Laboratory Report

Fracturing Fluid Quality Control Testing

Client: Expert Petroleum

Injection Wells: P14 and P15

Date: 30/08/2021

Revision 1

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Objective:
To find optimum method of dissolving crust and paraffin found in transport line for injection wells
P15 and P14 respectively.

Description:
Samples of crust in transport line and paraffin were delivered in our laboratory for the purpose
of finding the best method to eliminate the deposition and paraffin formation in transport lines.

Samples were prepared from each well as shown below.

a. Sample from P15 transport/conductor line

b. Paraffin from P14

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 WELL P15 ACIDIZING

For well P15 acidizing was proposed according to the below recipe. Tests were done in four
different ratios i.e., ratio of mass of crust to acid solution; R1 (40% of crust and 60% of acid
solution), R2 (30% of crust and 70% of acid solution), R3 (20% of crust and 80% of acid solution),
R4 (10% of crust and 90% of acid solution). pH of each remaining solution was measured after 24
hours of reaction with crust and results recorded.

The tests were done to determine the optimum volume to be pumped to eliminate the
deposition in the conductor line.

Chemical code Function Concentration Unit

Water Base fluid 591 l/m3
TRS-NH4Cl Clay control 50 Kg/m3
TRS-WNE 363 De-emulsifier 5 l/m3
TRS-WNE 352 Flow enhancer 1 l/m3
TRS-AS1 Solvent 70 l/m3
TRS-IC1 Iron Control 40 Kg/m3
TRS-IC2 Iron Sechestrater 50 l/m3
TRS-B6120 Corrosion Inhibitor 10 l/m3
33%TSR-HCL Acid 273 l/m3

These tests were done at room temperature and pressure and mass of each recipe was measured
after every two (2) hours upto six hours; therafter at twenty (20) and at twenty-four (24) hours.
After 24 hours the remaining mass was put in the dry oven set at 110°C for one hour for drying.
The remaining solution was filtered and dried. Pictures were taken at every step.

c. Samples prepared ready to be put in acid solution

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 d. Samples put in acid solution

e. After two (2) hours in acid solution.

f. After six (6) hours in acid solution.

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 WELL P14 DEWAXING

For the deposition recovered in Well P14, dewaxing by solvents was proposed. Three (3) solvent
solution in different ratios were prepared as below.

SOLUTION 1
Chemical code Function Concentration Unit
TRS-IDP Paraffin inhibitor 100 l/m3
TRS-AS1 Solvent 900 l/m3

SOLUTION 2
Chemical code Function Concentration Unit
TRS-AS1 Solvent 500 l/m3
TRS-AS3 Solvent 500 l/m3

SOLUTION 3
Chemical code Function Concentration Unit
TRS-IDP Paraffin inhibitor 100 l/m3
TRS-AS3 Solvent 900 l/m3

Four (4) recipes of different ratio of paraffin to each solution above; 1,2 and 3 were made: R1
(40% of paraffin and 60% of solution), R2 (30% of paraffin and 70% of solution), R3 (20% of
paraffin and 80% of solution), R4 (10% of paraffin and 90% of solution).

These tests were done at room temperature and pressure to find the optimum solution
combination and ratio to eliminate the paraffin sample sent by Expert petroleum.

The paraffin was left static for a period of four (4) hours in the solution; In all the recipes; residue
remained which was investigated further. Filtering with filter papers was tried but with no
success hence the use of a piece of cloth as a filter to determine the nature of the residue.

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g. Solution 1 added to paraffin <5 minutes

h. Solution 2 added to paraffin <5 minutes

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 i. Solution 3 added to paraffin <5 minutes

OBSERVATION AND RESULTS;

1. Acidizing
In acidizing tests, hydrogen sulphide gas was detected in the ranges of 25-65ppm. Care should
be taken during job operation. After 20 hours no mass of crust was observed in recipe 4. The
filtered and dried solution had fines and clays. Pictures were taken of the crust mass remaining
after 24 hours in the acid solution.

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It was observed slime-like substance in recipes 1 and 2 all along during reaction. The reaction was
initially fast and thereafter gradually reduced; this can be attributed to the slime-like substance
coating the crust mass thereby impeding acid reaction.

Below see the reaction results.

Recipe 1 Recipe 2 Recipe 3 Recipe 4

Time,Hrs
Mass %Dissolution Mass %Dissolution Mass %Dissolution Mass %Dissolution
0 40.43 0 30.482 0 20.425 0 10.48 0
2 32.31 20.10239161 21.93 28.05590184 13.971 31.59853121 5.483 47.68129771
4 29.24 27.69272624 17.896 41.2899416 11.061 45.84577723 2.997 71.40267176
6 27.58 31.79333713 15.708 48.4679483 9.25 54.7123623 1.924 81.64122137
20 26.16 35.30531991 14.474 52.51623909 7.786 61.88004896 0.107 98.97900763
24 24.22 40.09843445 13.366 56.15117118 6.898 66.22766218 0.008 99.92366412

pH 3.5-4.0 2.5-3.0 0.0-0.5 0

DISSOLUTION IN 10%HCL
120

100

80
% Dissolution

60

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time; Hrs
Recipe 1 Recipe 2 Recipe 3 Recipe 4

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 k. Mass of Crust after 24 hours. No R4 remained.

l. Fines and clays from the acid solutions of the recipes 1,2 3 and 4

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2. Dewaxing
The residue that remained from the dewaxing tests was noted to be fines, sand, clays, grass
and insects.

In all the recipes; paraffin was dissolved see pictures below.

j. Recipes 1,2,3 and 4 respectively in solution 1 (flow test and residue that remained) 4 hours

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k. Recipes 1,2,3 and 4 respectively in solution 2 (flow test and residue that remained) 4 hours

l. Recipes 1,2,3 and 4 respectively in solution 3 (flow test and residue that remained) 4 hours

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The residue was filtered and dried and pictures taken. From the pictures it is clear that no
paraffin remained only foreign materials i.e., clays, fines, grass and insects.

m. Residues from recipes 1,2,3 and 4 respectively in solution 1

n. Residues from recipes 1,2,3 and 4 respectively in solution 2

o. Residues from recipes 1,2,3 and 4 respectively in solution 3

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS;

In both tests the recipes chosen had varied success in eliminating deposition and paraffin
formation in the transport lines.

For acidizing: We recommend as per recipe 4 (10% crust to 90% acid solution) that the volume
of acid solution be as much as possible to eliminate the crust as quickly as possible. The acid
solution can be pumped interchangeably with treated water stages. The recovered acid in this
case can be repumped since the pH of the acid in this case remains fairly low. The release of
hydrogen sulphide will necessitate great care and prudence during the job.

For Dewaxing: We recommend as per solution 3 (TRS-IDP + TRS-AS3). All the solutions proposed
here were of great success (Paraffin was eliminated) only that the foreign materials (fines, clays,
insects, grass) looked cleanest in solution 3 hence its choice.

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