Assignment

For
Estimation and Quantity surveying
(CE 4735)

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

Sir Ningthoujam Jibanchand Irom Borish Singh
Assistant professor 6th sem civil
Manipur technical university. Reg. No. 1901CE0309
Q1. What is an estimate? What are its purposes?

Ans. An estimate is a calculation of the quantities of various items of work, and the expenses likely to be
incurred there on. The total of these probable expenses to be incurred on the work is known as estimated
cost of the work. The estimated cost of a work is a close approximation of its actual cost.

Purpose of Estimating:

To give a reasonably accurate idea of the cost An estimate is necessary to give the owner a reasonably
accurate idea of the cost to help him decide whether the work can be undertaken as proposed or needs
to be curtailed or abandoned, depending upon the availability of funds and prospective direct and indirect
benefits. For government works proper sanction has to be obtained for allocating the required amount.
Works are often let out on a lump sum basis, in which case the Estimator must be in a position to know
exactly how much expenditure he is going to incur on them

1. Estimating Materials

From the estimate of a work it is possible to determine what materials and in what quantities will be
required for the work so that the arrangements to procure them can be made.

2. Estimating Labour.

The number and kind of workers of different categories who will have to be employed to complete
the work in the specified time can be found out from the estimate.

3. Estimating Plant

An estimate will help in determining amount and kind of equipment needed to complete the work.

4. Estimating Time

Estimate of a work and the past experience enable one to estimate quite closely the length of time
required to complete an item of work or the work as a whole.

Whereas the importance of knowing the probable cost needs no emphasis, estimating materials, labour,
plant and time is immensely useful in planning and execution of any work.

Q2. Explain the different types of estimation?

Ans. The different types of estimation are:-

• Preliminary Estimate.

The object of this type of estimate is only to know the approximate amount of expenditure which is
needed to obtain administrative approval by the competent authority. Detail drawings etc. are not
required and it is prepared on the basis of plinth area, cubical contents and number of units, etc.

• Plinth Area Estimate.

This estimate is prepared on the basis of plinth area of the building multiplied by the plinth area rate.
 • Cubic Rate Estimate.

This estimate is prepared on the basis of cubical contents of the public halls, or cinema halls ; or library
buildings etc. multiplied by the cube rate. For such types of buildings this estimate is more accurate.

• Number of unit estimate.

This estimate is prepared on the unit basis, for the plan purposes, such as school, colleges, polytechnics,
hospitals etc. The expenditure is calculated by the multiplication of rate with unit.

• Approximate quantity method estimate.

This type of estimate is prepared to know the approximate quantity of different types of work in the
building. Generally this method is adopted. This will give only the idea of approximate cost of the building.
Such type of estimate may be needed for applying for loans or to workout the valuation of the property.
Only drawing is enough for this type of estimate.

• Detailed estimate.

This is an accurate estimate, in which the correct quantities of various type of items of work are calculated
with the help of detailed drawings, specifications and designs. The abstract of cost is also prepared. This
is required for obtaining the technical sanction, calling of tenders, calculating the quantities of different
types of materials and the labour needed.

• Revised estimate.

This type of estimate is prepared whenever there is increase in the sanctioned amount of expenditure by
more than 5 per cent and for which revised administrative sanction is required, due to some changes in
the original proposal. All items of works are again calculated in details ; and abstract of cost is prepared.
Item-wise, comparative statement is prepared and the difference in the amount is added algebraically
and the total amount is thus computed, for which revised sanction is obtained for the completion of
project, by giving reasons for such sanction.

• Supplementary estimate.

Supplementary estimate is prepared, whenever, during the progress of the project, any change is ordered
in the original proP0sal' for the betterment and development of the project. For such changes, an estimate
for the additional items of work is prepared and amount is worked out, for which the sanction is obtained,
or required.

• Annual repair and maintenance of estimate (AR. & MOO. estimate).

All the buildings, roads and other assets are maintained in proper condition for the users. Annual repair
work, such as white-washing, colour-washing, painting, etc, and daily repairs of building for sanitary,
water supply and other building works, are carried out, for which the estimates are prepared according
to the authorised expenditure on such building on yearly basis. The total expenditure is divided into
generally three types i.e. (a) Estimate for such items of works, which are t be done by contract, (b) Estimate
of material, which will be obtained through suppliers, and (c) The estimate of labour, (i.e. work charged
staff) which will be required for day to day maintenance work. For preparing this estimate "Property
Register" is maintained in the Engineering Department in which name of building, cost of the building, the
year Of completion and type of construction is given. With the help of this, the total amount of
expenditure which can be incurred is calculated and the different estimates are prepared accordingly.

• Special repair estimate.

In all the buildings the useful lie of woodwork, flooring and plastering etc. is not as much as of the other
works, therefore, special repair is carried out to maintain such items of work in proper condition, for which
special repair estimate is prepared.

• Addition and alteration estimate.

This is the type of estimate, which is prepared for making certain addition or alteration in the building, by
making partitions or creating some more doors, windows etc. in the walls. This is prepared as detailed
estimate for any new work.

Q3. What are the factors that need to be considered during preparation of a detailed estimate?

Ans. Factors to be considered during preparation of a detailed estimate

• Quantity of material

For a large construction a large quantity of materials is required and this can be purchased at a rate
cheaper than the rate of materials required for minor work. Therefore, rate of works should be framed
considering the volume of work.

• Availability of materials

Estimated cost of a particular item becomes higher than the scheduled rate if there is no assurance that
the materials will available as and when required it is detrimental to the progress of the work if the
workers and maintenance staff remain idle for paucity Of materials.

• Transportation of Materials

if smaller quantity of materials is required to be transported to a considerable distance, the proportionate

cost of transportation higher in comparison with the cost of a larger quantity transported at a time.

• Location of site

if the site of work is located at such a place where loading, unloading, stacking and restacking of materials
become necessary several times due to different kinds of journey, the point of damage or loss in transit
should be considered carefully.

• local labour charges

skill and daily wages of local labour should be considered before preparation of a detailed estimate.