Group 1 Transportation Economics (Test Questionnaire)

Identification
1. The study of movement of people and goods over space and time.
Transportation Economics
2. A graphical representation of the relationship between the price of good
and service and the quantity demanded for a given period of time.
Demand Curve
3. It represents the supply-price relationship given a set of conditions specific
to the transportation product in question, and its producers. Supply Curve
4. It is when external forces cause a disruption in a market's supply and
demand equilibrium. Disequilibrium
5. It is the type of road charging that involves monitoring the actual time or
distance of vehicle travel and charging appropriately. Direct Charging
6. The method or process of ascertaining the relationship between costs and
outputs in a way which is useful for making decisions (managerial, strategic,
regulatory policy etc.). Costing
7. These are the most commonly used type of road charging in today’s
society because of the high volume of usage and ease of collection.
Indirect Charging
8. It refers to the cost characteristic that a single firm multi-product technology
is less costly than a single product multi-firm technology. Economies of
Scope
9. It is an attempt to reduce traffic and pollution by charging higher prices to
travel in certain areas of a city. Congestion Pricing
10. It is a type of cost analysis which uses deductive (economic) vs inductive
(engineering) approaches to estimate the variable cost of a block of traffic,
or traffic on a particular line. Disaggregate Cost Analysis
11. It is a type of cost analysis which estimates econometric cost functions and
allows one to estimate the changes in productive efficiency over time.
Aggregate Cost Analysis
12. It examines how transportation investment affects the economy.
Productivity
13. It is the money generated from road charges used to pay for the
construction, operation, and maintenance of transportation networks.
Revenue
14. It is a more predictable way to tax property based solely on the value of a
parcel of land and not any associated buildings. Land Value Tax
15. It refers to a long run average cost curve which slopes down as the size of
the transport firm increases. Economies of Scale
Enumeration
Factors affecting Transportation Costs

1. Standards
2. Scale Economies
3. Change of Scope
4. Principal-agent Problems
5. Project Duration

Economic Regulation in Transport

1. Price Regulation
2. Rate of Return Regulation
3. Condition of Service Regulation
4. Entry and Exit Regulation

Types of Productivity

1. Macroscopic Productivity
2. Microscopic Productivity

Reasons that road pricing is not more widespread

1. Technical issues
2. Political
3. Equity issues
4. Privacy concerns
Group 2 Questionairre:
Identification:
1. It deals with movement of people in vehicles other than their own, and includes non-
personalized modes like buses, trains, trams, and other intermediate modes of transport.
(Public transport)
2. It means non-personalized passenger transport in hired modes such as taxis, vans,
minibuses, autorickshaws, rickshaws (three-wheeler cycles). (Intermediate Public
Transport)
3. It means mass movement of passengers by road or rail in cities (Rapid Transport)
4. What is the meaning of NHTSA? (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration)
5. The ability for an employee to complete work assignments from outside the traditional
workplace. (telecommuting)
6. Strategies that reduce transportation-related air pollution, GHG emissions, and fuel use
by reducing vehicle miles traveled and improving roadway operations. (Transportation
Control Measures)
7. Oil demand in 2000 is growing due to what? (Aviation and Diesel fuel)
8. How many years will liquid fuels last according to analysts? (1500 years)
9. According to oak ridge national library, what vehicle is the greatest contributor of CO2?
(Motors)
10. What does OPEC mean? (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)

Multiple Choice:
1. It is applied to individual highway facilities, groups of facilities, and entire transportation
systems at the city, state, and national levels.
A) Quantify
B) Qualify
C) Transportation Model
D) Traffic Model

2. It includes infrastructure, administration, vehicles, and users and can be viewed from various
aspects, including engineering, economics, and societal issues.
A) Traffic Model
B) Quantify
C) Transportation
D) Network Model

3. It is a model that optimize transportation of commodities and focused on routing commodities

across a multimodal transportation network to minimize transportation costs and meet time
constraints.
A) Logistic Model
B) Transportation Model
C) Performance Model
D) Econometric Model

4. A majority of trips are work or business-related, transportation demand depends strongly on

the regional economy.
A) Demand Model
B) Transportation Model
C) Performance Model
D) Econometric Model
5. It can be defined as a single driver/vehicle with its second-by second interactions with the
road and other vehicles.
A) Evaluation
B) Transportation System
C) Transportation Model
D) Performance Model

6. It includes predicting future travel demands, identifying potential performance problems under
the future travel demands, and proposing general solutions of the anticipated transportation
problems.
A) Future Travel Demands
B) Regional Performance
C) Network Performance
D) Planning

Enumeration:
Reinforcing Pillars of Sustainability:
Answer:
• Economy system
• Environment system
• Social systems

Four Categories of Transportation Models:

