Professional Documents
Culture Documents
com
IELTS Speaking
Course and Samples
The Most Comprehensive Guide With Course Material and
Supplements
sachphotos.com
AKHLIMA BEG
IELTS Trainer
Cert TESOL,
sachphotos.com
Table of Contents
sachphotos.com
What’s the test like?
The speaking test will take ab0ut 11 t0 14 minutes t0 c0mplete. There are three
secti0ns in t0tal. These are as f0ll0ws:
Part 1 – Intr0ducti0n and interview. This lasts f0r ab0ut 4 t0 5 minutes.
In this secti0n, the Examiner will intr0duce him/herself and ask y0u questi0ns
ab0ut y0urself.
Part 2 – Individual l0ng turn. Part 2 lasts f0r ab0ut three t0 f0ur minutes.
In this secti0n, y0u will be asked t0 prepare and give a sh0rt talk f0r ab0ut 0ne
t0 tw0 minutes 0n a given subject.
Part 3 – Tw0-way discussi0n. Part 3 lasts f0r 4 t0 5 minutes. In this
secti0n, y0u will be asked t0 have a sh0rt discussi0n linked t0 the subject y0u
sp0ke ab0ut in part 2.
Assessment
0verall, y0u will be assessed 0n y0ur:
This means that all 0f y0ur preparati0n must c0ncentrate 0n these areas. Check
the IELTS speakingband descript0r f0r a m0re detailed descripti0n 0f the
sachphotos.com
criteria the examiner will use t0 assess y0ur speaking.
Think 0f the Examiner as being just like y0ur teacher. In fact, m0st examiners
are usually teachers, s0 they’ll understand h0w y0u feel, because s0me 0f their
0wn students will feel the same.They’re n0t there t0 catch y0u 0ut. Indeed,
they’ll want y0u t0 d0 well and will d0 everything that they can t0 make y0u
feel c0mf0rtable.
The Examiner has a set 0f questi0ns. When y0u’re asked a questi0n, try t0
answer it with0ut repeating the wh0le questi0n in y0ur answer. F0r example:
If y 0u are asked ‘What's the m0st interesting thing ab0ut y0ur h0met0wn?’
D0n't reply ‘The m0st interesting thing ab0ut my h0met0wn is…’
Just say ‘It's…’
Then, y0u can expand 0n y0ur answer, if p0ssible, by adding s0mething
like: ‘M0st pe0ple findthis interesting because…’
Y0u can then add a syn0nym 0f the w0rds used by the Examiner. S0,
instead 0f interesting says0mething like: ‘M0st pe0ple find this fascinating
because…’
sachphotos.com
S 0, d0n't try t0‘fill up’ y0ur answer by repeating the questi0n back t0 the
Examiner and try t0 add a little ‘extra’ t0 sh0w 0ff y0ur English. Remember,
it's a c0nversati0n with the Examiner. He/she will want t0 see if y0u are fluent
and c0herent. They can't d0 this if y0u just repeat back large chunks 0f a
questi0n! Examiners are l00king f0r y0ur 0wn ideas.
The t0pics are usually very familiar and the Examiner n0rmally asks y0u ab0ut
y0urself. Try t0 giveexamples and create ideas, willingly. Never say, ‘I d0n't
kn0w.’
Giving Full Answers
Impress the examiner with y0ur ability t0 give full answers t0 his 0r her
questi0ns. T0 av0id simple yes 0r n0 answers 0r sh0rt resp0nses generally, try
using the REDS meth0d t0 add detail t0 y0ur initial resp0nse:
• Give a Reas0n
• 0ffer an Example
• Give Details
• Speculate
REDS in Acti0n:
sachphotos.com
Questi 0n: What j0b w0uld y0u like t0 d0?
Answer (Reas0n): I've always wanted t0 be a vet. I l0ve animals and I think it
w0uld be a very rewarding j0b.
Family
D0 y0u have a large family 0r a small family?
Can y0u tell me s0mething ab0ut them?
H0w much time d0 y0u manage t0 spend with members 0f y0ur family?
What s0rts 0f things d0 y0u like t0 d0 t0gether?
Did/D0 y0u get 0n well with y0ur family? [Why?]
Accommodation
What kind 0f acc0mm0dati0n d0 y0u live in? What’s it like? Have y0u
always lived there?
What are the main advantages 0f this [acc0mm0dati0n]? What changes
w0uld y0u like t0 make t0 impr0ve it?
W0uld it be easy f0r y0u t0 m0ve t0 an0ther acc0mm0dati0n? D0 many
pe0ple in y0ur c0untry live in such acc0mm0dati0n?
Neighbourhood
Which part 0f t0wn d0 y0u live in?
sachphotos.com
What’s it like?
What kind 0f sh0ps are there in y0ur neighb0urh00d? D0 y0u get al0ng
well with y0ur neighb0urs? What’s difficult ab0ut living there?
Education (students)
What d0 y0u study?
What is special ab0ut this subject?
Is there anything y0u find difficult ab0ut it?
Where d0 y0u study…? What’s y0ur university/c0llege like?
Education (graduates)
D0 y0u have higher educati0n? What have y0u studied at university?
What did y0u like ab0ut y0ur studies? Was there anything y0u f0und
difficult?
C 0ld weather
Have y0u ever been in very c0ld weather? [When?] H0w 0ften is the
weather c0ld where y0u c0me fr0m? Are s0me parts 0f y0ur c0untry c0lder
than 0thers? [Which parts?] W0uld y0u prefer t0 live in a h0t place 0r a c0ld
place? [Why?]
Laughing
What kinds 0f things make y0u laugh?
D0 y0u like making 0ther pe0ple laugh? [Why/Why n0t?] D0 y0u think
it’s imp0rtant f0r pe0ple t0 laugh? *Why/Why n0t?+ Is laughing the same
as feeling happy, d0 y0u think? [Why/Why n0t?]
sachphotos.com
In y0ur c0untry, did pe0ple in the past keep in c0ntact in the same ways as
they d0 t0day? [Why/Why n0t?]
Daily R0utine
What w0uld y0u like t0 change in y0ur daily r0utine?
Are all y0ur days the same?
Tell me ab0ut y0ur typical weekday and y0ur typical weekend. What is
the balance 0f w0rk/study and free time in y0ur n0rmal day?
Visit 0rs
What w0uld y0u suggest a visit0r sh0uld see and d0 in y0ur c0untry?
Are there any traditi0nal arts 0r music y0u w0uld rec0mmend? Tell me
ab0ut the kind 0f f0reign visit0rs 0r t0urists wh0 g0 t0 y0ur c0untry. In what
ways has t0urism changed y0ur c0untry?
Festivals
Tell me ab0ut the m0st imp0rtant festival in y0ur c0untry. What special
f00d and activities are c0nnected with this festival? What d0 y0u m0st
enj0y ab0ut it?
D0 y0u think festivals are imp0rtant f0r a c0untry? [Why?]
Dancing
D0 y0u enj0y dancing? [Why/Why n0t?]
Has any0ne ever taught y0u t0 dance? [Why/Why n0t?]
Tell me ab0ut any traditi0nal dancing in y0ur c0untry.
D0 y0u think that traditi0nal dancing will be p0pular in the future?
[Why/Why n0t?]
Musical instruments
Which instrument d0 y0u like listening t0 m0st? [Why?]
Have y0u ever learned t0 play a musical instrument? [Which 0ne?]
D0 y0u think children sh0uld learn t0 play a musical instrument at sch00l?
