LEGAL MEDICINE 7.
Maria filed a petition on a legitimate child (this is a
Preliminary Examinations
AY 2015 – 2016, First Semester
1. This is the basis of the psychological stress
evaluator or voice status analysis test:
- Presence of audible amplitude
modulation (AM) and inaudible but
recordable frequency nodulation (FM)
2. In a person under stress, which disappears and is
NOT recorded isometrically
- Inaudible frequency modulation (FM)
3. The word association test is:
- A test of personality and mental
function in which the subject is
required to respond to each of a series
of words, and the first word that comes
to mind is considered, or with a word
and a specified class of words
4. Which of the following is not recorded by a
polygraph?
- Voice Status
5. Pedro was accused of stealing PHP 100,000.00
from the municipal office’s vault. Which of the
following is considered an irrelevant question?
- Did you eat sausages for dinner on
July 17?
6. Juan was acquitted because the prosecution failed
to overcome his presumption of innocence by
proof beyond reasonable doubt. The principle
applied here is:
- Equipoise Rule
- The equipoise rule states that the party
that accuses another of the crime
bears the burden of proof. For
example, in criminal cases, unless the
constitutional presumption of
innocence is overruled by proof
beyond reasonable doubt, the
accusing party loses.
civil case). Which of the following is NOT a
characteristic of a civil case?
- A constitutional provision of
presumption of innocence is always a
guarantee.
- This provision is for CRIMINAL CASES.
8. Judge Dred acquitted Mario for violation of the
Revised Penal Code because the prosecution
failed to prove his guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Which is NOT a characteristic of a proof beyond
reasonable doubt?
- This is applied in a civil case as in the
case above.
- The case above is FELONY, a
CRIMINAL CASE.
9. Substantial evidence is required in:
- Administrative Cases
10. In civil cases, the quantum of proof is
preponderance of evidence. Which of the following
is NOT considered in its determination?
- The respondent’s prior felonious acts
must be recalled.
11. Dr. Solis was called by the court to elucidate on his
autopsy report findings the cause of death of the
victim. In this scenario, the evidence being used is:
- Testimonial Evidence
12. At the crime scene, several empty bullet shells
were recovered. Which of the following statement
is NOT true?
- The bullets in this case are
documentary evidence.
13. Some real evidences may not be delivered to the
senses of the court for various reasons. The
following real evidences may not be presented to
the court during public hearing EXCEPT:
- The hospital records of Don Miguel in
the probate of his will to show that at
the time he made the will he is suffering
from a mental condition
- This is a documentary evidence only
and is NOT repulsive. Evidence that
should not be presented in the court
are those that may be repulsive (ex.
decapitated head, pictures of the rape
victim, etc.).
14. Which of the following is an appropriate match?
- Administrative Cases: Substantial
Evidence
- Civil Cases: Preponderance of
Evidence
- Criminal Cases: Proof Beyond
Reasonable Doubt
15. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a
criminal proceeding?
- An offer of compromise is NOT taken
as an admission of guilt.
16. Which of the following does NOT fall under the
science of forensic medicine?
- Medical Jurisprudence
17. Which of the following is NOT a concern from the
medical practitioner’s perspective?
- All injuries, no matter how trivial, is a
concern of physical assessment.
18. The tenets of a physician-patient relationship are
covered in the study of
- Medical Jurisprudence
19. Which is NOT an element of a crime scene
investigation?
- The court room scenario must be
utilized.
20. This type of search goes from north to south and
then from east to west:
- Grid Search
21. The SOCO team was asked to investigate and
gather pieces of evidence in a killing field in
Mindanao. The most practical search pattern to be
used is:
- Parallel Search
22. Every contact leaves a trace involves the principle
called:
- Locard’s Exchange Principle
- This principle is usually applied when
a certain evidence is obtained from the
crime scene. The evidence should be
subjected to an inviolable CHAIN OF
CUSTODY, that is, the evidence has to
be handed over to a series of
investigators.
23. Which of the following is NOT a part of the crime
scene?
- Examiner
- The crime scene consists of the
VICTIM, SUSPECT, and the PHYSICAL
EVIDENCE.
24. Which is the object of the evidence triangle?
- Physical Evidence
25. Physical evidence that are body materials are the
following EXCEPT:
- Bullet Holes
26. Physical evidences that are object evidences are