Answer:
• Demand Models
• Network Models
• Traffic Models
• Performance Models
Types of Modelling Paradigms:
• Traditional Transportation Modelling Paradigm
• New Transportation Modelling Paradigm
Give examples of efforts to improve safety:
• Improved road geometry
• Imposed mandates to auto manufacturers for vehicular safety
• Improved compliance of the population with seatbelt use.
• Increased investment in medical technology.
• better sidewalks
• separate lanes for bicycles
• traffic calming
• other pedestrian protective technologies
Give 2 possible strategies to decrease GHG emission from transpo
• Continued development and promotion of clean, alternatively fueled vehicles
(AFVs)
• Continued alternative fuel vehicle infrastructure development
• Production and use of biomass to produce transportation fuels
• Pricing measures to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT)
• Higher fuel economy standards
• Alternative fuel vehicle incentives, including fuel subsidies and vehicle purchase
incentives
 • VMT taxes and congestion fees to reduce VMT
• Land use and transportation strategies to reduce congestion, improve air
quality, and reduce CO2 emissions

TRUE OR FALSE
1. True or False: Modeling is applied in all he areas of transportation engineering – planning,
design, and operations.
(True)
2. True or False: Design decisions are based on design policies and guidelines and are not
influenced by transportation modelling.
(False)

SELECTING A MODEL
3. Transportation models are used to produce specific results. If a model does not produce what
is needed or the results are insufficient to calculate the needed outcome, then such a model
cannot be used.
(Output Scope and Format)
4. A model is practical if it requires data that is feasible to obtain. An excessively detailed model
may impose difficulties of using default inputs, but an overly simplified model may defeat the
purpose.
(Scope of Input)
5. Even a valid model requires calibration if the local conditions differ from the ones for which
the model was developed and validated.
(Model Calibration)
6. The costs of transportation analysis include gathering and formatting data, running a model,
and documenting and reporting results
(Modeling Costs)
GROUP 3 QUESTIONNAIRE
HUMAN AND VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS

1. These include drivers, pedestrians, bicyclists, and passengers

Answer: Road users
2. It is the ability of individuals to resolve fine details of an object that has a relative angular
movement.
Answer: Dynamic visual acuity
3. This field may extend up to 90° to the right and left of the centerline of the pupil, and
up to 60° above and 70° below the line of sight.
Answer: Peripheral vision
4. The ability of an individual to estimate speed and distance. It also influences the
individual’s ability to differentiate between objects.
Answer: Depth Perception
5. Occurs when relatively bright light appears in the individual’s field of vision.
Answer: Direct glare
6. It is the period of time a driver perceives an obstruction, and the time action is taken to
avoid the object.
Answer: Perception reaction time
7. True or false. Heavier vehicles have lower rates of acceleration than passenger cars.
Answer: True
8. It is the minimum stopping sight distance includes both the reaction time and the
distance covered in stopping.
Answer: Safe Stopping sight distance
9. These are related to safe stopping distance which give emphasis on all vehicles at a
distance further away than one stopping sight distance from the signal when the Yellow
is flashed is assumed to be able to stop safely.
Answer: Clearance and change interval
10. This depends upon the stopping sight distance and reaction time of drivers. It says
that the driver should see the sign board from a distance at least equal to or greater than
the stopping sight distance.
Answer: Sign placement
11. It is a product of the characteristics of the driver, the vehicle and the roadway and so
this can vary with drivers and vehicles.
Answer: Stopping sight distance
12. According to _________, there are four (4) categories of vehicles, mainly:
Passenger curs, buses, trucks, and recreational vehicles.
Answer: AASHTO
13. The ________ is highly dependent on the design and class of the vehicle.
Answer: MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS
14. What are the five (5) vehicular dimensions that can affect the road and traffic
design?
Answer: WIDTH, HEIGHT, LENGTH, REAR OVERHANG, GROUND CLEARANCE
15. The _________ of the vehicle affects the clearance height of structures like over-
bridges, under-bridges and electric and other service lines and also placing of signs and
signals.
Answer: HEIGHT
16. The _________ is a measure of the ease with which a vehicle can move that
determines the operating efficiency of vehicles on the road and is more important for
heavy vehicles.
Answer: POWER TO WEIGHT RATIO
17. It is an important vehicular factor which affects the extra width of pavement,
minimum turning radius, safe overtaking distance, capacity and the parking facility.
ANS: LENGTH
18. What are the PRT Processes?
Answer: Perception-Interpretation-Evaluation-Volition
19. The sensitivity of glare (stare or frown) increases, with a significant change at what
age?
Answer: 40 years old
20. This is used to illuminate the physical features of the roadway and to aid in the
driving task.
Answer: ILLUMINATION
21. The expression of irregularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect the
ride quality of a vehicle.
Answer: PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS
22. Two types of Road Surface.
Answer: RIGID and FLEXIBLE
23. One of the essential factors in efficient roadway lighting.
Answer: PROPER DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT FLUX
24. _____________ colored pavements have better visibility during daytime.
Answer: LIGHT
25. The ______________ of road roughness is important for the management of
economic road maintenance.
Answer: MEASUREMENT
26. It is the ability of a person to resolve fine details of an object when both the person
and the object are stationary.
Answer: Static visual acuity
27. Observations of pedestrian movements have indicated that walking speeds vary
between _____ and _____.
Answer: 2.8 and 6.0 ft/s
28. This gains importance as they assist in general design of traffic facilities thereby
enhancing the safety and performance of roadways.
Answer: Design vehicles concept
29. Two factors to consider on human safety during post-crash situations
Answer: a. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
b. INCIDENT DETECTION AND ASSISTANCE
30. Four Vehicle Attributes that affect the Human-Vehicle-Environment Operating
System
Answer: a. MECHANICAL CONTROL
b. COMFORT
c. PROTECTION
d. INFORMATION SOURCES
 GROUP 4 QUESTIONNAIRE
TRAFFIC FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
I. Multiple Choice
1. Defined as time difference between any two successive vehicles when they cross a
given point
a. Distance Headway c. Travel Time
b. Time Headway d. Density
2. Defined as distance between corresponding points of two successive vehicles at any
given time.
a. Distance Headway c. Travel Time
b. Time Headway d. Density
3. Defined as the time taken to complete a journey.
a. Distance Headway c. Travel Time
b. Time Headway d. Density
4. Expressed as “vehicles per km”
a. Distance Headway c. Travel Time
b. Time Headway d. Density
5. Travel time is ___________ to speed
a. Directly Proportional c. Equal
b. Inversely Proportional d. Less than
6. Average headway is ___________ to flow
a. Directly Proportional c. Equal
b. Inversely Proportional d. Less than
7. What are the types of traffic flow?
i. Uninterrupted Flow
ii. Balanced Flow
iii. Interrupted flow
a. i & ii c. ii & iii
b. i & iii d. i, ii, & iii
8. Which statement is correct?
a. As density increases from 0, flow increases initially.
b. As density decreases from 0, flow increases initially.
c. If flow is 0, then minimum jam density is reached.
d. After the max flow point, flow increases as density increases.
9. Which is not a volume measurement?
a. Average annual daily traffic. c. Average weekday traffic.
b. Average weekend traffic. d. Average annual weekly traffic.
10. Which statement is true?
a. If flow is 1, maximum speed is available.
b. As flow increases from 0, speed decreases initially.
c. After the minimum flow point, speed decreases as flow decreases.
d. If flow is 0, minimum speed is available.
11. This is the average 24-hour traffic volume at a given location over a full 365-day
year.
a. Average annual weekly traffic. c. Average annual daily traffic.
b. Average annual weekend traffic d. Average annual daytime traffic.
12. This is the average 24-hour traffic volume occurring on weekdays for some period of
time less than a year, such as for a month or a season.
a. Average weekday traffic. c. Average daily traffic.
b. Average weekend traffic. d. Average weekly traffic.

