0 -12322

TttERMOPHYSICAL PROPERI]ES OF SATURATED LIGHT AND HEAVY

. WATER FOR ADVANCED NEUTRON SOURCE APPLICATIONS

Allen Crabtree
Moshe Siman-Tov

May 1993

Prepared by
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
• Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
managed by
MARTIN MARIETI'A ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
• for the
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400

DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED

 (X)NTEN'rS

• LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................ v

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................... v

NOMENCLATURE .......................................................
vii

ABSTRACT .............................................................. 1

1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 1

2. CORRElaTION DEVELOPMENT ......................................... 5

2.1 LIGHT WATER CORRELATION DEVELOPMENT ....................... 5
2.2 HEAVY WATER CORRELATION DEVELOPMENT ...................... 6

3. ANALYTICAL CORRELATIONS .......................................... 9

3.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTY CORRELATIONS FOR SATURATED
LIGHT WATER .................................................... 10
3.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTY CORREI.ATIONS FOR SATURATED
HEAVY WATER ................................................... 15

4. PHYSICAL PROPERTY COMPUTER CODES ............................... 21

4.1 QUIKPROP ........................................................ 21
4.2 FORTRAN SUBROUTINF_ ........................................... 21
4.3 SAS PROGRAMS ................................................... 22

5. PHYSICAL PROPERTY TABLES AND GRAPHS ............................. 23

6. RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................. 37

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................... 39

REFERENCES ........................................................... 41

4*"
IU
 LIST OF FIOUKI_

1 H20 saturation pressure using Eq. 3...................................... 25

! 2 H,O saturated liquid enthalpy using Eq. 4.................................. 25
3 H20 latent heat of vaporization using Eq. 5................................ 26
4 H20 saturated vapor enthalpy using Fat. 6.................................. 26
5 H20 saturated vapor density using Eq. 7................................... 27
6 H20 saturated liquid density using Eq. 8. .................................. 27
7 H20 saturated liquid thermal conductivity using Eq. 9......................... 28
8 H20 saturated liquid dynamicviscosity using Eq. 10.......................... 28
9 H20 saturated liquid specific heat using Eq. 11.............................. 29
10 H20 surface tension using Eq. 12. ....................................... 29
11 D20 saturation pressure using Eq. 15..................................... 31
12 D20 saturated liquid enthalpy using Eq. 16. ................................ 31
13 D20 latent heat of vaporization using Eq. 17............................... 32
14 D20 saturated vapor enthalpy using Eq. 18. ................................ 32
15 D20 saturated vapor density using F-at.19.................................. 33
16 D20 saturated liquid density using Eq. 20.................................. 33
17 D20 saturated liquid thermal conductivity using Eq. 21........................ 34
18 D20 saturated liquid dynamic viscosity using F_q.22. ......................... 34
19 D20 saturated liquid specific heat using Eq. 23.............................. 35
20 D20 surface tension using Eq. 24........................................ 35

LIST OF TABLI_

1. Performance of the saturated light and heavy water physical

property correlations ..................................................... 20
• 2. Sample output of the saturated fight water correlations" ........................... 24
3. Sample output of the saturated heavy water correlations" .......................... 30
 NOMEN_'I1JRE

Cond saturated liquid thermal conductivity (W/ro.K)

Cp saturated liquid specific heat (kJ/kg.K)
DynVisc saturated liquid dynamicviscosity (Pas)
Liq_ saturated liquid density (kg/m3)
LqF._tl saturated liquid enthalpy (kJ/kg)
LtnHt latent heat of vaporization (kJ/kg)
P.t saturation pressure (MPa)
Sftcns surface tension (N/m)
T_ saturation temperature (°C)
VapDcn saturated vapor density (kg/m3)
VapEnfl saturated vapor enthalpy (kJ/kg)

vii
 THERMOPHYSICALPROPERTIESOF SATURATED LI(3I_ AND HEAVY
WATER FOR ADVANCED NEUTRON SOURCEAPPLICATIONS

Allen Crabtree
Moshe Siman-Tov

ABSTRACT

The AdvancedNeutronSource is an experimentalfacility

being developedby Oak RidgeNationalLaboratory.As a new
nuclearfissionresearchreactorof unprecedentedflux,the
AdvancedNeutron SourceReactorwill providethe most intense
steady-statebeamsof neutronsin the world.The high heat fluxes
generatedin the reactor[303 MW(t)with an averagepowerdensity
of 4.5 MW/L]will be accommodatedby a flowof heavywater
throughthe core at highvelocities. In supportof this experimental
and analyticaleffort, a reliable,highlyaccurate,and uniformsource
of thermodynamicand transportpropertycorrelationsfor saturated
light and heavywaterwere developed.In orderto attain high
accuracyin the correlations,the rangeof thesecorrelationswas
limitedto the proposedAdvancedNeutron SourceReactor's
nominaloperatingconditions.The temperatureand corresponding
saturationpressurerangesused for fightwaterwere 20-300"C and
0.0025-8.5 MPa, respectively,while those for heavywaterwere
S0-2S0°C and0.012-3.9 MPa. Deviationsbetween the correlation
predictionsand data fromthe varioussourcesdid not exc_eed1.0%.
Lightwater vapordensitywas the only exception,with an error of
1.76%.The physicalpropertypackageconsistsof analytical
correlations,SAS codes, and FORTRANsubroutinesincorporating
these correlations,as well as an interactive,easy-to-useprogram
entitled QuikProp.

