the initial reason for the building? 7. How did the world benefit from centralising time- F
a) to imirove speed of travel a) eastern and western times were officially divi&; l:, hat
b) to aid in felling the time b) time zones become comprehensible W""r es
c) to guide ships at sea _
c) navigation at sea became simplified F
d) to provide alignments to the stars d) time has a co-ordinate base

5. What else does the author suggest the meridian 8. What does the author suggest was the reason the
- line is'utilised ior? vote was swayed towards the current location?
a) providing a precise clrart of the ski:s a1 fa.,,ouritism
:' ,.,:,rl"-:-'-rg nli,:i, i.nc so,,;i: reaSons

ciraie
 seen the notíce below at your school. Write a letter to Mr. Bard expressing your vÍews.
between t so and 200 words.

Due to new policies all students will be required to wear an

identification tag at all times starting on November 3rd.
This is to keep intruders out of the building and to keep all
students accounted for.

Thank you,

Mr, Bard,
tr :ptlltut Head Teacher

&
§.
rt#
just gone camping alone ín the mountains for a níght. Wríte a letter to a friend describing
and what you learned from it. Write between z00 and 250 words.
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