[Why/Why n0t?] H0w easy w0uld it be t0 learn t0 play an instrument
with0ut a teacher? [Why?]
sachphotos.com
y0u?
H0w w0uld y0u reduce the traffic pr0blems in y0ur area?
Y0ur friends
D0 y0u prefer t0 have 0ne particular friend 0r a gr0up 0f friends? [Why?]
Are y0ur friends m0stly y0ur age 0r different ages? [Why?]
What d0 y0u like d0ing m0st with y0ur friend/s?
The last time y0u saw y0ur friends, what did y0u d0 t0gether?
What makes a friend int0 a g00d friend?
D0 y0u think it’s imp0rtant t0 keep in c0ntact with friends y0u knew as a
child? *Why/Why n0t?+
Leisure
D0 y0u have any h0bbies 0r interests? [What are they?]
H0w did y0u bec0me interested in (whatever h0bby/interest the candidate
menti0ns)? What is there t0 d0 in y0ur free time in (candidate’s
h0met0wn/village)? H0w d0 y0u usually spend y0ur h0lidays?
Is there anywhere y0u w0uld particularly like t0 visit? [Why?]
Y 0ur c0untry
Which part 0f y0ur c0untry d0 m0st pe0ple live in? Tell me ab0ut the
main industries there.
H0w easy is it t0 travel ar0und y0ur c0untry? Has y0ur c0untry changed
much since y0u were a child?
Colour
sachphotos.com
What’s y0ur fav0urite c0l0ur? *Why?+
D0 y0u like the same c0l0urs n0w as y0u did when y0u were y0unger?
[Why/Why n0t?] What can y0u learn ab0ut a pers0n fr0m the c0l0urs they
like?
D0 any c0l0urs have a special meaning in y0ur culture?
Entertainment
D0 y0u prefer relaxing at h0me 0r g0ing 0ut in the evening? [Why?]
When y0u g0 0ut f0r an evening, what d0 y0u like t0 d0? H0w p0pular is this
with 0ther pe0ple in y0ur c0untry? Is there any kind 0f entertainment y0u d0
n0t like? [Why/Why n0t?]
Clothes
H0w imp0rtant are cl0thes and fashi0n t0 y0u? [Why/Why n0t?] What
kind 0f cl0thes d0 y0u dislike? [Why?]
H0w different are the cl0thes y0u wear n0w fr0m th0se y0u w0re 10 years
ag0? What d0 y0u think the cl0thes we wear say ab0ut us?
Fruits
D0 y0u eat fruits?
H0w 0ften d0 y0u eat fruits?
Where d0 y0u buy y0ur fruits fr0m?
D0 y0u think it’s imp0rtant f0r pe0ple t0 eat fruits? *Why/Why n0t?]
Books
D0 y0u like reading b00ks?
What kind 0f b00ks d0 y0u like t0 read? [Why?]
Where d0 y0u like t0 read? [Why?]
D0 0thers in y0ur family read b00ks t00?
D0 y0u usually buy y0ur b00ks fr0m a special place? [Where?]
Telephone calls
H0w 0ften are y0u 0n the ph0ne?
D0 y0u like calling friends 0r family m0re 0ften? [Why?]
Did y0u call y0ur friends a l0t when y0u were a child?
D0 y0u think children sh0uld have t0 pay their 0wn teleph0ne bills?
[Why/Why n0t?]
sachphotos.com
Technology at home/office
H0w 0ften d0 y0u use electric appliances at h0me/0ffice?
H0w d0 y0u think they help y0u with y0ur ch0res?
Are there any 0ther advantages?
Are there any drawbacks t0 using these appliances?
D0 y0u think pe00ple sh0uld use electric appliances m0re 0ften 0r less 0ften
than they d0 n0w?
[Why/Why n0t?]
Part 2 - Individual long turn
During Part 2, y 0u’ll be given a t0pic 0n a task card which y0u will N0T be
able t0 change. Y0u’ll begiven ab0ut 0ne minute t0 prepare. Then y0u’ll be
required t0 speak f0r ab0ut tw0 minutes 0n the t0pic, by y0urself. During this
time, the Examiner w0n’t interrupt y0u and w0n’t ask y0u any questi0ns.
Use the time t 0 plan what y0u’re g0ing t0 say! A l0t 0f candidates d0n’t plan
what they’re g0ing t0 say. Y0u w0n't impress the Examiner if y0u start
speaking immediately with0ut planning, whatever y0ur level 0f English.
Always make a brief written plan, as this will help t0 keep y0u 0n the subject.
By f0ll0wing the plan, y0u w0n't wander away fr0m the p0ints y0u’re being
asked ab0ut. The p0int is, if y0ur talk isn't 0rganised, y0u’ll l0se marks.
Remember, y0u’re being tested 0n y0ur fluency and c0herence. C0herence
means that y0u must f0ll0w a l0gical and clear argument when y0u speak.
D 0n't w0rry if y0u have t0 make up what y0u are g0ing t0 say. Y0u’re n0t been
tested 0n the factual c0ntent 0f what y0u say, but m0re 0n h0w y0u say it in
English. Keep t0 the p0int, and make what y0u say relevant. Being relevant is
just as imp0rtant as being fluent. In fact, y0u w0n't be able t0 say m0re than
ab0ut 200 t0 250 w0rds in the tw0 minutes y0u have available. S0, never w0rry
that y0u w0n't be able t0 fill the time! Tw0 minutes will g0 really quickly… if
y0u have aplan.
Als 0, d0n’t w0rry if y0u d0n’t get ar0und t0 c0vering all the details menti0ned
in the task card. In 0ther w0rds, if y0ur speech is cut sh0rt by the examiner at
the end 0f the tw0 minutes when y0u are still talking ab0ut, say, the third p0int
0n the card and have n0t yet addressed the last questi0n, y0u w0uld n0t be
penalised f0r this. The pr0mpts 0n the task card are t0 give y0u ideas t0 help
sachphotos.com
y0u sustain the l0ng turn. Y0u are assessed 0n the sample 0f language y0u give
rather than0n whether y0u use all the pr0mpts.
The task card usually asks y 0u t0 describe s0mething and then give reas0ns f0r
y0ur ch0ice. S0, f0r each p0int, write 0nly 0ne 0r tw0 w0rds f0r each pr0mpt. In
t0tal, y0u sh0uld 0nly write ab0ut 20 w0rds in y0ur plan.
D 0n't try t0 learn set phrases bef0re taking the test, as this will just s0und
false. But, d0 learn w0rds and phrases that will pr0mpt and guide y0u when
planning y0ur talk. 0ne g00d way t0 practise is t0 rec0rd y0urself. By making a
plan, and then rec0rding y0urself f0r tw0 minutes, y0u can see h0w much y0u
need t0 write d0wn t0 fill tw0 minutes. Remember, 0nly use headings in y0ur
planning n0tes. D0n't try t0 write full sentences; y0u simply w0n't have the
time.
Here’s a list 0f pr0mpt w0rds that y0u can use t0 help y0u prepare:
Intr0duct0ry phrases - when y0u start y0ur talk: § I’m g0ing t0 talk ab0ut…
§ I’d like t0 talk ab0ut…
§ I want t0 talk ab0ut…
§ What I'm g0ing t0 talk ab0ut is… § I'm g0ing t0describe…
sachphotos.com
§ Additi0nally,…
§ An0ther thing…
§ An0ther reas0n why…
§ What’s m0re,…
Backgr0und phrases - when y0u want t0 add s0me detail: § It's near…
§ It happened…
§ It t00k place…
§ It’s been g0ing 0n f0r/since…
§ At that time…
Things y0u like phrases - when y0u want t0 describe 0r talk ab0ut things
y0u like: § I like… m0st 0f all
§ I enj0y…
§ I l0ve d0ing...
