1.

Individual differences in rraltion to a generalized belief about how one is

affected by internal versus external events or reinforcements is known as:
a. internal control.
b. external control.
c. locus of control.
d. moral intensity.
e. morality beliefs.
2. Which of the following is NOT a component of immediate job context that may
relate to opportunity for misconduct in the workplace?
a. Bribes
b. Pay raises
c. Demotions
d. Reprimands
e. Bonuses
3. Elena, an employee at ABC Marketing, has observed misconduct at work and
wonders if she should report it. In the end she decides not to do so because of the
possible repercussions at work. Which of the following has determined the Elena's
action?
a. Organization factors
b. Individual factors
c. Opportunity
d. Control issues
e. Corporate culture
4. Which statement best describes ethical issue intensity?
a. The perceived value of an ethical issue to the society.
b. The perceived importance of an ethical issue to the government.
c. A set of values, beliefs, goals, norms, and ways to solve problems that members of an
organization share.
d. The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the individual, work
group, and/or organization.
e. The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the local community.
5. Which of the following statements best describes an opportunity?
a. A reflection of whether the firm has an ethical conscience.
b. How easy it is to pilfer office supplies from one's workplace.
c. Organizational factors.
d. The conditions in an organization that limit or permit ethical or unethical behavior.
e. A Corporate culture.
6. Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" individuals are
subjected to when confronted with an ethical choice?
a. Family
b. Friends
c. Legal system
d. Competitors
e. Workplace
7. Ethical ______ is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an
ethical dimension.
a. personality
b. awareness
c. intensity
d. education
e. morality
8. According to researchers, normative values largely originate from all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. family.
b. friends.
c. religion.
d. government.
e. the media.
9. A corporate culture can be defined as
a. a set of values, beliefs, goals, norms, and ways to solve problems that employees of
an organization share.
b. a set of rules that some employees agree to obey.
c. the interpersonal relationships in the organization.
d. the working environment in the executive suite.
e. the perceived importance of an ethical issue to the government.
10. Which of the following is NOT a factor in the ethical decision-making model?
a. Ethical issue intensity
b. Employee benefits packages
c. Individual factors
d. Organizational factors
e. Opportunity
11. What is the first sign that you may have made an unethical decision?
a. Changing how you define success
b. Feeling like you need to rationalize what you just did
c. Quitting your job
d. Changing your behaviors to adjust to any regret over the decision
e. Guilt or uneasiness
12. The relevance or importance of an ethical issue in the eyes of the individual, work
group, and/or organization is known as:
a. obedience to authority.
b. opportunity.
c. ethical issue intensity.
d. moral intensity.
e. locus of control.
13. _____ involves the conditions for encouraging or limiting ethical behavior in an
organization through rewards for ethical behavior or failing to prohibit unethical
behavior.
a. Punishment
b. Opportunity
c. Governance
d. Regulation
e. Locus of control
14. The opportunities that employees have for unethical behavior in an organization
can be nearly eliminated through formal codes, policies, and rules that are adequately
enforced by management.
a. True
b. False
15. Applying a personal moral philosophy is the first step in the ethical decision-
making process.
a. True
b. False
16. Which of the following would make up the professional ethics of the profession of
radiologic sciences?
1. State licensing board for x-ray machine operators
2. X-ray department social events
3. ARRT Code of Ethics
4. State motor vehicle rules and regulations
5. Collective bargaining rules of behavior
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 3 and 5 only
c. 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
d. 1 and 5 only
17. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) reserves the right to
revoke any certification from an individual whom it has registered. Reasons for
revocation can vary from ethical violations to failure to maintain continuing education
credits, just to mention two. This process of sanctioning demonstrates professional
_____ to society.
a. morals
b. self-regulation
c. ethics
d. collective bargaining
18. Failure to pay one's federal income taxes would be an example of a(n):
a. ethical violation.
b. moral violation.
c. professional conduct violation.
d. violation of federal law.
19. You are enjoying an evening with a friend at the theater. The person seated
behind you routinely texts messages to his girlfriend about the movie and what is
happening. This behavior would be a:
a. violation of local laws and ordinances.
b. professional ethical violation.
c. violation of socially accepted values.
d. moral violation.
20. When you were a student radiographer the importance of radiation protection
was constantly stressed and you have incorporated the principle of ALARA as a
professional value. As an employee working within a busy imaging department, you
work with some technologists who do not practice radiation protection as you have
been taught. One technologist in particular routinely overexposes patients in order to
get a "perfect image for the radiologist." This poor technologist practice would be an
example of:
a. an ethical violation.
b. a hospital rule violation.
c. poor morals.
d. a violation of personal values.
