Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Algebra 5

Fundamental Principle of Counting
If a thing can be done in any of m different ways
and if a second thing can be done in any of n
different ways, then it follows that the number of
ways in which the first and the second can be done
is m ´ n.
Permutation
An arrangement of objects in a definite order
Theorem1: The number of permutations on n
different objects taken r at a time is
n!
P(n, r ) = n P r =
(n - r )!
Theorem 2: The number of permutations of n objects
taken all at a time in which n1 of the objects are
alike, n2 are alike, n3 are alike, and so on, is…
n!
P=
n1 ! n2 ! n3 !
Theorem 3: The number of ways of partitioning a set
of n objects into r cells with n1 elements in the
first cell, n2 elements in the second cell, and
soon is,
n!
P=
n1 ! n2 ! n3 ! ...
Combination
Differs from permutation in that it does not involve
the arrangement of objects nor the order of selection
Theorem 4: The number of combinations of n objects
taken r at a time is
n!
C(n, r ) = nCr =
r ! (n - r )!
Theorem 5: The number of combinations of n objects
taken 1 at a time, 2 at a time, 3 at a time, and so
on until n at a time is
N = 2n - 1
1. In how many ways can 5 different trees be
planted
3a. in a row? 3b. in a circle?
2. How many ways can 6 people be lined up to get
on a bus?
2a. If a certain 3 persons insist on following
each other, how many ways are possible?
2b. If a certain 2 persons refuse to follow each
other, how many ways are possible?
3. How many three-digit numbers can be formed
from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 if each digit
can be used only once?
3a. how many are greater than 330?
4. How many different permutations can be made
from the letters in the word MISSISSIPPI?
5. How many ways can 7 people be assigned to 1
triple and two double rooms?
6. A committee of 5 members is to be formed from
a group of 5 lawyers, 4 engineers and 3
accountants.
6a. In how many ways can the committee be
formed?
6b. What if there must be 2 lawyers, 2
engineers and 1 accountant in the
committee?
7. The HR Manager of Ayala Land Corporation is
to hire three out of ten equally qualified
applicants. How many ways can the HR
Manager choose?
8. A shipment of 12 television sets contains 3
defective sets. In how many ways can a hotel
purchase 5 of these sets and receive at least 2 of
the defective sets?
9. How many diagonals can you form in a
polygon of n sides?
10. In how many ways can you color a poster if
there are 5 different colors available?
For Practice:
1. In how many different ways can you arrange
four identical Algebra books, one Calculus
book, and three identical Mechanics books in a
shelf by taking all the books in each
arrangement? Answer: 280
2. In how many ways can the books in math,
hydraulics and structural engineering be
arranged on a shelf if math has 3 volumes,
hydraulics has 2 volumes and structural
engineering has 4 volumes? Books of the same
subject must be altogether. Answer: 1728
3. If repetitions are not permitted, how many
three-digit even numbers can be formed from
the digits 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9? How many
different four-digit integers can be formed if
they are to be greater than 6000? How many
different numbers can be formed from the
given integers if they are to be greater than
900000 and of different digits? Ans: 90; 360; 5760
4. There are 6 people lining up to pay telephone
bills. If two persons don’t want to follow each
other, how many different line ups is possible?
Answer: 480
5. In how many ways can 5 engineers and 4
nurses be arranged in a round table if the
nurses insisted to be sitting side by side?
Answer: 2880
6. There are 36 lines that can be drawn from an n-
cornered convex polygon. How many corners
are there all in all? Answer: 9
7. In how many ways can a panel of 5 judges
declare a winner in a beauty contest? Ans: 16
8. Four married couples have bought 8 seats in a
row for a concert. In how many ways can they
be seated…
a. if each couple is to sit together?
b. if all men sit together to the right of all
women? Answer: 384; 576
9. How many arrangements can be made from the
letters of the word MATHEMATICS if the
consonants are to be together? Answer: 75,600
10. A man and his wife invite 8 of their friends to a
dinner. They are to be seated around a round
table. How many arrangements can be made if
the man and his wife are to sit side by side?
Answer: 80,640