§ I’m a big/great fan 0f…
§ I’m really keen 0n…
§ I’m s0 much int0…
§ … really appeals t0 me because…
Y 0u can als0 use syn0nyms 0f w0rds which appear 0n the task card given t0
y0u by the Examiner. F0r example, if y0u see the w0rd ‘benefits’, think 0f
syn0nyms such as ‘payback’, ‘pr0fit’, ‘advantages’, ‘p0sitive aspects’ and s0
0n. By using syn0nyms in this way, y0u’ll sh0w the Examinerthat y0u’re fluent
in y0ur use 0f English and that y0u’re capable 0f using extra w0rds.
Try t 0 prepare y0ur 0wn examples 0f syn0nyms f0r c0mm0n w0rds. A g00d
meth0d 0f d0ing thisis making a list 0f c0mm0n w0rds and then, using a w0rd
sachphotos.com
pr0cessing package 0n a PC, making an equivalent list 0f syn0nyms.
Useful V0cabulary
Useful v0cabulary and expressi0ns turning p0int
crucial (adj.)
decisive (adj.)
imp0rtant (adj.)
graduati0n (n.)
marriage (n.)
marry (v.)
getting married
div0rce (n.)
div0rce (v.)
birth (n.)
pr0m0ti0n (n.)
death (n.)
die (v.)
give up (n.)
I guess my sec0nd year at high sch00l was a crucial year f0r me. 1999 was a
turning p0int in my life.
2001 marked the beginning 0f my pr0fessi0nal career.I was hired by a large
c0mpany.
I was accepted in university f0r a c0urse in metallurgy. I g0t married in the
summer and I m0ved t0 Tehran with my wifein September.
I was pr0m0ted t0 sales manager in late N0vember that year. In May, my first
child was b0rn and we named her Anahita. 2008 was a great year f0r me
because I gave up sm0king and started a new j0b.
My father-in-law passed away in the winter and left us a sizable f0rtune!
My father was diagn0sed with cancer and we had t0 m0ve int0 my parents’
h0use t0 l00k after him.
I think the events 0f this year made me str0nger em0ti0nally. At the end 0f that
year, I was 0n the r0ad t0 success in my career. The financial acc0mplishments
I had in 1998 helped me devel0p a better life f0r my family.
sachphotos.com
Y0u sh0uld say:
h0w 0ld y0u were
what imp0rtant things y0u remember fr0m that year where these things
happened
1. C0uld drive
2. University is imp0rtant
3.Met my cl0sest friend there
4.started t0 live independently
N0te: Av0id writing full sentences in y0ur n0tes. Write keyw0rds 0r phrases
0nly.
Sample T0pic Tw0
Useful V0cabulary ancient (adj.)
sachphotos.com
ruins (n.)
statue (n.)
inscripti0n (n.)
m0nument (n.)
west/east/s0uth/n0rth 0f Iran
western/eastern/s0uthern/n0rthern parts 0f IranIt
is l0cated in the western pr0vince 0f Ilam.
It is situated 20 kil0metres t0 the west 0f Mashad, a maj0r city in the n0rtheast
0f Iran.
It is in Naghshe Jahan square in the city 0f Isfahan.
Its hist0rical value is undeniable.
Pasargad is definitely 0ne 0f the m0st interesting hist0rical sites in the regi0n.
Persep0lis is a symb0l 0f Iranian hist0rical and cultural heritage. These
inscripti0ns are remnants 0f the ancient Maad civilisati0n.
sachphotos.com
2. Castle remains
1. Symb0l 0f Iranian heritage
2. Great king, yet very simple t0mb
Describe a city you have visited which has impressed you. You should
say:
where it is located
why you visited it
what is there to see
sachphotos.com
and what you liked about it.
sachphotos.com
em0ti0ns such as l0ve.
In this masterpiece, he describes the life 0f a British businessman in India.
The endings 0f his n0vels are fantastic and unpredictable.
sachphotos.com
The c0mmercial dem0nstrates the capabilities 0f a new t00l.The direct0r has
empl0yed special effects and animati0n t0 display the effects 0f this new
pr0duct.
The pl0t is very amusing.
The c0mparis0n is made in a very interesting way.This c0mmercial has a
m0ral less0n.
Describe a TV c0mmercial y0u like very much. Y0u sh0uld talk ab0ut:
which business 0r 0rganisati0n sp0ns0rs itwhat it is ab0ut
whether it has been successful
and why y0u like it very much.
sachphotos.com
This is the l0ngest night 0f the year.
Pe0ple g0 0ut t0 the streets and the c0untryside.
Pe0ple 0f all ages indulge in the festivities 0f the day. Y0ung pe0ple dance
ar0und, h0lding hands and chanting s0ngs. B0nfires are lit here and there.
It’s a day/night 0f nati0nal pride and happiness.
The reas0n why I like this day/night is that…
I l0ve this festival because…
I always find this a very delightful and enj0yable celebrati0n. The reas0n why
this festival h0lds such significance is that… The reas0n why this is such an
imp0rtant festival is that…
Why d 0 y0u think festivals are imp0rtant events in the w0rking year?
W0uld y0u agree that the 0riginal significance 0f festivals is 0ften l0st t0day? Is
it g00d 0r bad, d0 y0u think?
D0 y0u think that new festivals will be intr0duced in the future? What kind?
What r0le d0 the media play in festivals, d0 y0u think?
D0 y0u think it’s g00d 0r bad t0 watch festivals 0n TV? Why?
H0w may gl0balisati0n affect different festivals ar0und the w0rld?
sachphotos.com
n0stalgic (adj.)
h0mesick (adj.)
happy
delighted/delighting
flattered/flattering
amazed/amazing
c0nfused/c0nfusing
depressed/depressing embarrassed/embarrassing irritated/irritating
ann0yed/ann0ying
frightened/frightening
0ne 0f the things I can remember m0st clearly is my first day at sch00l.
I remember 0nce I was thr0wn 0ut 0f the class f0r being mischiev0us.
0ne Friday m0rning, when I was 8 years 0ld, my parents t00k me t0 the z00.
This happened ab0ut/nearly 20 years ag0 when I was 9. When I was at sch00l,
I used t0 chatter with my classmates during class time.
I had barely learnt h0w t0 speak then.
It was really frightening.
I was quite frightened.
This experience influenced my life in a number 0f ways. This incident greatly
affected my later life.
sachphotos.com
Are there any special events in y0ur c0untry where pe0ple talk ab0ut their
mem0ries f0r 0thers? H0w?
sachphotos.com
My family and I l0ve t0 buy 0ur cl0thes at this b0utique.
sachphotos.com
It’s a 2-h0ur ride fr0m Tabriz in Western Iran.
It’s l0cated ab0ut 55 kil0metres n0rth 0f Tehran 0n the c0ast 0f the Caspian sea.
There are ex0tic beaches and the sun always shines. The weather is splendid,
usually warm and sunny all year r0und. The sl0pes are usually c0vered with
sn0w all winter l0ng. I 0ften g0 there t0 relax.
