PUORG 4 KEEW

TRANSPORTATION MODEL

AND

MAINTENANCE STRATEGY

Presented By:
Ajimudin
Enriquez
Hajili
Jaji
 PRESENTATION OUTLINE
TOPICS TO DISCUSS

1- TRANSPORTATION 3. PROBLEM AND 5. MAINTENANCE 7. IMPORTANCE OF

MODEL SOLUTION STRATEGY MAINTENANCE

PUORG 4 KEEW
2. APPLICATION AND 4. METHODS TO SOLVE 6. TYPES AND ITS 8. BEN EFI TS AND
ASSUMPTIONS BREAKDOWN OBJ ECT IVE S
TRANSPORTATION

MODEL

PRESENTED BY:
MARY LEE JAJI
ARNAIDA HAJILI
INTRODUCTION

Transportation model used to analyze transportation

systems and find the most efficient route

It can be used to help resolve distribution and location

decisions

Importance of Transportation Model

THE MODEL REQUIRES ONLY A FEW DATA
ELEMENTS:

Origin of supply
Destination
Unit cost of shipping (per-unit cost)

Transportation Model
 Develop an optimized
shipping plan that comes
with a minimum of cost

Transportation Model
 Items are homogeneous
Shipping costs per unit are the same,
no matter the quantity
Only one route is chosen between
origin and destination

Assumptions of Transportation Model

 Minimize the transportation cost from source to
destination.
Determine lowest cost location for new industries,
offices, warehouse, etc.
Determine the number of products to be
manufactured according to demand.
Courier Services: Helps in taking proper decisions to
find the best route for transportation.

Industrial applications of Transportation Model

• A product is to be transported from a number of sources to a number of destinations at the
minimum possible cost.

• Each source is able to supply a fixed number of units of the product, and each destination
has a fixed demand for the product.

• The linear programming model has constraints for supply at each source and demand at
each destination.

• All constraints are equalities in a balanced transportation model where supply equals
demand.

• Constraints contain inequalities in unbalanced models where supply is not equal to demand.

Characteristics of Transportation Model

 MODES OF

TRANSPORTATION

MODEL

Road Transportation
Maritime Transportation
Air Transportation
Rail Transportation
Intermodal Transportation
(Multimodal)
Pipeline

 WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

Transportation problem is a special kind of Linear Programming Problem (LPP) in which

goods are transported from a set of sources to a set of destinations subject to the supply

and demand of the sources and destination respectively such that the total cost of

transportation is minimized. It is also sometimes called as Hitchcock problem. An

alternative objective is to maximize the profit of shipping goods, in which case the

problems are called maximizing.

 BALANCED
SMELBORP NOITATROPSNART FO SEPYT

When both supplies and demands are equal then

the problem is said to be a balanced transportation
problem

UNBALANCED
When the supply and demand are not equal then it
is said to be an unbalanced transportation
problem. In this type of problem, either a dummy
row or a dummy column is added according to the
requirement to make it a balanced problem. Then
it can be solved similar to the balanced problem.
METHODS TO SOLVE:
To find the initial basic feasible solution there are three methods

1. NORTHWEST 2. LEAST CALL 3.VOGEL’S

CORNER CELL CELL METHOD APPROXIMATION
METHOD METHOD (VAM)

NORTH-WEST CORNER RULE
is a method adopted to
compute the initial feasible
solution of the transportation
problem. The name North-west
corner is given to this method
because the basic variables are
selected from the extreme left
corner.
LEAST COST METHOD
is another method used to
obtain the initial feasible
solution for the
transportation problem. Here,
the allocation begins with the
cell which has the minimum
cost. The lower cost cells are
chosen over the higher-cost
cell with the objective to have
the least cost of
transportation.
VOGEL’S APPROXIMATION
METHOD (VAM)
is an iterative procedure
calculated to find out the
initial feasible solution of the
transportation problem. Like
Least cost Method, here also
the shipping cost is taken into
consideration, but in a relative
sense.
MAINTENANCE

STRATEGY
PRESENTED BY:
AJIMUDIN, ROZELLIER P.
ENRIQUEZ, JOHN DERICK K
it is often explained as a decision rule that has
to determine the order of necessary actions
which should be performed in order to keep the
system which we are using in the company WHAT IS
working properly.

It provides information about scheduling and it MAINTENANCE

can be assigned to as many tasks (for
example project manager's tasks) as needed.
STRATEGY
Maintenance strategies are meant to improve
quality and productivity while reducing costs of
operations.