1. INTRODUCTION

The AdvancedNeutronSource (ANS) is a new researchreactorfacilitybeing developed by

Oak RidgeNationalLaboratory(ORNL) to meet the nationalneed for an intense steady-state
. sourceof neutronsfor scientificexperiments.The ANS facilitywill include;a new nuclearfission
researchreactorof unprecedentedflux that will providethe most intense _teady-statebeamsof
. neutronsin the world.The core of the reactoris composedof parallelaluminum-claddedfuel
 2

plates in an involute geometry. The high heat fluxes generated in the reactor [303 MW(t) with an
average power density of 4.5 MW/L] will be accommodated by a flow of heavy water through the
core at very high velocities. In support of the Advanced Neutron Source Reactor (ANSR), several
test facilities have been built that will simulate the conditions expected in the reactor core. Many
of the thermal-hydraulic (T/H) correlations involved in the ANSR design can be derived,
modified, or verified using data from these facilities.
In support of this experimental and analytical effort, it was essential to develop a reliable,
highly accurate, and uniform source of thermodynamicand transport properties, especially for
saturated fight and heavy water to be used consistently throughout the project. After surveying
the literature and realizing the heavy dependance upon computer programs for ANS calculations,
it was concluded that analytical expressions (correlations) rather than tabulated values would be
most useful. In order to attain high accuracy in the correlations, the range of these correlations
was limited to the proposed ANSR's nominal operating conditions. The temperature and
corresponding saturation pressure ranges used for light water were 20-300°C and 0.0025-8.5
MPa, respectively. For heavy water, the temperature and corresponding saturation pressure ranges
were 50-250°C and 0.012-3.9 MPa, respectively. A goal was established to limit the maximum
deviation in the correlations (compared with their relative original sources) to 3.0%. In practice,
however, a higher accuracywas achieved while using a single correlation for the entire range of
each property. Deviations did not exceed 1.0%, except for fight water vapor density, for which the
error was 1.76%.

To ensure the reliability of the physical property correlations, only weil-established sources
were used. To avoid variations in the International System of Units (SI) conversions, only data
originally tabulated in SI units were used in the correlation development. Light water physical
property correlations were partly based on data taken from the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) 1steam tables. Where ASME did not provide physical properties in SI units,
Keenan et al.2 steam tables were used instead. Heavy t, ater physical property correlations were
based on Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) 3 tables, with the exception of surface
tension. The surface tension correlation was based on data from Vargaftik et al.4 It is worth
noting that Kaizerman, Washolder, and Tomerians developed a functional representation of heavy
water properties based on Soviet data that made use of heavy to fight water property ratios. It
 3

was decided not to rely on such property ratios in this work but rather develop correlations based
. directly on the indicated tabulated values.
In the development of the physical property correlations, two software codes were used.
. TableCurve (Jandel Scientific, Corte Madera, California) was used primarilyfor determining a
best fit equation for each property. SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina) was used to
fine tune the correlations and calculate the maximum deviations. These correlations were

incorporated into SAS codes for determining physical property data for both light and heavy
water. Since many people are not familiar with SAS, FORTRAN subroutines of these correlations
were also developed that can be easily appended to other calculational programs requiring
physical property data. To eliminate the need for time-consuming data searches, interpolations,
and unit conversions, an easy-to-use interactive program combining light and heavy water
correlations was developed. QuikProp was written in QuickBASIC (Microsoft Corporation,
Redmond, Washington) but is a stand-alone executable file, thus, its use does not require
compilation or the availabilityof QuickBASIC.
Although this effort was conducted in support of the ANS project, it is believed that the
physical property correlations and the corresponding computer programs documented in this
report are also useful to a broader audience. Some limitations in the correlations do exist,
however, and further improvements can be made, as recommended in Sect. 6.
 2.CORREI_TION DEVEIX)PMENT

i In the development of the physical property correlations, several data sources were
investigated to determine their reliability.The data sources and ranges selected as well as any
difficulties or constraints involved in the development of the physical property correlations are
discussed in this section. Explanations concerning any reservations regarding confidence levels or
source selections are also included in this section.

2.1 LIGHT WATER CORRELATION DEVEIL)PMENT

The light water physical property correlations are applicable over a temperature range of
20-300°C and a corresponding saturated pressure range of 0.0025-8.5 MPa. These light water
physical property correlations are partly based on data taken from the ASME 1 steam tables. The
surface tension correlation is an exact formulation as recommended by ASME. Where ASME did
not provide physical properties in SI units, Keenan et ai.2 steam tables were used. Each
correlation, its respective source, and maximumdeviation from the data are further documented
in Sect. 30The light water physical property correlations developed deviate no more than 0.7%
when compared with tabulated values of their respective sources, with the exception of saturated
vapor density, which deviates 1.76%.
Most light water physical property correlations were developed using the exact tabulated
values with no unit conversions, extrapolations, or interpolations. The development of the liquid
dynamic viscosity correlation, however, did require some manipulation. The ASME values are not
tabulated for saturated conditions but rather as a function of both temperature and pressure. Of
these values, only nine were within the applicable range of the correlation. In order to determine
the liquid dynamic viscosity at saturation conditions, two successive viscosity values at a given
temperature were used to extrapolate back to the saturation pressure conditions corresponding to
that temperature.
The light water physical property correlations incorporated ali data available from their
respective sources over the applicable range. With the exception of liquid dynamic viscosity,
ASME values are tabulated in ten-degree intervals, while Keenan et al.2 values are in five-degree
' intervals. Consequently, the correlations using Keenan et al.2 data result in slightly higher
statistical confidence levels.
 6

Although an exact formulation as recommended by ASME is used as the surface tension

correlation, an attempt was made to reduce the maximumdeviation by determining new constants.
New constants were determined by narrowing the original range of the correlation to that of the
applicable range. Although a maximumdeviation of 0.3% was attained using the new constants as
opposed to 0.5% using the original, this improvement was not considered appreciable, and the
original constants were retained.