II. Identification
1.They work to ensure that traffic flows easily on existing and planned roadways.
Their job may entail research on the optimization of traffic signal timing and
planning new intersections.
2. Classification of traffic stream that which includes speed
3. It’s like a flow of water, has several parameters associated with it
4. Pertains to the analysis of the behavior of traffic and to design the facilities for
a smooth, safe and economical operation of traffic.
5. Include the measures of separation bet. vehicle which can be either time or
space headway.
6. It is influenced not only by the individual characteristics of both vehicle and
human but also by the way a group of such units interacts with each other.
7. Classification of traffic stream that includes density and flow of traffic.
8. Characterized the traffic as a whole.
9. This two-dimensional diagram shows the position and travel path of a vehicle
through time as it moves from one intersection to another.
10. What are the two main elements in time-space diagram?
11. What does slope of the line represents in the diagram?
12. What does curved portions in the diagram represents?
13. Time space diagram can be plotted for a _______ as well as _______.
14. It is defined as the rate of motion in distance per unit of time.
15. The average speed maintained over a particular course while the vehicle is
moving and is found by dividing the length of the course by the time duration the
vehicle was in motion
16. Defined as the average speed of all the vehicles passing a point on a highway
over some specified time period.
17. The effective speed of the vehicle on a journey between two points and is the
distance between the two points divided by the total time taken for the vehicle to
complete the journey including any stopped time.
18. Defined as the average speed of all the vehicles occupying a given section of
a highway over some specified time period.
19. The instantaneous speed of a vehicle at a specified location.
 ANSWER KEY

