MATHEMATICS 10

THIRD GRADING
(LESSON 1)
 PRAYER
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
Heavenly Father and Your Beloved Son Jesus Christ,
We thank you for giving us another life,
We thank you for another Beautiful day.
As we go on through our lessons today,
May you make us instruments to do good things.
Please enlighten our minds,
Give us the strength to participate in our subject today.
Thank you for this opportunity to learn and serve others,
and help us to always remember the Truth of Your Glory!
In Jesus’ name. Amen
COMBINATORICS
(Lesson 2)
 Introduction:
 
Have you ever wondered why cellular phones or telephones
have no duplication of numbers? How many ways can three
questions are answered? To answer these questions, it is important
to list all possibilities or use the methods of counting: the
Fundamental Principle of counting, Permutation and Combination
play an important role on it. These three methods are known as
Combinatorics.
 Lesson 2.1
PERMUTATIONS
 Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the student should be able to:
 
1. Count the number of occurrences of an outcome using
the fundamental counting principle;
2. Understand the concept of factorial notation;
3. Illustrate the permutation of objects;
4. Solve problems involving permutation; and
5. Appreciate the importance of counting techniques in
life.
 EXPLORE:
 
Activity Title: Factor ME!
Main Idea: The number of ways of arranging n distinct objects is n! = n • (n – 1). ... •1
Learning Target: Evaluate Factorials by applying the fundamental principles of counting
Directions: Find the value of the following factorials.

1.) 5! 2.) 3! 4! 3.)

= 5·4·3·2·1 = 3·2·1·4·3·2·1
= 120 = 144 =
= 360
4.) 5.) 6.) 0!
=1
= =
= 60
=
= 56
7.) 1! 2!
= 121
=2
 8.) 9.) 10.

=
= =
= 22
= = 6,480
 Firm – Up

In these padlocks, how many possible combinations of numbers to unlock.

 FACTORIALS
If n is a positive integer, then n factorial, denoted by n!, is the product of all positive
integers less than or equal to n.
n! = n • (n – 1) • (n – 2) • ... 3 • 2 •1
 
As a special case , we define 0! = 1
 Permutation is an arrangement of things in a definite order or ordered arrangement
of distinguishable objects without allowing repetitions among the objects. 

P(n, r) or nPr =
 
where: n ---- denotes the total number of objects that you are working with.
---- the number of options
r ---- denotes the number of objects that you are selected
---- the number of spot / position
3 types of solving Permutation

1. Listing Method
Ex. How many codes can be formed in a lock requiring 3 unique digits
chosen from 0 to 7.
01234567
-012 021 031 041 051 061 071…
- 0 1 3 0 2 3 0 3 2 0 4 2 0 5 2 0 6 4 and so on
- 0 1 40 2 4 0 3 4 0 4 3 0 5 3 0 6 3
- 0 1 50 2 5 0 3 5 0 4 5 0 5 4 0 6 4
-016 026 036 046 056 065
- 0 1 70 2 7 0 3 7 0 47 0 5 7 0 6 7
3 types of solving Permutation

2. Factorial Method

Ex. How many codes can be formed in a lock requiring 3 unique digits
chosen from 0 to 7.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Given : n=8 Formula: nPr = n!
r=3 (n – r)!

nPr = 8! = 8! = 8.7.6.5 = 336 unique codes of digits

(8-3)! 5! 5
3 types of solving Permutation

3. Seat Technique Method

Ex. How many can codes can be formed in a lock requiring 3 unique
digits chosen from 0 to 7.

n = number of options = 8
r = number of spots / position = 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 7 6 = 8 x 7 x 6 = 336
Hundreds Tens Ones
digit digit digit
 Examples:
2.) How many different signals can be made using five flags if all
the flags must be used in each signal?
Solution: nPr =

5P5 =

5P5 =

5P5 =
5P5 = 120 different signals
 Examples:
3.) How many codes can be formed of 4 uniques digits of
numbers from 0 to 9? Seat Technique method

Factorial form nPr = n = 10 , r = 4

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Solution: 10P4 = __10_ ___9____ __8___ _7_ = 5, 040

thousands hundreds tens ones
digit digit digit digit

10P4 =

10P4 = 5, 040 different unique codes

 Examples:
4. How many different ways can a chairperson and an assistant chairperson
be selected for a research project if there are seven researchers available?

Solution: nPr =
Seat Technique Method

n = 7, r = 2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
7P2 =
7 6 = 42 ways
tens ones
7P2 =
digit digit

7P2 = 42 ways
Note: If the arrangement of n objects in a circular pattern is given
by the formula P = (n–1)!

5.) In how many ways can 5 persons

be seated around a circular table?
Solution:
P = (n–1)!
= (5 – 1)!
= 4!
= 4·3·2·1
= 24 ways
Note: If the number of permutations of n objects in which r1 are
alike, r2 are alike, r3 are alike ...etc, is P=
6.) How many different permutations can be made
from the letters of the word “MISSISSIPPI” ?
Solution:
Given:
P=
n = 11 P=
r= M=1 P=
I=4 P=
S=4
P=2 P = 34 650
 7.) How many different permutations can be made
from the letters of the word “ALGEBRA” ?
Solution:
Given:
n=7 P=
r= A=2
L, G, E, B, R = 1
P=
P=
P = 2,520 ways
 Activity
Learning Target: Illustrate the permutation of objects.

