FINAL PRESENTATION

CVY 9517 – Independent Study

By :- Eng. D M I Sanjeewa
Reg. No. :- 120254638
University :- OUSL
Course :- MSc in Structural Design
Supervisor :- Mr. Indika Fernando
Introduction

- Aim
 gaining a comprehensive practice of designing a four storied building according to Eurocodes.

- Exercise
 Designing a Four storied building for a hotel

- Building will consist of

 RCC four storied building with steel roof with asbestos roof and flat ceiling
 Ground floor - Restaurant, kitchen etc.
 1st floor - Single & double guest rooms
 2nd floor - Deluxe guest rooms (no columns inside the room)
 3rd floor - Wedding reception hall (no internal columns)
Building Location

 The location is at Katunayaka

 Rear Side of the land face to the lagoon
 Other three sides are surrounded by single storied residential houses
 Water level of the lagoon is at 1 m below from the ground level
Description of The Building

 4 Storied Hotel Building

 Building Dimensions
Length - 33,551 mm; Width- 17,175 mm; Building Height with Roof – 19.0 m
 Ground Floor – Restaurant, Kitchen and Bar etc
 First Floor – Single and double rooms with a private balcony
 Second Floor – Deluxe Family Rooms
 Third Floor – Banquet Hall
 Roof – Steel roof with Asbestos Roofing sheets
- Roof Angle is 15˚ degrees
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
Soil Report
 Water table is at 0.6 m from the existing ground level

 Soil is a alluvial soil which consists of lagoon sand and loose sand

 Depth the rock is 15 m

 According to the investigation two alternatives have been proposed by geotechnical engineer

1. Ground improvement and raft foundation (bearing capacity tobe taken as 80 kN/m2

2. Ground improvement and isolated or combined or strip footing (bearing capacity to be

taken as 100 kN/m2)

Material properties
 Linear material properties are defined – No major creep and Shrinkage
 Reinforced concrete properties confirming BS EN 1992-1-1,2004
 Reinforcement bars - Grade B500B (Yield strength = 500 MPa) comply with BS
4449:2009 and SLS 375: 2009
 Structural steel elements – Grade S 275 comply with BS EN 1993-1: 2005
 Strength of concrete (Table 3.1, BS EN 1992-1-1, 2004)
Poisson’s ratio (uncracked concrete) = 0.2

Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.0x10-5 C.

Design codes and standards
 BS EN 1990:2002: Eurocode, Basis of Structural Design

 BS EN 1991-1-1: 2002: Eurocode-1, part 1-1, Actions on structures, General Actions – Densities, self-weight,
imposed loads for buildings

 BS EN 1991-1-1: 2002: Eurocode-1, part 1-4, Actions on structures, General actions – Wind actions.

 BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004: Eurocode-2, part 1-1, Design of concrete structures, General rules and rules for buildings

 BS EN 1992-1-2: 2004: Eurocode-2, part 1-2, Design of concrete structures, Structural fire design

 BS EN 1992-3:2006: Eurocode-1, part 3, Liquid retaining and containment structures

 BS EN 1997-1:2004: Eurocode-7, Geotechnical design, General rules

 BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005: Eurocode-3, part 1-1, Design of steel structures, General rules and rules for buildings

 BS EN 1994-1-1: 2004: Eurocode-4, part 1-1, Design of composite steel and concrete structures, General rules and
rules for buildings
Loads
 Permanent actions – Gk
1. Dead loads and Superimposed loads
2. Creep/ Shrinkage actions – No demand in this assignment
3. Thermal actions – No demand in this assignment
4. Differential settlement – q is similar for all Footings; Small DS is distributed by Tie beams

 Variable Actions – Qk
1. Live Loads
2. Wind actions
3. Seismic actions – Not considered
4. Accidental actions – Not Considered in general
Loads
Dead Loads - Gk Live Loads
1. Concrete Density – 24 kN/m3 Reference – “BS 6399 / Table 01

2. Finishes – 1.8 KN/m2 1. Wedding hall - 5 kN/m2

3. Ceiling and Services – 0.5 KN/m2 2. All other areas including rooms - 3 kN/m2
4. Curtain wall – 2 KN/m
3. Roof
5. Interior partition wall – 1.5 KN/m2 Table 6.9 and Table 6.10 – EN 1991-1-1
qk = 0 – 1 kN/m2; hence, it is selected as 0.75 kN/m2

