What

you will learn

Chapter

5 Australian
curriculum
Algebra

5A Introduction to algebra NUMBER AND ALGEBRA

5B Substituting and evaluating Patterns and algebra
5C Equivalent expressions Introduce the concept of variables as a way of representing
5D Like terms numbers using letters (ACMNA175)
5E Multiplying and dividing Create algebraic expressions and evaluate them by substituting a
expressions given value for each variable (ACMNA176)
5F Expanding brackets Extend and apply the laws and properties of arithmetic to
(Extending) algebraic terms and expressions (ACMNA177)
5G Algebraic modelling
(Extending)

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 Online
resources
• Chapter pre-test
• Videos of all worked
examples
• Interactive widgets
• Interactive walkthroughs
• Downloadable HOTsheets
• Access to HOTmaths
Australian Curriculum
courses

Designing robots
Algebra provides a way to describe everyday programmed robots can perform tasks cheaply,
activities using mathematics alone. By allowing accurately and consistently, without ever getting
letters like x or y to stand for unknown numbers, tired or sick or injured, or the need for sleep
different concepts and relationships can be or food! Robots can have multiple arms, reach
described easily. much farther than a human arm and can safely
Engineers apply their knowledge of algebra lift heavy, awkward objects.
and geometry to design buildings, roads, bridges, Robots are used extensively in car
robots, cars, satellites, planes, ships and manufacturing. At one plant that uses robots
hundreds of other structures and devices that we and humans, a finished car comes off the
take for granted in our world today. assembly line every 76 seconds.
To design a robot, engineers use algebraic Understanding and applying mathematics
rules to express the relationship between the has made car manufacturing safer and also
position of the robot’s ‘elbow’ and the possible extremely efficient.
positions of a robot’s ‘hand’. Although they
cannot think for themselves, electronically

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XFSF SFNPWFE KVTU GSPN UIF MFGUIBOE TJEF 5SZ UP TIPX
XIFUIFS UIFZ XPVME CF MFWFM

• 6TF TDBMFT UP JMMVTUSBUF XIZ Y     BOE Y   BSF

FRVJWBMFOU FRVBUJPOT

,FZ 5XP FRVBUJPOT BSF FRVJWBMFOU JG ZPV DBO HFU GSPN POF UP UIF PUIFS CZ SFQFBUFEMZ
JEFBT • BEEJOH B OVNCFS UP CPUI TJEFT
• TVCUSBDUJOH B OVNCFS GSPN CPUI TJEFT
• NVMUJQMZJOH CPUI TJEFT CZ B OVNCFS PUIFS UIBO [FSP
• EJWJEJOH CPUI TJEFT CZ B OVNCFS PUIFS UIBO [FSP
• TXBQQJOH UIF MFGUIBOE TJEF XJUI UIF SJHIUIBOE TJEF PG UIF FRVBUJPO

&YBNQMF  "QQMZJOH BO PQFSBUJPO

'PS FBDI FRVBUJPO àOE UIF SFTVMU PG BQQMZJOH UIF HJWFO PQFSBUJPO UP CPUI TJEFT BOE UIFO TJNQMJGZ
B   Y   < > C Y   < ¤ >
D   C < œ > E R m    < >

40 - 6 5 * 0 / &9 1 - " / " 5 * 0 /

B Y 5IF FRVBUJPO JT XSJUUFO PVU BOE  JT BEEFE UP

Y CPUI TJEFT

Y 4JNQMJGZ UIF FYQSFTTJPOT PO FBDI TJEF

C Y   5IF FRVBUJPO JT XSJUUFO PVU BOE CPUI TJEFT BSF

Y ¤    ¤  NVMUJQMJFE CZ 

Y   4JNQMJGZ UIF FYQSFTTJPOT PO FBDI TJEF

D   C 5IF FRVBUJPO JT XSJUUFO PVU BOE CPUI TJEFT BSF

 C EJWJEFE CZ 

 
  C 4JNQMJGZ UIF FYQSFTTJPOT PO FBDI TJEF

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 /VNCFS BOE "MHFCSB 

E R m    5IF FRVBUJPO JT XSJUUFO PVU BOE  JT BEEFE UP

R m        CPUI TJEFT

R   4JNQMJGZ UIF FYQSFTTJPOT PO FBDI TJEF

&YBNQMF  4IPXJOH UIBU FRVBUJPOT BSF FRVJWBMFOU

4IPX UIBU UIFTF QBJST PG FRVBUJPOT BSF FRVJWBMFOU CZ TUBUJOH UIF PQFSBUJPO VTFE
B Y     BOE Y  
C    m Y BOE     m Y

D  C  
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40 - 6 5 * 0 / &9 1 - " / " 5 * 0 /

