Permutation

The cost of a ticket in PCSO 6Digit game is

Php 10.00. You have to pick 6 numbers from
0 to 9 and you may pick the same number
multiple times. Match all 6 numbers in exact
order if you want to win the grand prize. Do
you know how many possible arrangements
of 6 numbers is that? There are 1,000,000
possible arrangements and only 1 out of
1,000,000 is the winning arrangement!
Permutation
× Permutation is an arrangement of objects in a specific
order.

× Permutation also refers to any one of all possible

arrangements of the elements of the given set.

× Permutation is when the order or arrangement is

IMPORTANT.
Permutation
WITHOUT
restrictions
Example #1
Find the number of ways to
arrange the letters ABC.
A-B-C
A-C-B By listing
B-A-C method there
B-C-A
are 6 ways.
C-A-B
C-B-A
 !!!
Instead of listing all the
possible arrangement
there is an easy way to
know how many possible
arrangements are there.
Factorial (!)
 Means to multiply a series of descending natural numbers.
 It's a shorthand way of writing numbers
 the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n
n n!    
1 1 1 1
2 2 × 1 = 2 × 1! =2
3 3 × 2 × 1 = 3 × 2! =6
4 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 4 × 3! = 24
5 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 5 × 4! = 120
Solution:
Given: n= 3

n! = n(n-1)(n-2)….(n-r+1)
3! = 3 (3-1)(3-2)
3! = (3)(2)(1)
3! = 6
Therefore , letters ABC can arrange
in 6 ways..
Try this!
5! 5x4x3x2x1 = 120
2! 2x1 =2
8! 8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 = 40, 320
CASE # 1:
×   number of permutations of n things taken
The
n at a time is given by:

nPn= = = n!
Example #2:
Maia has 6 potted plants. In
how many ways can she
arrange these plants
in a row?
Solution:
Given: n= 6 books

nPn = 6!
6P6 = (6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)

6P6 = 720 ways

CASE # 2:
×   number of permutations of n things taken
The
r at a time is given by:

nPr= ! n= no. of objects

r= no, of position
Example # 3:
How many four-digit numbers can
be formed from the numbers 1, 3,
4, 6, 8,
and 9 if repetition of digits is not
allowed?
Solution: There are four position to be filled
up.

____________ x ____________ x ____________ x _____________

How many choices are there for the first blank?

Solution: There are four position to be filled
up.

_____6______ x ____________ x ____________ x _____________

How many choices are there for the second blank?

Solution: There are four position to be filled
up.

_____6______ x _____5_____ x ____________ x _____________

How many choices are there for the third blank?

Solution: There are four position to be filled
up.

_____6______ x _____5_____ x _____4____ x _____________

How many choices are there for the fourth blank?

Solution: There are four position to be filled
up.

_____6______ x _____5_____ x _____4____ x _____3______

= 360
four- digit numbers will be formed
Solution:  =

=
=
=

= 360
Example # 4:
Fifteen cars enter a race. In how
many ways can the trophies for
first, second and third place be
awarded?
CASE # 3:
×  
Permutation with like Objects (Distinguishable
Permutation) is denoted by:
P= ! n= no. of objects
nk = represent the
letters or object that
is repeated.
Example #5:

How many ways can the letters of the

word “TAGAYTAY” be arranged?
Solution:  
P=
Given:
TAGAYTAY P=

Letters in all= 8 P=
T’s= 2
A’s= 3 P= 1680
Y’s= 2
 Example #: 6
Analyze the grid. Suppose that you are at the lower left corner of the
grid and you need to reach the upper right corner under one condition
– you are only allowed to travel along the grid lines, either one step
rightward or one step upward. In how many ways can you reach the
top right corner?
Solution:

How does one path differ from another?

