WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
ZAMBOANGA CITY, PHILIPPINES

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”

Nelson Mandela

FINAL EXAM

SUBJECT : ENE 153 – Ecological Design

Name : Rating :
Date : December 09, 2021
Due Date : December 09, 2021

I. Enumeration (3 Mark Each).

1. List the three TYPES OF LAND TREATMENT SYSTEMS.

2. What are the design considerations for both types of SR systems?
3. List at least 5 types of distribution system.
4. What are the design parameters designing of OF systems?
5. What are the two types of Slow-Rate Treatment System?
6. What are the determinations made during the preliminary design phase?
7. What are the design procedures for Soil Aquifer Treatment?
8. What are the ecosystem services does streams provide?
9. There are several ways to determine bankfull discharge. Bankfull elevation can be
observed directly in the field. What are the bankfull indicators?
10. What comprises of Riparian corridors?
11. What comprises the Ecosystem functions of the riparian corridor?
12. What are the process for hydrologic design for channel restoration?
 13. What are several reasons to consider for stream restoration?
14. Bankfull stage should be verified by multiple indicators. What are the other
indicators of bankfull?
15. What are the watersheds services?
16. What are the watershed characteristics?
17. What are the various groups of ecosystems that form watersheds?

II. Multiple Choice: (2 Mark Each)

1. Slopes can be constructed from level terrain usually the minimum of a _______% slope is
constructed.
a. 2 %
b. 1.5 %
c. 2.5 %

2. Overland flow systems are effective in removing

a. BOD, TSS, nitrogen, and trace organics
b. Phosphorus, heavy metals, and pathogens
c. All of the above

3. A range of application periods has been used successfully, with _________ being most
common.
a. 13-14 hr/d
b. 6-12 hr/d
c. 3-5 hr/d

4. Overland flow is best suited to sites with ___________ and _____________.

a. Slow permeable and sloping terrain
b. High permeable and staright terrain
c. None of the Above

5. To obtain effective nitrification, the wet/dry ratio must be ____________.

a. 0.8 or less
b. 0.5 or less
c. All of the Above
6. Slope lengths in OF practice have typically ranged from _____________.
a. 100 to 200 ft
b. 300 to 350 ft
c. None of the Above

7. At the wastewater application rates in current use, the site grade is not critical to performance
when it is within the range of ___________%
a. 8-9 %
b. 2-8 %
c. All of the above

8. A functioning stream is one where the ___________, _____________ and _____________

support the expected ecosystem services.

a. Physical, Biological, and Chemical characteristics

b. Physical, Ecological and Environmental
c. All of the above

9. In SAT systems, the hydraulic loading cycle consists of an ______________________

a. Application (flooding) period followed by a drying (resting) period
b. Resting period followed by a drying period
c. All of the Above

10. Degraded streams cannot really be restored. Once a stream system is changed, it never goes
back to its exact condition prior to the change.

a. True
b. False
c. Maybe

11. The art of stream restoration requires careful attention to __________________ and
____________,

a. assessment, alternative development and selection,

b. construction oversight, monitoring, and maintenance.
c. All of the above
d. a
e. b
12. Stream restoration can be extraordinarily expensive.

a. True
b. False
c. Maybe

13. The best way to find sediment load is to measure the concentration at different flow levels.
Suspended sediment can be measured fairly easily from water samples. Bedload must be
measured with special bedload samplers.

a. True
b. False
c. Maybe

14. Because of the complexity of stream systems, and the interaction of physical, chemical, and
biological elements, stream restoration is not the purview of any single profession. Engineers,
hydrologists, biologists, restoration ecologists, geologists, geomorphologists, and
horticulturalists may all be needed for successful design.

a. True
b. False
c. Maybe

15. Stream sediment transport is normally divided into.__________.

a. Suspended Solids and Dissolved Solids
b. Suspended load and Bedload
c. None of the Above

16. Healthy riparian corridors are known to reduce up to 50 percent of nutrients and pesticides,
60 percent of certain pathogens, and 75 percent of sediment from runoff into streams.

a. True
b. False
c. Maybe

17. The quantity of flow or discharge in a stream may vary several orders of magnitude between
____________ and ______________.

a. High flow and Medium Flow

b. Low flow and Extreme floods.
c. All of the Above
18. The objective of stream restoration is restoration of ____________and _____________.

a. Ecosystem function
b. Services
c. All of the Above
d. None of the Above

19. Discharge is frequently characterized as either _____________ or ________________.

a. storm flow
b. baseflow.
c. All of the Above

20. Habitat is a combination of the _________________ and ____________of an area or areas

that are essential for meeting the food and other metabolic needs and the shelter, breeding, and
overwintering requirements of a particular species.

a. Physical and Biological Characteristics

b. Chemical and Physical Characteristics
c. Biological and Chemical Characteristics

21. The required width of a riparian corridor is dependent on the ecological service desired. A
generally accepted minimum width is _______ meters

a. 15 meters
b. 18 meters
c. 19 meters

22. As with the hydrology and geomorphology of a watershed, everything is connected in the
biota of a stream. In most river systems, there is movement of organisms both upstream and
downstream.

a. True
b. False
c. Maybe
 23. Different aquatic organisms need differing water flow conditions. Organisms may need
shallow, fast water such as riffles or cascades, or they may need deeper, slower water such as a
pool.

a. True
b. False
c. Maybe

24. __________________, is the area of land that drains to a particular point on a stream, lake,
or estuary.

a. River
b. Watershed
c. Ocean

25. Description of the watershed should consider the general elevation, slope, relief (difference
between high and low elevation), watershed orientation, stream density, and man-made features
such as roads, reservoirs, levees, and the like.

a. True
b. False
c. Maybe

III. Problem Solving

1. Laboratory Activity # 3.

GOOD LUCK !