2.2 HEAVY WATER CORRELATION DEVELg)PMENT

The heavy water physical property correlations are applicable over a temperature range of
50-250°C and a corresponding saturated pressure range of 0.012-3.9 MPa. These heavy water
physical property correlations were based entirely on data taken from the Atomic Energy of
Canada Limited (AECL), 3 with the exception of surface tension. The surface tension correlation
is an exact formulation taken from Vargaftik et al.4 Each correlation, its respective source, and
maximum deviation from the data is further documented in Sect. 3. The heavy water physical
property correlations developed deviate no more than 1.0% when compared with the tabulated
values of their respective sources.
With the exceptions of liquid thermal conductivity, liquid dynamic viscosity, and surface
tension, ali of the heavy water physical property correlations were developed using the exact
tabulated values as given in the AECL tables, with no unit conversions, extrapolations, or
interpolations. The liquid thermal conductivity values found in the AECL source are not tabulated
for saturated conditions but rather as a function of both temperature and pressure. Of these
values, only six were within the applicable range of the correlation. In order to determine the
liquid thermal conductivity at saturation conditions, two successive conductivity values at a given
temperature were used to extrapolate back to the saturation pressure conditions corresponding to
that temperature.
In the development of the heavy water liquid dynamic viscosity correlation, it was
discovered that the AECL tables did not include values for dynamic viscosity but instead provided
two kinematic viscosity tables.6 In the absence of dynamic viscosity tables, it was first necessary to
determine the saturated kinematic viscosity and then convert to dynamic viscosity by multiplying
by the corresponding density. As with liquid thermal conductivity, the liquid kinematic viscosity
values are not tabulated for saturated conditions but rather as a function of both temperature and
pressure. Of these values, only six were within the applicable range of the correlation. In order to
 7

obtain the saturated liquid kinematic viscosity at saturation conditions, two successive kinematic

. viscosity values at a given temperature were used to extrapolate back to the saturation pressure
conditions corresponding to that temperature. Once the saturated liquid kinematic viscosity values

. were obtained, interpolation was required to determine the saturated liquid density for the
corresponding saturation temperature. The saturated liquid kinematic viscosity values were then

multiplied by their corresponding saturated liquid density values to obtain the saturated liquid

dynamic viscosity. To confirm that ali of these manipulations were performed correctly, the
resulting saturated liquid dynamic viscosity values were compared with values provided by Heiks et
al.7 This comparison showed good agreement within a maximum deviation of 3.0%.

With the exception of surface tension, the heavy water physical property correlations

incorporated ali of the available AECL data in the applicable range. In most cases, the physical
property correlations are based on property values that are tabulated in five-degree intervals. As a
result, these correlations often yield statistically higher confidence levels. As previously mentioned,

however, the liquid thermal conductivity and liquid dynamic viscosity correlations were based on

only six values that were within the applicable range. Although these correlations yield a lower
confidence level, this lower level does not reflect badly on the correlations' performance since the
data trends are smooth.
 3. ANAL_JtNCAL CO__TIONS

L
In the following pages, the actual light and heavy water ph_ical property correlations are
presented. Although most of the property values are in SI units, it proved to be more convenient
to use megapascals and kilojoules instead of the formal SI units of Pascals and joules. The
correlations' max/mum deviations from the data and their respective sources are listed in Table 1
at the end of this chapter. In order to attain the accuracy as stated in Table 1, the coefficients
must be applied exactly as they appear. Any alteration, including truncation, of the coefficients
will cause a noticeable change in the accuracy of the resulting property values.
Although the physical property correlations for saturated heavy water were originally
developed for a 50-250°C temperature range, we have also examined the correlations'
performance over an extended range. The correlations were checked both at 45 ° and 35°C. A
five-degree extension of the temperature range resulted in minor error increases. In some cases,
the error at 45 °C was lower than the maximum deviation in the original range. The extension of
the correlations to 35°C resulted in slight error increases.
Errors were not reported at either temperature for saturated heavy water thermal
conductivity and dynamic viscosity because these properties were already valid for temperatures as
low as 26.84°C. Errors for saturated liquid specific heat were not reported because there were no
data for saturated specific heat below 47.93°C in the AECL3 data. Although one would not
expect a major increase in the error of saturated liquid specific heat at 45°C, it is not known
whether the error at 35°C would be small. Where data were available, the maximum deviations
were 0.33 and 1.68% at 45 and 35°C, respectively.
 10

3.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTY CORRELATIONS FOR SATURATED LIGHT WATER

The physical property correlations for saturated light water are applicable over a
temperature range of 20-300°C. This temperature range corresponds to a pressure range of
0.0025-8.5 MPa.

