POSTHARVEST

MANAGEMENT OF MANGO:
STATUS AND REQUIREMENT

DR. AMANULLAH MALIK

Assistant Professor
Institute of Horticultural Sciences
University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, UAF.

 PAKISTAN MANGO PRODUCTION

Production (10,000 Tonnes) Area (1000 hectares)

140

120 Average yield is static (10.5ton./hac.) 115.83

110.67
100 92.07
85.62
79.02 91.87
80 81.60
66.90
58.03 73.28
57.21
60 52.69 64.92
41.36 51.09 55.84 56.49
40
31.06
20
1961-1965

1966-1970

1971-1975

1976-1980

1981-1985

1986-1990

1991-1995

1996-2000

2001-2005
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 WORLD MANGO EXPORT

ƒ Pakistan is at 4th position by export quantity

ƒ Shares about 9% of the world export
ƒ World average $643.65/tonne
ƒ Pakistan Price $290/tonnes

Quantity (tonnes) Value ($ million)

World 908.4 584.3
Pakistan 82.1 (9.04%) 23.8 (4.07%)

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 MANGO EXPORT ANALYSIS
Average Unit Price Ranking

# Country Av. Unit Price # Country Av. Unit Price

($/ton.) ($/ton.)
1 France 1676.88 11 Senegal 644.54
2 Belgium 1378.14 12 Yemen 598.05
3 Netherlands 1170.22 13 India 595.95
4 Côte d'Ivoire 1165.45 14 Brazil 578.37
5 Philippines 1032.89 15 Mexico 511.96
6 China 962.50 16 Israel 499.71
7 South Africa 830.33 17 Thailand 478.14
8 Haiti 829.51 18 Ecuador 441.57
9 Peru 720.89 19 Pakistan 289.78
10 Costa Rica 671.58 20 Guatemala 212.94

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 AVG. POSTHARVEST LOSSES IN MANGO

(Quantity: 000 tonnes; Value: $ million)

Post harvest losses
Production Value Quantity
Fruit (000 tonnes) ($ million) %age (000T) Value ($ million)
Citrus 1702.3 185 14.6 248.4 27
1034.6 218 25.2 261.0 55
Mango (1673.4) 421.0 121
Date 625.0 130 34.6 216.3 45
Guava 531.6 110 34.5 183.6 38
Banana 142.9 28 32.1 45.9 9
Apple 315.4 110 13.6 43.0 15
Others 1390 500 25.0 347.5 125
All Fruits 5741.8 1281 24.5 1407.4 314
(Ibrahim and Anwar, 2004)

A 10% wastage reduction: extra 170000 T @ $ 290= $49.0 M

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 STATUS OF
POSTHARVEST
MANAGEMENT

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 BASICS OF POSTHARVEST

.
1. Maintaining quality (cosmetic, organalaptic
characteristics, nutritional) and freshness
2. Shelf life extension
3. Reduction of losses along the supply chain between
harvest and consumption
4. Maintain food safety

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Mango- PAKISTAN

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 DESCRIPTION OF COMMERCIAL CULTIVARS
Cvs Shape Av. Beak Skin Skin TSS Acidity Fiber
Wt. (g) thick. Colour (°Brix) (%)
Malda Oblong- 265.0 Slight Medium Apple 17.0 0.26 Scanty
ish -Ovate mark Green
Dusehri Oblong 200.0 Very Thin Primrose 25.0 0.18 Absent
slight Yellow
Sindhri Oblongish 425.0 Point only Thin Pale yellow 17.0 0.21 Scanty

Langra Ovalish 260.0 Prominent Medium Greenish 25.0 0.19 Scanty

Oblong Yellow to much
Anwar Ovate 175 Prominent Medium Lemon 25.0 0.18 Much
Ratol Yellow
Chausa Long ovate 398.0 Slight Med. Canary 27.0 0.16 Scanty to
yellow much
Fajri Obliquely 415.0 Slight Medium Chrome 22.0 0.20 Scanty
Oval Yellow
Kala Ovatish 256.0 Less Medium Light 24.0 0.16 Abunda
Chausa oblong prominent orange nt
Sufaid Oblongish 385.0 Prominent Med Yellow 23.0 0.16 Much
Chausa

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 AVAILIBILITY OF MANGO IN MARKET

MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER

MALDA

DUSEHRI

SINDHRI

LANGRA

A. RATOL

CHAUSA

FAJRI

KALA
CHAUSA

SUFAID CHUASA
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 ORCHARD MARKETING SYSTEM

90% orchards are marketed by contractors.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Farmer can devote his Plant protection is usually
time to other activities affected.
of farm or choice.