I. Multiple Choice II. Identification

1. b 1. Traffic engineer
2. a 2. Measurement of quality
3. c 3. Traffic flow
4. d 4. Traffic engineering
5. b 5. Microscopic
6. b 6. Traffic stream parameters
7. b 7. Measurement of quantity
8. a 8. Macroscopic
9. b 9. Time Space Diagram
10. b 10. Time and Distance
11. c 11. Speed of the Vehicle
12. a 12. Vehicles undergoing Speed changes
13. Single Vehicle, Multiple Vehicle
14. Speed
15. Running Speed
16. Time Mean Speed
17. Journey Speed
18. Space Mean Speed
19. Spot Speed
GROUP 5 QUESTIONNAIRE: GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS

IDENTIFICATION: (15 items)

1. It refers to the through movement of people, goods, and vehicles from point A to point B
in the system.
2. On vertical curves, what is the sight distance from an assumed eye height?
3. According to AASHTO, this trip function transfers from through portion to remaining
functions that lead to access and termination.
4. This highway classification is designed primarily for through movement but also provide
access for some abutting lands.
5. On vertical curves, what is the sight distance from an assumed object height?
6. These are facilities with substantial control of access but having some at grade crossings
or entrances.
7. is the process of defining locations along the project by station numbers.
8. Part of a highway that provides the space that moving or parked vehicles occupy during
Operations.
9. The portion of the roadway contiguous with the traveled way that accommodates stopped
vehicles, emergency use, and lateral support of sub-base, base, and surface courses.
10. The recommended cross-slope of shoulder with a surface made of bituminous.
11. It consists of tangents connected by circular curves either simple curves or via transition
curves.
12. It is tilting the roadway to assist the drivers in resisting the effect of centripetal force.
13. It is the friction between the tires and the pavement surface.
14. What is recommended superelevation in urban areas?
15. What is recommended superelevation in rural areas?
TRUE OR FALSE: (10 items)

16. Where at-grade intersections occur on roadway sections with moderate to steep grades,
the grade should be increased through the intersection area.
17. Sag vertical curves in cuts should be avoided unless adequate drainage is provided.
18. A smooth grade line with gradual changes is preferred to a line with numerous breaks and
short grades.
19. Two horizontal curves in opposite direction should always be separated by a tangent of at
least 20 feet.
20. Whenever two consecutive curves are connected on a highway segment, the larger radii
should not be more than 1.5 times the smaller.
21. Use of compound curves should be limited to cases in which physical conditions require
it.
22. Use of spiral transition curves is not a significant assist to drivers negotiating reverse
curves.
23. A spiral curve is merely a series of simple horizontal curves subject to the same criteria
as isolated horizontal curves.
24. When the road is design to drain both sides, there must be drainage ditches or culverts
and pipes on both sides of the pavement.
25. Twenty feet or wider medians without dangerous objects is provided guardrail and curbed.
They can also serve as accident recovery areas.

ENUMERATION: (5 items)

25 – 30. Give at least 5 elements of Vertical Curves.

ANSWER KEY:
1. Mobility
2. 3.5 ft.
3. Transition
4. Arterials
5. 2 ft.
6. Expressways
7. Stationing
8. Travel Lanes
9. Shoulder
10. 2.0 – 6.0
11. Horizontal Alignment
12. Superelevation
13. Coefficient of side-factor
14. 4-6%
15. 10-12%
16. False
17. True
18. True
19. False
20. True
21. True
22. False
23. False
24. True
25. False

25 - 30. List 5 of the following:

• Point of Vertical Intersection (PVI)

• Difference in Grades
• Point of Vertical Curvature
• Point of Vertical Tangency
• Curve Length
• Entrance Grade
• Exit Grade
GROUP 6

1. It is consisted of a wire sensor which used to measure the flow of vehicles, the inductance
reduces if there is a certain vehicle that passed or stepped on it.

a. Reductive Loop Detector b. Vehicle Flow Detector

c. Inductive Loop Detector d. Electromagnetic Loop Detector

2. A series of interconnected small loops or combination of short loops spaced at appropriate

distance apart may be used to respond to vehicles approaching at various speeds.

a. Network Loop b. Long Loop

c. Traffic Interconnected Loop d. Ring

3. A sequence of phases in the order in which they would be displayed.

a. Ring b. Signal Cycle

c. Traffic Interconnected Loop d. Long Phases

4. It is the movement of vehicles which are depending on the current phase.

a. Phase movement b. Primary movement

c. Current movement d. Overlapping movement

5. It is the movement of vehicles which are not shown by the current phase but also
permittable.

a. Phase movement b. Primary movement

c. Secondary movement d. Overlapping movement

6. It represents a traffic flow that is not interrupted by any traffic signals

a. Uninterrupted flow b. Interrupted flow

c. Continuous flow d. Uniform flow

7. It is a quality measure describing operational conditions within a traffic stream, generally in
terms of such service measures as speed, time travel, freedom to maneuver, traffic
interruptions, comport and convenience.

