Foundation

MODULE
Study Guide

BDS 1st YEAR

SESSION _______2022 to 2023_________
 FOUNDATION MODULE INTEGRATED CURRICULUM

FOUNDATION MODULE
PLACEMENT IN CURRICULUM: YEAR 01, MODULE 01
MODULE CODE:
MODULE DURATION: 10 WEEKS
PRE REQUISITE: Prior Knowledge of Intermediate /A-levels
MODULE TEAM
CHAIRMAN CURRICULUM COMMITTEE Dr Riaz Warriach
MODULE DIRECTOR Dr Ayesha Fahim
MODULE COORDINATOR Dr Tayyaba Nayab

ACADEMIC TEAM

SR. NO DISCIPLINES

1 Anatomy Dr. Saba Amjad

2 Physiology Dr. Sara Mukhtar

3 Biochemistry Dr. Gulrez

4 Oral Biology Dr. Tayyaba Nayab

5 Pathology Dr. Ayesha Masood

6 Pharmacology Dr. Bushra Suhail

7 Behavioral Sciences Dr. Khulood

8 Dental materials Dr. Hassan

9 Community dentistry Dr. Arooj ul Hassan

10 Medical education Dr Fadia, Dr Sana

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Attendance guidelines

➢ No student should be eligible for a university examination without having attended 75% of
the lectures, demonstrations, tutorials and practical or clinical work both in- patients and out-
patients.
➢ These guidelines are in accordance with PMC rules and regulations criteria will be debarred
from the annual professional examination and will automatically be allowed to take the
supplementary examination for that particular year.

• Professional examination End of the year exam

• 60%
• (Theory and OSPE)

• CBA
• Combined assessment of a number of modules
• 30%
• (Theory and OSPE)

• Low stake towards the end of individual module

• 10%
• (Theory and OSPE)

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INTRODUCTION The Foundation module is designed for 1st year BDS with an aim to
/RATIONALE
integrate both basic and clinical sciences. This module deals with

extrapolation of molecular, structural and functional organization of

cell along with its genetics, embryology, histology, physiology, tooth

morphology and introduction of Oro-facial tissues in context of

clinical relevance. It also encompasses the general principals of

pharmacology along with cellular injuries and necrosis from

pathology perspective. Moreover, the basic principles of community

dentistry, dental materials and behavioral sciences have been

incorporated to develop ground for dentistry. Working within

teams in practical exercises and small group discussions will enhance

the critical thinking and problem-solving skills of students and will

enable them to be able to work in groups/teams.

MODULE KNOWLEDGE:
OUTCOMES
Student should be able to describe the basic knowledge about normal

structure, organization, functions and development of cell ,

musculoskeletal system as well as the concepts of diseases and drug

dynamics.

SKILL: Demonstrate effective skill for performing and interpreting

various laboratory tests.

ATTITUDE: Demonstrate a professional attitude, team building spirit

and good communication especially in small group discussions.

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Discipline Topic LEARNING OBJECTIVES LEARNING ASSESS

STRATEGY MENT
TOOL
Anatomy Define anatomy MCQ &
SAQ
Define The Following Terms Interactive
lecture
Prenatal And Postnatal Life
Introductio Neonate, Infant, Child, Adolescent and
n puberty.

Outline The Branches of Anatomy

Introduction Of Various Techniques Used to

Study Anatomy
Embryolog Cell Define Various: Developmental Periods, Interactive MCQ &
y division Descriptive Terms Used in Embryology lecture SAQ
Biochemist Introductio Discuss the importance of biochemistry and Interactive MCQ &
ry n to its application in real life. lecture SAQ
biochemist
ry & Describe the biochemical composition of the
biochemica cell
l basis of
cell Discuss transport mechanism
Physiology Compare Extracellular & Intracellular Body Interactive MCQ &
Fluid Compartments in State of Health and lecture + SAQ
Disease SGD

Define homeostasis.
Summarize The Homeostatic Mechanism of
Major Functional Systems

Cellular Summarize The Control Systems of The Body

Homeostasi
Describe the characteristic of control system
s
of the body.

Briefly describe the negative feedback

mechanism.

Briefly describe the positive feedback

mechanism.

Briefly describe the feed forward mechanism

Biochemist Cell Discuss various organelles of cell and their Interactive MCQ &
ry organelles functions lecture SAQ

Cell Structure and function and biochemical Interactive MCQ &

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membrane composition of cell membrane lecture SAQ

Name the types of protein present in the

membrane and enumerate their functions.

Name the major lipids and their functions.

Explain the fluid mosaic model of cell with

diagram.