HaD SAIXIRATION IEMPERA_ (as a function of pressure)

r.ffi + Bx + DX'),
(A+ cx)/(1 (I)
where

X = _-(P),
A = 179.9600321,
B - -0.1063030,
C = 24.2278298,
D=2.951 x 104,

P = absolute pressure (MPa),

r. (oc).
HzO SATURATION TEMPERATURE (as a function of saturated liquid enthalpy)

T,,,, = A + Bh + Chsa + Dh', (2)

where

A = 0.0835777361,
B - 0.2377936769,
C - 5.1932951 x 10"7,
D = -2.2208153 x 104,

h = liquid enthalpy (kJ/kg),

r. (*c).
 11

H20 SATURATION PIU_SURE

• P.. = _I(A + CT+ E_ / (I + BT+ D_ + _I, (3)

where

A =-7.395489709,
B = 4J_4152 × 10"3,
¢ = 3._372s5 × 10-2,
D = 4_ × 104,
E = 2.651419 x l0 "s,
F = -4.14934 × 10"9,

T = temperature (°C),
p.. (Mpa).
HaD SATURATHD LIQUID HN'rHALPY

LqEntl = (A + CT + EP) I (1 + BT + DT_) , (4)

where

a = 0.7s6_159,
B = -0.001874457,
C = 4.163042560,
D =-3334 x 10"7,
E = -0.00779S602,

T = temperature (°C),
_na (kJ/kg).
H_ LATENTHEATOFVAPORIZATION

LtnHt = (A + BT + CT _ + DTJ) la , (5)

where

A -- 625482&560,
B =-11742.337953,
C = 6.3.W_845,
D = -0.049241,

T = temperature (°C),

i
 12

H20 SATURATI_ VAPOR ENTHAI.,PY

VapEml ffiA + BT sa + CT _ + DTra[ln(T)] , (6) '

where

A = 2488.301071,
B ffi 6.2698272 × 104,
C ffi-3.953072 × l0 "s,
D ffi 3.562972385,

r ffi temperature (°C),

V_oEna(kJ/kg).
HJ3SATtmATm3
VAPOR
D_
VapDenffi (A + CT + ET 2 + GTJ)I(1 + BT + DT _ + FT _ + HTO), (7)

where

A ffi-4375094 × 104,
B ffi -6.947700 × 10"3,
C ffi 7.662589 x 104,
D ffi 2.418897 x l0 "s,
E ffi-5.963920 x 104,
F ffi 4.227966 x 104,
G ffi 2.867976 x 10"7,
H- 2.594175 x l0 "u,

T = temperature (°C),
VapDen (l_m3).

H_ SATURATED HOt/lD DI_ISFIN

ZiqZ_n= tA + art + c'r/), (s)

where

Te = 1.gr + 32,
A ffi 1004.789042,
B ffi -0.046283,
C --7.9738 × 104,

T ffi temperature (°C),

L/cZ_n(kg/m3).
 13

SATURATED LIQUID THERMAL CONDUC1TWrY

• cond- _A+ BT+ C_ + _, (9)

where

A = 0.5677829144,
B = 1.8774171 x 10"3,
C = -8.1790 x 104,
D ffi 5.66294775 x 10"9,

T - temperature (°C),
Cond (W/m.K).

H_O SATURATED LIQUID DYNAMIC VISCOSITY

Dyn_'_c
= e_,l_A+ CT_/_I+ Br +D_I , (lo)
where

A "---6.325203964,
B = 8.705317 x 10"3,
C = -0.088832314,
D = -9.657 x 10"7,

T = temperature (°C),
Dyn Vise (Pass).

H:zOSA'HJRATED LIQUID SPECIFIC tIEAT

Ce = [(A + CT)(1 + BT + DT2)]lf_ , (11)

where

A = 17.48908904,
B =-1.67507x I0"s,
C = -0.03189591,
D ffi x 104,
-2.8748

T = temperature (°C),
c,,
(U/kg._).
D
 14

H_ SI/RFACE TENSION

spe__-
_va(1
+ cx), (12) •
where

x = (373.99-
T)/_7.15,
A = 235.8x 10_,
B - 1.256,
C = -0.625,

T -- temperature (°C),
$flens (N/m).
 15

3.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTY CORRHIATIONS FOR SATURATED HEAVY WATER

The physical property correlations for saturated heavy water are applicable over a
• temperature range of 50-250 °C. This temperature ranges corresponds to a pressure range of
0.012-3.9 MPa.

D20 SATURATION TEMPERATURE (as a function of pressure)

T_ -- _p(A + BX + C_ + DX_) , (13)

where

X = In(P),
A = 5.194927982,
B = 0.236771673,
C = -2.615268 x 10"s,
D = 1.708386 x 10"s,

P = absolute pressure (MPa),

T. (°C).
DaO SATURATION TEMPERATURE (as a function of saturated liquid enthalpy)

T. =,4 + Bhl_th;l + Ch211n(h_l

, (14)
where

A - 11.34352515,
B -- 0.03875871,
C =-5.733 x 10_s,

h = liquid enthalpy (kJ/kg),

r,, (°C).
 16

D20 SATURATION PRF.._URE

P, ffi erp(A + B/T x + C × In(Tr.) + DTx) , (15) "

where

Tg - T + 273.16,
A - 95.720020,
B ffi -8439.470752,
C ffi -13.496506,
D - 0.012010,

T - temperature (°C),
P,,,,
D20 SATURATED UQUID ENTHALPY

LqEntl = A + BT 2 + CT / In(T), (16)

where

A ffi -81.40815291,
B ffi 0.00274496,
C ffi 21.13005836,

T ffi temperature (*C),

LiqEml (kJ/kg).

