Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 2

Binomial Theorem: Expansion of (x + y)n dfaster – dslower = 1 circuit the music from his earphones that it was 12
2. Going in opposite directions: minutes before he discovered his cap missing.
n(n - 1) n - 2 2
( x + y )n = x n + nx n -1 y 1 + x y dfaster + dslower = 1 circuit He turned around and recovered the cap 1 km
2! downstream from where it fell. Assuming
n(n - 1)(n - 2) n - 3 3 constant speed and neglecting the time for
( x + y )n = + x y + ! + nx 1 y n -1 + y n Work-related Problems
3! Case 1: Each worker has different rates turnaround, what was the speed of the water
current? Answer: 2.5 kph
Note: Job done = Rate ´ Time
job done 7. A and B run around a circular track whose
1. It starts with xn and ends with yn.
Rate = circumference is 150m. When they run in
2. The power of x decreases by 1 while the power time opposite directions, they meet every 5 seconds,
of y increases by 1. Combined rates = Rate 1 ± Rate 2 but when they run in the same direction from
3. The sum of the powers of x & y in any term is
the same point, they are together every 25
always n. Case 2: Each worker has the same rate
seconds. What are their rates?
4. There will be n + 1 terms in the expansion. Job done = Number of men ´ Number of days Answer: 18m/s & 12m/s
5. If the coefficient of a term is multiplied by the
8. A policeman is pursuing a snatcher who is
power of x in that term and then the product To finish the job ahead by 72 of his own leaps. The snatcher
divided by the power of y increased by 1, the S(Job done) = total number of man-days takes 6 leaps while the cop takes 5 leaps, but 4
resulting number is the coefficient of the next
leaps of the snatcher are as long as 3 leaps of the
term.
cop. How many leaps will the cop make before
rth Term of Binomial Expansion
Problems: he catches the snatcher? Policeman: 540 leaps
1. Find the 6th term in the expansion of (2x3 + 9y)11. 9. An elevated concrete tank is filled through its
Answer: 1,745,960,832x18y5 inlet pipe and then is emptied through its outlet
r th term in (x + y)n = C(n, m)xn-m ym 2. Find the constant term in the expansion of (x + pipe in a total time of 9 hours. If water enters
x–3/2)15. Answer: 5,005 through the inlet pipe and is simultaneously
n! allowed to leave through the outlet pipe, the
where m = r – 1 and C(n, m) = 3. Find the sum of the coefficients of the terms in
(n - m)! m ! the expansion of (4x – 7y)4. Answer: 81 tank is filled in 20 hours. How long will it take
4. A certain physicist, who is always in a hurry, to fill the tank if the outlet is closed? Ans: 4 hrs
Motion-related Problems 10. A job can be done by 20 laborers in 30 days. To
walks up an ongoing escalator at the rate of one
distance = velocity × time finish the job earlier 25 men were hired.
step per second. Twenty steps bring him to the
top. Next day he goes up at two steps per However, after working for 20 days, 10 men
Motion in water current or air current
second, reaching the top in 32 steps. How quitted and were not replaced. Find the total
If x = velocity of (boat/airplane) in still
many steps are there in the escalator? Answer: 80 number of days to finish the job. Answer: 26 2 3
(water/air)
y = velocity of the (water/air), then 5. A train, an hour after starting, had to stop due
to some engine trouble. After one hour, it
x + y = velocity when going (downstream/with the proceeded at 60% of its former rate and arrived
wind) 3 hours after the time. Had the incident
x – y = velocity when going (upstream/against the happened 50km farther on the line, it would
wind) have arrived 1.5 hours sooner. Find the length
of the journey. Answer: 88.89 km
Motion in a circle or any closed circuit 6. A man was enjoying the afternoon rowing
Starting at the same time from the same point leisurely upstream when his baseball cap fell in
1. Going in the same the direction: the water. So absorbed was he in listening to

Civil Engineering May 2022
PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE
1. A man passed one-sixth of his life in childhood,
one-twelfth in youth, and one-seventh more as
a bachelor. Five years after his marriage, a son
was born who died four years before his father
at half his father’s final age. What was the
man’s final age? Answer: 84
2. Robert is 15 years older than his brother Stan.
However, y years ago, Robert was twice as old
as Stan. If Stan is b years old now and b > y, find
the value of b – y. Answer: 15
3. Find the term that is independent of x in the
expansion of (2 + 3/x2)(x – 2/x)6. Answer: -140
4. What is the coefficient of the 5th term of the
expansion of (2x2 + 3y3)10? How about the sum
of the exponents of the terms in the expansion?