Enlist different types of signals. Interactive MCQ &

lecture SAQ
Signal Explain the different types of cell receptors.
transductio
n Explain the signal transduction with G-
coupled protein receptors.

Physiology Summarize The Different Ways of Cell Interactive MCQ &

Transport (Active & Passive Transport, lecture + SAQ
Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis Etc.) SGD

Describe the different mechanisms of

Transport transport
Across the
Cell Describe the structure of voltage gated
Membrane channels & ligand gated channels

Describe the special type of passive

transport. (Osmosis, Bulk flow, filtration)

Define active transport

Anatomy Define cytoskeleton Interactive MCQ &

lecture SAQ
Cytoskeleto Enumerate types of cytoskeletons
n Summarize The structure &function of
cytoskeleton

Physiology Summarize The Functions of Cytoskeleton Interactive MCQ &

lecture SAQ
Function Of Relate The Function of Cell Junction with Its
Cytoskeleto Location
n, Cell
List The Specialized Functions of Different
Junction
Types of Membrane Proteins
and Cell
Membrane Summarize The Functions of Cell Membrane,
Glycocalyx

Biochemist Describe the chemistry and the biochemical Interactive MCQ &
ry Nucleotides role of nucleosides lecture SAQ

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and nucleotides.

Define nucleic acid.

Enlist Nucleic acids and their types

Describe the structure of nucleic acid

List the differences between different types
of nucleic acids

Discus the functions of different types of

nucleic acids

Discuss structure and function of DNA & RNA Interactive MCQ &
DNA/ RNA lecture SAQ
Differentiate between DNA and RNA

Transcripti Describe translation Interactive MCQ &

on and lecture SAQ
Describe transcription
Translation
Pathology Introductio Describe four aspects of a disease; etiology, Interactive MCQ &
n to pathogenesis, molecular and morphologic lecture SAQ
pathology changes and clinical manifestations.

Oral Introductio Describe hard and soft tissues in context of Lecture MCQ &
biology n to Oral clinical relevance. SAQ
tissues

Oral Relate Structure & Function Odontogenic Interactive MCQ &

biology Odontogeni Cells to Oro-Facial Tissues lecture SAQ
c Cells Explain the Oro dental tissues and their
embryonic basis (cytology)

Identify and draw the parts of tooth. Skill lab OSPE

Anatomy Briefly Describe Step Involved Skill lab OSCE

Tissue Preparation

Justify The Use of Each Steps

Use Of Microscope and Study of Artifacts

Study of
artifacts Describe Principles of H & E Staining

Identify Artifacts Such as Dust Particles Air

Bubbles Hair & Fibers & Tissue Tear &
Overlapping.
Identification Of Cellular Shapes in Routine H
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& E Staining Under Light Microscope.

Physiology Identify And Relate Different Parts of Skill Lab OSCE

Compound Microscope with Their Particular
Compound Function
microscope
Focus Neubauer Chamber

Biochemist Lab Introduction to lab techniques & handling of Skill Lab OSCE
ry protocols equipment

Anatomy/ 1st week of Draw And Label a Diagram to Show the Interactive MCQ &
embryolog developme Stages of Cell Cycle with Their Controlling Lecture SAQ
y nt Mechanism

Discuss Mechanisms of Growth

Enlist Growth Factors

Define Induction Inducer, Responder
Competence and Competence Factors

Discuss Differentiation

Explain The Concept of Induction and

Differentiation

Define Gametogenesis
Discuss processes of oogenesis and
spermatogenesis

Draw and label the various components of

female reproductive tract

Name the layers of uterine wall

Outline the mechanism for Transportation of
gametes
Summarize the mechanism and importance
of Capacitation

Discuss the process of fertilization and

elaborate the achievements of fertilization

Define cleavage and differentiate it from

mitosis

Discuss the formation of inner and outer cell

mass and explain their fate

Terms of Differentiate Between Skill Lab OSCE

position &

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reference planes And Axis: -

Define Various Planes Axes and Sections
Planes Such as Median Horizontal Vertical
Oblique, Sections: - Longitudinal Vertical
Horizontal Oblique, Axis: - Longitudinal
Horizontal & Anteroposterior

Explain Special Anatomical Terms for Limb

Explain Terms of Anatomical Relationship

Demonstrate Terms of Movements with

Reference to Plane and Axis on Which They
Are Occurring

Anatomy Organizatio Identify Structures Met in Dissection Skill Lab OSPE

n Of Body (differentiate Between Their Functions, Skin,
Superficial Fascia, Deep Fascia, Vessels,
Lymph Node, Nerves, Deep Fascia, Muscle,
Joint and Bones)

2.Anatomy Epithelium Define Tissue Interactive MCQ &

I Lecture SAQ
Describe Characteristics of Four Basic
Tissues
Define Epithelium and Enumerate Its
Properties
Classify Epithelium and Relate Its Function
to Location