6. Brick walls
225 mm thick – 5 kN/m2
150 mm thick – 3.33 kN/m2

7. Roof
Asbestos – 0.5 kN/m2
Steel purlins – 0.1 kN/m2
Insulation – 0.01 kN/m2
Self Weight of truss – 0.3 kN/m2
Ceiling and Services – 0.5 KN/m2
Wind Loads
 Altitude in the locations is around 3 m;
 the location is situated in Zone 3.
 Corresponding 3 second gust velocity for 50 year return period is 33 ms-1
 BS EN 1991-1-4 is used and follow the procedure given.
Vb ~ 22 ms-1
 Final values are given here. Open to the Sea breeze
Conclusion
Durability and fire resistance
From Table E.1N – EC2
 For Exposure class XS1
 Strength class is C25/30
 Aggregate Size – 20 mm
 One Hour Fire Rated for the all elements

Element Cover
Foundation 50 mm
Column 50 mm
Beam 50 mm
Slab 25 mm
 Slab & Beam - Initial Sizing
1. Slab – 1st Floor 3. Columns
Ac / Column
Short lx 4130 4130 4130 2212 Gk Qk Wk N N/Ac Ac
225 sizes
Long ly 5657 9144 4572 4130 C1 259.5 85.9 48.4 551.7 20 27586 123 225x225
Ratio ly/lx 1.4 2.2 1.1 1.9
C2 610.9 154.0 0.0 1055.8 20 52790 235 225x300
End 158.8 158.8 158.8 85.1
d C3 978.9 302.4 0.0 1775.1 20 88753 394 400x450
Interior 137.7 137.7 137.7 73.7
C4 738.6 231.0 0.0 1343.7 20 67183 299 225x350
End 188.8 188.8 188.8 115.1
cover+5=30 C5 434.3 164.3 48.4 905.5 20 45273 201 225x225
Interior 167.7 167.7 167.7 103.7
C6 433.0 113.4 0.0 754.7 20 37734 168 225x225
Slab Thickness 200 200 200 200

2. Beam – 4. Foundation
Ex. Beams along the Grids 4 in 1st floor Gk Qk Wk N 1.08N
q-
Area
Side
Select
Span / Effective depth = 20 kN/m2 length

Effective depth = 5657 / 20 = 283 mm C1 259.5 85.9 48.4 393.8 425.3 100.0 4.253 2.06 2.00

450 x 225 beams are selected C2 610.9 154.0 0.0 765.0 826.2 100.0 8.262 2.87 3.00

Assume T32, 2 bars shall be accommodated. C3 978.9 302.4 0.0 1281.3 1383.8 100.0 13.84 3.72 3.75

Hence, Smin = 32 mm C4 738.6 231.0 0.0 969.6 1047.2 100.0 10.47 3.24 3.25

= 32x2+32+10x2+50x2 = 216 mm < 225 mm ; C5 434.3 164.3 48.4 647.1 698.8 100.0 6.988 2.64 2.50

Hence, 450 x 225 beams are selected C6 433.0 113.4 0.0 546.4 590.1 100.0 5.901 2.43 2.50
GA-Foundation GA-1st Floor

GA-2nd Floor GA-3rd Floor

 STRUCTURAL MODELLING & ANLYSIS –
Global Analysis
Procedure
1. Making SAP2000 model, defining materials,
assigning the sections & supports
2. Slab meshing
3. Applying loads
a. Slab Loads
• Loading the beams manually by tributary area loading
• Unit load is used for easiness of applying for Gk and Qk.
b. Brick walls and curtain walls loaded to the beams
c. Roof Gk, Qk and Wind loads loaded manually to the
columns
Defining the Mass of the building - 1Gk+0.3Qk d. Wind loads applied to nodes from two
Important when improving the model to wind and seismic; perpendicular sides (θ = 0 & θ = 90 )
But, not critical here
Load Application To the Model
Dead Loads And Live Loads Wind Loads
Slab Loads To the Building (Cladding)
- Tributary Area Method is used and Loaded to the beams Manually Calculating cpe; EN1991-1-4; Table 7.4
Windward - cpe = 0.8; Leeward - cpe = -0.5
qp = 1.3 x 1.02 = 1.326 kN/m2
One Way Slab – Gk & qk
Apply as a point load to the effective area in X and Y
directions
Two way Slab – Gk & qk

Brick wall Loads, Curtain Walls, Hand Rails etc

Roof Loads
Roof Gk and Qk applied to the C1 and C6 collumns manually; Those are
calculated by truss tributary area

Tributary area of a truss to a column = 39.325 m2

Gk = 55.3 kN; Qk=29.43 kN
Load Combinations
SAP Model
Structural analysis - Global analysis
 The structure without roof is considered for modal analysis since the local modes of roof
elements will dispute the global analysis.