B #PUI TJEFT IBWF IBE  TVCUSBDUFE Y   m  TJNQMJàFT UP Y TP XF HFU UIF

2x + 10 = 15 TFDPOE FRVBUJPO CZ TVCUSBDUJOH 
− 10 − 10
2x = 5

C #PUI TJEFT IBWF CFFO NVMUJQMJFE CZ    m Y

SFQSFTFOUT UIF 3)4 JF  m Y CFJOH
5=7−x NVMUJQMJFE CZ 
×2 ×2
10 = 2(7 − x)

D #PUI TJEFT IBWF CFFO EJWJEFE CZ  3FNFNCFS  C  

NFBOT  ¤ C  

10(b + 3) = 20 *G XF IBWF  C  
XF HFU C   XIFO
÷ 10 ÷ 10 EJWJEJOH CZ 
b+3=2

&YFSDJTF $    ‰
6/%&345"/%*/(

&YBNQMF B  8SJUF BO FRVBUJPO UIBU SFTVMUT GSPN BEEJOH  UP CPUI TJEFT PG FBDI PG UIFTF FRVBUJPOT
B E     C F   D B   E Y  

 .BUDI VQ FBDI PG UIFTF FRVBUJPOT B UP F

XJUI JUT FRVJWBMFOU FRVBUJPO JF " UP &
XIFSF 
IBT CFFO BEEFE UP CPUI TJEFT
B   Y   " Y    
C Y     # Y    Y  
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 $IBQUFS  &RVBUJPOT

% 4PMWJOH FRVBUJPOT BMHFCSBJDBMMZ

" TPDDFS QMBZFS QSFQBSJOH GPS B HBNF XJMM QVU PO TIJO QBET
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UIFTF JUFNT BSF SFNPWFE JO SFWFSTF PSEFS àSTU UIF CPPUT UIFO
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PGG CFGPSF UIFJS TIPFT " TJNJMBS SFWFSTBM PG QSPDFEVSFT PDDVST
XJUI FRVJWBMFOU FRVBUJPOT
)FSF BSF UISFF FRVJWBMFOU FRVBUJPOT

x=3
×2 ×2
2x = 6
+4 +4
2x + 4 = 10

8F DBO VOEP UIF PQFSBUJPOT BSPVOE Y CZ EPJOH UIF PQQPTJUF

PQFSBUJPO JO UIF SFWFSTF PSEFS
5IF PSEFS JO XIJDI UIJOHT BSF EPOF NBUUFST JO
2x + 4 = 10
CPUI TQPSUT BOE NBUIT
−4 −4
2x = 6
÷2 ÷2
x=3

#FDBVTF UIFTF FRVBUJPOT BSF FRVJWBMFOU UIJT NFBOT UIBU UIF TPMVUJPO UP Y     JT Y   "O
BEWBOUBHF XJUI UIJT NFUIPE JT UIBU TPMWJOH FRVBUJPOT CZ JOTQFDUJPO DBO CF WFSZ EJGàDVMU JG UIF TPMVUJPO JT
OPU KVTU B TNBMM XIPMF OVNCFS

-FUT TUBSU "UUFNQUJOH TPMVUJPOT

(FPSHJB ,BSUJL BOE -VDBT USZ UP TPMWF UIF FRVBUJPO Y    5IFZ QSFTFOU UIFJS BUUFNQUFE TPMVUJPOT
CFMPX
Georgia Kartik Lucas
4x + 8 = 40 4x + 8 = 40 4x + 8 = 40
÷4 ÷4 −8 +8 −8 −8
x + 8 = 10 4x = 48 4x = 32
−8 −8 ÷4 ÷4 ÷4 ÷4
x=2 x = 12 x=8

• 8IJDI PG UIF TUVEFOUT IBT UIF DPSSFDU TPMVUJPO UP UIF FRVBUJPO +VTUJGZ ZPVS BOTXFS CZ TVCTUJUVUJOH FBDI
TUVEFOUT àOBM BOTXFS
• 'PS FBDI PG UIF UXP TUVEFOUT XJUI UIF JODPSSFDU BOTXFS FYQMBJO UIF NJTUBLF UIFZ IBWF NBEF JO UIFJS
BUUFNQU UP IBWF FRVJWBMFOU FRVBUJPOT
• 8IBU PQFSBUJPOT XPVME ZPV EP UP CPUI TJEFT JG UIF PSJHJOBM FRVBUJPO XBT Y m   
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 /VNCFS BOE "MHFCSB 