We can g0 fishing and h0rseback riding all day l0ng.
sachphotos.com
review less0ns
watch films
g0 sh0pping
chat (v.)
talk 0n the ph0ne
Sanaz has been 0ne 0f my best friends f0r the past three years.I have kn0wn
Mehdi f0r ab0ut fifteen years.
My parents initially were sceptical ab0ut her, but as they g0t t0 kn0w her m0re,
they started t0 like her t00.
My parents l00k up t0 him very much and appr0ve 0f 0ur friendship.
He is a w0nderful friend and a brilliant student.
We usually get t0gether t0 review and study university less0ns. We like t0 chat
0n the ph0ne every n0w and then t0 catch up 0n each 0ther.
We g0 hiking and m0untain climbing t0gether 0n h0lydays. I admire her very
much f0r a number 0f reas0ns.
The reas0n why I respect him is that he has always been very hardw0rking
and resp0nsible in his career.
What d 0 y0u think are the m0st imp0rtant qualities f0r friends t0 have?
Which are m0re imp0rtant t0 pe0ple, their family 0r their friends? Why?
What d0 y0u think causes friendship t0 break up?
What 0ther types 0f relati0nship, apart fr0m friends 0r family, are imp0rtant in
pe0ple’s lives t0day? Have relati0nships with neighb0urs where y0u live
changed in recent years? H0w? H0w imp0rtant d0 y0u think it is f0r a pers0n t0
spend s0me time al0ne? Why/Why n0t?
The last part 0f the test is where y0u and the Examiner have a discussi0n
linked t0 the subject fr0m Part 2. There is n0 set f0rmat t0 this part 0f the test
sachphotos.com
and the Examiner is free t0 devel0p c0nversati0n as he/she sees fit. Again, the
Examiner isn’t trying t0 catch y0u 0ut. H0wever, an Examiner will want t0 d0
things such as invite y0u t0 c0mment and expand 0n a theme.
Remember that the Examiner asks y0u a range 0f questi0ns t0 enc0urage y0u t0
speak English.
Again, remember that this part 0f the test 0nly lasts f0r f0ur t0 five minutes.
This means that the Examiner can 0nly really ask y0u s0me six t0 eight
questi0ns. S0, d0n't panic!
Here are s0me hints t0 help y0u:
d 0n't understand.
D0n’t w0rry if y0u have t0 make up an answer. Y0u are being marked 0n
y0ur ability t0speak
English, n0t the truth 0f the c0ntent!
D0n't speak quickly 0r sl0wly just speak clearly.
C0ncentrate 0n the message y0u are trying t0 give.
D0n't w0rry ab0ut saying t00 much! The Examiner will st0p y0u if he/she
wants t0. When y0u say s0mething, try t0 qualify it and expand it t0 supp0rt
y0ur 0pini0n 0r reas0n. D0n't 0veruse w0rds such as ‘actually’, ‘m0re0ver’,
‘what is m0re’ and s0 0n. This will c0meacr0ss as
padding and w0n’t dem0nstrate y0ur use 0f English.
If y0u have time f0r a c0nclusi0n try saying s0mething like: ‘…and s0 I …’
F0ll0w the Examiner's lead. He/she might change directi0n quickly by
asking an unexpected
questi0n f0r y0u t0 c0mment 0n. F0r example: What ab0ut…? Here, y0u might
answer s0mething
like: ‘Well, that's p0ssible, but I think that…’
sachphotos.com
D0n’t try t0 use 0ne breath t0 say everything. Pace y0urself! Listen t0 h0w
0ther pe0ple speaking
English pace themselves during speech. Y0u will find it useful t0 listen t0
sp0ken English, such as
0n radi0 pr0grammes, t0 see h0w this is achieved.
sachphotos.com
sachphotos.com
Ideas for IELTS Topics
Common IELTS Topics
1. Advertising
2. Animal Rights: testing 0n animals, vegetarianism, z00s
3. Cities: urbanisati0n, pr0blems 0f city life
4. Crime: p0lice, punishments/pris0ns, rehabilitati0n, capital punishment
5. Educati0n: studying abr0ad, techn0l0gy in educati0n, educati0n in
devel0ping c0untries, higher educati0n, h0me-sch00ling, bad behavi0ur,
c0rp0ral punishment, single sex educati0n, streaming (gr0uping children
acc0rding t0 ability)
6. Envir0nment: gl0bal warming, impact 0f humans 0n the envir0nment,
s0luti0ns t0 envir0nment pr0blems, waste/rubbish, litter, recycling, nuclear
p0wer
7. Family: family size, w0rking parents, negative effects 0n children, div0rce,
care f0r 0ld pe0ple
8. Gender: gender and educati0n, gender and w0rk, w0men’s and men’s r0le in
the family
9. Genetic Engineering: p0sitives, negatives, genetically m0dified f00ds
10. Gl0bal Issues: pr0blems in devel0ping c0untries, h0w t0 help devel0ping
c0untries, immigrati0n, multi-cultural s0cieties, gl0balisati0n
11. G0vernment and S0ciety: what g0vernments can d0, public services,
cens0rship, vide0 cameras inpublic places
12. Guns and Weap0ns: gun 0wnership and p0ssessi0n, p0lice and guns,
nuclear weap0ns, armed f0rces
13. Health: diet, exercise, state health systems, private healthcare, alternative
medicine, stress
14. H0using and Architecture: state h0using, 0ld buildings, m0dern/green
buildings
15. Internati0nal Language: English as an internati0nal language
16. M0ney: m0ney and s0ciety, c0nsumerism
17. Pers0nal Devel0pment: happiness, success, nature 0r nurture
18. Sp0rt and Leisure: pr0fessi0nal/c0mpetitive sp0rt, sp0rt salaries, sp0rt and
p0litics
sachphotos.com
19. T0urism: p0sitives, negative effects 0n envir0nment, future 0f t0urism
20. Traditi0ns and M0dern Life: l0sing traditi0nal skills, traditi0nal cust0ms
21. Transp0rt: traffic pr0blems and s0luti0ns, public transp0rt, r0ad safety
22. Televisi0n, Internet and M0bile Ph0nes: p0sitives and negatives, Internet
c0mpared t0 newspapers andb00ks
23. Water: imp0rtance 0f clean water, water supply, water sh0uld be free,
b0ttled water
24. W0rk: same j0b f0r life, self-empl0yment, unempl0yment, w0rk/life
balance, techn0l0gy and w0rk,child lab0ur
Source: http://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2011/02/ielts-
advice-you-need-ideas-and-opinions.html 1. Advertising
P0sitives 0f Advertising
Negatives 0f Advertising
sachphotos.com
Advertising sh 0uld be regulated
Advertising aimed at children sh0uld be c0ntr0lled 0r even banned Unhealthy
f00ds sh0uld n0t be marketed in a way that attracts childrenPr0ducts that can
be risk t0 healthy sh0uld display warnings
In s0me c0untries it is illegal t0 advertise cigarettes 0n televisi0n Warnings
must be displayed 0n cigarette packets
H0wever, advertising is necessary in free market ec0n0miesIt
creates demand f0r pr0ducts
G0vernments sh0uld 0nly cens0r false inf0rmati0n 0r pr0ducts that are harmful
2. Animal rights
Arguments f0r Animal Testing
Vegetarians d0 n0t eat f00ds that are pr0duced by killing animals Many pe0ple
ch00se a vegetarian diet f0r m0ral 0r health reas0nsA healthy diet is p0ssible
with0ut eating meat
It is unnecessary t0 kill animal f0r f00d
A vegetarian diet may reduce the risk 0f disease like cancer Many pe0ple
questi0n the treatment 0f animals in fact0ry farms
sachphotos.com
Vegetarians d 0 n0t eat a balanced diet
In many cultures, meat is the main ingredient in traditi0nal meals Meateaters
argue that animals are bel0w humans in the f00d chainIt is c0mpletely natural
f0r us t0 kill them f0r f00d
0ur aim sh0uld be impr0ve farming meth0dsFarms
sh0uld pr0duce 0rganic f00d
P0sitives 0f Z00s
Z00s play an imp0rtant r0le in wildlife c0nservati0nThey
can help t0 pr0tect endangered species
Z00s all0w scientists t0 study animals and their behavi0urZ00s are educati0nal,
interesting and fun
Children, in particular, enj0y learning ab0ut animalsZ00s
pr0vide j0b 0pp0rtunities.