the following EXCEPT:
- Fingerprints
27. Physical evidences that are called impressions are
the following EXCEPT:
- Dents and Breaks
28. A woman was abducted from her house. She was
brought to an uninhabited place where she was
killed. She was then brought to the assailant’s
house where she was buried in a shallow grave.
The secondary crime scene in the case given is:
- Shallow Grave in the House
- Primary Crime Scene: Uninhabited
Place
29. A 32-year old male inmate at the Muntinlupa
Penitentiary was seen slopped at the bathroom
floor. For autopsy purposes, what type of autopsy
is this?
- Medicolegal or Official Autopsy
30. Which does not characterize the type of autopsy
answered above?
- A consent is mandatory.
31. Jason, a 22 year old male died from SARS. He
weighs 90 kilograms. What is the expected time of
cremation?
- 2 Hours
- Formula: Weight/45kg (45kg=1hour)
32. Authorities suspected of carbon monoxide
poisoning. Local authorities decided to exhume
the body. As the forensic pathologist, how much
soil on each side has to be taken for toxicology?
- 500 grams
33. He was the one who established the standard
procedures for autopsy:
- Virchow
- The AUTOPSY ROOM in hospitals is
otherwise known as the VIRCHOW’S
ROOM.
34. A 65 year old male died of sudden death. An
autopsy was requested to determine the cause of
death. As the pathologist, what is the most
common procedure applied that involves an “en
masse” resection of the body organs?
- Rokitansky Method
35. In which situation is a forensic autopsy NOT
performed?
- Dulce died from a terminal stage
cancer.
36. These are the reason for the drop of rate of
autopsy cases from the physicians’ end EXCEPT:
- Cost of the autopsy
- This is from the relatives’ end.
37. These are the reason for the drop of rate of
autopsy cases from the end of the relatives
EXCEPT:
- There is an increase in malpractice
suits.
- This is a concern from the physicians’
end.
38. The medicolegal certificate in an autopsy consists
of the following:
- Immediate, Underlying, and
Antecedent Causes of Death
39. A skeletonized human form is dug up from a
shallow grave. Which of the following is NOT
helpful in the sex determination of the skeletal
remains?
- Cranial Sutures
- Cranial sutures are used for AGE
determination.
- For purposes of sex determination, we
use the SKULL, STERNUM, and
PELVIS.
40. The art and science of recording fingerprints for
the purpose of identification:
- Dactylography
41. Dactyloscopy is defined as:
- The science and study of identification
of fingerprints through comparison
- This was not the exact answer in the
examinations, but is the definition
provided in the lecture. This item was
contested to be discarded because of
the erroneous answer which actually
referred to DACTYLOGRAPHY.
42. The sample handwriting of Jessa revealed that
she is a persevering person. This method of
studying a person’s handwriting to determine his
character is called?
- Graphology
43. This method was useful only when a part of the
fingerprint is present:
- Poroscopy
- This is also known as LOCARD’S
METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION.
44. Fingerprints, being oil-based, are not volatile. How
long do fingerprints stay on a surface if not
deliberately removed?
- For YEARS
45. For the following, which characteristic of a person
is NOT easily changed?
- Voice
46. Successive heel prints of a person is measured at
20 inches. What is the presumption?
- The person is running.
- A person is presumed running if the
stride length measures at least 40 cm.
In this case, the stride length of 20
inches is ~40 cm. Thus, it is presumed
that the person must have been
running. A measurement of <40cm
indicates that the person is walking.
47. At the crime scene some materials noted to be
black, curly, and singed were noted to be hair
strands. What is this initial process?
- Identification
48. Further examination revealed that these hair
strands were human pubic hair. This process is
called:
- Individualization
49. Standards that are used to compare from those
evidence obtained from the crime scene are
known as:
- Exemplars
50. A storm surge hit Tacloban. Thousands died and
a hundred more were reported to be missing. This
event is known as what and is characterized by:
- Mass Disaster – deaths of more than 12
in a single event
51. For all intents and purposes and for purposes of
opening his estate, Mr. Santos, 45 years old,
should be missing for a period of:
- 10 years
52. At the site of a mass disaster, several persons
were piled upon each other. Primary evidences
that may be used to identify them from one another
are the following EXCEPT:
- Clothing
- Primary: DNA, Dental Records,
Fingerprints
53. The body of a certain Mr. Grey was positively
identified. What is the presidential decree requiring