21. Which of the following would be considered an unethical practice for a radiologic
technologist?
a. Repeating a radiograph because of incorrect technique selection
b. Watching an interesting case
c. Criticizing a doctor or team member in a private or public forum
d. Reporting unethical practices of a co-worker
22. You are the director of a busy medical imaging department. One of your
technologists has been accused of looking up the personal medical records and x-ray
reports of his brother's girlfriend. The girlfriend visited the hospital as a patient for an
ultrasound examination of the pelvis to rule out pregnancy. Disciplinary action for this
technologist would be appropriate because of a violation of:
a. local statutes and ordinances.
b. state laws.
c. federal constitutional laws.
d. professional ethics.
23. Being rude and impolite to a patient's family members because they are asking
how long an examination will take is an example of a(n):
a. ethics violation.
b. violation of the institution's Standards of Care.
c. professional etiquette violation.
d. ethical dilemma
24. A technologist who has completed a procedure on a patient leaves the area
grumbling, "I hate to do AIDS patients because I am afraid of catching the disease." A
member of the housekeeping staff hears the technologist and asks who the AIDS
patient is so he can pass the information along to his co-workers for safety reasons.
The technologist responds by giving the patient's name and room number. This act
constitutes a(n):
a. ethical dilemma.
b. ethics violation.
c. moral violation.
d. virtue.
25. All professional decisions in radiologic technology and other health care practices
involve a consideration of:
a. human values.
b. local laws.
c. union contract restrictions.
d. religious doctrine
26. Using moral rules as your complete guide to determining appropriate professional
behavior:
a. is a reliable strategy to avoid ethical dilemmas.
b. assumes everyone has the same moral values as you do, which is generally true.
c. is too restrictive and of no value in decision making.
d. has its weaknesses, as others may not have the same moral value system as you.
27. Which of the following choices could be classified as an ethical outrage?
a. Repeating a radiograph because the patient moved during the exposure
b. A technologist refusing to complete a procedure because his shift is over
c. Unintentionally neglecting to tell the radiologist that a patient has allergies
d. A technologist consistently forgetting to wear his or her personnel monitoring device
28. When undertaking an ethical analysis:
a. identification of human values pertinent to the analysis must be considered.
b. your professional society membership card should be presented.
c. your ARRT certification needs to be included in the analysis.
d. seniority with your employer should be considered.
29. The best way to characterize an ethical dilemma is to describe it as the:
a. correct choice is absolutely identified.
b. incorrect choice is absolutely identified.
c. correct choice is not entirely clear and has both positive and negative consequences.
d. moral thing to do based on your religious values.
30. All of the following are related EXCEPT:
a. selecting the best solution and defending it.
b. looking for a similar situation as a precedent.
c. defining the real problem.
d. working out alternative solutions.
31. A patient arrives for a mammogram and registers with reception. Then she goes to
the dressing room as instructed and puts on the gown that was given to her. As you
bring her into the mammography room, she answers a few routine questions and
listens intently as you explain the procedure to her. It is safe to assume as the
mammographer that:
a. a social contract has been established between the patient and the mammographer.
b. you can proceed with the examination.
c. the patient can expect a mammographic study that is MQSA compliant.
d. all of the above are correct
32. You are placed in an unfortunate situation with a patient that requires you to tell a
small "white lie" regarding the late arrival of the radiologist. The patient is noticeably
upset about the procedure having to be done at all and is quite anxious. You are
aware that the radiologist and the patient's surgeon are meeting in his office to
discuss the best approach to deal with this patient's cancer. You feel certain that
telling the patient the truth as to why the radiologist is late would increase her
anxiety. This technologist is practicing:
a. unethical and immoral radiography.
b. consequentialism.
c. nonconsequentialism.
d. in a negligent manner.
33. Which of the following best defines fidelity?
a. Meeting the basic needs of the patient
b. Being a competent professional
c. Abiding by the ASRT Code of Ethics
d. All of the above
34. The term veracity refers to:
a. preventing evil and harm.
b. doing no harm but also doing good.
c. telling the truth.
d. protecting the patient from radiation.
35. After a stressful CT scan on a patient, you are confronted by the patient's family
regarding the results of the examination. The patient was in a motor-vehicle accident
and has a severe head injury. The images you took are being sent to a "Nighthawk"
reading service and will not be available for several minutes. The family insists they
have a "right" to know the results immediately so they can make a decision about
organ donation. How would you rationalize this situation to yourself as an imaging
professional?
a. Your duty as a professional is to complete the CT examination quickly and with high
quality, not to interpret the images, and to do no harm to the patient.
b. You tell the family what you saw on the images as an act of beneficence.
c. You tell the ER nurse about the images as an act of nonmaleficence.
d. You call the organ donor program director to tell him of the patient's condition as an
act of veracity.