DzO LATENT I-IF_ATOF VAPORIZATION

Ltnttt ffi (A + BX + CXZ)t_ , (17)

where

X -- 371.49- T,
A ffi 5O8093.6669,
B ffi 17006.921765,
C = -11.009078,

T ffi temperature (*C),

LtnHt (kJ/kg).
 17

D20 SA'IXJRATED VAPOR ENTHALPY

• VapEntl = A + BTiln(T)I + C7° , (18)

where

A = 2337.404845,
B = 0.335900,
C = -1.30643 x l0 "s,

T = temperature (*C),
VapEntl (kJ/kg).

D:J9 SATURATED VALOR DENSITY

VapDen = expl(A+ CT + ET2)/(1+ BT + D_)I , (19)

where

A =-5.456208705,
B = 2.386228 x 10"3,
C ffi 0.060526809,
D--1.15778 x l0 s,
E =-1.11360 x l0 "t,

T = temperature (*C),
VapDen (kg/m3).

D20 SATURATED LIQUID DENSITY

LiqDen = (A + BTp + CTX), (20)

where

rx= 1.ST+ 32,

A = 1117.772605,
B = -0.077855,
C = -8.42 x 104,

T = temperature (*C),
LiqDen (kg/m3).
 18

D20 SATURATED LIQUID _ CONDUCTIVITY

Cond = (A + BTI + CT, 2 + DT_3) , (21) "

where

7'1 - (1.8T + 491.67) x 104,

A -- -0.4521496,
B - 36.0743280,
C - -357.9973221,
D = 924.0219962,

T = temperature (°C),
Com/(W/m.K).

D20 SATURATED LIQUID DYNAMIC VISCOSITY

DynVisc = (A + BTI, + C/Tv + D/Tj,2) , (22)

where

Tp= 1.s-r+ 32,

A = -1.111606 x 104,
B ffi 9.46 x 104,
C = 0.0873655375,
D = 0.4111103409,

T = temperature (°C),
DynVisc (Pa.s).

D:_ SATURATED LIQUID SPECIHC ItF.AT

c_ = _a+ BT,+ CT/+ DT/_, (23)

where

T_ = (I.8T + 491.67) × l0 "s,

A - 2.237124,
B = 122.217151,
C = -2303.384060,
D = 13555.737878,

T = temperature (°C),
cp(kJ/kg,K).
 19

D20 SURFACE TENSION

• Sftens= AxB(I + CX_, (24)

where

X = (371.49 - T)/644.65,
A = 2.44835759 x 10t,
B = 1.269,
C =-6.60709649 x 10"_,

T = temperature (°C),
Sf-tens (N/m).
2O
 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTY COMPUTER CODES

The physical property correlations were incorporated in three different codes using three
different programming languages. The most extensive code was an interactive properties software
package that was developed using QuickBASIC. The most versatile code was a pair of
FORTRAN subroutines that can be easily appended to any FORTRAN code. The correlations
were also organized in a third code providing SAS users a means of determining physical property
data.

4.1 QInKPROP

A convenient, quick, and easy to use interactive properties software package was developed
using the physical property correlations. Although written in QuickBASIC, QuikProp is a stand-
alone executable code and does not require QuickBASIC for execution. The correlations used in
the code are exactly as they appear in SecL 3. The program can accept both temperatures and
pressures in either British or SI units. No preinstruction is necessary because the user is guided
through the program. It was our intent for this program to provide the user with a "quick" source
of physical properties, thus alleviating the need for time consuming interpolations and unit
conversions.

4.2 FORTRAN SUBRO_

FORTRAN subroutines have been developed that can be easily incorporated in existing
FORTRAN codes. Usually this requires no more than the addition of a call statement in the
original code. As with the interactive properties package, ali correlations used in the subroutines
are exactly as they appear in Sect. 3. The subroutines calculate physical properties and pass them
to the main program as double-precision values. As a word of caution, the subroutines often
provide inaccurate values if a double-precision input value is not passed to the subroutine. If
single-precision values are desired, the variable declarations statement in the physical property
subroutines must be changed accordingly.

21
 22

4.3 _ PROGRAMS

Unlike FORTRAN, SAS is not a very common programming language. SAS, however, was
used in the development of the physical property correlations, and as a result, the first physical
property codes were written in SAS. As with ali the other physical property codes, the
correlations used in their development are exactly as they appear in Sect. 3. The initial point, final
point, and interval are defined at the top of the code using macro var/ables. The properties are
then calculated, and the results are displayed in the output window in a tabula_• format.
The authors will be glad to provide a copy of these codes upon request. If you are
interested, please contact Allen Crabtree [(615) 576-5298] or Moshe Siman-Tov [(615) 574-6515].
 5. PHYSICAL PROPERTY TABLF_ AND GRAPHS

The tables and graphs in this section are provided as an additional description of the
correlations and their performance. Table 2 is followed by Figs. 1-10 for selected saturated light
water properties, while Table 3 is followed by Figs. 11-20 for selected saturated heavy water
properties. The tables are sample outputs from the property codes described in SecL 4 and are
not suggested for uses other than point calculations or comparisons. As a visual representation of
the physical property correlations, the graphs reflect any trends that the properties may have as a
function of temperature. The computer codes described in Sect. 4 are highly recommended for
any additional computations and are readily available from the authors. If these codes are not
adequate for a particular application and the user wishes to incorporate the correlations himself,
the sample output results will serve as an excellent means of checking accuracy.