Answer: 1,088,640; 275
5. Find the sum of the coefficients of the
expansion (x + 2)4. Answer: 65
6. Working together, observation planes A, B and
C can map a certain region in three hours. After
working for one hour, A developed engine
trouble and had to stop. As a consequence, B
and C had to continue working for the next four
hours to complete the job. It turned out
however that half of the photographs taken by
A were spoiled. The following day, C was sent
to photograph that part of the region for which
A’s photographs were spoiled. It took C one
and a half hours to complete the task. How long
will it take each plane to map the region alone?
Answer: A = 6 hrs, B = 9 hrs, C = 18 hrs
7. Kevin can finish a job in 8 hours. Melvin can
do it in 5 hrs. If Kevin worked for 3 hours and
then Melvin was asked to help him finish it,
how long will Melvin have to work with Kevin
to finish the job? Answer: 1.92 hrs
8. A job could be done by eleven workers in 15
days. Five workers started the job. They were
reinforced with four more workers at the
Review Innovations Algebra 2
beginning of the 6th day. Find the total number 15. In what time would A, B and C together do a
of days it took them to finish the job. Ans: 20.56 work if A alone could do it in six hours more, B
alone in one hour more, and C alone in twice
9. A man and a boy can do in 15 days a piece of
work which could be done by 7 men and 9 boys the time? Answer: 40 minutes
in 2 days. In how many days could one man 16. Two planes leave Manila for Tokyo, a distance
finish the work alone? Answer: 20 days of 900 miles. The four-motored plane A travels
at a ground speed of 90 mph faster than the
10. A and B run a 1.5-kilometer race. In the first
heat, A gives B a start of 11 meters and beats two-motored plane B. Plane A arrives in Tokyo
him by 57 seconds. In the second heat, A gives 2 hr 15 min ahead of plane B. What is the
B a start of 81 seconds and is beaten by 88 ground speed of plane B? Answer: 150 mph
meters. Find the rate of A in km/hr. Ans: 15.1 17. An airplane takes 1.5 hours to travel 600 mi
with the wind and 1.6 hours to fly back. Find
11. A man covers the distance A to B in 5 hours and
the speed of the plane. Answer: 387.5mph
30 minutes. During the second half of the
distance, he traveled 1/2 km less per hour than 18. A boatman rows to a place 48 km distant and
during the first half. In the return trip from B back in 14 hours; he finds he can row 4km with
to A, by traveling 1 km/hr faster than during the stream in the same time as 3 km against the
the first half of his trip from A to B, he stream. Find the rate of the stream. Ans: 1 kph
consumed 3 and 3/4 hours. Determine the 19. A and B compete in a race. A run at a constant
distance AB. Answer: 15 km
rate of 126 m/min while B runs 145 m the first
12. A battleship started on a 500-mile voyage but minute, 143 m the second minute, 141 m the
was brought to full stop an hour after starting third minute and so on. When will A and B be
for military reasons, delaying it for full hour, together again? Answer: 20 min
after which it was ordered to proceed at a
20. Two trains, one 350 ft long, the other 450 ft long,
reduced velocity equivalent to 75% of its
on parallel tracks, can pass each other
former rate. The ship arrived at its destination
completely in 8 seconds when moving in
3 hours and 3 quarters after scheduled time. If opposite directions. When moving in the same
it was desired for the ship to arrive one hour
direction, the faster train completely passes the
and a quarter sooner, how far from the
slower one in 16 seconds. Find the speed of the
destination should the ship have been ordered
faster train. Answer: 75 fps
stopped? Answer: 243.24 mi.
13. A marksman fires a target 420 m away and
hears the bullet strikes the target 2 seconds after
he pulled the trigger. An observer 525 m away
from the target and 455 m away from the
marksman hears the bullet strikes the target 1
second after he hears the report of the rifle.
What is the velocity of the bullet? Ans: 525 m/s
14. A bus travels a distance of 350 km in exactly the
same time that a car travels a distance of 600
km. If the car is 50 kph faster than the bus, how
fast was the bus? Ans: 70 kph