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios

OutputCas
e StepType StepNum Period UX UY UZ SumUX
Text Text Unitless Sec Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless
MODAL Mode 1 2.154342 0.97253 0.00058 3.573E-09 0.97253
MODAL Mode 2 1.972932 0.00769 0.25651 3.924E-08 0.98022
MODAL Mode 3 1.799144 0.00062 0.68923 8.687E-08 0.98084
MODAL Mode 4 1.059865 1.915E-09 0.00047 3.673E-07 0.98084
MODAL Mode 5 1.003519 7.235E-08 0.03673 1.129E-07 0.98084

MODAL Mode 6 0.837466 0.00004587 0.00001483 5.149E-07 0.98088

MODAL Mode 7 0.827391 0.000001388 0.00003662 2.952E-08 0.98088

MODAL Mode 8 0.676313 0.01497 4.854E-07 2.102E-09 0.99586

MODAL Mode 9 0.634583 3.666E-07 0.0026 0.000000188 0.99586

MODAL Mode 10 0.622717 6.572E-09 0.00014 0.000000144 0.99586

MODAL Mode 11 0.614844 0.00002084 0.00002772 3.573E-08 0.99588

MODAL Mode 12 0.505533 0.000000327 0.00021 9.894E-10 0.99588

 Story drift is lower than 1/500 as manually checked for all load combinations

 No P-d effect since non-linear analysis is not considered

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
1. Foundation
Combined footing for C1 and C2 columns – 4500 mm x 2750 mm x 450 mm
SLS ULS
SLS (kN) ULS (kN)
C1 334 518
C2 692 959
Soil Bearing Capacity
Q = 100 kN / m2

Finalized Setup for ULS Checks Results Bar Top Net Bottom Net

Adequacy of Size 83 kN/m2 - ok Main 14T12-200-T1 14T16-200-B1

Adequacy of depth VEd = 1,539.3 kN Distribution 27T12-175-T2 14T12-200-B2

Design for bending T16 – 200mm (2613 mm2)

Checking min. steel As min = 1,413 mm2

Direct shear VRd,c = 414 > Ved = 358.5

Punching shear VRd,c = 0.396 > Ved = 0.36

Transverse Steel T12 – 175 mm

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Foundation - Drawings
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
2. Slab Design
Slab panel at 2-3/C-E in 3rd floor is selected for the design

Ly = 8,560 mm
Lx = 4,567 mm
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Slab Design Calculations and Drawings
ly/lx<2; 2way Slab
ULS – 16.11 kN/m
h = 200 mm; Cover – 25 mm; R/f - T10
dshort = 170 mm & dlong = 160 mm
As, req As, prov
(β) Moment k As, prov
mm2 mm2

Short direction - mid 0.075 25.20 0.03 359 T10-200 392.5

Short direction - support 0.057 19.15 0.03 273 T10-250 314
Long direction - mid 0.033 11.09 0.02 168 T10-250 314
Long direction - support 0.025 8.40 0.01 127 T10-250 314
 Distribution bars for Top nets is T10 - 250 –T2

VRd,c,short = 34.88 VEd,short = 19

Check for Shear kN/m kN/m

Check for Deflection Allow. s/d = 50.6 Actual s/d = 26

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
3. Beam
Beam in Grid C in 3rd floor
Beam Size – 600 x 225
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Beam
Beam along Grid 3 in 3rd floor is selected for the design as critical element

Bending Moment Diagram Shear Force Diagram

1 1-2 2 2-3 3 3-4 4 4-5 5 1 1-2 2 2-3 3 3-4 4 4-5 5
-34 143 -239 98 -203 96 -228 136 -45 -94 152 138 142 92
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Beam Design Summary
h = 600 mm; Cover – 50 mm; R/f - T32, d = 524 mm
Design for Hogging Moment Design for Sagging Moment Design for Shear Force
VEd
M z As,req VEf (kN) ρ Asw/S S (mm) Shear links
k Rebar M(kNm As,req (kN)
(kNm) (mm) (mm2) Span k z (mm) Rebar
Support ) (mm2)
152.48 0.014 129 0.25 628 T10 @ 250
1 239 0.154 439.08 1251.32 2T25 & 1T20 mm
1-2 143 0.014 497.80 660.38 2T20 & 1T16
2 203 0.131 453.88 1028.16 2T25 & 1T20 147.15 0.014 112.20 0.22 714 T10 @ 250
mm
2-3 98 0.010 497.80 452.57 2T20 & 1T16
3 228 0.148 443.38 1182.13 2T25 & 1T20 T10 @ 250
142.41 0.014 104.80 0.21 748
3-4 96 0.010 497.80 443.33 2T20 & 1T16 mm
4 45 0.029 510.17 202.77 2T20
150.65 0.005 110.70 0.22 714 T10 @ 250
5 34 0.022 513.62 152.18 2T20 4-5 136 0.014 497.80 628.05 2T20 & 1T16
mm