a. Level of service b. Level of quality

c. Level of signal d. Level of interruptions

8. Considered as uninterrupted flow facilities when signal spacing is more than 2 miles.

a. Multilane highways b. Street

c. Single Lane highways d. Freeway

9. Freeway segments are classified as merge, diverge, _______, lane drop, lane addition and
basic freeway.

a. Converge b. Weaving

c. Exiting d. Overtaking Lane

10. There are no driveway access, no parking permitted within the __________.

a. Freeway b. Line of sight

c. Highway d. Right-of-way

11. What is an example of vehicular network?

a. Pedestrian Lane b. Bicycle

c. Car wash d. Bike facilities

12. In which part do bicycles facilities are included?

a. Trailers b. Bikers

c. Shared use d. Mechanical use

13. One advantage that mean the betterment of road status is:

a. Integrated circulation network b. Decreased Pollution

c. Decreased Congestion d. Energy Conservation

14. How do bicycle and pedestrian facilities reduce pollution?

a. Bikers and pedestrian sniff smokes coming out from the cars.

b. It does not use fuel.

c. Biking and walking are not mechanically operated.

15. Why does having a bicycle facility somehow compromises the safety of users?

a. It does not have a traffic light

b. It does not have a separation fence

c. A lot of smoke goes to the bike lanes

16. It is stated on this theory that the cycle overflow probability is a function of the degree of
saturation, i.e. a function of flow volume and capacity.

a. Queuing theory
b. Pythagorean theory
c. Theory of relativity
d. Capacity theory

17. What is the two parameters in computing capacity of signalized intersections based on
queuing model?
a. Capacity and demand
b. Time interval and length
c. Volume and speed
d. Green time and cycle overflow probability

18. The value of NGE or PO can be expressed as functions of the degree of saturation X and the
cycle capacity M, according to whom?
a. Wu
b. Miller
c. Pythagoras
d. Darwin
19. The estimation of capacity of signalized intersections is too difficult especially at what
condition?
a. Saturated
b. Rush hour
c. Unsaturated
d. Calamity

20. It is the input of the whole signalized intersection computation

a. Capacity
b. Demand
c. Green time
d. Cycle overflow probability

21. A system used for the transportation of people and goods by means of, without limitation, a
street railway, an elevated railway having a fixed guideway, and etc.

a. Transit system b. Flow of Transit c. Uninterrupted Flow d. Interrupted flow

22. Where Vehicles or trains stop to take on and drop off passengers. Platform is also known as
the basic elements of a transit.
a. Capacity b. Terminal c. Platform d. Transit

23. The maximum number of vehicles and passenger that a station can process in a given period
of time.

a. Capacity b. Terminal c. Platform d. Transit

24. A large station that accommodates high volumes of entering, leaving, and transferring
passengers. The physical facilities preceding and following the platform.

a. Capacity b. Terminal c. Platform d. Transit

25. Total number of vehicles counted in 15 minutes is 764 vehicles. Therefore 𝑞 is equal to
(vehicles/hr)

a. 50.933 b. 0.0196 c. 1,178 d. 3,056

26. It represents the distribution of gaps on the major street flow.

a. Gap Acceptance b. Capacity Analysis c. Gap Distribution d. Intersection

27. The HCM process is a modified version of an early American methodology

a. True b. False c. Maybe d. All of the Above

28. It describes the drivers’ behavior such as the probability of accepting a gap of a certain size
given the type of maneuver desired.

a. Gap Acceptance b. Gap Distribution c. HCM d. AWSC

29. It is the easier intersection of all intersection because all users must stop.

a. HCM b. TWSC c. AWSC d. Gap Distribution

30. It is a warrant for signalization where the traffic on the major street is heavy and continuous,
which does not allow safe service to the vehicles on the minor street is considered.

a. Vehicular Volume b. Interruption of Continuous Traffic

c. Accident Experience d. Progressive Movement

 QUESTIONNAIRE
INTERSECTION CONTROL AND DESIGN

IDENTIFICATION:

1. It is called a give way sign.

a. Stop Sign
b. Yield Sign
c. Warning Sign
d. Traffic Signal

2. It is a type of circular intersection or junction that provides maximum safety in all types of
intersection.
a. Channelized Intersections
b. Roundabout Intersections
c. Simple Intersections
d. Flared Intersections

3. Length of intersecting straights with minimum site distances recommended by I.R.C. are:
a. 50 km/h
b. 55 km/h
c. 100 km/h
d. 105 km/h

4. It is a pedestrian overpass allows safe crossing over busy without impacting traffic, also known
as flyover.
a. Underpass
b. Trumpet Interchange
c. Overpass
d. Clover Leaf Interchange

5. It is the separation or regulation of conflicting traffic movements into definite paths of travel
by traffic islands or pavement markings to facilitate the safe and orderly movements of both
vehicles and pedestrians.
a. Channelization
b. Traffic island
c. Intersection control
d. Rotaries

6. Which of the following factors does not affect the importance of conflict.
a. Type of conflict.
b. Number of vehicles in each conflicting streams.
c. Lane width of the intersection design.
 d. Speeds of vehicles in these streams.