Epithelium Describe surface modification of epithelium Interactive

II Lecture
Relate The Structure of Cilia and Microvilli to
Their Functions

Epithelium Describe Stratified Epithelium Interactive

III Lecture
Describe Glandular Epithelium

Summarize The Structure and Role of

Basement Membrane

Epithelium Identify & Draw Simple Epithelia (Cuboidal, Skill Lab OSPE
Squamous & Columnar Epithelium)

Identify & Draw Simple Columnar Epithelium

with Cilia, Microvilli & Goblet Cells Under
Light Microscope
Identify And draw Pseudostratified columnar

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epithelium
Identify & Draw stratified Epithelia
(Cuboidal, Squamous & Columnar
Epithelium)

Pathology Enlist the causes of cell injury. Interactive MCQ &

lecture + SAQ
Discuss the mechanism of cell injury. SGD
Cell Injury
Differentiate between reversible &
irreversible cell injury.

Enlist the adaptations of cellular growth& Interactive MCQ &

differentiation Lecture SAQ

Define hypertrophy
Briefly discuss the mechanism of
hypertrophy.

Define hyperplasia.
Differentiate between physiologic &
pathologic hyperplasia.
Briefly discuss the mechanism of
hyperplasia.

Define atrophy

Cellular Briefly discuss the mechanism of atrophy.

responses
to stress & Define metaplasia
noxious Discuss the mechanisms of metaplasia
stimuli.
Illustrate diagrammatic view of hypertrophy, Practical OSPE
hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia with clinical
example

Pharmacol Define pharmacokinetics Interactive MCQ &

ogy Lecture SAQ
Describe factors affecting absorption

Describe volume of distribution

Pharmacok Describe clinical significance of Volume of
inetics distribution
Relate Factors Affecting the Drug Absorption
with Clinical Significance.
Define factors affecting the drug absorption

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with clinical significance

Define Bioavailability SGD MCQ &

SAQ
Describe clinical significance of
Bioavailability

Define First Pass Hepatic Effect/Metabolism.

Pharmacok
inetics Define Half Life of Drugs

Describe Clinical Significance of Half Life

Define steady state concentration and

give its clinical significance

Pharamac Pharmacok Define Metabolism Interactive MCQ &

ology inetics Lecture SAQ
Enlist Major Outcomes of metabolisms
Biotransfor
mation Explain Phase1 & 2 reactions

Describe enzyme induction and enzyme

inhibition with appropriate examples

Explain Phase1 & 2 reactions SGD MCQ &

SAQ
Describe enzyme induction and enzyme
inhibition with appropriate examples

Pharmacok Enlist different routes of drug interaction SGD MCQ &

inetics SAQ
Enumerate excretion process through
Excretion kidneys

Describe different factors affecting

glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion
and renal tubular reabsorption with their
clinical implications

Differentiate between zero order and first

order

Eliminate with appropriate examples

Demonstrate the technique of IV and IM Skill lab OSPE

injection

Pharmacol Pharmacod Define Pharmacodynamics Interactive MCQ &

ogy ynamics lecture SAQ
Define Receptor and Its Subtypes
Define Agonist, Partial Agonist, Reverse

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Agonist, Antagonist
Discuss Different Types of Antagonism with
Examples.

Pharmacod Explain Dose response curve Lecture MCQ &

ynamics SAQ
Describe the information that can be
obtained from a Graded Dose Response
Curve with its clinical significance
Pharmacol
ogy Explain “Quantal Dose Response Curve”

Describe the information that can be

obtained from a Quantal Dose Response
Curve

Biochemist Define proteins. Interactive MCQ &

ry Lecture SAQ
Explain their biochemical importance.
Chemistry
of proteins Classify proteins on the basis of
physicochemical aspects, nutritional
requirement , function and structure.

Enzymes Define Enzymes Interactive MCQ &

Lecture SAQ
Classify Enzymes

Define, Coenzymes, Co-factors

Explain Isoenzymes with their biochemical

importance.

Explain the diagnostic and therapeutic uses

of enzymes.

