EDUC 505

Curriculum
Development

Mirasol M.Amang
 “When times are good, be
Happy, but when times are
bad, CONSIDER; God has
made the one as well as the
other. Therefore, a man cannot
discover anything about his
future.”
(Ecclesiastes 7:14)
 EDUC 505
Curriculum
Development

Mirasol M.Amang
 TOPIC NO. 4

Principles and
Conditions of
Learning and the
 Principle of Learning

Principle • Latin word “principum”.

• Which means a guideline to
follow, a comprehensive
and fundamental rule,
doctrine assumption/basis
or foundation of something.
 Learning
• Accoding to Thorpe, “we can define learning as that
process which manifests itself by adaptive change in the
individual’s behavior as a result of experience.
• Accoding to Kimble’s, “Learning refer to more or less
permanent change in behavior which occurs as a result
of practice.
• Learning is the process of accumulating knowledge ,
skills, and attitudes. It may be acquire through training,
experience, reading observation, discussions etc.

• Learning is a continuous process.

 Principle of Learning
are guidelines for the ways in which people learn most
effectively. The more these principles are reflected in
training, the more effective training is likely to be. Learning
can be defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior
potentiality that results from reinforced practice or
experience.
3 PRINCIPLES
• Subjective Principle

• Objective Principle

• Special Learning Technique

Principles of New Behavior or Learning

•Subjective Principles – concerned with what the learner brings to the

learning situation and includes self-concept, past experiences,
intelligence , motivation and emotions.

•Objective Principles – deal with factors relevant to learning situations

and include rates of learning and forgetting, reviewing , rewards, self-
rewards, generalization and discrimination.

•Special learning Technique – which are used to increase learning

efficiency and include massed and distributed learning , feedback and
overlearning.
 Principles of Learning
(From Horne & Pine 1990)

• It provides additional insights into what makes

people learn most effectively. The principles
have been discovered, tested, and used in
practical situations.

• By knowing some principles on how learning

takes place, we will be guided on how to teach.
 10 Principles of Learning (Horne & Pine, 1990)
1. Learning is an experience, which occurs inside the learner and is
activated by the learner.
2. Learning is a discovery of the personal meaning and relevance
of ideas
3. Learning (Behavioral change) is a consequence of experience.
4. Learning is a cooperative and collaborative process. Cooperation
fosters learning.
5. Learning is an evolutionary process.
6. Learning is sometimes a painful process.
7. One of the richest resources of learning is the learner
himself.
8. The process of learning is both emotional and intellectual.
9. The process of problem solving and learning are highly
unique and individual.
10. Learning is a process of actively constructing
knowledge.
 “Learning without
reflection is a waste.
Reflection without
learning is dangerous.”
Quote by Confucius
Thank You