7. Type of Intersection that expands the cross-section of the street.

a. Channelized Intersections
b. Standard At-Grade Intersections
c. Flared Intersections
d. Simple Intersections

8. Type of Intersection that eliminates crossing conflicts at intersection by separation of

roadways.
a. Under Grade Intersection
b. Inter Grade Intersection
c. At-Grade Intersection
d. Grade Intersection

9. This type of warrant is intended for application where the severity and frequency of crashes
are the principal reasons to consider installing a traffic control signal.
a. Intersection near a grade crossing
b. Pedestrian volume
c. Crash experience
d. School crossing

10. It is defined as length of the crossroad.

a. Intersection Controls
b. Intersection Sight Distance
c. Approach Sight Triangles
d. Conflict Points

11. It is a large Central island of a rotary intersection.

a. Pedestrian Islands
b. Rotary Islands
c. Painted Islands
d. Divisional Islands

12. It is an interchange that uses less space than most types of freeway interchange.
a. Diamond Interchange
b. Clover Leaf Interchange
c. Partial- Cloverleaf Interchange
d. Trumpet Interchange
13. The type of Intersections that are suited for areas where auxiliary lanes are not needed to
achieve the desired level-of-service.
a. Channelized Intersections
b. Standard At-Grade Intersections
c. Flared Intersections
d. Simple Intersections

14. Total Number of vehicle conflict points in conventional intersection.

a. 32
b. 61
c. 23
d. 16

15. Types of Traffic Island that guide the traffic into proper channel through the intersection
area.
a. Pedestrian Islands
b. Channelizing Islands
c. Painted Islands
d. Simple Islands

TRUE OR FALSE:

1. Installing a traffic control signal at some intersections might be justified to encourage

concentration and organization of traffic flow on a roadway network.

2. Roundabout Intersections is one of the three types of Standard At-Grade Intersection.

3. Traffic Island is physical structure, or a painted object found on roads and roadside.

4. The design objective of having intersection according to AASHTO is to increase the

severity of potential conflicts between vehicles, pedestrians, and facilities.

5. Progressive movement in a coordinated signal system sometimes necessitates installing

traffic control signals at intersections where they would not otherwise be needed in
order to maintain proper platooning of vehicles.

6. The Pedestrian Volume signal warrant is intended for application where the traffic
volume on a major street is so heavy that pedestrians experience excessive delay in
crossing the major street.
7. Divisional Islands are uses road marking only, without increasing the elevation of kerbs or
other physical obstructions.

8. Underpass or flyover is a bridge, road, or similar structure that crosses over another road
or railway.

9. IRC suggest that a two-lane of 7m width should be kept as 7m for urban roads and 6.5 for
rural roads.

10. In design parameters of Intersection, Bicyclists are required by law to obey control
devices at intersections. Therefore, traffic control devices need to account for bicycle
activity.

11. Intersection sight distance is defined as length of the crossroad, that must be clearly
visible for the driver of crossing or turning vehicle to be able to decide or complete
maneuvers without any conflict with other vehicles, approaching the intersection from
the crossroad.

12. Intersection is an area shared by two or more roads to reach their desired destinations.

13. The ASCI defined the “City-Bus” as the most appropriate design vehicle.

14. Conflicts occur when traffic streams moving in different directions interfere with each
other.

15. Intersection sight distance is totally the same for the urban and rural areas.
ANSWERS:
IDENTIFICATION:

1. It is called a give way sign.

a. Stop Sign
b. Yield Sign
c. Warning Sign
d. Traffic Signal

2. It is a type of circular intersection or junction that provides maximum safety in all types of
intersection.
a. Channelized Intersections
b. Roundabout Intersections
c. Simple Intersections
d. Flared Intersections

3. Length of intersecting straights with minimum site distances recommended by I.R.C. are:
a. 50 km/h
b. 55 km/h
c. 100 km/h
d. 105 km/h

4. It is a pedestrian overpass allows safe crossing over busy without impacting traffic, also known
as flyover.
a. Underpass
b. Trumpet Interchange
c. Overpass
d. Clover Leaf Interchange

5. It is the separation or regulation of conflicting traffic movements into definite paths of travel
by traffic islands or pavement markings to facilitate the safe and orderly movements of both
vehicles and pedestrians.
a. Channelization
b. Traffic island
c. Intersection control
d. Rotaries

6. Which of the following factors does not affect the importance of conflict.
a. Type of conflict.
b. Number of vehicles in each conflicting streams.
c. Lane width of the intersection design.
d. Speeds of vehicles in these streams.
7. Type of Intersection that expands the cross-section of the street.
a. Channelized Intersections
b. Standard At-Grade Intersections
c. Flared Intersections
d. Simple Intersections

8. Type of Intersection that eliminates crossing conflicts at intersection by separation of

roadways.
a. Under Grade Intersection
b. Inter Grade Intersection
c. At-Grade Intersection
d. Grade Intersection