Factors Describe the factors effecting enzyme Interactive MCQ &

affecting activities with reference of Michaelis – Lecture SAQ
enzyme Menten Equation.
activity

Enzyme Define inhibitors Interactive MCQ &

inhibitors Lecture SAQ
Classify enzyme inhibitors
Explain the biomedical importance of
enzyme inhibitors

Biochemist Spectropho Perform spectrometry. Skill lab OSPE

ry tometry
Give its principle uses and application

Physiology Identify Identify Normal RBCs Under Compound Skill Lab OSCE

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And Microscope
Interpret
Clinically Discriminate Different Types of WBCs On
the Blood Morphological Basis
Cell Counts Relate The Varied Count of Particular WBCs
In Different Clinical Situations

Anatomy Connective Define and Classify C.T Interactive MCQ &

tissue I Lecture SAQ
Relate the composition of Various connective
tissue with their Function

Connective Explain Function of Cells of Loose C.T On the Interactive MCQ &
tissue II Basis of Their Function lecture SAQ

Connective Identify and draw dense regular and Skill Lab OSCE
tissue irregular connective tissue

Connective Identify & draw the following Skill Lab OSCE

tissue
Loose connective tissue

Adipose connective tissue

Oral Introductio Define oral mucosa. Interactive MCQ &

biology n to Oral Lecture SAQ
Mucosa Discuss the boundaries of oral mucosa.

Oral Discuss the functions of oral mucosa Interactive MCQ &

mucosa Lecture SAQ

Classificati
Explain the regional and functional
on of oral
classification of oral mucosa
mucosa

Clinical Explain Histology of Oral Mucosa Interactive MCQ &

Relevance Lecture SAQ
of Oral Clinically Relate Functions of Oral Mucosa
Mucosa Explain The Components and Structural
Variations of Oral Mucosa

Histology Differentiate lining, masticatory and Skill lab OSPE

of Oral specialized mucosa from histological aspect
Mucosa

Histology Draw the cross section of oral mucosa Skill Lab OSCE
of Oral
Mucosa

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Discuss the clinical relevance of oral mucosa SGD OSPE

Oral Junction in Describe the junctions present in oral Interactive MCQ &
biology oral mucosa lecture SAQ
mucosa
Discuss age changes of oral mucosa
Discuss the repair and regeneration of oral
mucosa

Anatomy Anatomy of Name parts of neuron Lecture MCQ &

nervous SAQ
system Enumerate component parts of central and
peripheral nervous system

Enlist the functional components of PNS &

CNS

Explain formation and distribution of spinal

nerve
Relate functional components of spinal nerve
to origin of nerve fibers

Histology Enumerate the histological features of Lecture MCQ/

of nervous neuron SAQ
tissue
Describe light microscopic features of
peripheral nerve

Summarize process of myelination in CNS &

PNS

Histology Draw microscopic features of Peripheral Skill lab OSPE

of nerve.
peripheral
nerve

physiology Discuss Differentiate Between the Gross and Interactive MCQ &
Nerve Microscopic Changes Seen in Degeneration & Lecture SAQ
Degenerati Regeneration of Nerve Fiber
on

Summarize Discuss The Physiological Basis / Generation Interactive MCQ &

The of Action Potential Lecture+ SAQ
Membrane SGD
Potential of Compound Action Potential with
Single and Classification of Nerve Fiber by Physiologists
Multiple
Nerve Fiber
at Rest and

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On Activity

Power lab Introduction to power lab Skill lab OSPE

Anatomy Muscles Define Muscle Tissue Skill Lab OSCE

Enlist Characteristic of Muscle Tissue

Classify Muscle Tissue with Examples &
Relate the Arrangement of Muscle Fibers
with Their Function

Lecture MCQ &

Histological SAQ
features of
muscular Explain the histological features of skeletal &
tissue smooth muscle & cardiac muscle

Draw and label the histological features of Skill lab OSPE

skeletal muscles

Identify the skeletal muscles under light

microscope
Anatomy
Name divisions of intra embryonic Lecture MCQ &
mesoderm SAQ
Developme Identify sources of origin of skeletal muscle.
nt of
musculoske Describe the process of somitogenesis
letal system
Name derivatives of somites & relate the
process of folding to the formation of gut and
body wall

Physiology Phases of Define, The Phases of Action Potential of Interactive MCQ &
action Nerve Fiber lecture + SAQ
potential SGD
Draw And Label the Phases of Action
Potential of Nerve Fiber

Relate The Phases of Action Potential with

Their Ionic Basis
Draw And Label the Graph of Compound
Action Potential of Nerve Trunk

Relate The Graphic Representation Of

Action Define The Properties of Action Potential of Interactive MCQ &

Potential Myelinated & Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber lecture SAQ
Along
Myelinated Draw And Label Transmission of Action
Potential Across the Myelinated &
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and Un Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber

Myelinated
Nerve Fiber Summarize The Properties of Action
Potential of Myelinated & Unmyelinated
Nerve Fiber

Physiology Synapses, Define And Classify Synapses Lecture MCQ &

Addressing SAQ
the Types, Summarize The Properties
Properties
And Transmission of Synapses
and
Transmissi
on.