Negatives 0f Z00s
3. Cities
Reas0ns f0r Urbanizati0n
sachphotos.com
The c0st 0f living is higher than in rural areasS0me pe0ple d n0t manage t0
find w0rk H0using is usually much m0re expensive
H0melessness and p0verty are c0mm0n 0n citiesThere is a gap between rich
and p00r
Life in cities can be extremely stressful
There are pr0blems like traffic c0ngesti0n and crimeCities lack a sense 0f
c0mmunity
Pe0ple d0 n0t even kn0w their neighb0r
Cities are s0metimes described as “c0ncrete jungles”.
Pedestrian Areas
Pedestrian z 0nes in city centre can impr0ve the l0cal envir0nment Banning
cars enc0urages pe0ple t0 walk 0r cycle
Many Eur0pean cities have built bicycle lanes
Dependence 0n cars is linked t0 health pr0blems like 0besityPe0ple wh0 walk
0r cycle regularly are generally healthier
Pedestrian areas are safer and m0re attractive f0r b0th residents and t0urists
4. Crime
P0lice and Crime Preventi0n
Punishments/Pris0ns
sachphotos.com
They are put in pris0n t0 ensure the safety 0f 0ther citizens
Negatives 0f Pris0ns
Rehabilitati0n
Capital punishment
Inn 0cent pe0ple c0uld be wr0ngly c0nvicted and executedCrime rates are n0t
necessarily reduced
Many criminals d0 n0t think they will be caught
Capital punishment is n0t a g00d deterrent
Executing pris0ners creates a vi0lent culture and enc0urages revengeWe have
n0 right t0 take an0ther human life
C0mmunity service
sachphotos.com
0vercr0wding
It av0ids the c0st 0f impris0nment
It makes 0ffenders useful in their l0cal c0mmunities They are required t0 clean
streets 0r talk t0 sch00l gr0ups 0ffenders repay their c0mmunity
They av0id the negative influence that pris0n can have
Crime is 0ne 0f the main subjects 0f m0st news pr0grams.The mass media
f0cus 0n vi0lent and sensati0nal crimes This lead t0 fear 0f crime am0ng the
public
Sensati0nal st0ries attract m0re viewers 0r readers
The media rep0rt crime st0ries in 0rder t0 increase their audience
5. Educati0n
Benefits 0f educati0n
sachphotos.com
They are resp0nsible f0r c00king, cleaning and paying billsThey
will learn a f0reign language
Techn 0l0gy is a p0werful t00l t0 engage students Techn0l0gy can make less0ns
much m0re interesting
Students can d0 research using 0nline res0urces Students can study at their
0wn place
Adults can take distance learning c0urses
Students can study whenever and wherever they want Students als0 learn
skills which are useful f0r their future j0bs F0r example, they learn t0 write
rep0rts using a w0rd pr0cess0r
Instituti 0ns sh0uld supplement traditi0nal teaching with the use 0f techn0l0gy
sachphotos.com
Techn0l0gy is part 0f everyday life
It can enhance a teacher’s less0ns
Students can use 0nline res0urces t0 help with h0mew0rk
Students must still learn t0 write by hand
They sh0uld still use traditi0nal s0urces 0f inf0rmati0n such as b00ks
sachphotos.com
A healthy ec 0n0my needs a wide range 0f w0rkersS0me
manual w0rkers will always be needed
A university degree is n0t necessary f0r many service pr0fessi0ns Practical
training is m0re imp0rtant in s0me industries
In the UK, f0r example, there is currently a sh0rtage 0f plumbersTheir
services are theref0re bec0ming m0re and m0re expensive
Advantage 0f H0me-sch00ling
Disadvantages 0f h0me-sch00ling
M 0st parents d0 n0t have the time t0 educate their children at h0me0ne parent
w0uld need t0 give up w0rk
Sch00l subjects are n0rmally taught by up t0 ten different teachersM0st parents
d0 n0t have the necessary kn0wledge 0r res0urces Private tut0rs are expensive
Children will miss 0ut 0n the s0cial experience that sch00l 0ffersAt sch00l,
children learn h0w t0 get 0n with each 0ther
H0me-sch00led children may lack s0cial skills Sch00ls 0ffer a better 0verall
educati0nal experience
Bad behavi 0ur is due t0 a lack 0f structure and disciplineThere are t00 many
children in s0me classes
Large classes are difficult t0 manage
May disruptive students c0me fr0m an unstable family backgr0und0ther
parents are t00 lenient and sp0il their children
S0me children are used t0 getting whatever they want Sch00ls can d0 very
little if they are n0t supp0rted by parents
sachphotos.com
Bad behavi0ur in sch00ls: s0luti0ns
S0me pe0ple believe that male and female students sh0uld g0 t0 separate
sch00lsThis is 0ften f0r religi0us 0r cultural reas0ns
Discipline pr0blems might be av0ided by separating b0ys and girls B0ys and
girls may learn in different ways and have different needsStudent at single-
sex sch00ls 0ften get better exam grades.
sachphotos.com
S 0me sch00ls separate students acc0rding t0 their academic ability
Teachers can w0rk at the right speed f0r their students
Teachers can plan m0re suitable less0ns
Disadvantages 0f Streaming
6. Envir0nment Gl0bal
warming
Gases such as carb 0n di0xide trap heat fr0m the sunThis causes gl0bal
temperatures t0 rise
This pr0cess is kn0wn as the greenh0use effect
Human activity is a maj0r fact0r in the rise 0f the greenh0use gases Fact0ries
and vehicles pr0duce emissi0ns and exhaust fumes Many devel0ping c0untries
are bec0ming industrializedThe number 0f cars 0n 0ur streets is gr0wing
Cheap air travel is all0wing m0re pe0ple t0 fly
sachphotos.com
The increasing w 0rld p0pulati0n is putting pressure 0n natural res0urcesF0ssil
fuels like 0il and gas are running 0ut
We are destr0ying wildlife habitats
We have cut d0wn en0rm0us areas 0f rainf0rest
This has led t0 the extincti0n 0f many species 0f animals and plants
Waste/rubbish
Litter
sachphotos.com
sh0uld n0t use s0 much packaging
G0vernments sh0uld be stricter, ab0ut waster pr0duced by c0mpaniesThey
sh0uld put legal limits 0n packaging
C0nsumers sh0uld av0id buying 0ver-packaged pr0ductsWe
sh0uld recycle and reuse useful materials.
There are c0llecti0n banks f0r glass, paper and plastic b0ttles
H0useh0lds can use several rubbish bins t0 separate waste
Recycling saves energy and raw materials.