23
:24
 25

0 .... | .... i .... I .... ! .... ! .... | " " "

0
O. 8 -
V

Q
5,.

= 6
@
li.,
0,..
c 4
o
,.0.-.
0
I,,.

0 2

. • • . | • o • • . • . . • , • • i I ! i . • ! I i i , •

0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300 350

Saturation Temperature (deg C)

Fig. 1. H=O saturation pressure using Eq. 3.

,,_1800 .... , .... , .... ,.._.. , .... , .... , .....

"_. 1400

"_ 1200

1000
"E
w 800

._o" 600
_. 4oo
. £
= 200
o 0 --...' .... ' .... ' .... ' , ,
0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300 350
Saturation Temperature (deg C)

Fig. 2. H_ tammted 5qukl enthalpy _,._ingEq. 4.

 26

t:_ _.

.,,,}
v 2250 _
c !
o
N 2000
0
Q.
0
>
,,. 1750
0

0
@
:z: 1500

o, 1250 .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' "', "' .... ,
0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300 350
Saturation Temperature (deg. C)

F_,.s. H_OZat=nt
heatofvaporization
_ _. 5.

2850 .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , . • . , ....

2800

>" 2750 _
o.
J::
-'-- 2700

oQ. 2650
0
:>
"o 2600
@

L
=1 2550 -=
,,,,IP-
0
(/1
2500 .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' ....
0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300 350
Saturation Temperature (deg. C)

F'_ 4. HzO zaturated vapor enthalpy ruing EcI. 6.

 27

0 .... if .... I .... ! .... ! .... ! .... | ....

E 45
a_ 40
_. 35
e 30

L 25
0
0
a. 20
>
._ 15

L
a 10
"-0 5
m
i I ! A I A

- * * ¢ * * * • • * i i i i

0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300 350

Saturation Temperature (deg. C)

FiR, 5. H20 saturatedvapor density using Eq. 7.

1050 .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....... , ....

E
m 975
>,,.

c@ 900
E3

._a" 825
._1
"lD
@
.4-.

750
0
(/1
675 .... ' .... ' .... ' .... , .... , !

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Saturation Temperature (deg C) --

Fi_ & H_D satumt©d liquid dcmity using F,q. 8.

 28

E
0.70 .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....

_.

_>
o 0.65
:3
"13
C
0
0

o 0.60
o
I-,-

--_ 0.55
O"
..%
@
o 0.50 ,,,, i .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....
_'=
,,,0=,
0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300 350
o Saturation Temperature (deg C)

lr_ 7. H=Osaturated liquid thermal conductivityusing Eq. 9.

m
o 1.3e-003 _-
0..

>,,

0 1.0e-003
u

._ 7.5e-004
E
0
E
>, .
_ 5.0e-004

"J 2.5e-004
'10

0
L

•,,,,,-,,,,,,n.n"=-nnn .... , , .... , ..., .....

o
V) 0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300 350
Saturation Temperature (deg. C)
 29

v
. _O.U .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....
v

*"
0 5.5
0
-!-

_o
0
® 5.0
a.
03

._o-
..J 4.5
'10

40
-- • w .... ' .... ' .... I.. = •, • * * i II t , * _ I • • ..
U
03 0 50 1O0 150 200 250 300 350
Saturation Temperature (deg C)

Fig. 9. HzO saturated liquid specific heat using Eq. 11.

v.v_, .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....

0.07
E
Z 0.06

¢..
._o0.05
¢..

,- 0.04
0
U
U
_. 0.03
L

03
0.02

001. .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' " ' ' t

• 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Saturation Temperature (deg C)

Fig. 10. H20 surface tension using Eq. 12.

30
 31

0.0
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275
Saturation Temperature (deg C)

F'_ 11. DtO zatumtion pressure ruing Eq. 15.

1200 - ,
,_ -., .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....

1000
_v

13.
800
-qf==
C
Ld 600
::3
iT"
:.3 400
'10

o
l,,. 200

i
• :_
0

(_ 0 .... I .... I , , , , I .... I .... I .... I • , , = I , , , , l , , , , a , , t =

• 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275

Saturation Temperature (deg C)

F_. lZ D=O saturated liquid ¢atl_l_ using _ 16.

 32

_. 2300 .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....
O) .

"_
--) 2200

¢ 2100
.2
0
._N
L_
2000
0
o. 1900
0
>
0
1800

0
1700
-r-
-4,--
r- 1600
"lm
IBR

-_ 1500 .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' ....
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275

Saturation Temperoture (deg. C)

]F'_. 13. 1)20 latcm heat of vapodzation usin_ F-4. 17.

2650 .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....

2600

--_
0
2550

2500
0

0
> 2450

° 2400

2350 ,,,,''',,' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... I .... , .... ,...,I,,,,
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275

Soturation Temperoture (deg. C)

F'_. 14. D_ saturat_l vapor enthall_ _ F-4. 18.

 33

5 .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I .... I ....

, N')
E
2O

>.,
cn
,-- 15
a
lb.
0
o-10
0
>

ID

Lo 5
:3
0

• • , • i . . . a_ , • • ,

25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275

Saturation Temperature (deg. C)

Fig. 15. D=O mturated vapor density using Eq. 19.

1150 .... ,..,., .... . .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....

E
1100

,-,:_ 1050
C

c::s 1000

.2"
_ 950
"10
lD

900

(/1
• 850 .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ,...,I,,,,a .... , .... , ....
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275

Saturation Temperature (deg C)

 34

E
0.65 ....
,_ .... II " " " I .... II .... II .... II .... I .... I .... I .... II ....