Power lab To study kymograph and components of Skill Lab OSCE

nerve muscle preparation

Physiology Describe the components of NMJ Lecture + MCQ &

SGD SAQ
Briefly outline the transmission across NMJ

Describe the pathophysiologic basis of

Neuromusc Myasthenia Gravis
ular
Junction Clinical correlation of NMJ Blockers

Describe the following characteristics of Lecture MCQ &

skeletal muscles SAQ

Muscle mass

Muscle fiber

Myofibril
Characteris Define and explain sarcomere in skeletal
tics of muscle
Skeletal
Muscle Describe the sarcotubular system

Discuss the characteristics of types of Lecture MCQ &

smooth muscles SAQ

Characteris Relate these functions of smooth muscle

tics of Compare the characteristics of skeletal,
smooth and smooth and cardiac muscle
cardiac
muscle

Describe the sequence of events of skeletal Lecture MCQ &

muscles contraction SAQ
Molecular Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle
Physiology basis of contraction

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skeletal Compare contracted with relaxed skeletal

muscle muscle
contraction Explain walk along theory of skeletal muscle
contraction.
Explain the process of excitation contraction
Excitation coupling in detail
contraction Describe the role of following in this process.
coupling
• Sarcolemma
• Transverse tubules
• Sarcotubular reticulum
Calcium ions

Neuromusc Classification of neuromuscular blocker Lecture MCQ &

ular SAQ
Describe mechanism of action, uses, adverse
blocker
drug reaction of depolarizing neuromuscular
blocking drugs
Describe malignant hyperthermia & its
treatment
Pharmacol
ogy
Neuromusc Classification of neuromuscular blocker SGD MCQ &
ular SAQ
Describe mechanism of action, uses, adverse
blocker
drug reaction of depolarizing neuromuscular
blocking drugs
Describe malignant hyperthermia & its
treatment
Describe mechanism of action, uses, adverse
drug reaction of non-depolarizing
neuromuscular blocking drugs

PHSIOLOG Characteris Compare the features of isometric and Lecture MCQ &
Y tics of isotonic muscle contraction. SAQ
skeletal Differentiate between fast and slow muscle
muscle fibers.
contraction

Pharmacol skeletal Classify skeletal muscle relaxant Lecture MCQ/

ogy muscle SAQ
Describe mechanism of action, uses, adverse
relaxant
drug reaction of spasmolytics

Classify skeletal muscle relaxant SGD MCQ/

SAQ
Describe mechanism of action, uses, adverse

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drug reaction of spasmolytics

Physiology Describe the phenomenon of Rigor Mortis Lecture MCQ/SA

Q
Explain the mechanism of complete and
incomplete tetanization.
Discuss the mechanism of summation and
tetanization.
Muscle Skill lab OSPE
twitch &
tenatanizati Demonstrate simple muscle twitch on a
on human subject with help of power lab
Oral Musculo- Explain musculoskeletal disease in dentists Tutorial MCQ/
Biology skeletal (MSD) SAQ
disease List Causes of MSD
in dentists
Discuss features of MSD
(MSD)
Identify the correct ergonomics
Pharmacol NSAID Classify NSAIDs Lecture MCQ/SA
ogy Q
Describe the mechanism of action of NSAIDs

Discuss the Shared Toxicities of NSAIDs

Describe the actions of Aspirin

Discuss the adverse effects of Aspirin

Differentiate between Non-Selective COX
Inhibitors and Selective COX-2 Inhibitors
Differentiate chemically & according to the mode
of action between Paracetamol and aspirin

Classify NSAIDs SGD

MCQ/
Describe the mechanism of action of NSAIDs SAQ
Discuss the Shared Toxicities of NSAIDs

Describe the actions of Aspirin

Discuss the adverse effects of Aspirin

Differentiate between Non-Selective COX
Inhibitors and Selective COX-2 Inhibitors
Differentiate chemically & according to the mode
of action between Paracetamol and aspirin

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Pharmacol Opioids I Classify opioid analgesics lecture MCQ/

ogy SAQ
Describe the mechanism of action of opioid
analgesics
Discuss the pharmacological actions of
opioids analgesics.
Enlist the therapeutic uses of opioid
analgesics and side effects of opioid
analgesics
Enumerate the contraindications

Opioids II Enlist opioid antagonist lecture MCQ/

Describe their mechanism of action SAQ
Enumerate their clinical uses & adverse
effects

Discuss the pharmacological actions of SGD MCQ/

opioids analgesics. SAQ
Enlist the therapeutic uses of opioid
analgesics and side effects of opioid
analgesics
Enumerate their clinical uses & adverse
effects of opioid antagonist
Biochemist Chemistry Define carbohydrates Interactive MCQ &
ry of CHO (I) Lecture SAQ
Classify carbohydrates