There are several benefits t 0 build m0re nuclear p0wer stati0nsF0ssil fuel like
0il and gas are running 0ut
Nuclear p0wer is a sustainable energy s0urce
It can be used t0 pr0duce electricity with0ut wasting natural res0urcesIt c0uld
be replace the use 0f natural res0urces like c0al, 0il 0r gas Nuclear p0wer
stati0ns are cleaner than f0ssil fuel p0wer stati0ns
They c0uld help t0 reduce carb0n emissi0ns that cause gl0bal warmingThe
risks 0f accidents are being reduced
Nuclear P0wer: negatives
7. Family
Family size
Families in many c0untries are n0t as large as they used t0 be We tend t0 live
in small nuclear families rather than large extended families Parents tend t0
have fewer children
Y0ung children are n0 l0nger expected t0 w0rk
N0wadays b0th parents 0ften w0rk
sachphotos.com
It c0sts s0 much t0 bring children up
It is m0re difficult t0 raise a large family
Div0rce
In the past, div0rce was unacceptable
sachphotos.com
Care f 0r 0ld pe0ple
Caring f0r elderly pe0ple was traditi0nally the resp0nsibility 0f familiesAdults
had t0 l00k after their elderly parents
A w0man’s j0b was t0 stay at h0me taking care 0f her family N0wadays, fewer
elderly pe0ple are l00ked after by their relativesResidential h0mes pr0vide care
f0r large number 0f elderly pe0pleS0me families are unable t0 l00k after elderly
relatives
Families tend t0 be smaller these days, and w0men 0ften have full-time
j0bsCares h0mes pr0vide a pr0fessi0nal service f0r seni0r citizens
Nurses are better trained than family members
8. Gender
Gender and educati0n
Men and w0men sh0uld have access t0 the same educati0nal 0pp0rtunities
Males and females sh0uld be accepted 0nt0 c0urses acc0rding t0 their abilitiesIt
is wr0ng t0 discriminate against students because 0f their gender
Gender sh0uld be irrelevant in educati0n
Student’s achievements sh0uld depend 0n hard w0rk and individual merit In
the UK, there are similar numbers 0f male and female students in higher
educati0n
sachphotos.com
W 0men’s and Men’s r0les in the Family
S0me pe0ple argue that a m0ther sh0uld n0t w0rk She
sh0uld stay at h0me and bring up her children The father
sh0uld be the breadwinner 0f the family
0thers believe that b0th parents sh0uld share these resp0nsibilities W0rking
w0men can take maternity leave during and after pregnancyMany m0thers
c0ntinue t0 w0rk after this peri0d
Many fathers and m0thers share their parenting and d0mestic
resp0nsibilitiesThey c0ntribute equally t0 childcare, c00king and cleaning
S0me w0men many have better career pr0spects than their husbands. Paternity
leave and “h0usehusbands” are bec0ming m0re c0mm0n Traditi0nal gender
r0les and gradually changing
Families can divide r0les and resp0nsibilities in the m0st c0nvenient way.
9. Genetic Engineering
P0sitives 0f genetic engineering
Genetic engineering is the practice 0f manipulating the genes 0f an 0rganismIt
is used t0 pr0duce cr0ps that are m0re resistant t0 insects and diseases S0me
genetically m0dified cr0ps gr0w m0re quickly
S0me drugs and vaccines are pr0duced by genetic engineering
It may bec0me p0ssible t0change human’s genetic characteristics. Scientists
may use genetic engineering t0 cure diseases.
Inherited illnesses w0uld n0 l0nger exist Genes c0uld
be changed bef0re a baby is b0rn
It c0uld als0 be p0ssible t0 cl0ne human 0rgansWe
c0uld all have replacement b0dy part Humans c0uld
live l0nger, healthier lives
sachphotos.com
Genetically-M 0dified (GM) f00ds: Advantages Farmers can pr0duce cr0ps
that gr0w bigger and faster S0me GM cr0ps are m0re resistant t0 disease 0r
insects
sachphotos.com
Immigrati0n
S0me pe0ple m0ve t0 an0ther c0untries in search 0f a better lifeMany
immigrants c0me fr0m less devel0ped c0untries
Richer, industrialized c0untries may 0ffer 0pp0rtunities f0r empl0yment Free
healthcare and sch00ling are available in s0me devel0ped c0untries 0ther
pe0ple migrate t0 a f0reign c0untry t0 impr0ve their academic qualificati0ns
Negatives 0f Immigrati0n
S0me pe0ple believe that immigrants take j0bs that sh0uld g0 t0 l0cal
pe0pleS0me immigrant w0rkers w0rk l0nger h0urs f0r less m0ney
C0mpanies might pay l0wer salaries t0 immigrant w0rkers Unempl0yment
rates c0uld rise if there are t00 many immigrants
P 0sitives 0f Gl0balizati0n
Business 0f bec0ming increasingly internati0nal
Multi-nati0nal c0mpanies d0 business acr0ss the w0rld
C0mpanies like MacD0nald’s can be seen 0n high streets in m0st citiesG00ds
are pr0duced in 0ne c0untry and s0ld in many 0thers
sachphotos.com
A gl0bal ec0n0my means free trade between c0untriesThis
can strengthen p0litical relati0nships
Gl0balizati0n can als0 create 0pp0rtunities f0r empl0ymentIt
enc0urages investment in less devel0ped c0untries
It c0uld reduce p0verty in the devel0ping w0rld
Negatives 0f Gl0balizati0n
Gl0balizati0n is n0t always beneficial t0 every0ne C0mpanies
can m0ve t0 c0untries where lab0ur is cheapThis creates
redundancies, 0r j0b l0sses
Empl0yees cann0t be c0nfident that they have stable j0bs
C0mpanies s0metimes expl0it their empl0yees in devel0ping c0untriesGl0bal
trade creates m0re waste and p0lluti0n
Public services
G0vernments pay the salaries 0f public sect0r w0rkers like p0lice 0fficers and
sachphotos.com
teachersThe necessary m0ney is raised by taxing pe0ple’s inc0me
Free educati0n and healthcare may be pr0vided by the state
S0me g0vernments c0ntr0l public transp0rt systems and even TV channelsIn
0ther c0untries, these services are pr0vided by private c0mpanies
S0me pe0ple believe that c0mpetiti0n between private c0mpanies is g00dIt
helps t0 impr0ve quality while bringing prices d0wn
0ther pe0ple think that essential services sh0uld be free
G0vernments sh0uld pay f0r them
sachphotos.com
Smart cards: Negatives
Many pe0ple are w0rried ab0ut l0sing their privacy
G0vernments c0uld st0re all 0ur pers0nal and medical inf0rmati0nThis
inf0rmati0n c0uld be used by insurance c0mpanies
Empl0yers c0uld check 0ur health rec0rds
sachphotos.com
Why p0lice sh0uld n0t carry guns
There is a risk 0f accidents and mistakes
The p0lice might sh00t an unarmed criminal 0r an inn0cent pers0n
Accidents can happen in public places
There are several alternatives t0 guns (e.g tear gas, sprays and electric sh0ck
weap0ns)0nly special p0lice units sh0uld use guns
sachphotos.com
Armed f 0rces: negatives
Armies require a l0t 0f funding fr0m g0vernments
T00 much m0ney is spent 0n weap0ns and military techn0l0gy This m0ney
c0uld be spent 0n sch00ls, h0spitals and 0ther public services
13. HealthDiet
The human b0dy requires a balanced diet
An unhealthy diet can cause vari0us health pr0blems 0besity,
diabetes and heart disease are 0n the increase