5P TPMWF BO FRVBUJPO àOE B TJNQMFS FRVBUJPO UIBU JT FRVJWBMFOU 3FQFBU UIJT VOUJM UIF TPMVUJPO JT ,FZ
GPVOE JEFBT
" TJNQMFS FRVBUJPO DBO CF GPVOE CZ BQQMZJOH UIF PQQPTJUF PQFSBUJPOT JO SFWFSTF PSEFS
FH GPS Y     XF IBWF
×5 +2
x 5x 5x + 2

4P XF TPMWF UIF FRVBUJPO CZ AVOEPJOH UIFN JO SFWFSTF PSEFS

−2 ÷5
5x + 2 5x x

5IJT HJWFT UIF TPMVUJPO

5x + 2 = 17
−2 −2
5x = 15
÷5 ÷5
x=3

" TPMVUJPO DBO CF DIFDLFE CZ TVCTUJUVUJOH UIF WBMVF UP TFF JG UIF FRVBUJPO JT USVF
FH -)4   
    BOE 3)4  

&YBNQMF  4PMWJOH POFTUFQ FRVBUJPOT

4PMWF FBDI PG UIF GPMMPXJOH FRVBUJPOT BMHFCSBJDBMMZ
R
B Y   C   Z m  D  


40 - 6 5 * 0 / &9 1 - " / " 5 * 0 /

B 5x = 30 5IF PQQPTJUF PG ¤  JT œ 
÷5 ÷5 #Z EJWJEJOH CPUI TJEFT CZ  XF HFU BO
x=6 FRVJWBMFOU FRVBUJPO 3FDBMM UIBU Y œ 
4P UIF TPMVUJPO JT Y   TJNQMJàFT UP Y

C 17 = y − 21 5IF PQQPTJUF PG m JT  

+ 21 + 21
38 = y
4P UIF TPMVUJPO JT Z   8SJUF UIF QSPOVNFSBM PO UIF -)4

D q .VMUJQMZJOH CPUI TJEFT CZ  HJWFT BO

10 =
3 FRVJWBMFOU FRVBUJPO UIBU JT TJNQMFS /PUF UIBU
×3 ×3
R
30 = q ¤   R

4P UIF TPMVUJPO JT R   8SJUF UIF QSPOVNFSBM PO UIF -)4

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 $IBQUFS  &RVBUJPOT

&YBNQMF  4PMWJOH UXPTUFQ FRVBUJPOT

4PMWF FBDI PG UIF GPMMPXJOH FRVBUJPOT BMHFCSBJDBMMZ BOE DIFDL UIF TPMVUJPO
E
B   B   C m D    F  

40 - 6 5 * 0 / &9 1 - " / " 5 * 0 /

B 7 + 4a = 23 "U FBDI TUFQ USZ UP NBLF UIF FRVBUJPO TJNQMFS

−7 −7 CZ BQQMZJOH BO PQFSBUJPO UP CPUI TJEFT
4a = 16 $IPPTF UIF PQQPTJUF PQFSBUJPOT CBTFE PO
÷4 ÷4   B
a=4 ×4 +7
$IFDL a 4a 7 + 4a
-)4    B 3)4   X 0QQPTJUF PQFSBUJPOT m UIFO œ 
   ¤ $IFDL UIBU PVS FRVBUJPO JT USVF CZ TVCTUJUVUJOH
    B   CBDL JOUP UIF -)4 BOE 3)4 #PUI TJEFT
  BSF FRVBM TP B   JT B TPMVUJPO

C d "U FBDI TUFQ USZ UP NBLF UIF FRVBUJPO TJNQMFS

−2=4 CZ BQQMZJOH BO PQFSBUJPO UP CPUI TJEFT
+2 3 +2
d
=6
3 5IF PQQPTJUF PG m JT  BOE UIF PQQPTJUF PG
×3 ×3
œ  JT ¤ 
d = 18
$IFDL $IFDL UIBU PVS FRVBUJPO JT USVF CZ TVCTUJUVUJOH
E E   CBDL JOUP UIF -)4 BOE 3)4 #PUI TJEFT
-)4  m  3)4   X