A. Evaluate the following permutation.

 
1. 6P2 = ____________ 3. 4P4 = ____________5. 7P3 = ____________
 
2. 12P8 = ____________ 4. 10P5 = ____________
 

B. Find the number of permutation of the letters of each word. Show your solution.
1. BALL
2. BIBLE

C. Problem solving: Apply the formula in solving the permutation. Show your complete solution.
 
1. Eight people enter a bus with twenty empty seats. In how many ways may they be seated?
2. How many permutations of the word BOOKKEEPER are there?
 https://www.y2mate.com/youtube/kQmtvAKUXew

CHALLENGE YOURSELF!
https://www.y2mate.com/youtube/kQmtvAKUXew
Find the values of the following permutations:
1.) 8P8 2.) 10P4
nPr =
nPr =
10P4 =
8P8 =
10P4 =
8P8 =
10P4 =

8P8 = 40 320 10P4 = 5 040

 3.) A club has 20 members. They wish to elect officers consisting
of a president, a vice president, a secretary, and a treasurer. How
many sets of officers are possible?

Given: P=
n = 20
r=4
P=
Solution:
We need to select four out of
20 members and arrange P=
them in all possible orders; we
need to find the permutation P = 116 280 set of officers
of 20 taken four at a time.
 4.) If a bookshelf has space for four books and
there are 10 different books available, how many
different book arrangements can be made?

Given:
P=
n = 10
r=4
P=
Solution:

P=
P = 5 040 books arrangements
that can be made
 5.) In how many ways can four boys and five girls be seated in a
row of nine seats if boys and girls are to occupy alternate seats?
Solution: A girl should occupy the first seat on the left since there are five of them,
therefore the first seat can be occupied by any one of the five girls; the second
seat can now be occupied by any one of the four boys; then the third seat can
be occupied by one of the remaining four girls; while the fourth seat can be
occupied by one of the three remaining boys; and so on.

5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1
Hence, there are 2 880 ways to seat them.
6.) How many arrangements of the letters are there in the word
EQUATIONS if all the vowels are together?
Solution:
Given:
n=9 P=
r = vowels = 5
Q, T, N, S = 1
P=
P=
P = 3 024 arrangements
 Lesson 2.2
COMBINATION
 Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student should be able to:

 
a. illustrates the combination of objects
b. differentiate permutation from combination of n objects
taken r at a time.
c. solve problems involving permutation and combination
d. appreciate the importance of combination in solving real-life
problems.
 EXPLORE:
 
Activity Title: COMPLETE ME!
Main Idea: Choosing objects from group in a particular order, you are creating a
permutation. However, we can also choose an object without considering the order.
This selection of objects is called combination.
Directions: Use a tree diagram to show possible outcomes

Start A

T
When counting the possible number of permutations of a set of elements, order is
important. However, there are situations where we are only concerned with the
number of ways we can select relements from a set of nelements. This is a combination
denoted by () or nCr. We read this as the number of combinations of nelements taken
rat a time.

Definition of Combination
A combination is a subset of r distinct elements selected out of n elements without
regard to order. The number of combinations of n elements taken r at a time is denoted
by nCr = ().

Formula for Combination:

nC r =
 Difference of Permutation and Combination
PERMUTATION COMBINATION
There are 12 students in Mr. Dellera class. There are 12 students in Mr. Dellera class.
 

He wants to choose 3 students to be officers He wants to choose 3 students to clean the

of the class: a president, a vice president , classroom. How many ways can he choose
and a secretary. How many ways can he three students?
choose three students?
Given: n = 12 , r = 3
Given: n = 12 , r = 3
Formula: nCr =
Formula: nPr=
 Solution: 12C3=
 Solution: 12P3=
 =
=
= 1,320 ways   = 220 ways
 
 Examples:
1.) How many different committees of 5 people can be appointed
from a group of 10 people?
Given: Solution: nCr =
n = 10
r=5 10C5 =

10C5 =

10C5 =

10C5 = 252 different committees

2.) How many different pairs of cards can be chosen from the five
cards in a royal flush?

nCr =
Solution:
A royal flush consists of
ace, king, queen, jack 5C2 =
and 10 of the same suit.
Given: 5C2 =
n=5
r=2 5C2 =

5C2 = 10 different pairs

 3.) A class consists of 10 boys and 8 girls. How many committees of six can
be selected if each committee consists of four boys and two girls?
Solution: The order is not important, thus the problem involves combination.

Select four from 10 boys Select two from 8 girls Multiply the answer
= = from boys and girls

= =
(210)(28)
= 5880 committees
that can be formed.
= =

= 210 = 28
4.) A bag contains five red marbles, seven white marbles, and eight blue
marbles. How many ways can five marbles be selected if all marbles are blue?
Solutions:
Five blue marbles can Five blue marbles can Five blue marbles can
be selected from eight be selected from seven be selected from five
blue in ways. white in ways. red in ways.
nCr = nCr = nCr =

8C5 = 7C0 = 5C0 =

8C5 = 7C0 = 5C0 =

(56)(1)(1)
8C5 = 56 7C0 = 1 5C0 = 1 = 56 ways
5.) A bag contains five red marbles, seven white marbles, and eight blue
marbles. How many ways can five marbles be selected if there should be two
red marbles and three white marbles?
Two red marbles can Three white marbles can Zero red & white marbles
be selected from five be selected from seven can be selected from
red in ways. white in ways. eight blue in ways.
nCr = nCr = nCr =

5C2 = 7C3 = 8C0 =

5C2 = 7C3 = 8C0 =

(10)(35)(1)
8C5 = 10 7C3 = 35 8C0 = 1 = 350 ways
 Thank You
and God Bless Us
All
 Pointers-Math 10
3rd Periodical Test
1. Distance, Midpoint and Slope
2. Equation of a Circle center at (0,0)
3. Equation of a Circle center at (h,k)
4. Factorial
5. Permutation
6. Combination
7. Problem Solving