all dentists to have a radiographic copy of their
clients’ dental make-up?
- P.D. 1575
54. Fingerprints are unique and no two persons would
have the same prints. When do they start to
appear?
- 4th Month of Gestation
55. This law states that the greater the number of
similarities and differences, the greater is the
chance of conclusion for the purpose of
identification to be correct.
- Law on Multiplicity of Evidence
56. Stature as method of identification can be applied
in both the living and the dead. What is the
difference between the stature of a living person
and a dead person?
- 2-3 cm
57. The presence of signs of inflammation can be
used to differentiate antemortem from postmortem
injuries. These are known as:
- Vital Reactions
58. Scientifically it has been found out that if soft
tissues, periosteum, and ligaments are found, the
body is said to be generally within:
- Less than 5 years
59. A material apparently made of rubber to doughy
texture was found at the crime scene. Applying
some chemical tests revealed that the material
was indeed made of rubber. This process is called:
- Isolation
60. Bite marks are found to be three-dimensional in
this material:
- Food
61. At the crime scene a femoral bone is found.
Examination revealed ossification. The
presumptions are:
- The person is a full-term AND the sex
cannot be determined through the
process of ossification.
62. Which is NOT a characteristic of a ‘spoken
picture’?
- It is NOT a directory of missing
persons.
63. A 9-cm dead fetus is approximated to be at what
age?
- 3 months
- For fetuses < 25 cm: get the square
root = age in months
- For fetuses > 25 cm: divide by 5 = age
in months
64. A fetus was found to be 45 cms. What is the
approximate age?
- 9 months
65. A forensic pathologist needs to obtain the
fingerprints from a dead washer woman’s hands.
What does he need to inject to obtain accurate
prints?
- Glycerin
66. A dismembered body was found. The head
measures 20 cm. What is the approximate height
of the individual?
- 160 cm
- RULE: Length of the Head x 8 =
Approximate Height
67. Not far from this was a half torso. What can NOT
be used in approximating the height of the
individual?
- Twice the length from the vertex of the
skull to the symphysis pubis
68. The distance between the tip of the middle fingers
of a person with outstretched hands was noted to
be 147 cm. What is the person’s approximated
height?
- 147 cm
- RULE: Distance between middle
fingers in outstretched hands =
Approximate Height
69. Assuming that the biparietal diameter is 24 cm and
the occipitofrontal diameter is 48 cm, the cephalic
index is:
- 50
- Formula: BPD/OFD = Cephalic Index
- CI < 70: Dolichocephaly (Long Headed)
- CI > 86: Brachycephaly (Short Headed)
70. For purposes of age determination from skeletal
remains, which of the following is most valuable?
- Cranial sutures
71. Nitrogen content of new bones:
- 4.0 – 4.5 g %
72. At a distance, a femoral bone was recovered. The
bone measured more than 45. What is the
presumption?
- The person to whom the bone
belonged to is a male.
73. Files from criminal records in comparison to a
drawn picture is called:
- Rogue’s gallery
74. Muhammad Ali was diagnosed to have
Parkinson’s disease. He would most likely have:
- Cerebellar Gait
75. This law states that the greater the number of
similarities and differences, the greater is the
chance of conclusion for the purpose of
identification to be correct.
- Law on Multiplicity of Evidence
76. The farthest allowable distance at which a person
may be identified under a moonlit sky:
- 16 – 17 yards
77. A flash of light was seen, with a gunshot sound. At
what minimum distance should a person be for him
to accurately say that he saw the gun fire?
- 2 feet with 2 inches inscriptions
78. A scar that is reddish and tender may be
considered how many weeks old?
- 2 weeks
79. At the crime scene, a salvage victim was
examined for multiple needle marks. The
presumption is:
- The person is a drug user.

80. Using the rules of identification, which of the

following carries more weight?
- DNA Analysis

81. Pipe smokers would have what type of body

marking?
- Oval-shaped notch at the teeth

82. This expresses the line of path of an individual:

- Direction Line

83. Parameter that is considered a zigzag line:

- Gait Line

84. A longitudinal line drawn on each foot mark is

called:
- Foot Line

85. This refers to the distance between two outer

contours of succeeding footmarks:
- Breadth of Step

86. Writing on the board is an example of:

- Whole Arm Movement

87. Identification of persons is necessary in the

following EXCEPT:
- To pin down the suspect in a crime
- Identification of a person does not
automatically mean conviction. A trial
has to ensue to prove guilt beyond
reasonable doubt.

88. Human beings stop growing at the age of:

- 25