Laboratory Report

Fracturing Fluid Quality Control Testing

Client: Expert Petroleum

Well: 747 Ticleni

Date: 06/08/2021

Revision 2

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Objective:
Prepare fracturing fluid system that is stable enough to transport the propping agent into the
reservoir without breaking during pumping and thereafter undergoes complete breakage for
easier fluid flow-back to the surface for clean-up after the treatment. This fluid system has to be
compatible with reservoir rock formation and fluids.

A stability of 50 minutes sufficed as a baseline.

Description:
Tests were performed at temperature of 55C adjusting the additives loadings to optimize the
rheology and breaking. The stability should exceed the pump time and breaking must be
complete.

Recipe

Base gel

Freshwater (25°C)
Biocide (Bioclear)
Clay stabilizer (TRS-CS)
De-emulsionant (WNE 363)
Polymer (Polyflos H664)
Resin activator (TRS MS1)
X-linking agent (TRS-CL1)

Below is presented the stability test at 55C, done at shear rate 500s-1 for 2 minutes and shear rate 100s-1
for the rest of the test.

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Shear rate 500 s-1 and 100 s-1, Brookfield HPHT, R1/B5

Recipe 1
(m3) Tap water 28C 990 l
Biocide 0.01 l
Polyflos H664 3 kg
TRS CS1 2 l
WNE 363 2 l
TRS MS1 4 l
TRS CL1 1.6 l

300rpm Linear gel Viscosity 10 mins 17 cp

start XL 5 sec
Lip time 20 sec

R1_CL1_1.6l Shear rate Temperature

600 65

500 60
Viscosity,cP; Shear rate ^-1sec

400 55

temperature,C
300 50

200 45

100 40

0 35
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time,mins

Crosslinked gel Recipe 1

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 BREAKING TESTS
The concentration of breaker are in the recipes below, for the these tests Expert petroleum provided
water which was used.

-1 -1
Shear rate 500 s and 100 s , Brookfield HPHT, R1/B5

Recipe 1 Recipe 2 Recipe 3

(m3) Expert water 25C 987 l (m3) Expert water 25C 986 l (m3) Expert water 25C 988 l
Biocide 0.01 l Biocide 0.01 l Biocide 0.01 l
Polyflos H664 3 kg Polyflos H664 3 kg Polyflos H664 3 kg
TRS CS1 2l TRS CS1 2l TRS CS1 2l
WNE 363 2l WNE 363 2l WNE 363 2l
TRS MS1 4l TRS MS1 4l TRS MS1 4l
APS sol 5% 3l APS sol 5% 4l APS sol 5% 5l
TRS CL1 1.6 l TRS CL1 1.6 l TRS CL1 1.6 l

300rpm Linear gel Viscosity 10 mins 17 cp 300rpm Linear gel Viscosity 10 mins 17 cp 300rpm Linear gel Viscosity 10 mins 17 cp
start XL 5 sec start XL 5 sec start XL 5 sec
Lip time 20 sec Lip time 20 sec Lip time 20 sec

R1_APS 5%_3l R2_APS 5%_4l R3_APS 5%_5l Shear rate Temperature

600 65

500 60
Viscosity,cP; Shear rate ^-1sec

400 55

temperature,C
300 50

200 45

100 40

0 35
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Time,mins

Note: The above plot shows that the sample retained some viscosity; but, when removed from the testing
cell the sample was a completely broken. pH of the base fluid (linear gel) was 7 while the viscosity after
10 minutes 17 cP.

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 Complete broken gel after 10h at 55C

COMPATIBILITY TEST BETWEEN RESERVOIR FLUIDS AND BROKEN GEL

Reservoir fluid (oil and water mixed) from Well 747 Ticleni was received in Tacrom base on 21st
August 2021 see below. Water was separated from oil see picture below. Compatibility test was
done separately for reservoir water and reservoir oil with broken gel in proportions of 25%,50%
and 75%. Neither precipitation nor emulsion was observed in any of the compatibility tests.

a. Reservoir fluid from Ticleni 747

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 b. Reservoir Oil and water separated

c. Reservoir water mixed with broken gel in different ratios(1:1;1:3;3:1) at 0 minutes and
after 1hour respectively.

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d. Reservoir oil mixed with broken gel in different ratios(1:1;1:3;3:1) at 0 minutes.

e. Reservoir oil mixed with broken gel in different ratios(1:1;1:3;3:1) after 1 hour.

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 GEL SAND CARRYING CAPACITY

Crosslinked gel was prepared with the following recipe:

Tap water (25°C) 986 l/m3
Bioclear 0.01 l/m3
TRS-CS1 2.0 l/m3
WNE 363 2.0 l/m3
Polyfloss H664 3.0 kg/m3
TRS MS1 4 l/m3
TRS-CL1 1.6 l/m3
APS sol 5% 2 – 4 l/m3

To the linear gel PolarProp 16/30 - 700 kg/m3 were added and stirred thereafter breaker (APS
solution 5%) and cross-linker (TRS-CL1) were added in that order while stirring/mixing. Lip test
was done. The sand stayed in suspension, only when it was heated in the oven did it start settling
this could be attributed to the fact that the crosslinked gel was starting to break.

From the photographs herein below it can be seen that the gel has a good sand carrying capacity.

Mesh 16/30 PolarProp @ 700 kg/m3, APS sol 5% 3l/m3

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 POLAR PROP CONSOLIDATION CAPACITY

The base fluid was prepared with the following recipe, to see the consolidation of PolarProp 16/30;

Tap water (25°C) 983 l/m3

Biocide (Bioclear) 0.01 l/m3
Clay stabilizer (TRS-CS) 2.0 l/m3
De-emulsionant (WNE 363) 2.0 l/m3
Polymer (Polyflos H664) 3.0 Kg /m3
Crosslinker (TRS-CL1) 1.6 l/m3
Resin activator (TRS MS1) 4.0 l/m3
Breaker (APS solution 5%) 2.0 – 4.0 l/m3

PolarProp 16/30 Consolidation after 8 hours at 55C.