INTRODUCTION

A long-term plan, covering all aspects of

maintenance management, which sets
the direction for annual maintenance
program and contains firm action plans
for achieving a desired future state for
the organization.

Maintenance Strategy
 Maintenance Strategy Plan
S

A maintenance strategy plan defines the rules for the sequence of planned
maintenance work. It contains general scheduling information, and can therefore
be assigned to as many maintenance task lists and maintenance plans as required.
STRATEGY SCHEDULING SCHEDULING MAINTENANCE
HEADER PARAMETERS INDICATORS PACKAGES

The Structure of a Maintenance Strategy Plan

 BREAKDOWN
(REACTIVE)
MAINTENANCE

PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE

PREDICTIVE
MAINTENANCE

Types of Maintenance

Strategy
RELIABILITY
- CENTERED
MAINTENANCE
 Also known as breakdown or run-to-
failure, refers to repairs that are done
BREAKDOWN
when equipment has already broken
down, in order to restore the equipment
(REACTIVE)
to its normal operating condition.(fix
MAINTENANCE things when they break.)

No actions or efforts are taken to

maintain the equipment as the designer
originally intended to ensure design life
PROS:
Lower short-term costs
is reached.
Minimal planning required
Simple and easy to understand when maintenance is
Two types of Breakdown Maintenance
required
CONS: 1. Planned
Can be difficult to pinpoint source of issues 2. Unplanned
Unpredictability
 The regular and routine maintenance of
PREVENTIVE/ equipment and assets in order to keep
them running and prevent any costly
PREVENTING unplanned downtime from unexpected
equipment failure.
MAINTENANCE
A successful maintenance strategy
requires planning and scheduling
maintenance of equipment before a
PROS:
Improved Safety
problem occurs. A good preventive
Greater Equipment Lifespan maintenance plan also involves keeping
Improved Productivity
records of past inspections and the
Reduced Costs
Fewer unexpected breakdown servicing of equipment.
CONS:
Budget Constraints Type of Preventive Maintenance
Resources Required Time-based maintenance
Time-Consuming Usage-based maintenance
 Aims to predict failures before they
PREDICTIVE happen so maintenance can occur at
just the right time and uses data from
MAINTENANCE machine sensors and smart technology
to alert the maintenance team when a

piece of equipment is at risk of failing.

A technique that uses data analysis
tools and techniques to detect anomalies

in your operation and possible defects in

equipment and processes so you can fix
PROS: them before they result in failure
Improved worker and environmental safety.
Increased component operational life/ availability.
Product quality.

CONS
Increased investment in staff training.
 A corporate-level maintenance strategy
RELIABILITY- that is implemented to optimize the
maintenance program of a company or
CENTERED facility. The final result of an RCM
program is the implementation of a
MAINTENANCE
specific maintenance strategy on each
of the assets of the facility.

The maintenance strategies are

optimized so that the productivity of the
PROS:
plant is maintained using cost-effective
RCM increases equipment availability, and reduces
maintenance and resource costs. maintenance techniques.
CONS:
Can have significant start-up cost, training, equipment,
etc.
Savings potential not readily seen by management.
 SUMMARY
Maintenance Strategy
 The Maintenance Planning
and Schedule Process
Identify Plan Schedule Execute Record
Work Work Work Work History

Analyse
Performance

Basic Maintenance Management Process

MAINTENANCE STRATEGY

WHY DOES AN EQUIPMENT FAIL

1.Over-stressed components.
2.Physical attack.
3. Errors or mistakes.
4.Poor design choices or poor factory quality.
5.Lack of maintenance and care.
There are a few objectives that a maintenance manager should seek to accomplish. These objectives
are to control costs, to schedule work properly and efficiently, and to ensure that the company
complies with all regulations.

Control Costs and Budget

Comply with Regulations
Plan Maintenance Work
Ensure Personnel Safety
Minimize Equipment Failure and Production Downtime
Extend Useful Machine Life
Improve Product Quality
Develop Improved Policies, Procedures, and Standards
To reduce overtime
Training

Objectives of Maintenance Strategy

WHY MAINTENANCE

STRATEGIES IS IMPORTANT

Maintenance Strategy is an important factor in quality assurance and in some

cases determines the long-term success of a company. Poorly maintained
resources can cause instability and partially or completely pause the
production.

Malfunctioning machines or complete breakdowns can become a costly process

for most companies.
NOITATNESERP FO DNE

ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!