9. This type of warrant is intended for application where the severity and frequency of crashes
are the principal reasons to consider installing a traffic control signal.
a. Intersection near a grade crossing
b. Pedestrian volume
c. Crash experience
d. School crossing

10. It is defined as length of the crossroad.

a. Intersection Controls
b. Intersection Sight Distance
c. Approach Sight Triangles
d. Conflict Points

11. It is a large Central island of a rotary intersection.

a. Pedestrian Islands
b. Rotary Islands
c. Painted Islands
d. Divisional Islands

12. It is an interchange that uses less space than most types of freeway interchange.
a. Diamond Interchange
b. Clover Leaf Interchange
c. Partial- Cloverleaf Interchange
d. Trumpet Interchange

13. The type of Intersections that are suited for areas where auxiliary lanes are not needed to
achieve the desired level-of-service.
a. Channelized Intersections
b. Standard At-Grade Intersections
c. Flared Intersections
d. Simple Intersections
14. Total Number of vehicle conflict points in conventional intersection.
a. 32
b. 61
c. 23
d. 16

15. Types of Traffic Island that guide the traffic into proper channel through the intersection
area.
a. Pedestrian Islands
b. Channelizing Islands
c. Painted Islands
d. Simple Islands

TRUE OR FALSE:

1. Installing a traffic control signal at some intersections might be justified to encourage

concentration and organization of traffic flow on a roadway network. TRUE

2. Roundabout Intersections is one of the three types of Standard At-Grade Intersection.

FALSE (Types of Standard At-Grade Intersection: Simple, Flared, Channelized)

3. Traffic Island is physical structure, or a painted object found on roads and roadside. TRUE

4. The design objective of having intersection according to AASHTO is to increase the

severity of potential conflicts between vehicles, pedestrians, and facilities. FALSE
(increase → reduce)

5. Progressive movement in a coordinated signal system sometimes necessitates installing

traffic control signals at intersections where they would not otherwise be needed in
order to maintain proper platooning of vehicles. TRUE

6. The Pedestrian Volume signal warrant is intended for application where the traffic
volume on a major street is so heavy that pedestrians experience excessive delay in
crossing the major street. TRUE

7. Divisional Islands are uses road marking only, without increasing the elevation of kerbs or
other physical obstructions. FALSE (Divisional Islands → Painted Islands)

8. Underpass or flyover is a bridge, road, or similar structure that crosses over another road
or railway. FALSE (Underpass → Overpass)
9. IRC suggest that a two-lane of 7m width should be kept as 7m for urban roads and 6.5 for
rural roads. TRUE

10. In design parameters of Intersection, Bicyclists are required by law to obey control
devices at intersections. Therefore, traffic control devices need to account for bicycle
activity. TRUE

11. Intersection sight distance is defined as length of the crossroad, that must be clearly visible for
the driver of crossing or turning vehicle to be able to decide or complete maneuvers without any
conflict with other vehicles, approaching the intersection from the crossroad. TRUE

12. Intersection is an area shared by two or more roads to reach their desired destinations. TRUE

13. The ASCI defined the “City-Bus” as the most appropriate design vehicle. FALSE (ASCI → AASHTO)

14. Conflicts occur when traffic streams moving in different directions interfere with each other.
TRUE

15. Intersection sight distance is totally the same for the urban and rural areas. FALSE (same →
different)
AT GRADE INTERSECTIONS CAPACITY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE
1. One of the safest type of intersections. Roundabout
2. This is the summation of traffic flow in peak hour of right turn traffic and traffic
flow in peak hour of left turn traffic. Total Approaching Volume
3. It is the distance along the center line of the road at which a driver has visibility of
an object, stationary or moving at a specified height above the carriage way.
Sight Distance
4. This occurs where two travel paths interact or cross. Conflict points/Points of
Conflict
5. It allows vehicle to wait at the hold line at an angle of about 70 degrees. High
Entry Slip Lane
6. It discourage wrong way movements. Splitter Island
7. Facilities for movement of traffic between two or more roads at different levels in
a grade-separated junction, mostly consisting of ramps. Interchange
8. Typical length of diverge tapers for rural or high speed area up to 80 kph. 40m
9. This is a system wherein the traffic, besides moving separately in streams at
different levels, can get interchanged from one stream to another via an
interchange facility. Grade-Separated Intersection with Interchange
10. This improves intersection capacity and traffic flow. They are particularly
important if the volume of traffic making these moves is high or if the through or
oncoming traffic flows are high. Right And Left Turning Lanes
11. It is the length of unobstructed line of sight between a driver entering a highway
and vehicles approaching from the right and left on the highway. Intersection
Sight Distance
12. In rolling terrain, where should be the intersection positioned? Sag Curves
13. It is a junction where two roads either cross or meet. They are critical element of
a road section. Intersection
14. A type of taper with length based on a lateral shift movement of traffic of 0.6m/s
for a through lane merge and 1.0m/s for an acceleration lane taper. Merge Taper
15. It is preferably be circular to keep the driving task simple. Central Island
16. It is appropriate when there is a high volume of right turning traffic and low
pedestrian volume. Free Flow Slip Lane
17. Type of intersection wherein, all the areas/legs of the intersection join or cross at
the same level. The basic traffic maneuvers such as diverging, merging and
crossing are used in at-grade intersections. Intersections-at-Grade
18. It provides a refuge or median to shelter a turning or crossing vehicle.
Channelization
19. This is a system wherein the traffic at different levels moves separately without a
provision for an interchange between them; the separation is achieved by means
of an over-bridge, fly-over, or an underpass. Grade-Separated Intersection
without Interchange
20. A type of taper dividing a single stream of traffic into separate streams. Diverge
Taper
21. The capacity of an intersection depends largely on the number of lanes provided
and whether auxiliary lanes are provided. Intersection Capacity
22. Provides space for turning vehicles to decelerate from the normal speed of traffic
to a stopped position in advance of the intersection or to a safe speed for the turn
in case a stop is unnecessary. Auxiliary Lanes