_>
u
-
"_
C 0.60
0
(.3

E
@
.IE
i-. 0.55

CT
e,m_
.J
"V
@
0.50 .... i .... i .... i .... l .... i .... ! , . , , I .... i .... i ....

i.:
,,lm
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275
o
03 Saturation Temperature (deg. C)

F_. 1"I.D20 _tm_ 5q_ _ __M_ _g Eq. 2t.

o 7e-004
zt
.... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....

>,,
-.-
el=,,6e-004
0
0
5e-004
>
U
e_

E 4e-004
0
e-
a>" 3e-004
'10
e-,,=

:3
(3" 2e-004
..J

xp 1e-O04
-4--
0
lh,.

:3
"0" Oe+O00 .... I .... I .... I • , • , I , • • • i , , • • I .... I , • , , I .... I i i i i

o
(/3 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275
Saturation Temperature (deg. C)
 35

v
. O_ 4.7 .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .....

--_ 4.6
,,#=,
0

,-t- 4.5

U
• 4.4
Q.
0'1

::3
4.3
.__"
,-1
•Io 4.2
O

:= 41 .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ° .... ' .... ' .... ' .... J ....
"OR

0
(/3 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275

Saturation Temperature (deg C)

l_, 19. _ =t__ N_ :_ b=t _ N. 23.

nn7
v.v. ..... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....

E 0.06
Z

e- 0.05
.2
C

v-- 0.04
U
0
N,=-
t.

w 0.03

• 002. .... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' .... _.... ' .... ' .... ' .... ' ....
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275

Saturation Temperature (deg C)

Fg.20. D_ _ mndon=ingF_.q.
24.
 _I_$NDATIONS

The physicalpropertycorrelationsprovidedin thisdocumentare for saturated

conditionsonly,but subcooledconditionswill exist in the ANSR. Althoughsubcooled
conditionsare nominal,local superheatedconditionsare also possible.As a result,the
most prominentrecommendationfor futurework is to determinethe errorassociatedwith
the use of these correlationsin calculatingpropertiesat subcooledandsuperheated
conditions.The error is not expectedto be largesince mostof the physicalproperties do
not have a strongdependanceon pressure.If the resultingerroris considered
unacceptable,however,additionalcorrelationswill be necessary.
The correlationrangewasoriginallydesignedto coverANSR nominaloperating
conditions.A need to broadenthis rangemayariseas moresafetyanalysesare performed.
Manyaccidentanalyses,for example,wouldrequirecorrelationrangescomprisingcertain
off-nominaloperatingconditions.It maybe difficult,however,to maintain the same level
of accuracyin a single correlationif the rangeis much broader.
It is encouragingto knowthat the interactiveprogram,QuikProp,is actuallybeing
used and gainingpopularitywithinthe ANS project.As a result,it has been recommended
that a Macintoshversionof QuikPropbe developed.Althoughthe current version of
QuikPropcan run underWindowsas a DOS application,a mouse-drivenWindowsversion
is desirable.

37
 ACKNO_MEN_

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the ANS Project Office that
made this work possible: the review of the original draft by J. C. Moyers, A. E. Ruggles,
. and R. D. Wichner; the review of the final draft by Norbert Chen and David Morris; and
the guidance and review by Grady Yoder. The authors would also like to acknowledge the
original contribution by T. Creek.

39
 1. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME Steam Tables, 5th Ed., 1983.

2. Joseph H. Keenan, Frederick G. Keyes, Philip G. Hill, and Joan G. Moore, Steam
. Tables, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1978.

3. P.G. Hill, R. D. MacMillan, and V. Lee, Tables of Thermodynamic Properties of

Heavy Water in SI Units, AECL 7531, December 1981.

4. N.B. Vargaftik et al., "Table of Surface Tension of Heavy Water," in Water and
Steam, Their Properties and Cwrent Induslrial Applications, Pergamon Press, 1980.

5. S. Kaizerman, E. Wacholder, and N. Tomerian, "A Thermophysical H_vy Water

Properties Package for Thermal-HydraulicAccident Analysis Codes," NuC/. Eng. Des.
80, 385-391 (1984).

6. Laurie Scott, Manager of Information Resources, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited,

Canada, personal communication to J. A. Crabtree, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, Tenn., October 1992.

7. J.R. He'fl_set al., "The Physical Properties of Heavy Water from Room Temperature
m 250°C HLM-934, January 12, 1954.

41
 ORNLfI'M- 12322
Internal Distribution

, i. C.W. Alexander 54. B.L. Lepard, Jr.