List the functions of carbohydrates

CHO (II) Describe isomerism in CHO Interactive MCQ &

Lecture SAQ
Describe the different isomers of

monosaccharides e.g., Galactose,

Mannose, fructose, dextrose

CHO (III) Describe important mono di and Interactive MCQ &

polysaccharides Lecture SAQ

Describe the role of lactose in infant

nutrition

Solution Define normal solution Skill Lab OSCE

preparatio
n Define standard solution

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Molar, molal and percent solution

Prepare of 0.9% NaCl

Calculation of (normal saline)

pH of buffers

Importance of pH

Biochemist Carbohydra Perform the laboratory test for qualitative Skill lab OSPE
ry te deduction of CHO (Benedict’s, Bradfort,
Salvonoff’s)
Describe the principle of these tests.

Classificati Define lipids Interactive MCQ &

on of lipids lecture SAQ
Classify lipids

Embryolog Second Discuss Process of Implantation Interactive MCQ &

y Week of Lecture SAQ
Developme List the Normal & Abnormal Sites of
nt Implantation

Describe The Formation of Bilaminar Disc

Explain The Formation of Syncytio &

Cytotrophoblast

Define Chorion
Discuss Role of Chorion in Formation of
Placenta

Embryolog 3rd Week Enumerate Events Taking Place in the 3rd Interactive MCQ &
y of Week Lecture SAQ
Developme
nt I Discuss the formation, function & fate of
notochord

Relate process of neurulation to

development OF CNS & PNS

3rd Week Enumerate derivatives of 3 germ layers Interactive MCQ &

of lecture SAQ
Developme Explain The Process of Gastrulation
nt II Draw And Label Fate Map
Discuss The Formation of Intra and Extra
Embryonic Cavities

Anatomy 4th Week Enlist Events Of 4th Week Interactive MCQ &
of lecture SAQ
Developme

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nt Name The Various Types of Folding

Explain The Mechanism of Folding

Correlate Folding with Repositioning of

Various Intra Embryonic Structures

5.Anatomy Intra Explain The Formation of Intra Embryonic Lecture MCQ &
/Embryolo Embryonic Ceolom SAQ
gy Ceolom
Name Its Derivative

Bones & Define Bony Tissue Skill Lab + OSCE

cartilage SGD
Introduction And Classification of Bones

Classify Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

Describe General Features of Long Bone

Explain Growing End Hypothesis with

Examples

Differentiate Between Cartilage & Bone

Classify Cartilage

Biochemist Minerals Introduction to all minerals SGD MCQ &

ry SAQ
Discuss the sources, functions, absorption & Lecture MCQ &
deficiency of Ca. SAQ
Calcium
Justify the role of calcitonin, PTH and vitamin
D in calcium hemostasis.

Biochemist Classify Minerals Lecture MCQ &

ry SAQ
Minerals Describe the normal concentration, sources
and related disorders of
macrominerals.(Na,K,Ca,Cl,PO4),

Describe the normal concentration, sources

and related disorders of
microminerals.(Fe,Zn,Mg,Se,I,Cu,Cr,Cd,Mn),

Discuss the sources, functions, absorption & Lecture MCQ &

deficiency of Ca. SAQ
Calcium
Justify the role of calcitonin, PTH and vitamin
D in calcium hemostasis.

Describe briefly water soluble and fat- SGD MCQ &

soluble vitamins SAQ

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Vitamin Define Vitamins Lecture MCQ &

SAQ
Classify Vitamins

List biochemical names of fat-soluble

vitamins and water soluble vitamins.

Describe their sources ,normal requirement,

biochemical functions and related disorders

Vitamin D Identify different forms of vitamin D. SGD OSPE

Describe the hydroxylation reactions of

vitamin D.

Anatomy Joints classify Synovial Joints. Skill lab OSPE

+SGD
Give examples of each type.

Identify different types of joints on models

Pathology Define necrosis Interactive MCQ &

Necrosis I Lecture SAQ
Describe the types of necrosis.

Identify the types of necrosis by solving SGD

clinical scenarios OSPE

Pathology Intra Explain mechanism of intracellular Interactive MCQ &

cellular accumulation. lecture SAQ
accumulati
on Explain mechanism of different types of
accumulations (glucose, proteins, pigments,
iron)
Elaborate intracellular accumulations with
examples.

Identify microscopically, the different intra Image OSPE

cellular accumulations. session

Pathology Define apoptosis. Interactive MCQ &

lecture + SAQ
Enlist the causes of apoptosis. SGD
Describe the morphologic & biochemical
changes in apoptosis.
Apoptosis
Briefly discuss the mechanism of apoptosis.
i.e.:

a) the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.

b) the extrinsic pathway.

