MATHEMATICS 10

THIRD GRADING
(Lesson 3)
COMBINATORICS
 Introduction:

Have you ever wondered why cellular phones or telephones

have no duplication of numbers? How many ways can three
questions are answered? To answer these questions, it is important
to list all possibilities or use the methods of counting: the
Fundamental Principle of counting, Permutation and Combination
play an important role on it. These three methods are known as
Combinatorics.
 Lesson 3
PERMUTATIONS
 Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

1. count the number of occurrences of an outcome;

2. understand the concept of factorial notation;
3. illustrate the permutation of objects;
4. solve problems involving permutation; and
5. appreciate the importance of counting techniques in
life.
 EXPLORE:

Activity Title: Factor ME!

Main Idea: The number of ways of arranging n distinct objects is n! = n • (n – 1). ... •1
Learning Target: Evaluate Factorials by applying the fundamental principles of counting
Directions: Find the value of the following factorials.

1.) 5! 2.) 3! 4! 3.)

= 5·4·3·2·1 = 3·2·1·4·3·2·1
= 120 = 144 =
= 360
4.) 5.) 6.) 0!
=1
= =
= 60
=
= 56
7.) 1! 2!
= 121
=2
 8.) 9.) 10.

=
= =
= 22
= = 6,480
 Firm – Up

In these padlocks, how many possible combinations of numbers to unlock.

 FACTORIALS
If n is a positive integer, then n factorial, denoted by n!, is the product of all positive
integers less than or equal to n.
n! = n • (n – 1) • (n – 2) • ... 3 • 2 •1

As a special case , we define 0! = 1

Permutation is an arrangement of things in a definite order or ordered

arrangement of distinguishable objects without allowing repetitions among the
objects.

P(n, r) or nPr =
where: n ---- denotes the total number of objects that you are working with
r ---- denotes the number of objects that you are selected
Find the values of the following permutations:
1.) 8P8 2.) 10P4
nPr =
nPr =
10P4 =
8P8 =
10P4 =
8P8 =
10P4 =

8P8 = 40 320 10P4 = 5 040

 Examples:
3.) How many different signals can be made using five flags if all
the flags must be used in each signal?
Solution: nPr =

5P5 =

5P5 =

5P5 =
5P5 = 120 different signals
 Examples:
4. How many different ways can a chairperson and an assistant chairperson
be selected for a research project if there are seven researchers available?

Solution: nPr =

7P2 =

7P2 =

7P2 = 42 ways
Note: If the arrangement of n objects is in a circular pattern, it is
given by the formula P = (n–1)!

5.) In how many ways can 5 persons

be seated around a circular table?
Solution:
P = (n–1)!
= (5 – 1)!
= 4!
= 4·3·2·1
= 24 ways
Note: If the number of permutations of n objects in which r1 are
alike, r2 are alike, r3 are alike ...etc, it is P=
6.) How many different permutations can be made
from the letters of the word “MISSISSIPPI” ?
Solution:
Given:
P=
n = 11 P=
r= M=1 P=
I=4 P=
S=4
P=2 P = 34 650
 7.) How many different permutations can be made
from the letters of the word “ALGEBRA” ?
Solution:
Given:
n=7 P=
r= A=2
L, G, E, B, R = 1
P=
P=
P = 2,520 ways
CHALLENGE YOURSELF!
 1.) A club has 20 members. They wish to elect officers consisting
of a president, a vice president, a secretary, and a treasurer. How
many sets of officers are possible?

Given: P=
n = 20
r=4
P=
Solution:
We need to select four out of
20 members and arrange P=
them in all possible orders; we
need to find the permutation P = 116 280 set of officers
of 20 taken four at a time.
 2.) If a bookshelf has space for four books and
there are 10 different books available, how many
different book arrangements can be made?

Given:
P=
n = 10
r=4
P=
Solution:

P=
P = 5 040 books arrangements
that can be made
 3.) In how many ways can four boys and five girls be seated in a
row of nine seats if boys and girls are to occupy alternate seats?
Solution: A girl should occupy the first seat on the left since there are five of them,
therefore the first seat can be occupied by any one of the five girls; the second
seat can now be occupied by any one of the four boys; then the third seat can
be occupied by one of the remaining four girls; while the fourth seat can be
occupied by one of the three remaining boys; and so on.

5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1
Hence, there are 2 880 ways to seat them.
4.) How many arrangements of the letters are there in the word
EQUATIONS if all the vowels are together?
Solution:
Given:
n=9 P=
r = vowels = 5
Q, T, N, S = 1
P=
P=
P = 3 024 arrangements
5.) How many ways can the first and second place be awarded to
10 people?
Solution:
Given:
n = 10 nPr =
r=2
10P2 =
=
= 90 different ways
 6.) How many different arrangements are there for the letters a, b,
c, d, and e?
Solution:
Given:
n=5 nPr =
r=5
5P5 =
=
= 120 arrangements
 Values Integration
If your brother offends you, rebuke him
and if he is sorry, forgive him.
And if he offends you seven times in a
day but says to you seven times: “Im
sorry,” forgive him.
Luke 17:3-4
SalaMath...