23. The width of through traffic lanes at an intersection can affect how motorists
behave on the approach and within an intersection. Lane Widths
24. It is the vectorial speed of convergence of the vehicles in a conflict maneuver.
Relative Speed
25. These are provided to minimize the delays for right turning vehicles and to make
the right turn movement easier and safer. Right Turn Slip Lanes
26. It enables additional through or turning lanes to be provided for safety and/or
capacity. Midblock Lane Widths
27. It is an auxiliary lane, including tapered areas, primarily for the acceleration or
deceleration of vehicles entering or leaving the through traffic lanes. Speed
Change Lane
28. It is a type of left turn treatments that has a protected left turn lane and has a
painted island to shelter a vehicle waiting to turn left. Type C
29. It is required at the start and end of auxiliary lanes to provide for the lateral
movement and merging of traffic. Taper
30. It involves the control of traffic by provision of traffic islands or pavement
markings o direct the traffic into predetermined paths. Channelization at an
Intersection
IDENTIFICATION
1. It is a cycling and pedestrian activity, particularly the former, tend to be at a higher level in
fiat areas than in hilly ones. INFLUENCE OF TOPOGRAPHY
2. It is concerned with counting the flow of pedestrians or cyclists through a junction, across
a road, or along a road section/footway. MANUAL COUNTS
3. It is when Cameras are set up at the selected sites and video recordings taken of the
pedestrian and/or cyclist movements. VIDEO SURVEYS
4. It is the making of a decision on what appropriate year the design will be implemented. 1ST
STAGE
5. It is one way of prioritizing is to identify locations (existing and future) where accident risk
is high. SAFETY
6. Type of planning which aims to produce a plan which results in the BEST balance
between all the available travel modes so that the movement demands of ALL sections
of society can be met. TRANSPORT PLANNING
7. Journey type with high concentrations of potential travelers at both ends of the journey.
HIGH-HIGH
8. Journey type that has less concentrated journey densities at one end. MEDIUM-HIGH
9. Type of journey that has high capacity at one end, and least capacity at the other. LOW-
HIGH
10. Journey type that has the lower concentrations of journey origins and destinations and
private car is the most effective means of satisfying traveler requirements. MEDIUM-
MEDIUM/LOW-MEDIUM/LOW-LOW
11. A form of dual-mode system (also seen as an alternative to Light Rail systems) designed
to enable a conventional bus to operate on both ordinary roads and special Guide ways.
GUIDED BUS
12. A type of seating which includes benches and seats
13. A type of seating which includes steps, planter walls around flower beds, etc.

ENUMERATION
4 DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

• Convenience
• Image
• Information
• Security

3 PEDESTRIAN CHARACTERISTICS AND REQUIREMENTS

• Walking Speeds
• Walking Distances
• Seating

TRUE OR FALSE
1. LRT uses a steel wheel on a steel rail and operates on track at the standard 1435 mm
gauge and vehicles may be single or articulated and are electrically powered. True
2. The single vehicles of Metros are usually smaller than LRT vehicles, and normally have
low-level floors. False – High level
3. Station spacings in Suburban railways are lesser than for Metros. Hence operating
speeds are higher. False – Greater level
4. Any public utilities (e.g., gas, electricity) in LRT should not be diverted from the line of
the proposed route before construction of the track. False – should
5. The average walking speeds if crossings are less busy, speeds approximating to the free-
flow walking speeds in pedestrian concourses of 1.6 m/s can be expected. True
6. Conventional heavy rail systems are typical of existing suburban and inter-city services.
It has steel wheel on steel rail, have heavy rolling stock vehicles and usually found in
trains of two or more vehicles. True