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Pathology Define ROS/free radicals Interactive MCQ &

Free Lecture SAQ
radicals/re Enlist oxygen derived free radicals
active Describe mechanism of generation of free
oxygen radicals
species
Describe mechanism of removal of free
Oxidative radicals, antioxidants
stress
Describe pathological effect of free radicals

Pathology Define the pathologic calcification. Interactive MCQ/SA

lecture Q
Describe the types of pathologic calcification.
Calcificatio
n Identify microscopically, the types of
pathologic calcification.

Oral Anatomical Clinically relate anatomical and clinical SGD MCQ/

Biology and clinical crown. OSPE
crown
Tooth Clinically relate wearing of teeth.
Wearing Perform dental age assessment using
Developme photographs, casts and radiographs.
nt off
Assess developmental/eruption
Dentition
and status/eruption chronology and eruption
sequence
Occlusion

Oral Tooth Discuss the nomenclature of teeth on Lecture MCQ &

biology morpholog photographs, casts and OPG. SAQ
y

Number primary and permanent teeth SGD OSPE

according to various numbering systems

Oral Tooth Skill lab OSPE

Identify the teeth by understanding their
biology Morpholog
morphological features (maxillary incisors)
y

Identify the teeth by understanding their Skill lab OSPE

morphological features (mandibular
incisors)

Discuss the anomalies of anterior teeth lecture SAQ/

MCQ
Communit Introductio Define Dental Public Health lecture + MCQ/SA
y dentistry n to SGD Q

FOUNDATION MODULE 22
 FOUNDATION MODULE INTEGRATED CURRICULUM

Community Outline criteria used to determine if a condition

Dentistry is a public health problem

Explain duties of community health worker

Differentiate between individual vs public

health practice

Communit Outline the importance and relevance of Lecture + MCQ/

y dentistry prevention in dental practice DSL SAQ
Public Understand levels of prevention
health
approaches Correlate application of levels of prevention
to
prevention Describe preventive services provided by public
health sector

Introductio Classify and appropriately display and lecture+ MCQ/SA

n to summarize different types of data. Tutorial + Q
biostatistic DSL
s Identify measures of central tendencies

Understand concepts of variation and standard

Communit deviation
y dentistry
Understand concept of hypothesis testing and
comparing data

Analyzing and comparing continuously

measured data and simple categorical data
Communit Introduction Understand the types and methods of research Lecture + MCQ/SA
y dentistry to research Tutorial Q
methods Differentiate between quantitative and
qualitative research methods

Differentiate between observational and

Experimental Study

Elaborate the steps of research

Dental Summarize the reasons and importance of Interactive MCQ/

material gaining knowledge of science of dental lecture SAQ
Introductio materials.
n to Dental knowledgeable in the science of dental
Materials materials.
Discuss four characteristics or properties a
dental material must possess to survive in

FOUNDATION MODULE 23
 FOUNDATION MODULE INTEGRATED CURRICULUM

the oral environment.

Classify dental materials, and discuss each.

"Explain how the following organizations

evaluate and/or classify dental drugs,
materials, instruments, and equipment:

American Dental Association (ADA), U.S.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) &
International Standards Organization (ISO)"

Name three ways dental materials may be

classified, and discuss each

Discuss four characteristics or properties a Tutorial

dental material must possess to survive in
the oral environment.

Demonstrate the correct use of personal Skill lab OSPE

safety measures in dental laboratory

Identify the different materials available in

dental material lab

Dental List the phases into which materials are Interactive MCQ/
Material classified. lecture SAQ

Discuss the varying amounts of attraction

between the molecules and atoms of each
phase

Recall the differentiating characteristics of

each phase.

Explain the basic difference between

Structure of primary and secondary bonds.
dental Name the three types of primary bonds and
material describe the differences between them.
Summarize the similarities and differences of
secondary bonds, which include permanent
dipoles, hydrogen bonds, and fluctuating
dipoles.

Contrast the bonding characteristics of

metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites.
Compare any similarities and differences of
colloids and emulsions.

Contrast the bonding characteristics of Tutorials MCQ/

FOUNDATION MODULE 24
 FOUNDATION MODULE INTEGRATED CURRICULUM

metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites. SAQ

Compare any similarities and differences of

colloids and emulsions.