2. Marketing specialist Farmer remained unaware of

market the fruits. individual plant needs.

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 HARVEST PROCEDURE

99% mango orchards are being harvested manually

with or without picking pole which causes tremendous
postharvest hazards:

• Physical Damage
• Bruising
• Sap burn injury.

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 POSTHARVEST HANDLING CHAIN

ON FARM
Harvesting at farm

(Manual, cart or trolley) (Mulberry stick baskets)

Stacking under Open Shed / Tree shade

Ripening stage
Grading Fruit size
Damaged fruits

Packing

Wooden boxes Corrugated boxes Stem Baskets

(90%) (5%) (5%)
(Continued…..)
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 POSTHARVEST HANDLING CHAIN
FARM TO MARKET
Farm
Exporter
Transportation to markets
(Open trucks, Reefers)
Open trucks, Carts, Buses, Trolleys
(Duration: 12-36 hrs)

Fruit and Vegetable Market

Middle man

Local retailer Exporter

(Continued…..)
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 POSTHARVEST HANDLING CHAIN
EXPORT
Direct from farm Fruits and Vegetable market Middle man

Exporter

Sorting

Processing

Packing

Shipment to overseas destination

Marine Container Air Cargo

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Harvest and Post-harvest handling
Harvest and Post-harvest handling
POSTHARVEST SUPPLY CHAIN ISSUES

1. Pre-mature harvesting (use of CaC2)

2. Improper harvest techniques
3. Improper handling and transportation techniques.
4. Grading
5. Poor packing
6. Packaging materials.
7. Improper transport condition (lack of refrigerated transport).
8. Time lag between harvest & processing (up to 30 h).
9. Complexity of process (marketing)
10. Lack of postharvest research / information/training

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 OTHER RELATED CHALLENGES

1. Sap burn
2. Soft nose
3. Bacterial black spot
4. Stem-end-rot
5. Anthracnose
6. Fruit fly (Quarantine concern)

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OTHER RELATED
CHALLENGES
OTHER RELATED
CHALLENGES
REQUIREMENTS

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 R&D

R&D
Requirement

Domestic Export

1. Not very sensitive

2. Needs
Marine Container Air Cargo
a. Awareness
b. Information
c. Training The first step is to have
some basic research
facilities (Respiration,
Ethylene, temperature,
humidity monitoring etc)

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 STRATEGY
ASLP
Mango Coordinator

Coordinator
Coordinator
Prod. & Disease management
Post-harvest and Supply Chain

Sindh Punjab
(Sindh) (Punjab)

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PROGRESS OF UAF

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POSTHARVEST HANDLING, PROCESSING AND STORAGE

1. Post harvest Handling, Processing

and Storage

i. Effect of hot water treatment and

storage duration on quality of
mango cv Sindhri and Chaunsa

ii. Effect of packaging on mango

fruit during transit

iii. Effect of hot water treatment on

early harvested mango cv. White
Chaunsa: A bench study

iv. Optimization of cold storage

temperature: A bench study

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Hot water Treatment Regimes

China Iran
POSTHARVEST HANDLING, PROCESSING AND STORAGE

2. Sap burn Management for Improving Mango Fruit Quality

i. Effect of harvest time
ii. Effect of de-stemming time on sap quantity
iii. Sap burn susceptibility of different mango cvs
iv. Effect of different chemicals on sap burn injury and fruit quality

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 Effect of different treatments on Sap burn
injuries

5 3.5
4.5 (Chaunsa) 24 hrs 3
(Sindhri)
4 48 hrs 24 hrs
3.5 72 hrs 2.5 48 hrs
Injury score

I n ju ry s c o re
3 2
72 hrs
2.5
2 1.5
1.5 1
1
0.5 0.5
0 0
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
Treatments Treatments
Cv Sindhri
Cv Chunsa
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