2. D.J. Alexander 55. R.A. Lillie
3. R.R. Allen 56. P.S. Litherland
• 4. E.E. ALton 57. M.A. Linn
5. J. L Anderson 58. A.T. Lucas
6. B.R. Appleton 59. J.A. March-Leuba
7. R.E. Battle 60. B.S. Maxon
8. R.S. Booth 61. G.T. Mays
9. W.W. Bowman 62. M.T. McFe,¢_
10. R.A. Brown 63. S.V. M_.C _,_
11. G.J. Bunick 64. T.J. McManamy
12. J.H. Campbell (5) 65. G.R. McNutt
13. J.J. C_rbajo 66. J.T. Mihalczo
14. P.F. Cento 67. B.H. Montgomery
15. N.C. ,'. Chen 68. R.M. Moon
16. IC "_°.Chi!ds 69. D.G. Morris
17. IC IC Chipley 70. D.L. Moses
18. J.E. Cleaves 71. J.C. Moyers
19. J.T. Cleveland 72. W.R. Nelson
20. D.H. Cook 73. M. Olszewski
! 21. G. L Copeland 74. R.E. Pawel
22. B.L. Corbett 75. H.R. Payne
23-27. J.A. Crabtree 76 F.J. Peretz
28. W.G. Craddick 77. B.H. Power
29. J.S. Crowell 78. C.C. Queen
30. J.R. Dixon 79. S. Raman
31. H. L Dodds 80. C.T. Ramsey
32. F. E Dyer 81. J.S. Rayside
33. Y. Elkassabgi 82. W.R. Reed
34. G. Farquharson 83. J.P. Rt_nier
35. D. IC Felde 84. J.B. Roberto
36. R.E. Fenstermaker 85. A.E. Ruggles
37. J.D. Freels 86. T.L. Ryan
38. V. Georgevich 87. D.L. Selby
39. M. L Gildner 88. H.B. Shapira
40. G.E. Giles 89. I.I. Siman-Tov
41. H.A. Glovier 90-94. M. Siman-Tov
42. R.M. Harrington 95. B.R. Smith
43. J.B. Hayter 96. T.K. Stovall
44. W.R. Henddch 97. W.F. Swinson
• 45. S.E. Holliman 98. R.P. Taleyarkhan
46. M.M. Homer 99. L.H. Thacker
47. M. Ibn-Khayat 100. D.W. Thiesen
" 48. D.T. Ingersoll 101. P.B. Thompson
49-52. R.L. Johnson 102. K.R. Thorns
53. J.E. Jones, Jr. 103. S.R. l Ompkins
104. B.D. Wamick 113. G.T. Yahr
105. M.W. Wendel 114. G.L. Yoder
106. C.D. West 115. ORNL Patent Office
107. J.L. Westbrook 116-117. Central Research Library .
108. R.B. Wichner 118. Document Reference Section
109. D.M. Williams 119. Y-12 Technical Library
110. P. T Williams 120-121. Laboratory Records Dept. ,
111. W.R. Williams 122. Laboratory Records, RC
112. B.A. Worley

External Distribution

123. R. Awan, U.S. Department of Energy, NE-473, Washington, DC 20585.

124. L Y. Cheng, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Associated Universities, Inc., BidV, 120
Reactor Division, Upton, Long Island, NY 11973.
125. C. L Christen, DRS/Hundley Kling Gmitter, 1055 Commerce Park Drive, Oak Ridge,
TN 37830.
126-128. U.S. Department of Energy, ANS Project Office, Oak Ridge Field Office, FEDC,
MS-821R, P.O. Box 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-8218.
129. C.D. Fletcher, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, 2145 East 17th
Street, Teton Village Complex, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-3885.
130. R.R. Fullwood, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973.
131. W.R. GambiU, Route 5, Box 220, Clinton, TN 37716.
132. B. Gupta, AECL Technologies, 1155 Metcalfe Street, 2hd Floor, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada H3B 2V6.
133. A.F. Henry, Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139.
134. R.A. Hunter, Director, Office of Facilities, Fuel Cycle, and Test Programs, Nuclear
Energy Division, U.S. Department of Energy, NE-47, Washington, DC 20585.
135. L.C. Ianniello, Acting Associate Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of
Energy Research, U. S. Department of Energy, ER-10, Washington, DC 20585.
136. M. Kaminaga, Tokai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute,
Todai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 319-11, JAPAN.
137. T.L. Kerlin, University of Tennessee, College of Engineering, 315 Pasqua Engineering
Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-2300.
138. J.A. Lake, Manager, Nuclear Engineering and Reactor Design, Idaho National
Engineering Laboratory, P. O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415.
139. J.E. Mays, Research and Test Reactor Fuel Elements, Babcock and Wilcox Co., P. O.
Box 785, Lynchburg, VA 24505.
140-141. W.E. Meek, Project Manager, Gilbert/Commonwealth, Inc., P. O. Box 1498, Reading,
PA 19603.
142. C.S. Miller, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID
83415.
143. J.P. Mulkey, U.S. Department of Energy, NE-473, Washington, DC 20585. °
144. C.H. Oh, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID
83415.
 145. W.T. Oosterhuis, Materials Sciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of
Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy, ER-132, Washington, DC 20585.
146. J.M. Ryskamp, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, P. O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID
83415-3885.
" 147. R.W. Shumway, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID
83415.
, 148. J. L Snelgrove, Coordinator, Engineering Applications, RERTR Program, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439.
149. P.I. Stumbo, Chief of Special Facilities Branch, Department of Energy, Oak Ridge
Operations Office, P.O. Box 2001, Oak Ridge, "IN 37831-2001.
150. I. Thomas, Director, Materials Science Division, Office of Energy Research, U.S.
Department of Energy, ER-13, Washington, D.C. 20585.
151. J.M. Warren, Gilbert/Commonwealth, Inc., 1055 Commerce Park Drive, Suite 200, Oak
Ridge, TN 37830.
152. P.W. Winkler, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 7201 Hamilton Boulevard, Allentown,
PA 18195-1501.
153. H. (3. Wood, III, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901
154. Office of Assistant Manager for Energy Research and Development, DOE-Oak Ridge
Field Office, P.O. Box 2001, Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-8600.
155-156. Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831.