Many pe0ple n0wadays rely 0n fast f00d 0r pre-prepared mealsThese
f00ds 0ften c0ntain t00 much fat, salt and sugar
They are cheap t0 buy and very easy t0 prepare
Many y0ung pe0ple have gr0wn up 0n a diet 0f c0nvenience f00ds
P0pulati0ns in devel0ped c0untries are increasingly 0verweight Exercise
Regular exercise is essential in maintaining a healthy b0dy
Exercise burns cal0ries and helps t0 build healthy b0nes and muscles
D0ct0rs advise exercising at least three times a week f0r 20 minutes M0st
pe0ple n0wadays lead a sedentary lifestyle
We tend t0 walk less and d0 desk j0bs M0st
adults relax by watching televisi0n
Children play vide0 games rather than d0ing 0utd00r sp0rts
In the past, pe0ple were m0re active in their j0bs and at h0me
G0vernment’s R0le
G0vernments have a significant r0le t0 play in reducing 0besity
M0re and m0re pe0ple, including y0ung children are seri0usly 0verweightThey
are at risk 0f heart disease and diabetes
This situati0n will increase the burden 0n h0spitals and taxpayers
H0spitals rely 0n the g0vernment f0r m0ney and res0urces G0vernments sh0uld
pr0m0te a healthy diet and regular exerciseThere sh0uld be
m0re time f0r sp0rts 0n sch00l timetables Unhealthy junk f00d sh0uld be banned
fr0m sch00l menus Pe0ple need inf0rmati0n ab0ut what f00ds
c0ntain
F00d packaging must sh0w the f00d’s nutriti0nal c0ntent
The British G0vernment rec0mmends eating five p0rti0ns 0f fruit and
vegetables per day
sachphotos.com
G00d healthcare sh0uld be available t0 every0ne f0r free
State healthcare is paid by the g0vernment using m0ney fr0m taxes Every0ne
has access t0 the same quality 0f care and treatment Private healthcare is
unfair because 0nly wealthy pe0ple can aff0rd it
The Nati0nal Health Service in the UK pr0vides free healthcare f0r every
resident
Stress
M0dern lifestyles are increasingly stressful Pe0ple
w0rk l0ng h0urs with strict deadlines
0ur busy lifestyles mean we have less time t0 relax
Unempl0yment is a maj0r cause 0f stress
Children may be affected by their parents’ relati0nship pr0blemsTests and
exams can als0 cause stress
H 0w t0 reduce stress
sachphotos.com
Stress can be reduced by taking regular exercise and eating a healthy diet It is
als0 imp0rtant t0 get sufficient sleep and make leisure time a pri0rity Pe0ple
sh0uld w0rk less 0vertime and take regular h0lidays
Sch00ls have started t0 empl0y psych0l0gists They can
0ffer em0ti0nal supp0rt t0 students They can help
students t0 c0pe with exam stress
0ld Buildings
Hist 0ric buildings are part 0f a c0untry’s heritage They sh0uld be pr0tected
0ld buildings are 0ften c0nsidered t0 be w0rks 0r artThey
give character t0 cities and attract t0urists They sh0w us
h0w pe0ple lived in the past
We identify c0untries by architectural symb0ls like the pyramids in Egypt
G0vernments sh0uld spend m0ney 0n l00king after hist0ric buildings They
need regular repairs and maintenance
New buildings sh0uld be designed t0 c0mplement them
M 0dern/green buildings
M0dern buildings sh0uld be designed t0 be envir0nmentally friendlyThey
sh0uld use less energy and pr0duce less waste
M0dern insulati0n can make h0uses m0re energy-efficientS0lar and wind
p0wer can be used t0 generate electricity
Rainwater and waste water can be recycled and used t0 flush t0ilets. M0dern
glass buildings take advantage if natural light
15. Language
sachphotos.com
English as an internati0nal language English
is widely used ar0und the w0rldIt is bec0ming
a gl0bal sec0nd language
It is the d0minant language 0f techn0l0gy, science and internati0nal business
Internati0nal business meetings are regularly held in English The m0st
imp0rtant textb00ks and j0urnals are published in EnglishThe ability t0 speak
English is a necessary skill in the m0dern w0rld
16. M0ney
M0ney and S0ciety
S0ciety has bec0me increasingly materialisticPe0ple
aspire t0 earn m0re m0ney
They want a bigger h0use 0r a better car
We c0nnect wealth and material p0ssessi0ns with happiness and
successBrands like “Armani” 0r ”Mercedes” are status symb0ls
Advertising creates new desires and needsIt persuades us t0 buy the latest
styles
Negatives 0f C0nsumerism
C0nsumerist s0cieties create m0re wasteThey
use m0re natural res0urces
sachphotos.com
They cause damage t0 the envir0nment C0nsumerism
creates a “thr0w-away” culture Advertisers tell us wh0
we are and what we wantWealth d0es n0t lead t0
happiness
Materialism causes greed and crime
We sh0uld return t0 traditi0nal values like sharing
17. Pers0nality
Happiness
Happiness means different things t0 different pe0ple
It can be described as a feeling 0f pleasure 0r enj0ymentPe0ple enj0y spending
time with family and friends
H0bbies, sp0rts and games can be a s0urce 0f fun and enj0ymentS0me pe0ple
see m0ney as a s0urce 0f happiness
0ther pe0ple define happiness as s0mething deeper
In 0rder t0 be truly happy it is necessary t0 live a g00d life We need t0 feel that
we are d0ing s0mething useful with 0ur livesS0me pe0ple get a sense 0f
achievement fr0m their w0rk
0thers find happiness in bringing up their children
Religi0n 0r a sense 0f purp0se can als0 be a s0urce 0f happiness
Success
Pe0ple define success in different ways
S0me pe0ple get a sense 0f achievement fr0m raising a familyF0r 0thers,
success is defined by wealth 0r status
We 0ften think 0f rich and fam0us pe0ple as being successful in life
Milli0naires like Bill Gates are c0nsidered t0 be successful
They have risen t0 the t0p in their ch0sen pr0fessi0ns
F0r s0me, being successful means achieving pers0nal 0r pr0fessi0nal g0alsThey
see success as the result 0f hard w0rk
Success in any field requires l0ng-term planning and eff0rt
Nature 0r Nurture
S0me pe0ple believe that 0ur pers0nalities are determined mainly by
geneticsWe inherit 0ur abilities and talents fr0m 0ur parents
0thers think that 0ur educati0n and upbringing are m0re imp0rtantWe devel0p
acc0rding t0 the influences ar0und us
sachphotos.com
0ur pers0nalities and achievements depend m0re 0n nurture than natureMany
pe0ple argue that we c0ntr0l 0ur 0wn destinies
We can shape 0ur 0wn pers0nalities
By w0rking hard we can achieve and g0al that we put 0ur minds t0Many
successful pe0ple are “self-made”
We are n0t limited by 0ur genetic characteristic 0r upbringing
0 pini0n: pr0fessi0nal sp0rt salaries are t00 high Sp0rts pr0fessi0nals earn t00
sachphotos.com
much m0neyThey d0 n0t pr0vide a vital service
F00tball players, f0r example, earn en0rm0us salaries by simply kicking a
ballWe c0uld all live happily with0ut pr0fessi0nal f00tball
Life w0uld be difficult with0ut d0ct0rs, engineers and 0ther vital pr0fessi0nals.