Checks Results
Transverse R/f in the flange Not needed

Maximum longitudinal spacing between links. 393 mm

Shear Reinforcement ratio Satisfied

Check for Deflection Ok

Curtailment of Bars For Supports and Anchorage

Detailing Max and Min bar spacing etc

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Beam Drawing
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
4. Column
Column at C/3 is selected; Column Size is 400 mm x 450 mm / Floor to Floor height is 4200 mm
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Axial load, Bending moments and shear forces from frame analysis

Checked for critical load combinations and

highlighted combinations is selected for the
design

Check Result Check Result

λlim 41.4 M/bh2fck 0.036
λy 36.9
RNEd/bhfck . 0.28
λz 38.9
d2/h . 0.16
ea 20 mm Asfyk/bhfck 0.4
Ma 24.9 kNm
As,req 3600 mm2 – 8T25

Check for shear Shear r/f not needed

Shear links Use nominal links

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
5. Roof Truss

Total length of the truss – 19 m

Angle of cords – 15o
Height of the truss – 9.5 x tan 15o = 2.546 m
Purlin spacing – 1.2 m
Effective area of node – 4.13 x 1.2 cos 15 = 5.13 m2
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Roof Truss
Wind Force application – Wind load is applied as point loads to all purlin joints

θ=0/ θ=90 F/F H/F H/G J/G J/F I/F

θ=0 -5.76 -2.62 -2.62 -1.57 -1.57 -3.14

θ=90 -6.8 -6.8 -8.37 -8.37 -6.8 -6.8

Fw -12.56 -9.42 -10.99 -9.94 -8.37 -9.94

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Roof Truss SAP Model
Gk and Qk are applied as point loads to all purlin joints
Dead load per node (purlin joint) = 1.01 x 5.13 = 5.2 kN/m2
Live Load per node (purlin joint) = 0.75 x 5.13 = 3.85 kN/m2

SAP model is drawn as below;

 Grid System is defined according to the dimensions extracted from Auto cad drawing
 Define sections for Top cord, Bottom Cord and Web Members
Top Cord – 100x100x10
Bottom Cord – 100x100x10
Web Members – 75x75x8
 Assigning sections and select pinned joints
 Placing pin joints for columns supports at two end
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Roof Truss SAP Model
Gk and Qk are applied as point loads to all purlin joints
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Roof Truss SAP Model
Axial Loads of Truss Members
Web Members

Max
Web Max
Compressi
Member Tension
on

1 78.6 208.3
2 6.2 19.6
3 25.3 8.3
4 12.2 40

5 38.5 12.2

Top Cord 6 18.2 60.2

7 51.5 18.4
Max Compression 474.32
8 27.7 80.3
Max Tension 180.95
9 64.6 24.6
Bottom Cord 10 37.3 100.3
11 77.6 30.8
Max Compression 178.86
12 23.4 63.0
Max Tension 480.34 13 53.4 21.8
14 92.0 231
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Truss Design
Axial force capacity of Cord members Axial force capacity of Web members

h = 100 mm h = 75 mm
b = 100 mm b = 75 mm
t = 10 mm t = 8 mm
e = √235/fy = 0.92442 section is e = √235/fy = 0.92442
section is class 3
15e = 13.87 class 3 15e = 13.87
h/t = 10.0 < 13.87 h/t = 10.0 < 13.87
11.5e = 10.63 11.5e = 10.63
(b+h)/2t = 10 < 10.63 (b+h)/2t = 10 < 10.63

Checks Results Checks Results

Tension resistance Npl,Rd = 528 kN Tension resistance Npl,Rd = 313.5 kN

Compression Resistance Nc,Rd = 528 kN Compression Resistance Nc,Rd = 313.5 kN

Buckling resistance In v-v Buckling resistance In v-v

Nb,Rd = 472 kN Nb,Rd = 201 kN
Direction Direction
Buckling resistance In b-b Buckling resistance In b-b
Nb,Rd = 505 kN Nb,Rd = 260 kN
Direction Direction
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Roof Drawings
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Roof Drawings
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Staircase Design
Width – 1.2 m
Height to the Landing – 2.1 m
Rise – 125 mm
Going – 300 mm
Length – 4500 mm
Width – 1.2 m; Slab thick. – 200 mm
Gk = 6 kN/m2; Qk = 4 kN/m2
ULS – 14.1 kN/m
h = 200 mm; Cover – 25 mm; R/f - T12

Udl = 14.1 x 4.5 = 63.5 kN/m

1st Interior Support –

M = 32 kNm – T12@150 mm

Mid Span = 26 kNm – T12@150 mm

Thank you