BSF FRVBM TP E   JT B TPMVUJPO

 m

m


D 12 = 2(e + 1) "U FBDI TUFQ USZ UP NBLF UIF FRVBUJPO TJNQMFS

÷2 ÷2 CZ BQQMZJOH BO PQFSBUJPO UP CPUI TJEFT
6=e+1 5IF PQQPTJUF PG ¤  JT œ  BOE UIF PQQPTJUF PG
−1 −1   JT m 
5=e
4P UIF TPMVUJPO JT F   8SJUF UIF TPMVUJPO PO UIF -)4
$IFDL $IFDL UIBU PVS FRVBUJPO JT USVF CZ
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TVCTUJUVUJOH
    
F   CBDL JOUP UIF FRVBUJPO

 ¤
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  $IBQUFS  &RVBUJPOT

& &RVBUJPOT XJUI GSBDUJPOT &95&/%*/(

B
4PMWJOH FRVBUJPOT UIBU JOWPMWF GSBDUJPOT JT TUSBJHIUGPSXBSE PODF XF SFDBMM UIBU JO BMHFCSB NFBOT B œ C
C
5IJT NFBOT UIBU JG XF IBWF B GSBDUJPO XJUI C PO UIF EFOPNJOBUPS XF DBO NVMUJQMZ CPUI TJEFT CZ C UP HFU
B TJNQMFS FRVJWBMFOU FRVBUJPO

-FUT TUBSU 'SBDUJPOBM EJGGFSFODFT

$POTJEFS UIFTF UISFF FRVBUJPOT
 
Y   Y Y
B  C  D  
  
• 4PMWF FBDI PG UIFN CZ JOTQFDUJPO PS BMHFCSBJDBMMZ

• $PNQBSF ZPVS TPMVUJPOT XJUI UIPTF PG ZPVS DMBTTNBUFT
• 8IZ EP UXP PG UIF FRVBUJPOT IBWF UIF TBNF TPMVUJPO

,FZ B
JEFBT 3FDBMM UIBU
C
NFBOT B œ C
5P TPMWF BO FRVBUJPO UIBU IBT B GSBDUJPO PO POF TJEF NVMUJQMZ CPUI TJEFT CZ UIF EFOPNJOBUPS

x
=4
×5 5 ×5
x = 20

*G OFJUIFS TJEF PG BO FRVBUJPO JT B GSBDUJPO EP OPU NVMUJQMZ CZ UIF EFOPNJOBUPS

x
+5 =8
×3 3 ×3 Do not do this
. . .

x
+5 =8
−5 3 −5
x
=3
3
×3 ×3 Do this
x =9

Y Y
5IF FYQSFTTJPOT   BOE BSF EJGGFSFOU BT EFNPOTUSBUFE JO UIFTF áPX DIBSUT
 

÷3 x +2 x +2 ÷3 x+2
x +2 vs x x+2
3 3 3

   !  " # $ # $ %  # & ' " "  #  ( )             % $ '  

      *   +  
     

         
   
   

 
               
                
 
                   

      

        
                 
 /VNCFS BOE "MHFCSB 

&YBNQMF  4PMWJOH FRVBUJPOT XJUI GSBDUJPOT

4PMWF FBDI PG UIF GPMMPXJOH FRVBUJPOT
B Z
B  C  
 
Y Y m 
D     E 
 

40 - 6 5 * 0 / &9 1 - " / " 5 * 0 /

B a .VMUJQMZJOH CPUI TJEFT CZ  SFNPWFT UIF

=3 EFOPNJOBUPS PG 
×7 7 ×7
a = 21

C 5y .VMUJQMZJOH CPUI TJEFT CZ  SFNPWFT UIF

= 10 EFOPNJOBUPS PG 
×3 3 ×3
5y = 30 5IF FRVBUJPO Z   DBO CF TPMWFE OPSNBMMZ
÷5 ÷5
y=6

D 3x 'JSTU XF TVCUSBDU  CFDBVTF XF EP OPU IBWF B

+ 7 = 13 GSBDUJPO CZ JUTFMG PO UIF -)4
−7 4 −7
3x 0ODF UIFSF JT B GSBDUJPO CZ JUTFMG NVMUJQMZ CZ
=6
×4 4 ×4 JUT EFOPNJOBUPS JO UIJT DBTF 
BOE TPMWF UIF
FRVBUJPO Y   BT ZPV XPVME OPSNBMMZ
3x = 24
÷3 ÷3
x=8

E 2x − 3 'JSTU NVMUJQMZ CPUI TJEFT CZ  UP SFNPWF UIF

=3 EFOPNJOBUPS
×5 5 ×5
2x − 3 = 15 5IFO TPMWF UIF FRVBUJPO Y m    BT ZPV
+3 +3 XPVME OPSNBMMZ
2x = 18
÷2 ÷2
x=9

   !  " # $ # $ %  # & ' " "  #  ( )             % $ '  