Solution:

4 ups 4 ups 4 ups

5 right 5 right 5 right

The paths differ in the order of the forward and

upward steps taken.
Solution:
UUUURRRRR
 P=

Given:
UUUURRRRR P=

Letters in all= 9 P=
U’s= 4
R’s= 5 P= 126
CASE # 4:
Circular permutation
- is the total number of ways in which n distinct objects can be
arranged around a fixed circle. The number of ways to arrange n
distinct objects along a fixed circle is

P= (n-1)!!
Example # 7:
In how many ways can 4 people be seated
around a circular table?
Example # 8:
In how many ways can 5 boys and 4 girls be
seated around a circle table without any
restriction?
Case # 4: Circular Permutation
Solution: there are no restr
ictions

n= 7!
n= 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
n= 5040 Therefore, the family members
can be line up in 5040 ways.
Solution: the parents stan
d together

n= 6! 2!
n= (6x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1) (2 x Therefore, the family
members can be line up in
1) 1440 ways if the parents
n= (720)(2) stand together.
n= 1440
Solution: all the females s
ta nd together

n= 4! 4!
n= (4 x 3 x 2 x 1)(4 x3 x 2 x 1) Therefore, there are 576
n= (24)(24) different ways the family can
n= 576 line up if the females stand
together.
Example # 6:

The Racing Club organizes a race in which 5 cars

A, B, C, D, and E are joined. How many ways can
the first two positions be filled if there are no ties?
Solution:

* we used to represent the number of

possible permutations of 5 things when only
2 out of the 5 things are taken.
the number of Place your screenshot here

permutations that
can be made with
n things taken r at
a time
Example # 11:

In how many different ways can you

arranged 8 figures on a circular shelf?
The number of permutations of n
things taken r at a time is given by:

= n(n-1)(n-2)…(n-r+1)
Look at the last factor: =n(n-1)(n-2)…(n-
n-2 = n- (3-1) r+1)
= n- (r-1)
= n-r+1
NOTE: n ≥ r
Example # 7:

In a school club, there are 5 possible choices for

the president, a secretary, a treasurer, and an
auditor. Assuming that each of them is qualified for
any of these position. In how many ways can the 4
officers be selected?
Solution:
 =
= n(n-1)(n-2)…(n-r+1) =
= 5 (5-1)(5-2)(5-3) =
=5x4x3x2 =
= 120 ways = 120
Example # 8:

The Open Minded Band has 20 songs to

perform in a concert. At the upcoming Battle
of the Bands,they will play 2 songs. In how
many different orders can they perform two of
their songs?
Solution:
 
P
20 2 =

20 2P = 380
Example # 9:

The Racing Club organizes a race in which 5

cars A, B, C, D, and E are joined. How many
possible race results if there are no ties?
Solution:
 Are the permutation of
objects when they are
arranged in a crcular
pattern
 Is a special case of
Place your screenshot here

permutation where the

arrangements of things is
in a circular pattern.
Example # 10:

In how many ways can 3

people be seated around a Place your screenshot here

circular table?
Solution:
A-B-C A-
Given: n= 3 C-B
B-C-A B-
Therefore, 3! A-C
C-A-B C-
3!= 3 X 2 X 1 B-A
3!= 6
Observe that all the arrangements falling on the
same column are just the same because the 3
people are supposed to be seated around a
circular table. There are 6 arrangements.
 A A

B C C B

there are only 2 possible

permutation in arranging 3
persons at a round table.
Therefore the circular
permutations, P of 3 objects is:

 
P=

P=

P= P= 2
Did you know that,

P= (n –
1)!
Solution:  
P=
Given: n= 8 P=

P= (n-1)! P=
P= (8-1)!
P= 7! P=5 040
P= 5, 040
Example # 12:

Mr. Kesler is at a picnic that has a circular

revolving condiment server. Six condiments
are placed on the table. How many ways can
the condiments be arranged?
Solution:  
P=

Given: n= 6 P=

P= (n-1)! P=
P= (6-1)!
P= 5! P=120
P= 120
Example # 13:
Eleven people are to be seated at a round table
where one person is seated closest to the exit. How
many possible arrangements of people relative to the
exit are possible?
Solution:  
P=

Given: n= 11 P=

P= (n-1)! P=
P= (11-1)!
P= 10! P=3, 628, 800
P= 3, 628, 800
Permutation
with
REPETITIO
N
Example # 14:
How many distinguishable permutation are there
for the letters of the word TENNESSEE taken
all together?
Solution:  
P=
Given:
P=
Letters in all= 9
E’s= 4 P=
N’s= 2 P= 3780
S’s= 2
Example # 15:

Find the number of distinguishable

permutations of the letters in the word
“ BASKETBALL”.
Solution:
Given:
 
P=
All letters: 10
B’s= 2 P= 453, 600 ways
A’s = 2
L’s= 2
THANK
YOU! 
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