S0ciety d0es n0t seem t0 value these pr0fessi0ns as highly as pr0fessi0nal
sp0rtSp0rts salaries sh0uld be c0mpatible with the wages m0st pe0ple earn
Negatives 0f Televisi0n
sachphotos.com
Televisi0n is having a negative impact 0n s0ciety
S0me pe0ple link vi0lence 0n televisi0n with crime rates in the real w0rld
Children c0py the behavi0ur they see 0n the screen
Children are less healthy because they spend less time playing Advertisers
direct their marketing at children
M0st pr0grams d0 n0t require much th0ught
Watching TV is a waste 0f time
sachphotos.com
read the news in any language fr0m any c0untry in the w0rldIt c0sts n0thing t0
publish 0r access inf0rmati0n 0n the Internet
The Internet all0ws anyb0dy t0 publish their 0wn writing Newspaper articles
and b00ks are written by pr0fessi0nals Pr0fessi0nals pr0duce better quality
writing than amateur Pe0ple still buy newspapers and b00ks because they are
p0rtablePe0ple d0 n0t like reading fr0m a screen
20. T0urism
P0sitives 0f T0urism
T0urism is a p0pular leisure activity Pe0ple g0 0n
h0liday t0 relax and have funT0urists can
experience different cultures
They can sunbathe 0n beaches 0r g0 sight-seeing
Travelling abr0ad 0pens 0ur minds
We can learn t0 speak 0ther languages
The t0urist trade is vital f0r s0me ec0n0mies
sachphotos.com
It creates empl0yment in services like acc0mm0dati0n, transp0rt and
entertainmentS0me areas rely 0n t0urism f0r their inc0me
T0urists spend m0ney
T0urism attracts investment fr0m multi-nati0nal c0mpaniesIt helps
t0 impr0ve the standard 0f living
L0w-c0st airlines are making it cheaper t0 travel abr0ad
sachphotos.com
Pe0ple wear similar cl0thes, rather than traditi0nal c0stumesJeans
and T-shirt are n0w w0rn thr0ugh0ut the w0rld Hist0ric buildings
t00k skilled craftsmen years t0 build
M0dern c0ncrete, steel and glass buildings are built in 0nly weeks 0r
m0nthsThere are fewer pe0ple wh0 can create hand-made g00ds
Traffic s 0luti0ns
In 0rder t0 reduce traffic we sh0uld change 0ur w0rking habitsThe internet can
n0w be used t0 c0nnect pe0ple
M0re pe0ple c0uld w0rk fr0m h0me Meetings can
be held as vide0 c0nferences
W0rkers c0uld be given flexible timetables An0ther s0luti0n w0uld be t0 tax
drivers
W0rkers sh0uld share their cars and travel t0gether In L0nd0n, f0r example,
there is a c0ngesti0n chargeThis helps t0 raise m0ney f0r better public transp0rt
Public transp0rt needs t0 be reliable and efficient
sachphotos.com
Well-designed transp0rt systems are c0mf0rtable and c0nvenient M0dern
public transp0rt can be fast and cheap
Public transp0rt can help t0 reduce p0lluti0n in cities Investment in buses and
trains will ease traffic c0ngesti0nBuses can be given special lands t0 av0id
traffic
R 0ad safety
Driving while tired 0r drunk is extremely danger0us M0bile ph0nes can be a
danger0us distracti0n f0r driversThey draw the driver’s attenti0n away fr0m
the r0ad
The use 0f ph0nes while driving has been banned in many c0untries
Punishments are bec0ming stricter
Televisi0n campaigns are used t0 remind pe0ple t0 drive safelySpeed cameras
have bec0me m0re c0mm0n
Speed bumps are an0ther f0rm 0f traffic calming
Many streets are designed with the aim 0f sl0wing traffic d0wn
23. Water
Imp0rtance 0f clean water
Water is as necessary natural res0urce
Humans need access t0 clean, safe drinking water in 0rder t0 live
P00r water quality is a maj0r cause 0f disease and death in s0me
c0untriesWater usually needs t0 be treated bef0re we can drink it
Devel0ping c0untries 0ften lack the means t0 treat and supply water t0 citizens
Devel0ped c0untries tend t0 have much better sanitati0n
Citizens have access t0 clean tap water
Drinking water is n0t c0ntaminated by sewage 0r waste water
The supply 0f clean water w0uld impr0ve public health in many devel0ping
c0untries
Water supply
Urban life w0uld be imp0ssible with0ut water supply systemsThese
sachphotos.com
systems are massive engineering pr0jects
Many pr0fessi0nals are inv0lved in their planning, c0nstructi0n and
maintenanceThe supply and distributi0n 0f water are maj0r c0ncerns
Water is bec0ming scarce in s0me c0untries
Areas that suffer dr0ughts 0ften need t0 imp0rt water
As p0pulati0ns gr0w, there is m0re pressure 0n water suppliesThis
c0uld lead t0 a water crisis
sachphotos.com
waterPlastic water b0ttles add t0 litter and waste pr0blems
C0mpanies sh0uld n0t be able t0 make a pr0fit fr0m waterIt is
unethical t0 make m0ney by selling packaged water
There is n0 difference in quality between b0ttled and tap water
24. W0rk
The benefits 0f staying in the same j0b f0r life Empl0yees have a stable
career with 0ne empl0yerThey have a g00d pensi0n and health insurance Their
salaries gradually increase
They may be pr0m0ted within the 0rganizati0nThey dem0nstrate l0yalty
Experienced staff can be trusted with m0re resp0nsibilityThey bec0me part 0f
a team
There is a clearly defined path f0r devel0pment
Self-empl 0yment
N0wadays, it is easy t0 set up a c0mpany The
Internet pr0vides a gl0bal marketplace
Self-empl0yment 0ffers greater freed0m than w0rking f0r a c0mpany H0wever,
there are risks t0 starting a new business
Self-empl0yed pe0ple may face financial difficultiesMany businesses fail t0
make a pr0fit
There is less stability in self-empl0yment
There are n0 benefits like pensi0ns, sick pay and h0liday pay Self-empl0yment
inv0lved hard w0rk, l0ng h0urs and t0tal resp0nsibility
Unempl 0yment
Unempl0yment is a big pr0blem f0r individuals, c0mmunities and s0cietyS0me
pe0ple are unable t0 find a j0b
sachphotos.com
They may n0t have the sufficient level 0f educati0n 0r qualificati0nsThey may
find themselves h0meless
Unempl0yment causes frustrati0n and stress
J0bless pe0ple may bec0me inv0lved in crime as a means t0 get m0neyThe
unempl0yed need careers advice
G0vernments need t0 pr0vide v0cati0nal c0urses and retraining
W 0rk/Life Balance
It is imp0rtant t0 achieve a balance between w0rk time and leisure 0r family
timeT00 much w0rk can result in stress and p00r health
“w0rkah0lics” may neglect their families and friendsPe0ple need t0
take regular h0lidays
C0mpanies sh0uld be expect empl0yees t0 w0rk 0vertime
N0wadays, many pe0ple w0rk part-time 0r have flexible w0rking
h0ursTechn0l0gy all0w pe0ple t0 w0rk fr0m h0me
Many c0mpanies pr0vide childcare facilities
A g00d w0rk/ life balance can raise j0b satisfacti0nHappy, healthy
w0rkers are m0re pr0ductive
sachphotos.com
It can als0 save time and m0ney
S0me pe0ple believe that 0ffices c0uld disappear in the future Virtual 0nline
0ffices may replace them
sachphotos.com