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  $IBQUFS  &RVBUJPOT

' &RVBUJPOT XJUI CSBDLFUT &95&/%*/(

3FDBMM GSPN $IBQUFS  UIBU FYQSFTTJPOT XJUI CSBDLFUT DBO CF FYQBOEFE x 5

VTJOH UIF PCTFSWBUJPO TIPXO BU SJHIU BCPVU SFDUBOHMFT BSFBT
4P  Y  
JT FRVJWBMFOU UP Y  
3 3 × x = 3x 3 × 5 = 15
8IFO TPMWJOH  Y  
  XF DPVME àSTU EJWJEF CPUI TJEFT CZ 
PS XF DPVME àSTU FYQBOE UIF CSBDLFUT HJWJOH Y     BOE UIFO
TVCUSBDU  'PS TPNF FRVBUJPOT UIF CSBDLFUT NVTU CF FYQBOEFE àSTU x+5

-FUT TUBSU 3FNPWJOH CSBDLFUT

B %SBX UXP SFDUBOHMFT XJUI BSFBT  Y  

BOE  Y  

C 6TF UIFTF UP TIPX UIBU  Y  
  Y  
JT FRVJWBMFOU UP Y  
D $BO ZPV TPMWF UIF FRVBUJPO  Y  
  Y  
 

,FZ 5P FYQBOE CSBDLFUT VTF UIF EJTUSJCVUJWF MBX XIJDI TUBUFT UIBU
JEFBT
a(b + c) = ab + ac FH  Y  
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a(b − c) = ab − ac FH  C m 
 C m 
-JLF UFSNT BSF UFSNT UIBU DPOUBJO FYBDUMZ UIF TBNF QSPOVNFSBMT BOE DBO CF DPMMFDUFE UP TJNQMJGZ
FYQSFTTJPOT 'PS FYBNQMF Y    Y DBO CF TJNQMJàFE UP Y  
&RVBUJPOT JOWPMWJOH CSBDLFUT DBO CF TPMWFE CZ àSTU FYQBOEJOH CSBDLFUT BOE DPMMFDUJOH MJLF UFSNT

&YBNQMF  &YQBOEJOH CSBDLFUT

&YQBOE FBDI PG UIF GPMMPXJOH
B  Y  
C  R m 
D  B  

40 - 6 5 * 0 / &9 1 - " / " 5 * 0 /

B  Y  
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4(x + 3) = 4x + 12

C  R m 
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6(q − 4) = 6q − 24

D  B  
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5(3a + 4) = 5 × 3a + 20

   !  " # $ # $ %  # & ' " "  #  ( )             % $ '  

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 /VNCFS BOE "MHFCSB 

&YBNQMF  4JNQMJGZJOH FYQSFTTJPOT XJUI MJLF UFSNT

4JNQMJGZ FBDI PG UIFTF FYQSFTTJPOT
B Y    Y C B  B   m B  

40 - 6 5 * 0 / &9 1 - " / " 5 * 0 /

B Y    Y  Y   -JLF UFSNT BSF Y BOE Y

5IFTF BSF DPNCJOFE UP HJWF Y

C B  B   m B    B   -JLF UFSNT BSF DPNCJOFE

B  B m B  B BOE     

&YBNQMF  4PMWJOH FRVBUJPOT CZ FYQBOEJOH CSBDLFUT

4PMWF FBDI PG UIFTF FRVBUJPOT CZ FYQBOEJOH CSBDLFUT àSTU
B  Y  
  C    R m 
D  C  
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40 - 6 5 * 0 / &9 1 - " / " 5 * 0 /

B 6TF UIF EJTUSJCVUJWF MBX UP FYQBOE UIF CSBDLFUT

3(x + 2) = 18
3x + 6 = 18 4PMWF UIF FRVBUJPO CZ QFSGPSNJOH UIF TBNF
−6 −6 PQFSBUJPOT UP CPUI TJEFT
3x = 12
÷3 ÷3
x=4

C 6TF UIF EJTUSJCVUJWF MBX UP FYQBOE CSBDLFUT

7  7(4q < 3)
7  28q < 21 4PMWF UIF FRVBUJPO CZ QFSGPSNJOH UIF TBNF

21
21 PQFSBUJPOT UP CPUI TJEFT
28  28q
828 828
1q
So q  1 is the solution.
D  C  
 C   6TF UIF EJTUSJCVUJWF MBX UP FYQBOE CSBDLFUT
C    C   $PMMFDU MJLF UFSNT UP TJNQMJGZ UIF FYQSFTTJPO
7b
15  29 4PMWF UIF FRVBUJPO CZ QFSGPSNJOH UIF TBNF
<15 <15 PQFSBUJPOT UP CPUI TJEFT
7b  14
87 87
b2