Recall the basic knowledge of color variant Skill lab OSPE

Demonstrate the color matching technique

with the help of shade guide

Identify different variants of colors by using

shade guide

Dental Tabulate the difference between Interactive MCQ/

materials transparency, translucency and opacity lecture SAQ

Discuss the interaction of light and matter

Summarize the three dimensions of color

Explain the factors affecting color

appearance and selection
Distinguish between thermal conductivity
and thermal diffusivity and give its clinical
correlation in dentistry
Briefly describe the coefficient of thermal
expansion and explain it with examples
Basic Tabulate the difference between heat of
properties fusion, latent heat of fusion and specific heat
of dental
material Differentiate between melting and freezing
temperature

Briefly describe the dimensional accuracy

and explain it with example

Define density and give its clinical

correlation in dentistry

Summarize fluidity, viscosity and plasticity

Define water sorption and explain it with the
help of examples

Distinguish between tarnish and corrosion

Summarize the different types of corrosion
with examples

Demonstrate the use of different instruments Skill lab OSPE

in lab

FOUNDATION MODULE 25
 FOUNDATION MODULE INTEGRATED CURRICULUM

Behavioral Understand variety of principles influencing Lecture + MCQ/SA

sciences human behavior. DSL + SDL Q

Understand concepts of psychology,

Introductio sociology and anthropology
n to
Describe elements of Holistic approach
Behavioral
Sciences Differentiate between concepts of holistic
and allopathic medicine

Understand importance of behavior in

medical diagnosis and treatment

Elaborate different healthcare models Lecture + MCQ/SA

Healthcare DSL + SDL Q
models and Analyze importance and drawbacks of
their different models
clinical
application Understand concept of Bio-Psycho-Social
s (BPS) model

Understand importance of integration of BPS

model

Understand concept of professionalism Lecture + MCQ/SA

Professiona
DSL + SDL Q
lism in Understand attitude required and methods of
healthcare
patient management

FOUNDATION MODULE 26
 FOUNDATION MODULE INTEGRATED CURRICULUM

LEARNING RESOURCES

ANATOMY

• Regional anatomy by Snell

• Snell Neuroanatomy

• Histology by Laiq Hussain

• Embryology by Langmans

PHYSIOLOGY

• Text book of Medical Physiology by Guyton & Hall 13th Edition.

• Essentials of Medical Physiology, Jaypee, 6th Edition

• Human Physiology, Author Sherwood, 8th Edition

• Introduction to Psychology by Edward E. Smith

BIOCHEMISTRY

• Clinical Biochemistry Volume 1 & 2 by Professor Kamran Aziz


• Clinical Biochemistry by Marshal & Tietz.


• Clinical Biochemistry Case Presentation Seminar [CPC].


• Biochemistry Laboratory with Spectrophotometer/Flame photometer/basic lab

• Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry 28th Ed. 


• Textbook of Biochemistry by Stryer.

PATHOLOGY

• Robbins Basic Pathology by Vinay Kumar, Abul Abbas, Jon Aster

PHARMACOLOGY

• Lippincott Pharmacology, 6th Edition

• Katzung Pharmacology, 14th Edition

ORAL BIOLOGY

• Oral Histology- Development, Structure and Function by A.R. Ten Cate. 6th Edition

FOUNDATION MODULE 27
 FOUNDATION MODULE INTEGRATED CURRICULUM

• Orban’s Oral Histology and Embryology. S.N. Bhaskar


• Concise Dental Anatomy and Morphology. James L. Fuller.

• Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy and Morphology, Major M. Ash

• Maji Jose Manual of Oral histology & Oral pathology

Community dentistry

• Textbook of preventive and community dentistry by Josephn John (3rd edition)

• Textbook of public health dentistry by S.S. Hiremath (3rd edition)

Behavioral Sciences

• Handbook of behavioral sciences by Mowadat H rana

Dental Materials

• Phillips’s science of dental material

• Restorative dental material by Robert G. Craig and John M. Power

• Skinners’ science of dental materials

• Chemistry of dental material by Mc Cabe

• Notes on dental material by M.C. Comb

• Science of dental materials by William and Cunningham

FOUNDATION MODULE 28
 FOUNDATION MODULE INTEGRATED CURRICULUM

TOTAL HOURS OF TEACHING

SUBJECTS KNOWLEDGE SKILL TOTAL IN

SUBJECTS
INTERACTIVE SGD Tutorial PBL SKILL LAB
LECTURE
Anatomy 29 2 1 58 90

Physiology 27 7 1 20 55

BIOCHEMISTRY 35 8 12 55

Oral Biology 12 10 12 34

PHARMACOLOGY 10 10 2 22

PATHOLOGY 20 5 4 29

Dental Materials 3 2 20 25

Community 5 4 6 15
dentistry

Behavioral 3 7 10
sciences

Islamyat/ Pak 15 15
studies

TOTAL HOURS 350

OF MODULE

FOUNDATION MODULE 29