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  $IBQUFS  &RVBUJPOT

( 'PSNVMBT
0GUFO UXP PS NPSF QSPOVNFSBMT PS WBSJBCMFT
SFQSFTFOU SFMBUFE RVBOUJUJFT 'PS FYBNQMF UIF TQFFE T
BU
XIJDI B DBS USBWFMT BOE UIF UJNF U
JU UBLFT UP BSSJWF BU JUT EFTUJOBUJPO BSF SFMBUFE WBSJBCMF RVBOUJUJFT
" GPSNVMB JT BO FRVBUJPO UIBU DPOUBJOT UXP PS NPSF QSPOVNFSBMT BOE TIPXT IPX UIFZ BSF SFMBUFE

-FUT TUBSU 'BISFOIFJU BOE $FMTJVT

*O "VTUSBMJB XF NFBTVSF UFNQFSBUVSF JO EFHSFFT $FMTJVT XIFSFBT JO UIF 64" JU JT
$
NFBTVSFE JO EFHSFFT 'BISFOIFJU " GPSNVMB UP DPOWFSU CFUXFFO UIFN JT '   

• "U XIBU UFNQFSBUVSF JO EFHSFFT 'BISFOIFJU EPFT XBUFS GSFF[F
• "U XIBU UFNQFSBUVSF JO EFHSFFT 'BISFOIFJU EPFT XBUFS CPJM
• 8IBU UFNQFSBUVSF JT ◦ 'BISFOIFJU JO $FMTJVT %P ZPV LOPX XIBU JT TJHOJàDBOU
BCPVU UIJT UFNQFSBUVSF

,FZ 5IF TVCKFDU PG BO FRVBUJPO JT B QSPOVNFSBM UIBU PDDVST CZ JUTFMG PO UIF MFGUIBOE TJEF 'PS
JEFBT FYBNQMF 5 JT UIF TVCKFDU PG 5  Y  
" GPSNVMB PS SVMF JT BO FRVBUJPO UIBU DPOUBJOT UXP PS NPSF QSPOVNFSBMT PS WBSJBCMFT
POF PG
XIJDI JT UIF TVCKFDU PG UIF FRVBUJPO
5P VTF B GPSNVMB àSTU TVCTUJUVUF BMM UIF LOPXO WBMVFT JOUP UIF FRVBUJPO BOE UIFO TPMWF JU UP àOE
UIF àOBM WBMVF

&YBNQMF  "QQMZJOH B GPSNVMB

$POTJEFS UIF SVMF L  C   'JOE UIF WBMVF PG
B L JG C   C L JG C   D C JG L  

40 - 6 5 * 0 / &9 1 - " / " 5 * 0 /

B L  ¤   4VCTUJUVUF C   JOUP UIF FRVBUJPO

 

C L   ¤    4VCTUJUVUF C   JOUP UIF FRVBUJPO

 

D 23  3b
2 4VCTUJUVUF L   JOUP UIF FRVBUJPO /PX TPMWF
<2 <2 UIF FRVBUJPO UP àOE UIF WBMVF PG C
21  3b
83 83
7b
5IFSFGPSF C  

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 /VNCFS BOE "MHFCSB 

&YBNQMF  "QQMZJOH B GPSNVMB JOWPMWJOH UISFF QSPOVNFSBMT

$POTJEFS UIF SVMF 2  X   U
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B 2 JG X   BOE U   C U JG 2   BOE X  

40 - 6 5 * 0 / &9 1 - " / " 5 * 0 /

B 2     
4VCTUJUVUF X   BOE U   UP FWBMVBUF

  ¤ 
 

C      U
4VCTUJUVUF 2   BOE X  
42  24
6t &YQBOE UIF CSBDLFUT BOE UIFO TPMWF UIF
<24 <24 FRVBUJPO
18  6t
86 86
3t
5IFSFGPSF U  

&YFSDJTF (    ‰

6/%&345"/%*/(
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PS OPU B SVMF /

B Y     C Z  Y   D '  NB
E mR F X   m W G 1*Lm

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